General principles of wound healing

Surgical Clinics of North America

Volumn 77, Issue 3, 1997, Pages 509-528

  Witte, M B ^a   Barbul, A ^a  

^a SINAI HOSPITAL OF BALTIMORE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

COLLAGEN; CYTOKINE; GROWTH FACTOR;

CELL ACTIVATION; CELL PROLIFERATION; COLLAGEN SYNTHESIS; EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX; FIBROBLAST; HOMEOSTASIS; HUMAN; INFLAMMATION; LEUKOCYTE MIGRATION; MACROPHAGE; NEUTROPHIL CHEMOTAXIS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; WOUND CONTRACTION; WOUND HEALING;

EID: 0031009081     PISSN: 00396109     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0039-6109(05)70566-1     Document Type: Article

References (144)

1. B.B. Aggarwal K. Totpal R. LaPushin Diminished responsiveness of senescent normal human fibroblasts to TNF-dependent proliferation and interleukin production is not due to its effect on the receptors or on the activation of a nuclear factor NF-kappa B Exp Cell Res 218 1995 381
2. M.S. Agren Gelatinase activity during wound healing Br J Dermatol 131 1994 634
3. B. Alberts D. Bray J. Lewis Cell in their social context: Cell junctions, cell adhesion and the extracellular matrix Molecular Biology of the Cell ed 3 1994 Garland Publishing New York 950
4. B. Alberts D. Bray J. Lewis Internal organization of the cell: Membrane structure Molecular Biology of the Cell ed 3 1994 Garland Publishing New York 478
5. S. Albertson R.P. Hummel M. Breeden PDGF and FGF reverse the healing impairment in protein-malnourished diabetic mice Surgery 114 1993 368
6. J.E. Albina J.E. Albina W.L. Henry Jr B. Mastrofrancesco Macrophage activation by culture in an anoxic environment J Immunol 155 1995 4391
7. J.E. Albina C.D. Mills W.L. Henry Jr Temporal expression of different pathways of l -arginine metabolism in healing wounds J Immunol 144 1990 3877
8. J.C. Ansel J.P. Tiesman J.E. Olerud Human keratinocytes are a major source of cutaneous platelet-derived growth factor J Clin Invest 92 1993 671
9. H.N. Antoniades T. Galanopoulos J. Neville-Golden Injury induces in vivo expression of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and PDGF receptor mRNAs in skin epithelial cells and PDGF mRNA in connective tissue fibroblasts Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 88 1991 565
10. A.J. Bailey T.J. Sims Le Lou Collagen polymorphism in experimental granulation tissue Biochem Biophys Res Commun 66 1975 1160
11. M.J. Banda D.R. Knighton T.K. Hunt Isolation of a nonmitogenic angiogenesis factor from wound fluid Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 79 1982 7773
12. A. Barbul M.C. Regan Biology of Wound Healing J.A. Fischer Surgical Basic Science 1993 Mosby-Yearbook St. Louis 67 89
13. M.J. Barnes M.J. Morton R.C. Bennet Studies in collagen synthesis in the mature dermal scar in the guinea pig Biochem Soc 3 1975 917
14. E.J. Battegay E.W. Raines T. Colbert TNF-alpha stimulation of fibroblast proliferation. Dependence on platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) secretion and alteration of PDGF receptor expression J Immunol 154 1995 6040
15. E. Beck F. Duckert M. Ernst The influence of fibrin stabilizing factor on the growth of fibroblasts in vitro and wound healing Thromb Diathes Haemorr 6 1961 485
16. D.H. Beezhold C. Personius Fibronectin fragments stimulate tumor necrosis factor secretion by human monocytes J Leukoc Biol 51 1992 59
17. G.J. Belligan H. Caldwell S.E.M. Howie In vivo fate of the inflammatory macrophage during the resolution of inflammation J Immunol 157 1996 2577
18. J.P. Bentley Rate of chondroitin sulfate formation in wound healing Ann Surg 165 1967 186
19. M.P. Bevilacqua J.S. Pober M.E. Wheeler Interleukin 1 acts on cultured human vascular endothelium to increase the adhesion of polymorphonuclear leukocytes, monocytes, and related leukocyte cell lines J Clin Invest 76 1985 2003
20. J.C. Bonner A.R. Osornio-Vargas A. Badgett Differential proliferation of rat lung fibroblasts induced by the platelet-derived growth factor-AA, -AB, and -BB isoforms secreted by rat alveolar macrophages Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 5 1991 539
21. E.C. Brew M.B. Mitchell A.H. Harken Fibroblast growth factors in operative wound healing J Am Coll Surg 180 1995 499
22. K.N. Broadley A.M. Aquino S.C. Woodward Monospecific antibodies implicate basic fibroblast growth factor in normal wound repair Lab Invest 61 1989 571
23. W. Browder D. Williams P. Lucore Effect of enhanced macrophage function on early wound healing Surgery 104 1988 224
24. Y. Buchmuller-Rouiller J. Mauel Macrophage activation for intracellular killing as induced by calcium ionophore. Correlation with biologic and biochemical events J Immunol 146 1991 217
25. A. Buckley-Sturrock S.C. Woodward R.M. Senior Differential stimulation of collagenase and chemotactic activity in fibroblasts derived from rat wound repair tissue and human skin by growth factors J Cell Physiol 138 1989 70
26. J.P. Bulgrin M. Shabani D. Chakravarthy Nitric oxide synthesis is suppressed in steroid-impaired and diabetic wound healing Wounds 7 1995 48
27. M.D. Caldwell B. Mastrofrancesco J. Shearer The temporal change in amino acid concentration within wound fluid—a putative rationale Prog Clin Biol Res 365 1991 205
28. W.J. Casey W.J. Casey E.E. Peacock Jr M. Chvapil Induction of collagen synthesis in rats by transplantation of allogenic macrophages Surg Forum 27 1976 53
29. J.G. Clark D.K. Madtes G. Raghu Effects of platelet-derived growth factor isoforms on human lung fibroblast proliferation and procollagen gene expression Exp Lung Res 19 1993 327
30. R.A. Clark Regulation of fibroplasia in cutaneous wound repair [review] J Pediatr Surg 306 1993 42
31. R.A.F. Clark Wound repair: Overview and general considerations The Molecular and Cellular Biology of Wound Repair ed 2 1996 Plenum Press New York 3
32. J.N. Clore I.K. Cohen R.F. Diegelmann Quantitation of collagen types I and III during wound healing in rat skin Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 161 1979 337
33. A.C. Colige C.A. Lambert B.V. Nusgens Effect of cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions on the response of fibroblasts to epidermal growth factor in vitro. Expression of collagen type I, collagenase, stromelysin and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases Biochem J 285 1992 215
34. D.M. Cooper E.Z. Yu P. Hennessey Determination of endogenous cytokines in chronic wounds Ann Surg 219 1994 688
35. S.L. Dalton E. Scharf R. Briesewitz Cell adhesion to extracellular matrix regulates the life cycle of integrins Mol Biol Cell 6 1995 1781
36. I. Darby O. Skalli G. Gabbiani Alpha-smooth muscle actin is transiently expressed by myofibroblasts during experimental wound healing Lab Invest 63 1990 21
37. A. Desmouliere A. Geinoz F. Gabbiani Transforming growth factor-beta 1 induces alpha-smooth muscle actin expression in granulation tissue myofibroblasts and in quiescent and growing cultured fibroblasts J Cell Biol 122 1993 103
38. A. Desmouliere M. Redard I. Darby Apoptosis mediates the decrease in cellularity during the transition between granulation tissue and scar Am J Pathol 146 1995 56
39. J. Dhawan S.R. Farmer Regulation of alpha 1 (I)-collagen gene expression in response to cell adhesion in Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts J Biol Chem 265 1990 9015
40. P. Di Francesco E.P. Testa U. Testa Altered growth factor sensitivity in EL2 rat fibroblasts: Influence of this biological characteristic on cell growth Eur J Cell Biol 49 1989 196
41. A. Diaz E. Munoz R. Johnston Regulation of human dermal fibroblasts α1(I) procollagen gene expression by tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin-1β, and prostaglandin E2 J Biol Chem 268 1993 10364
42. R.F. Diegelmann L.C. Rothkopf I.K. Cohen Measurement of collagen biosynthesis during wound healing J Surg Res 19 1975 239
43. C.J. Doillon M.G. Dunn E. Bender Collagen fiber formation in repair tissue: Development of strength and toughness Coll Relat Res 5 1985 481
44. M.R. Duncan B. Bernam Differential regulation of collagen, glycosaminoglycan, fibronectin, and collagenase activity production in cultured human adult dermal fibroblasts by interleukin 1-alpha and beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha and beta J Invest Dermatol 92 1989 699
45. V.M. Dvonch R.J. Murphey J. Matsuoka Changes in growth factor levels in human wound fluid Surgery 112 1992 18
46. H.P. Ehrlich Wound closure: Evidence of cooperation between fibroblasts and collagen matrix Eye 2 1988 149
47. H.P. Ehrlich T.M. Krummel Regulation of wound healing from a connective tissue perspective Wound Repair and Regeneration 4 1996 203
48. 2 antagonizes gingival fibroblast proliferation stimulated by interleukin-1 beta Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 49 1993 847
49. K. Ezoe T. Horikoshi Tumor necrosis factor-alpha increased the integrin alpha 2 beta 1 expression and cell attachment to type I collagen in human dermal fibroblasts Biochem Biophys Res Commun 192 1993 281
50. T.J. Fahey III A. Sadaty W.G. Jones II Diabetes impairs the late inflammatory response to wound healing J Surg Res 50 1991 308
51. T.J. Fahey III B. Sherry K.J. Tracey Cytokine production in a model of wound healing: The appearance of MIP-1, MIP-2, cachectin/TNF and IL-1 Cytokine 2 1990 92
52. 2 on the activation of quiescent lung fibroblasts Prostaglandins 33 1987 903
53. A. Fine R.H. Goldstein The effect of transforming growth factor-beta on cell proliferation and collagen formation by lung fibroblasts J Biol Chem 262 1987 3897
54. H.R. Ford R.A. Hoffman E.J. Wing Characterization of wound cytokines in the sponge matrix model Arch Surg 124 1989 1422
55. L. Forrest Current concepts in soft connective tissue wound healing [review] Br J Surg 70 1983 133
56. K.M. Fries T. Blieden R.J. Looney Evidence of fibroblast heterogeneity and the role of fibroblast subpopulations in fibrosis [review] Clin Immunol Immunopathol 72 1994 283
57. F. Fukai H. Suzuki K. Suzuki Rat plasma fibronectin contains two distinct chemotactic domains for fibroblastic cells J Biol Chem 266 1991 8807
58. G.C. Fuller Pharmacological interventions I. Cohen R. Diegelmann W. Lindblad Wound Healing, Biochemical and Clinical Aspects ed 2 1992 WB Saunders Philadelphia 305
59. J. Gailit R.A. Clark Wound repair in the context of extracellular matrix [review] Curr Opin Cell Biol 6 1994 717
60. J.R. Gamble J.M. Harlan S.J. Klebanoff Stimulation of the adherence of neutrophils to umbilical vein endothelium by human recombinant tumor necrosis factor Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 82 1985 8667
61. S. Gay J. Vijanto J. Raekallio Collagen types in early phases of wound healing in children Acta Chir Scand 144 1978 205
62. P.G. Genever E.J. Wood W.J. Cunliffe The wounded dermal equivalent offers a simplified model for studying wound repair in vitro Exp Dermatol 2 1993 266
63. N.S. Gibran F.F. Isik D.M. Heimbach Basic fibroblast growth factor in the early human burn wound J Surg Res 56 1994 226
64. W.H. Goodson III T.K. Hunt Wound collagen accumulation in obese hyperglycemic mice Diabetes 35 1986 491
65. P.J. Gotwals G. Chi-Rosso V. Lindner The alpha 1 beta 1 integrin is expressed during neointima formation in rat arteries and mediates collagen matrix reorganization J Clin Invest 97 1996 2469
66. F. Grinnell R.E. Billingham L. Burgess Distribution of fibronectin during wound healing in vivo J Invest Dermatol 76 1981 181
67. F. Grinnell M. Feld D. Minter Fibroblast adhesion to fibrinogen and fibrin substrata: Requirement for cold-insoluble globulin (plasma fibronectin) Cell 19 1980 517
68. G.R. Grotendorst Chemoattractants and growth factors K. Cohen R.F. Diegelmann W. Lindblad Wound Healing, Biochemical and Clinical Aspects 1992 WB Saunders Philadelphia 237
69. A.G. Heppleston J.A. Styles Activity of a macrophage factor in collagen formation by silica Nature 214 1967 521
70. D.N. Herndon T.T. Nguyen D.A. Gilpin Growth factors. Local and systemic Arch Surg 128 1993 1227
71. G.S. Herron M.J. Banda E.J. Clark Secretion of metalloproteinases by stimulated capillary endothelial cells. II. Expression of collagenase and stromelysin activities is regulated by endogenous inhibitors J Biol Chem 261 1986 2814
72. T.K. Hunt Vitamin A and wound healing [review] J Am Acad Dermatol 15 1986 817
73. M. Inoue G. Kratz A. Haegerstrand Collagenase expression is rapidly induced in wound-edge keratinocytes after acute injury in human skin, persists during healing, and stops at re-epithelialization J Invest Dermatol 104 1995 479
74. C.R. Irwin M. Picardo I. Ellis Inter- and intra-site heterogeneity in the expression of fetal-like phenotypic characteristics by gingival fibroblasts: Potential significance for wound healing J Cell Sci 107 1994 1333
75. R.L. Juliano S. Haskill Signal transduction from the extracellular matrix [review] J Cell Biol 120 1993 577
76. M.H. Katz A.F. Alvarez R.S. Kirsner Human wound fluid from acute wounds stimulates fibroblast and endothelial cell growth J Am Acad Dermatol 25 1991 1054
77. L.D. Ketchum J. Smith D.W. Robinson Treatment of hypertrophic scars, keloids and scar contracture by triamcinolone acetonide Plast Reconstr Surg 38 1966 209
78. E.S. Kimball M.C. Fisher F.J. Persico Potentiation of BLB/3T3 fibroblast proliferative response by interleukin-1 and epidermal growth factor Cell Immunol 113 1988 341
79. 2 synthesis. Persistence of an abnormal phenotype after short-term exposure to mononuclear cell products J Clin Invest 71 1983 1240
80. E.J. Kovacs Fibrogenic cytokines: The role of immune mediators in the development of scar tissue Immunol Today 12 1991 17
81. R.K. Kumar R. O'Grady W. Li Primary culture of adult mouse lung fibroblasts in serum-free medium: Responses to growth factors Exp Cell Res 193 1991 398
82. Y. Kurita R. Tsuboi R. Ueki Immunohistochemical localization of basic fibroblast growth factor in wound healing sites of mouse skin Arch Dermatol Res 284 1992 193
83. M. Kurkinen A. Vaheri P.J. Roberts Sequential appearance of fibronectin and collagen in experimental granulation tissue Lab Invest 43 1980 47
84. M. Laato V.M. Kahari J. Niinikoski Epidermal growth factor increases collagen production in granulation tissue by stimulation of fibroblast proliferation and not by activation of procollagen genes Biochem J 247 1987 385
85. W.F.J. Larrabee C.A. East H.S. Jaffe Intralesional interferon gamma treatment for keloids and hypertrophic scars Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 116 1990 1159
86. S.J. Leibovich R. Ross The role of the macrophage in wound repair. A study with hydrocortisone and antimacrophage serum Am J Pathol 78 1975 71
87. S.M. Levenson E.F. Geever L.V. Crowley The healing of rat skin wounds Ann Surg 161 1965 293
88. S.F. Lowry Cytokine mediators of immunity and inflammation Arch Surg 128 1993 1235
89. J.W. Madden E.E.J. Peacock Studies on the biology of collagen during wound healing. I. Rate of collagen synthesis and deposition in cutaneous wounds of the rat Surgery 64 1968 288
90. S.E. Malawista R.R. Montgomery G. van Blaricom Evidence for reactive nitrogen intermediates in killing of staphylococci by human neutrophil cytoplasts. A new microbicidal pathway for polymorphonuclear leukocytes J Clin Invest 90 1992 631
91. J. Matsuoka G.R. Grotendorst Two peptides related to platelet-derived growth factor are present in human wound fluid Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 86 1989 4416
92. G. Mautino N. Paul-Eugene P. Chanez Heterogeneous spontaneous and interleukin-4–induced nitric oxide production by human monocytes J Leukoc Biol 56 1994 15
93. G.S. McGee J.M. Davidson A. Buckley Recombinant basic fibroblast growth factor accelerates wound healing J Surg Res 45 1988 145
94. T.N. Mellin D.E. Cashen J.J. Ronan Acidic fibroblast growth factor accelerates dermal wound healing in diabetic mice J Invest Dermatol 104 1995 850
95. E.J. Miller Biochemical characteristics and biological significance of the genetically-distinct collagens Mol Cell Biochem 13 1976 165
96. K. Moriyama H. Shimokawa T. Susami Effects of growth factors on mucosal scar fibroblasts in culture—a possible role of growth factors in scar formation Matrix 11 1991 190
97. G. Murphy Matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors [review] J Am Coll Surg 266 1995 55
98. O.O. Olutoye D.R. Yager I.K. Cohen Lower cytokine release by fetal porcine platelets: A possible explanation for reduced inflammation after fetal wounding J Pediatr Surg 31 1996 91
99. T. Oono U. Specks B. Eckes Expression of type VI collagen mRNA during wound healing J Invest Dermatol 100 1993 329
100. C. Phillips R.J. Wenstrup Biosynthetic and genetic disorders of collagen K. Cohen R.F. Diegelmann W. Lindblad Wound Healing. Biochemical and Clinical Aspects 1992 WB Saunders Philadelphia 152
101. P.F. Piguet G.E. Grau P. Vassalli Subcutaneous perfusion of tumor necrosis factor induces local proliferation of fibroblasts, capillaries, and epidermal cells, or massive tissue necrosis Am J Pathol 136 1990 103
102. T.H. Pohlman K.A. Stanness P.G. Beatty An endothelial cell surface factor(s) induced in vitro by lipopolysaccharide, interleukin 1, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha increases neutrophil adherence by a CDw18-dependent mechanism J Immunol 136 1986 4548
103. P.J. Polverini P.S. Cotran M.A. Gimbrone Jr Activated macrophages induce vascular proliferation Nature 269 1977 804
104. W. Popik A.D. Inglot Combined action of interferons and transforming growth factor beta on the proliferation of human fibroblasts Arch Immunol Ther Exp 39 1991 19
105. V.E. Pricolo M.D. Caldwell B. Mastrofrancesco Modulatory activities of wound fluid on fibroblast proliferation and collagen synthesis J Surg Res 48 1990 534
106. D.J. Prockop K.I. Kivirikko Collagens: Molecular biology, diseases, and potentials for therapy [review] Annu Rev Biochem 64 1995 403
107. R. Raghow The role of extracellular matrix in postinflammatory wound healing and fibrosis [review] FASEB J 8 1994 823
108. E.W. Raines S.K. Dower R. Ross Interleukin-1 mitogenic activity for fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells is due to PDGF-AA Science 243 1989 393
109. M.J. Reed P. Puolakkainen T.F. Lane Differential expression of SPARC and thrombospondin 1 in wound repair: Immunolocalization and in situ hybridization J Histochem Cytochem 41 1993 1467
110. M.C. Regan S.J. Kirk H.L. Wasserkrug The wound environment as a regulator of fibroblast phenotype J Surg Res 50 1991 442
111. D.W.H. Riches Macrophage involvement in wound repair, remodeling and fibrosis R.A.F. Clark The Molecular and Cellular Biology of Wound Repair ed 2 1996 Plenum Press New York 95
112. R. Rudolph R. Rudolph J. Vande Berg H.P. Ehrlich Wound contraction and scar contracture K. Cohen R.F. Diegelmann W. Lindblad Wound Healing, Biochemical and Clinical Aspects 1992 WB Saunders Philadelphia 96
113. U.K. Saarialho-Kere S.O. Kovacs A.P. Pentland Cell-matrix interactions modulate interstitial collagenase expression by human keratinocytes actively involved in wound healing J Clin Invest 92 1993 2858
114. M.R. Schaeffer U. Tandry S.S. Gross Nitric oxide regulates wound healing J Surg Res 63 1996 237
115. K. Scharffetter M. Kulozik W. Stolz Localization of collagen alpha 1(I) gene expression during wound healing by in situ hybridization J Invest Dermatol 93 1989 405
116. J.A. Schilling Wound healing Surg Clin North Am 56 1976 859
117. J.A. Schiro B.M. Chan W.T. Roswit Integrin alpha 2 beta 1 (VLA-2) mediates reorganization and contraction of collagen matrices by human cells Cell 67 1991 403
118. H.H. Schmidt B. Zernikow S. Baeblich Basal and stimulated formation and release of l -arginine–derived nitrogen oxides from cultured endothelial cells J Pharmacol Exp Ther 254 1990 591
119. A. Schmitt-Graff A. Desmouliere G. Gabbiani Heterogeneity of myofibroblast phenotypic features: An example of fibroblastic cell plasticity [review] Virchows Archiv 425 1994 3
120. A.P. Sclafani L. Gordon M. Chadha Prevention of earlobe keloid recurrence with postoperative corticosteroid injections versus radiation therapy: A randomized, prospective study and review of the literature Dermatol Surg 22 1996 569
121. R.A. Seifert S.A. Coats E.W. Raines Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) receptor alpha-subunit mutant and reconstituted cell lines demonstrate that transforming growth factor-beta can be mitogenic through PDGF A-chain-dependent and -independent pathways J Biol Chem 269 1994 13951
122. G.D. Sempowski M.A. Borrello T.M. Blieden Fibroblast heterogeneity in the healing wound Wound Repair and Regeneration 3 1995 120
123. H. Seppa G. Grotendorst S. Seppa Platelet-derived growth factor in chemotactic for fibroblasts J Cell Biol 92 1982 584
124. G. Serini G. Gabbiani Modulation of α-smooth muscle actin expression in fibroblasts by transforming growth factor-β isoforms: An in vivo and in vitro study Wound Repair and Regeneration 4 1996 278
125. D.M. Simpson R. Ross The neutrophilic leukocyte in wound repair. A study with antineutrophil serum J Clin Invest 51 1972 2009
126. J.A. Solis-Herruzo D.A. Brenner M. Chojkier Tumor necrosis factor alpha inhibits collagen gene transcription and collagen synthesis in cultured human fibroblasts J Biol Chem 263 1988 5841
127. R.W. Tarnuzzer G.S. Schultz Biochemical analysis of acute and chronic wound environments Wound Repair and Regeneration 4 1996 321
128. S.C. Thornton S.B. Pot B.J. Walsh Interaction of immune and connective tissue cells: I. The effect of lymphokines and monokines on fibroblast growth J Leukoc Biol 47 1990 312
129. M.G. Tonnesen L.A. Smedly P.M. Henson Neutrophil-endothelial cell interactions. Modulation of neutrophil adhesiveness induced by complement fragments C5a and C5a des arg and formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine in vitro J Clin Invest 74 1984 1581
130. P. Tremble R. Chiquet-Ehrismann Z. Werb The extracellular matrix ligands fibronectin and tenascin collaborate in regulating collagenase gene expression in fibroblasts Mol Biol Cell 5 1994 439
131. N.J. Trengove S.R. Langton M.C. Stacey Biochemical analysis of wound fluid from nonhealing and healing leg ulcers Wound Repair and Regeneration 4 1996 234
132. K. Tryggvason Molecular properties and diseases of collagens Kidney Int 47 Suppl 49 1995 24
133. R. Tsuboi D.B. Rifkin Recombinant basic fibroblast growth factor stimulates wound healing in healing-impaired db/db mice J Exp Med 172 1990 245
134. E.N. Unemori Z. Werb Reorganization of polymerized actin: A possible trigger for induction of procollagenase in fibroblasts cultured in and on collagen gels J Cell Biol 103 1986 1021
135. J.S. Vande Berg R. Rudolph M. Woodward Comparative growth dynamics and morphology between cultured myofibroblasts from granulating wounds and dermal fibroblasts Am J Pathol 114 1984 187
136. L.M. Wahl S.M. Wahl Inflammation Healing Wound Biochemical and Clinical Aspects 1992 WB Saunders Philadelphia 40
137. L.M. Wahl S.M. Wahl S.E. Mergenhagen Collagenase production by endotoxin-activated macrophages Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 71 1974 3598
138. S. Watanabe X.E. Wang M. Hirose Basic fibroblast growth factor accelerates gastric mucosal restoration in vitro by promoting mesenchymal cell migration and proliferation J Gastroenterol Hepatol 10 1995 627
139. Z. Werb P.M. Tremble O. Behrendtsen Signal transduction through the fibronectin receptor induces collagenase and stromelysin gene expression J Cell Biol 109 1989 877
140. G. Werner-Felmayer E.R. Werner D. Fuchs Tetrahydrobiopterin-dependent formation of nitrite and nitrate in murine fibroblasts J Exp Med 172 1990 1599
141. D.M. Wiseman P.J. Polverini D.W. Kamp Transforming growth factor-beta is chemotactic for human monocytes and induces their expression of angiogenic activity Biochem Biophys Res Commun 157 1988 793
142. J.L. Wrana J. Sodek R.L. Ber The effects of platelet-derived transforming growth factor beta on normal human diploid gingival fibroblasts Eur J Biochem 159 1986 69
143. L. Xiao P.H.E. Eneroth G.A. Qureshi Nitric oxide synthase pathway may mediate human natural killer cell cytotoxicity Scand J Immunol 42 1995 505
144. P.K. Young F. Grinnell Metalloproteinase activation cascade after burn injury: Longitudinal analysis of the human wound environment J Invest Dermatol 103 1994 660