-
1
-
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0031859323
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Genetic analysis of dioxin dioxygenase of Sphingomonas sp. strain RW1: Catabolic genes dispersed on the genome
-
The overall identity of the dxnA1 sequence, coding for the α subunit and thereby assumed to be responsible for substrate specificity, with its counterparts is relatively low, but clearly shows a phylogenetic relationship with other three-component dioxygenases. The organization of the four genes of the dioxygenase and of the complete dioxin upper pathway, including the subsequent ring-cleavage and hydrolase enzymes, is clearly different from other pathways described thus far, as the genes are not clustered but scattered around the chromosome. The gene products are supposed to be capable of transformation of lower chlorinated substrate analogues
-
Armengaud J., Happe B., Timmis K.N. Genetic analysis of dioxin dioxygenase of Sphingomonas sp. strain RW1: catabolic genes dispersed on the genome. J Bacteriol. 180:1998;3954-3966. The overall identity of the dxnA1 sequence, coding for the α subunit and thereby assumed to be responsible for substrate specificity, with its counterparts is relatively low, but clearly shows a phylogenetic relationship with other three-component dioxygenases. The organization of the four genes of the dioxygenase and of the complete dioxin upper pathway, including the subsequent ring-cleavage and hydrolase enzymes, is clearly different from other pathways described thus far, as the genes are not clustered but scattered around the chromosome. The gene products are supposed to be capable of transformation of lower chlorinated substrate analogues.
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(1998)
J Bacteriol
, vol.180
, pp. 3954-3966
-
-
Armengaud, J.1
Happe, B.2
Timmis, K.N.3
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2
-
-
0030744612
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Identification and characterization of genes encoding carbazole 1,9a-dioxygenase in Pseudomonas sp. strain CA10
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Sato S.I., Nam J.W., Kasuga K., Nojiri H., Yamane H., Omori T. Identification and characterization of genes encoding carbazole 1,9a-dioxygenase in Pseudomonas sp. strain CA10. J Bacteriol. 179:1997;4850-4858.
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(1997)
J Bacteriol
, vol.179
, pp. 4850-4858
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Sato, S.I.1
Nam, J.W.2
Kasuga, K.3
Nojiri, H.4
Yamane, H.5
Omori, T.6
-
3
-
-
0032940805
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Diverse oxygenations catalyzed by carbazole 1,9a-dioxygenase from Pseudomonas sp. strain CA10
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Nojiri H., Nam J.W., Kosaka M., Morii K.I., Takemura T., Furihata K., Yamane H., Omori T. Diverse oxygenations catalyzed by carbazole 1,9a-dioxygenase from Pseudomonas sp. strain CA10. J Bacteriol. 181:1999;3105-3113.
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J Bacteriol
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Nojiri, H.1
Nam, J.W.2
Kosaka, M.3
Morii, K.I.4
Takemura, T.5
Furihata, K.6
Yamane, H.7
Omori, T.8
-
4
-
-
0031967070
-
A gene cluster encoding steps in conversion of naphthalene to gentisate in Pseudomonas sp. strain U2
-
The paper shows a new genetic pathway organization. It is proposed that salicylate 5-hydroxylase, which transforms the pathway intermediate salicylate into gentisate, the gene of which is located inside the genes coding for naphthalene dioxygenase, is linked to the naphthalene dioxygenase electron transport chain. It is further proposed that the described nitrotoluene operons, which are similar to this operon, evolved from such a precursor but the reason why they evolved from those dioxygenase genes rather then from previously described 'classical' dioxygenase genes remains unsolved
-
Fuenmayor S.L., Wild M., Boyes A.L., Williams P.A. A gene cluster encoding steps in conversion of naphthalene to gentisate in Pseudomonas sp. strain U2. J Bacteriol. 180:1998;2522-2530. The paper shows a new genetic pathway organization. It is proposed that salicylate 5-hydroxylase, which transforms the pathway intermediate salicylate into gentisate, the gene of which is located inside the genes coding for naphthalene dioxygenase, is linked to the naphthalene dioxygenase electron transport chain. It is further proposed that the described nitrotoluene operons, which are similar to this operon, evolved from such a precursor but the reason why they evolved from those dioxygenase genes rather then from previously described 'classical' dioxygenase genes remains unsolved.
-
(1998)
J Bacteriol
, vol.180
, pp. 2522-2530
-
-
Fuenmayor, S.L.1
Wild, M.2
Boyes, A.L.3
Williams, P.A.4
-
5
-
-
0032819205
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Purification and characterisation of a novel naphthalene dioxygenase from Rhodococcus sp. strain NCIMB12038
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Larkin M.J., Allen C.C.R., Kulakov L.A., Lipscomb D.A. Purification and characterisation of a novel naphthalene dioxygenase from Rhodococcus sp. strain NCIMB12038. J Bacteriol. 181:1999;6200-6204.
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(1999)
J Bacteriol
, vol.181
, pp. 6200-6204
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-
Larkin, M.J.1
Allen, C.C.R.2
Kulakov, L.A.3
Lipscomb, D.A.4
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6
-
-
0032900505
-
The phn genes of Burkholderia sp. strain RP007 constitute a divergent gene cluster for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon catabolism
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Laurie A.D., Lloyd-Jones G. The phn genes of Burkholderia sp. strain RP007 constitute a divergent gene cluster for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon catabolism. J Bacteriol. 181:1999;531-540.
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(1999)
J Bacteriol
, vol.181
, pp. 531-540
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Laurie, A.D.1
Lloyd-Jones, G.2
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7
-
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0031768236
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Isolation of marine polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-degrading Cytoclasticus strains from the gulf of Mexico and comparison of their PAH degradation ability with that of puget sound Cytoclasticus strains
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Geiselbrecht A.D., Hedlund B.P., Tichi M.A., Staley J.T. Isolation of marine polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-degrading Cytoclasticus strains from the gulf of Mexico and comparison of their PAH degradation ability with that of puget sound Cytoclasticus strains. Appl Environ Microbiol. 64:1998;4703-4710.
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(1998)
Appl Environ Microbiol
, vol.64
, pp. 4703-4710
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Geiselbrecht, A.D.1
Hedlund, B.P.2
Tichi, M.A.3
Staley, J.T.4
-
8
-
-
0032959907
-
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon degradation by a new marine bacterium, Neptunomonas naphthovorans gen. nov., sp. nov
-
Hedlund B.P., Geiselbrecht A.D., Bair T.J., Staley J.T. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon degradation by a new marine bacterium, Neptunomonas naphthovorans gen. nov., sp. nov. Appl Environ Microbiol. 65:1999;251-259.
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(1999)
Appl Environ Microbiol
, vol.65
, pp. 251-259
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Hedlund, B.P.1
Geiselbrecht, A.D.2
Bair, T.J.3
Staley, J.T.4
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9
-
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0030743522
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Microbial degradation of chloroaromatics: Use of the meta-cleavage pathway for mineralization of chlorobenzene
-
Mars A.E., Kasberg T., Kaschabek S.R., van Agteren M.H., Janssen D.B., Reineke W. Microbial degradation of chloroaromatics: use of the meta-cleavage pathway for mineralization of chlorobenzene. J Bacteriol. 179:1997;4530-4537.
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(1997)
J Bacteriol
, vol.179
, pp. 4530-4537
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-
Mars, A.E.1
Kasberg, T.2
Kaschabek, S.R.3
Van Agteren, M.H.4
Janssen, D.B.5
Reineke, W.6
-
10
-
-
0033064439
-
Conversion of 3-chlorocatechol by various catechol 2,3-dioxygenases and sequence analysis of the chlorocatechol dioxygenase region of Pseudomonas putida GJ31
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Mars A.E., Kingma J., Kaschabek S.R., Reineke W., Janssen D.B. Conversion of 3-chlorocatechol by various catechol 2,3-dioxygenases and sequence analysis of the chlorocatechol dioxygenase region of Pseudomonas putida GJ31. J Bacteriol. 181:1999;1309-1318.
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(1999)
J Bacteriol
, vol.181
, pp. 1309-1318
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Mars, A.E.1
Kingma, J.2
Kaschabek, S.R.3
Reineke, W.4
Janssen, D.B.5
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11
-
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0032885089
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PcpA, which is involved in the degradation of pentachlorophenol in Sphingomonas chlorophenolica ATCC39723, is a novel type of ring-cleavage dioxygenase
-
•]
-
•].
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(1999)
FEBS Lett
, vol.459
, pp. 395-398
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-
Ohtsubo, Y.1
Kanda, K.2
Hatta, T.3
Kiyohara, H.4
Senda, T.5
Nagata, Y.6
Mitsui, Y.7
Takagi, M.8
-
13
-
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0033564297
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Evidence that pcpA encodes 2,6-dichlorohydroquinone dioxygenase, the ring cleavage enzyme required for pentachlorophenol degradation in Sphingomonas chlorophenolica strain ATCC 39723
-
•] give evidence that 2-chlorohydroquinone, the intermediate in lindane degradation, and 2,6-dichlorohydroquinone, the intermediate in pentachlorophenol degradation, are directly subject to ring-cleavage by new cleavage dioxygenases. The ring-cleavage products, acyl chlorides, seem to react with water to give maleylacetate and 2-chloromaleylacetate. The reports further indicate that a hydroquinone rather than a hydroxyhydroquinone is subject to ring-cleavage
-
•] give evidence that 2-chlorohydroquinone, the intermediate in lindane degradation, and 2,6-dichlorohydroquinone, the intermediate in pentachlorophenol degradation, are directly subject to ring-cleavage by new cleavage dioxygenases. The ring-cleavage products, acyl chlorides, seem to react with water to give maleylacetate and 2-chloromaleylacetate. The reports further indicate that a hydroquinone rather than a hydroxyhydroquinone is subject to ring-cleavage.
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(1999)
Biochemistry
, vol.38
, pp. 7659-7669
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-
Xu, L.1
Resing, K.2
Lawson, S.L.3
Babbitt, P.C.4
Copley, S.D.5
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14
-
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0029858048
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2-Aminophenol 1,6-dioxygenase: A novel aromatic ring-cleavage enzyme purified from Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes JS45
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Lendenmann U., Spain J.C. 2-Aminophenol 1,6-dioxygenase: a novel aromatic ring-cleavage enzyme purified from Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes JS45. J Bacteriol. 178:1998;6227-6232.
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(1998)
J Bacteriol
, vol.178
, pp. 6227-6232
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-
Lendenmann, U.1
Spain, J.C.2
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15
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0032721192
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Genetic and biochemical comparison of 2-aminophenol 1,6-dioxygenase of Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes JS45 to meta-cleavage dioxygenases: Divergent evolution of 2-aminophenol meta-cleavage pathway
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Davis J.K., He Z., Somerville C.C., Spain J.C. Genetic and biochemical comparison of 2-aminophenol 1,6-dioxygenase of Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes JS45 to meta-cleavage dioxygenases: divergent evolution of 2-aminophenol meta-cleavage pathway. Arch Microbiol. 172:1999;330-339.
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(1999)
Arch Microbiol
, vol.172
, pp. 330-339
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-
Davis, J.K.1
He, Z.2
Somerville, C.C.3
Spain, J.C.4
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16
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0032831422
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High- And low-molecular-mass microbial surfactants
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Rosenberg E., Ron E.Z. High- and low-molecular-mass microbial surfactants. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 52:1999;152-164.
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(1999)
Appl Microbiol Biotechnol
, vol.52
, pp. 152-164
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Rosenberg, E.1
Ron, E.Z.2
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17
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0032908214
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Bacterial adhesion to soil contaminants in the presence of surfactants
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Stelmack P.L., Gray M.R., Pickard M.A. Bacterial adhesion to soil contaminants in the presence of surfactants. Appl Environ Microbiol. 65:1999;163-168.
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(1999)
Appl Environ Microbiol
, vol.65
, pp. 163-168
-
-
Stelmack, P.L.1
Gray, M.R.2
Pickard, M.A.3
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18
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0033025310
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Contrasting effects of a nonionic surfactant on the biotransformation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to cis-dihydrodiols by soil bacteria
-
The authors provide evidence of the adverse effects of surfactants on the degradative capability of different bacteria. Triton X100 enhanced the oxidation of, for example, phenanthrene by a Pseudomonas but inhibited its oxidation and growth on various aromatic compounds by a Sphingomonas strain. The inhibitory effect was not specific for a particular aromatic pathway, but was also not a general toxic effect
-
Allen C.C., Boyd D.R., Hempenstall F., Larkin M.J., Sharma N.D. Contrasting effects of a nonionic surfactant on the biotransformation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to cis-dihydrodiols by soil bacteria. Appl Environ Microbiol. 65:1999;1335-1339. The authors provide evidence of the adverse effects of surfactants on the degradative capability of different bacteria. Triton X100 enhanced the oxidation of, for example, phenanthrene by a Pseudomonas but inhibited its oxidation and growth on various aromatic compounds by a Sphingomonas strain. The inhibitory effect was not specific for a particular aromatic pathway, but was also not a general toxic effect.
-
(1999)
Appl Environ Microbiol
, vol.65
, pp. 1335-1339
-
-
Allen, C.C.1
Boyd, D.R.2
Hempenstall, F.3
Larkin, M.J.4
Sharma, N.D.5
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19
-
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0030728972
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Designing recombinant Pseudomonas strains to enhance biodesulfurization
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The dsz biodesulfurization gene cluster from Rhodococcus erythropolis IGTS8 was introduced into pseudomonads capable of producing rhamnolipid surfactants. However, as to how far the rhamnolipid production actually enhances the degradation phenotype still remains to be elucidated
-
Gallardo M.E., Ferrandez A., de Lorenzo V., Garcia J.L., Diaz E. Designing recombinant Pseudomonas strains to enhance biodesulfurization. J Bacteriol. 179:1997;7156-7160. The dsz biodesulfurization gene cluster from Rhodococcus erythropolis IGTS8 was introduced into pseudomonads capable of producing rhamnolipid surfactants. However, as to how far the rhamnolipid production actually enhances the degradation phenotype still remains to be elucidated.
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(1997)
J Bacteriol
, vol.179
, pp. 7156-7160
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-
Gallardo, M.E.1
Ferrandez, A.2
De Lorenzo, V.3
Garcia, J.L.4
Diaz, E.5
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20
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0031842019
-
Molecular genetics of biosurfactant production
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Sullivan E.R. Molecular genetics of biosurfactant production. Curr Opin Biotechnol. 9:1998;263-269.
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(1998)
Curr Opin Biotechnol
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, pp. 263-269
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Sullivan, E.R.1
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21
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0031888525
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Major facilitator superfamily
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+ symporter family, family 17 of the major facilitator superfamily, is involved in the uptake of cis,cis-muconate, benzoate, 4-hydroxybenzoate, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate, and protocatechuate
-
+ symporter family, family 17 of the major facilitator superfamily, is involved in the uptake of cis,cis-muconate, benzoate, 4-hydroxybenzoate, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate, and protocatechuate.
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(1998)
Microbiol Mol Biol Rev
, vol.62
, pp. 1-34
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-
Pao, S.S.1
Paulsen, I.T.2
Saier, M.H.3
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22
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0032859007
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Characterization of the phthalate permease OphD from Burkholderia cepacia ATCC 17616
-
Chang H.K., Zylstra G.J. Characterization of the phthalate permease OphD from Burkholderia cepacia ATCC 17616. J Bacteriol. 181:1999;6197-6199.
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(1999)
J Bacteriol
, vol.181
, pp. 6197-6199
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Chang, H.K.1
Zylstra, G.J.2
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23
-
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0031948730
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The tfdK gene product facilitates uptake of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate by Ralstonia eutropha JMP134(pJP4)
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Leveau J.H.J., Zehnder A.J.B., van der Meer J.R. The tfdK gene product facilitates uptake of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate by Ralstonia eutropha JMP134(pJP4). J Bacteriol. 180:1998;2237-2243.
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(1998)
J Bacteriol
, vol.180
, pp. 2237-2243
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Leveau, J.H.J.1
Zehnder, A.J.B.2
Van Der Meer, J.R.3
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24
-
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0031802163
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Enantioselective uptake and degradation of the chiral herbicide dichlorprop [(R,S)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)propanoic acid] by Sphingomonas herbicidovorans MH
-
Evidence is presented that the first step in the degradation of different chlorophenoxy herbicides is always an active transport and that three inducible, proton-gradient-driven uptake systems exist for the (R)-forms of chlorophenoxypropionates, for the (S)-forms and for 2,4-D
-
Zipper C., Bunk M., Zehnder A.J.B., Kohler H.P.E. Enantioselective uptake and degradation of the chiral herbicide dichlorprop [(R,S)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)propanoic acid] by Sphingomonas herbicidovorans MH. J Bacteriol. 180:1998;3368-3374. Evidence is presented that the first step in the degradation of different chlorophenoxy herbicides is always an active transport and that three inducible, proton-gradient-driven uptake systems exist for the (R)-forms of chlorophenoxypropionates, for the (S)-forms and for 2,4-D.
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(1998)
J Bacteriol
, vol.180
, pp. 3368-3374
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-
Zipper, C.1
Bunk, M.2
Zehnder, A.J.B.3
Kohler, H.P.E.4
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25
-
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0032453513
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Naphthalene uptake by a Pseudomonas fluorescens isolate
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Whitman B.E., Lueking D.R., Mihelcic J.R. Naphthalene uptake by a Pseudomonas fluorescens isolate. Can J Microbiol. 44:1998;1086-1093.
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Can J Microbiol
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, pp. 1086-1093
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Whitman, B.E.1
Lueking, D.R.2
Mihelcic, J.R.3
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26
-
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0032864202
-
Conserved cytoplasmic loops are important for both the transport and chemotaxis functions of PcaK, a protein from Pseudomonas putida with 12 membrane-spanning regions
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Ditty J.L., Harwood C.S. Conserved cytoplasmic loops are important for both the transport and chemotaxis functions of PcaK, a protein from Pseudomonas putida with 12 membrane-spanning regions. J Bacteriol. 181:1999;5068-5074.
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J Bacteriol
, vol.181
, pp. 5068-5074
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Ditty, J.L.1
Harwood, C.S.2
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27
-
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0032942360
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NahY, a catabolic plasmid-encoded receptor required for chemotaxis of Pseudomonas putida to the aromatic hydrocarbon naphthalene
-
The molecular basis for chemotaxis of a Pseudomonas putida strain is described. The nahY gene located on the catabolic plasmid NAH7 is reported to encode a chemoreceptor, which probably binds naphthalene on its periplasmic face to initiate chemosensory signaling in a manner analogous to that of other bacterial transducer proteins
-
Grimm A.C., Harwood C.S. NahY, a catabolic plasmid-encoded receptor required for chemotaxis of Pseudomonas putida to the aromatic hydrocarbon naphthalene. J Bacteriol. 181:1999;3310-3316. The molecular basis for chemotaxis of a Pseudomonas putida strain is described. The nahY gene located on the catabolic plasmid NAH7 is reported to encode a chemoreceptor, which probably binds naphthalene on its periplasmic face to initiate chemosensory signaling in a manner analogous to that of other bacterial transducer proteins.
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(1999)
J Bacteriol
, vol.181
, pp. 3310-3316
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Grimm, A.C.1
Harwood, C.S.2
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28
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0030864029
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Chemotaxis of Pseudomonas spp. to the polyaromatic hydrocarbon naphthalene
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Grimm A.C., Harwood C.S. Chemotaxis of Pseudomonas spp. to the polyaromatic hydrocarbon naphthalene. Appl Environ Microbiol. 63:1997;4111-4115.
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Appl Environ Microbiol
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Grimm, A.C.1
Harwood, C.S.2
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0032143971
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Bacteria tolerant to organic solvents
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Isken S., de Bont J. Bacteria tolerant to organic solvents. Extremophiles. 2:1998;229-238.
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(1998)
Extremophiles
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Isken, S.1
De Bont, J.2
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30
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0032882545
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Involvement of the cis/trans isomerase Cti in solvent resistance of Pseudomonas putida DOT-T1E
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Junker F., Ramos J. Involvement of the cis/trans isomerase Cti in solvent resistance of Pseudomonas putida DOT-T1E. J Bacteriol. 181:1999;5693-5700.
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Junker, F.1
Ramos, J.2
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31
-
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0032792290
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Outer membrane changes in a toluene-sensitive mutant of toluene-tolerant Pseudomonas putida IH-2000
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Kobayashi H., Takami H., Hirayama H., Kobata K., Usami R., Horikoshi K. Outer membrane changes in a toluene-sensitive mutant of toluene-tolerant Pseudomonas putida IH-2000. J Bacteriol. 181:1999;4493-4498.
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J Bacteriol
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Kobayashi, H.1
Takami, H.2
Hirayama, H.3
Kobata, K.4
Usami, R.5
Horikoshi, K.6
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32
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0032211968
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Isolation and transposon mutagenesis of a Pseudomonas putida KT2442 toluene-resistant variant: Involvement of an efflux system in solvent resistance
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Fukumori F., Hirayama H., Takami H., Inoue A., Horikoshi K. Isolation and transposon mutagenesis of a Pseudomonas putida KT2442 toluene-resistant variant: involvement of an efflux system in solvent resistance. Extremophiles. 2:1998;395-400.
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(1998)
Extremophiles
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, pp. 395-400
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Fukumori, F.1
Hirayama, H.2
Takami, H.3
Inoue, A.4
Horikoshi, K.5
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33
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0031780304
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Efflux pumps involved in toluene tolerance in Pseudomonas putida DOT-T1E
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Ramos J.L., Duque E., Godoy P., Segura A. Efflux pumps involved in toluene tolerance in Pseudomonas putida DOT-T1E. J Bacteriol. 180:1998;3323-3329.
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J Bacteriol
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Ramos, J.L.1
Duque, E.2
Godoy, P.3
Segura, A.4
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34
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0344731433
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Toluene metabolism by the solvent-tolerant Pseudomonas putida DOT-T1 strain, and its role in solvent impermeabilization
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Mosqueda G., Ramos-Gonzalez M., Ramos J. Toluene metabolism by the solvent-tolerant Pseudomonas putida DOT-T1 strain, and its role in solvent impermeabilization. Gene. 232:1999;69-76.
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Mosqueda, G.1
Ramos-Gonzalez, M.2
Ramos, J.3
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35
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0029020954
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Isolation and expansion of the catabolic potential of a Pseudomonas putida strain able to grow in the presence of high concentrations of aromatic hydrocarbons
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Ramos J.L., Duque E., Huertas M-J., Haidour A. Isolation and expansion of the catabolic potential of a Pseudomonas putida strain able to grow in the presence of high concentrations of aromatic hydrocarbons. J Bacteriol. 177:1995;3911-9999.
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Ramos, J.L.1
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Huertas, M.-J.3
Haidour, A.4
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0031985658
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Survival in soil of different toluene-degrading Pseudomonas strains after solvent shock
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Huertas M.J., Duque E., Marques S., Ramos J.L. Survival in soil of different toluene-degrading Pseudomonas strains after solvent shock. Appl Environ Microbiol. 64:1998;38-42.
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Appl Environ Microbiol
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Huertas, M.J.1
Duque, E.2
Marques, S.3
Ramos, J.L.4
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37
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0031728784
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Engineering a recombinant Deinococcus radiodurans for organopollutant degradation in radioactive mixed waste environments
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Lange C.C., Wackett L.P., Minton K.W., Daly M.J. Engineering a recombinant Deinococcus radiodurans for organopollutant degradation in radioactive mixed waste environments. Nat Biotechnol. 16:1998;929-933.
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Lange, C.C.1
Wackett, L.P.2
Minton, K.W.3
Daly, M.J.4
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38
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0031736054
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Psychrotolerant bacteria isolated from Arctic soil that degrade polychlorinated biphenyls at low temperatures
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Master E.R., Mohn W.W. Psychrotolerant bacteria isolated from Arctic soil that degrade polychlorinated biphenyls at low temperatures. Appl Environ Microbiol. 64:1998;4823-4829.
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Appl Environ Microbiol
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2+ at the active site. By replacing Glu79 with histidine, a mutant enzyme was produced which binds the catalytic active iron more strongly. In addition, the mutant enzyme showed higher affinities for all substrates tested and a significant increase in the reaction rates with the majority of the substrates. Despite the higher iron binding affinity, however, the mutant enzyme was more sensitive to inactivation during substrate turnover.
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Structure of an aromatic-ring-hydroxylating dioxygenase-naphthalene 1,2-dioxygenase
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Wilson M.S., Bakermans C., Madsen E.L. In situ, real-time catabolic gene expression: extraction and characterization of naphthalene dioxygenase mRNA transcripts from groundwater. Appl Environ Microbiol. 65:1999;80-87. Reverse transcribed PCR was used to analyze the expression of genes encoding naphthalene catabolism in microorganisms at a contaminated site. Not only did they show that naphthalene dioxygenase genes were actively transcribed at the site, thereby giving molecular evidence for ongoing intrinsic biodegradation, but they also identified those genes of predominant importance by sequence characterization.
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