메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 49, Issue 5, 2000, Pages 199-205

Immunology of DNA vaccines: CpG motifs and antigen presentation

Author keywords

DNA; Immunology; Mechanism; Plasmid; Vaccines

Indexed keywords

BACTERIAL DNA; CYTOKINE; DNA VACCINE; PLASMID DNA;

EID: 0034044460     PISSN: 10233830     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s000110050580     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (25)

References (52)
  • 1
    • 16944363710 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protection of chimpanzees from high-dose heterologous HIV-1 challenge by DNA vaccination
    • [1] Boyer JD, Ugen KE, Wang B, Agadjanyan M, Gilbert L, Bagarazzi ML et al. Protection of chimpanzees from high-dose heterologous HIV-1 challenge by DNA vaccination [see comments]. Nat Med 1997; 3: 526-32.
    • (1997) Nat Med , vol.3 , pp. 526-532
    • Boyer, J.D.1    Ugen, K.E.2    Wang, B.3    Agadjanyan, M.4    Gilbert, L.5    Bagarazzi, M.L.6
  • 2
    • 0027411456 scopus 로고
    • Heterologous protection against influenza by injection of DNA encoding a viral protein
    • [2] Ulmer JB, Donnelly JJ, Parker SE, Rhodes GH, Felgner PL, Dwarki VJ et al. Heterologous protection against influenza by injection of DNA encoding a viral protein [see comments]. Science 1993; 259: 1745-9.
    • (1993) Science , vol.259 , pp. 1745-1749
    • Ulmer, J.B.1    Donnelly, J.J.2    Parker, S.E.3    Rhodes, G.H.4    Felgner, P.L.5    Dwarki, V.J.6
  • 5
    • 0031761363 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DNA vaccines with single-chain Fv fused to fragment C of tetanus toxin induce protective immunity against lymphoma and myeloma
    • [5] King CA, Spellerberg MB, Zhu D, Rice J, Sahota SS, Thompsett AR et al. DNA vaccines with single-chain Fv fused to fragment C of tetanus toxin induce protective immunity against lymphoma and myeloma [see comments]. Nat Med 1998; 4: 1281-6.
    • (1998) Nat Med , vol.4 , pp. 1281-1286
    • King, C.A.1    Spellerberg, M.B.2    Zhu, D.3    Rice, J.4    Sahota, S.S.5    Thompsett, A.R.6
  • 6
    • 17444435761 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cellular cytotoxic response induced by DNA vaccination in HIV-1-infected patients
    • [6] Calarota S, Bratt G, Nordlund S, Hinkula J, Leandersson AC, Sandstrom E et al. Cellular cytotoxic response induced by DNA vaccination in HIV-1-infected patients. Lancet 1998; 351: 1320-5.
    • (1998) Lancet , vol.351 , pp. 1320-1325
    • Calarota, S.1    Bratt, G.2    Nordlund, S.3    Hinkula, J.4    Leandersson, A.C.5    Sandstrom, E.6
  • 7
    • 0032538597 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Induction of antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes in humans by a malaria DNA vaccine
    • [7] Wang R, Doolan DL, Le TP, Hedstrom RC, Coonan KM, Charoenvit Y et al. Induction of antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes in humans by a malaria DNA vaccine. Science 1998; 282: 476-80.
    • (1998) Science , vol.282 , pp. 476-480
    • Wang, R.1    Doolan, D.L.2    Le, T.P.3    Hedstrom, R.C.4    Coonan, K.M.5    Charoenvit, Y.6
  • 8
    • 0005457558 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • First human trial of a DNA-based vaccine for treatment of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection: Safety and host response
    • [8] MacGregor RR, Boyer JD, Ugen KE, Lacy KE, Gluckman SJ, Bagarazzi ML et al. First human trial of a DNA-based vaccine for treatment of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection: safety and host response. J Infect Dis 1998; 178: 92-100.
    • (1998) J Infect Dis , vol.178 , pp. 92-100
    • MacGregor, R.R.1    Boyer, J.D.2    Ugen, K.E.3    Lacy, K.E.4    Gluckman, S.J.5    Bagarazzi, M.L.6
  • 10
    • 0023689067 scopus 로고
    • In vitro augmentation of natural killer cell activity and production of interferon-alpha/beta and -gamma with deoxyribonucleic acid fraction from Mycobacterium bovis BCG
    • [10] Yamamoto S, Kuramoto E, Shimada S, Tokunaga T. In vitro augmentation of natural killer cell activity and production of interferon-alpha/beta and -gamma with deoxyribonucleic acid fraction from Mycobacterium bovis BCG. Jpn J Cancer Res 1988; 79: 866-73.
    • (1988) Jpn J Cancer Res , vol.79 , pp. 866-873
    • Yamamoto, S.1    Kuramoto, E.2    Shimada, S.3    Tokunaga, T.4
  • 11
    • 0021957292 scopus 로고
    • Antitumor activity of the DNA fraction from Mycobacterium bovis BCG. II. Effects on various syngeneic mouse tumors
    • [11] Shimada S, Yano O, Inoue H, Kuramoto E, Fukuda T, Yamamoto H et al. Antitumor activity of the DNA fraction from Mycobacterium bovis BCG. II. Effects on various syngeneic mouse tumors. J Natl Cancer Inst 1985; 74: 681-8.
    • (1985) J Natl Cancer Inst , vol.74 , pp. 681-688
    • Shimada, S.1    Yano, O.2    Inoue, H.3    Kuramoto, E.4    Fukuda, T.5    Yamamoto, H.6
  • 12
    • 0029670726 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IFN-gamma promotes IL-6 and IgM secretion in response to CpG motifs in bacterial DNA and oligodeoxynucleotides
    • [12] Yi AK, Chace JH, Cowdery JS, Krieg AM. IFN-gamma promotes IL-6 and IgM secretion in response to CpG motifs in bacterial DNA and oligodeoxynucleotides. J Immunol 1996; 156: 558-64.
    • (1996) J Immunol , vol.156 , pp. 558-564
    • Yi, A.K.1    Chace, J.H.2    Cowdery, J.S.3    Krieg, A.M.4
  • 13
    • 0026556987 scopus 로고
    • Synthetic oligonucleotides with particular base sequences from the cDNA encoding proteins of Mycobacterium bovis BCG induce interferons and activate natural killer cells
    • [13] Tokunaga T, Yano O, Kuramoto E, Kimura Y, Yamamoto T, Kataoka T et al. Synthetic oligonucleotides with particular base sequences from the cDNA encoding proteins of Mycobacterium bovis BCG induce interferons and activate natural killer cells. Microbiol Immunol 1992; 36: 55-66.
    • (1992) Microbiol Immunol , vol.36 , pp. 55-66
    • Tokunaga, T.1    Yano, O.2    Kuramoto, E.3    Kimura, Y.4    Yamamoto, T.5    Kataoka, T.6
  • 14
    • 0029934754 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bacterial DNA induces NK cells to produce IFN-gamma in vivo and increases the toxicity of lipopolysaccharides
    • [14] Cowdery JS, Chace JH, Yi AK, Krieg AM. Bacterial DNA induces NK cells to produce IFN-gamma in vivo and increases the toxicity of lipopolysaccharides. J Immunol 1996; 156: 4570-5.
    • (1996) J Immunol , vol.156 , pp. 4570-4575
    • Cowdery, J.S.1    Chace, J.H.2    Yi, A.K.3    Krieg, A.M.4
  • 16
    • 0022540321 scopus 로고
    • CpG-rich islands and the function of DNA methylation
    • [16] Bird AP. CpG-rich islands and the function of DNA methylation. Nature 1986; 321: 209-13.
    • (1986) Nature , vol.321 , pp. 209-213
    • Bird, A.P.1
  • 17
    • 0031569601 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contribution of CpG motifs to the immunogenicity of DNA vaccines
    • [17] Klinman DM, Yamshchikov G, Ishigatsubo Y. Contribution of CpG motifs to the immunogenicity of DNA vaccines. J Immunol 1997; 158: 3635-9.
    • (1997) J Immunol , vol.158 , pp. 3635-3639
    • Klinman, D.M.1    Yamshchikov, G.2    Ishigatsubo, Y.3
  • 18
    • 8944253295 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunostimulatory DNA sequences necessary for effective intradermal gene immunization
    • [18] Sato Y, Roman M, Tighe H, Lee D, Corr M, Nguyen MD et al. Immunostimulatory DNA sequences necessary for effective intradermal gene immunization. Science 1996; 273: 352-4.
    • (1996) Science , vol.273 , pp. 352-354
    • Sato, Y.1    Roman, M.2    Tighe, H.3    Lee, D.4    Corr, M.5    Nguyen, M.D.6
  • 19
    • 0032125838 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of DNA sequence on the immunostimulatory properties of plasmid DNA vectors
    • [19] Wloch MK, Pasquini S, Ertl HC, Pisetsky DS. The influence of DNA sequence on the immunostimulatory properties of plasmid DNA vectors. Hum Gene Ther 1998; 9: 1439-47.
    • (1998) Hum Gene Ther , vol.9 , pp. 1439-1447
    • Wloch, M.K.1    Pasquini, S.2    Ertl, H.C.3    Pisetsky, D.S.4
  • 21
    • 0030205135 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An innate immune defense mechanism based on the recognition of CpG motifs in microbial DNA
    • [21] Krieg AM. An innate immune defense mechanism based on the recognition of CpG motifs in microbial DNA. J Lab Clin Med 1996; 128: 128-33.
    • (1996) J Lab Clin Med , vol.128 , pp. 128-133
    • Krieg, A.M.1
  • 22
    • 0030589385 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapid immune activation by CpG motifs in bacterial DNA. Systemic induction of IL-6 transcription through an antioxidant-sensitive pathway
    • [22] Yi AK, Klinman DM, Martin TL, Matson S, Krieg AM. Rapid immune activation by CpG motifs in bacterial DNA. Systemic induction of IL-6 transcription through an antioxidant-sensitive pathway. J Immunol 1996; 157: 5394-402.
    • (1996) J Immunol , vol.157 , pp. 5394-5402
    • Yi, A.K.1    Klinman, D.M.2    Martin, T.L.3    Matson, S.4    Krieg, A.M.5
  • 23
    • 0032526607 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CpG oligodeoxyribonucleotides rescue mature spleen B cells from spontaneous apoptosis and promote cell cycle entry
    • [23] Yi AK, Chang M, Peckham DW, Krieg AM, Ashman RF. CpG oligodeoxyribonucleotides rescue mature spleen B cells from spontaneous apoptosis and promote cell cycle entry. J Immunol 1998; 160: 5898-906.
    • (1998) J Immunol , vol.160 , pp. 5898-5906
    • Yi, A.K.1    Chang, M.2    Peckham, D.W.3    Krieg, A.M.4    Ashman, R.F.5
  • 24
    • 0030240062 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Macrophages ingest and are activated by bacterial DNA
    • [24] Stacey KJ, Sweet MJ, Hume DA. Macrophages ingest and are activated by bacterial DNA. J Immunol 1996; 157: 2116-22.
    • (1996) J Immunol , vol.157 , pp. 2116-2122
    • Stacey, K.J.1    Sweet, M.J.2    Hume, D.A.3
  • 26
    • 0031867535 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bacterial DNA and immunostimulatory CpG oligonucleotides trigger maturation and activation of murine dendritic cells
    • [26] Sparwasser T, Koch ES, Vabulas RM, Heeg K, Lipford GB, Ellwart JW et al. Bacterial DNA and immunostimulatory CpG oligonucleotides trigger maturation and activation of murine dendritic cells. Eur J Immunol 1998; 28: 2045-54.
    • (1998) Eur J Immunol , vol.28 , pp. 2045-2054
    • Sparwasser, T.1    Koch, E.S.2    Vabulas, R.M.3    Heeg, K.4    Lipford, G.B.5    Ellwart, J.W.6
  • 27
    • 0032531036 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activation of cutaneous dendritic cells by CpG-containing oligodeoxynucleotides: A role for dendritic cells in the augmentation of Th1 responses by immunostimulatory DNA
    • [27] Jakob T, Walker PS, Krieg AM, Udey MC, Vogel JC. Activation of cutaneous dendritic cells by CpG-containing oligodeoxynucleotides: a role for dendritic cells in the augmentation of Th1 responses by immunostimulatory DNA. J Immunol 1998; 161: 3042-9.
    • (1998) J Immunol , vol.161 , pp. 3042-3049
    • Jakob, T.1    Walker, P.S.2    Krieg, A.M.3    Udey, M.C.4    Vogel, J.C.5
  • 28
    • 0030239828 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Induction of NK activity in murine and human cells by CpG motifs in oligodeoxynucleotides and bacterial DNA
    • [28] Ballas ZK, Rasmussen WL, Krieg AM. Induction of NK activity in murine and human cells by CpG motifs in oligodeoxynucleotides and bacterial DNA. J Immunol 1996; 157: 1840-5.
    • (1996) J Immunol , vol.157 , pp. 1840-1845
    • Ballas, Z.K.1    Rasmussen, W.L.2    Krieg, A.M.3
  • 29
    • 0032209286 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CpG DNA is a potent enhancer of systemic and mucosal immune responses against hepatitis B surface antigen with intranasal administration to mice
    • [29] McCluskie MJ, Davis HL. CpG DNA is a potent enhancer of systemic and mucosal immune responses against hepatitis B surface antigen with intranasal administration to mice. J Immunol 1998; 161: 4463-6.
    • (1998) J Immunol , vol.161 , pp. 4463-4466
    • McCluskie, M.J.1    Davis, H.L.2
  • 30
    • 0030764558 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunostimulatory DNA sequences function as T helper-1-promoting adjuvants
    • [30] Roman M, Martin Orozco E, Goodman JS, Nguyen MD, Sato Y, Ronaghy A et al. Immunostimulatory DNA sequences function as T helper-1-promoting adjuvants [see comments]. Nat Med 1997; 3: 849-54.
    • (1997) Nat Med , vol.3 , pp. 849-854
    • Roman, M.1    Martin Orozco, E.2    Goodman, J.S.3    Nguyen, M.D.4    Sato, Y.5    Ronaghy, A.6
  • 31
    • 0031215046 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The preferential induction of a Th1 immune response by DNA-based immunization is mediated by the immunostimulatory effect of plasmid DNA
    • [31] Leclerc C, Deriaud E, Rojas M, Whalen RG. The preferential induction of a Th1 immune response by DNA-based immunization is mediated by the immunostimulatory effect of plasmid DNA. Cell Immunol 1997; 179: 97-106.
    • (1997) Cell Immunol , vol.179 , pp. 97-106
    • Leclerc, C.1    Deriaud, E.2    Rojas, M.3    Whalen, R.G.4
  • 32
    • 0030613651 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CpG oligodeoxynucleotides act as adjuvants that switch on T helper 1 (Th1) immunity
    • [32] Chu RS, Targoni OS, Krieg AM, Lehmann PV, Harding CV. CpG oligodeoxynucleotides act as adjuvants that switch on T helper 1 (Th1) immunity. J Exp Med 1997; 186: 1623-31.
    • (1997) J Exp Med , vol.186 , pp. 1623-1631
    • Chu, R.S.1    Targoni, O.S.2    Krieg, A.M.3    Lehmann, P.V.4    Harding, C.V.5
  • 33
    • 0031964257 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CpG DNA is a potent enhancer of specific immunity in mice immunized with recombinant hepatitis B surface antigen
    • [33] Davis HL, Weeranta R, Waldschmidt TJ, Tygrett L, Schorr J, Krieg AM. CpG DNA is a potent enhancer of specific immunity in mice immunized with recombinant hepatitis B surface antigen. J Immunol 1998; 160: 870-6.
    • (1998) J Immunol , vol.160 , pp. 870-876
    • Davis, H.L.1    Weeranta, R.2    Waldschmidt, T.J.3    Tygrett, L.4    Schorr, J.5    Krieg, A.M.6
  • 34
    • 0031093543 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Different T helper cell types and antibody isotypes generated by saline and gene gun DNA immunization
    • [34] Feltquate DM, Heaney S, Webster RG, Robinson HL. Different T helper cell types and antibody isotypes generated by saline and gene gun DNA immunization. J Immunol 1997; 158: 2278-84.
    • (1997) J Immunol , vol.158 , pp. 2278-2284
    • Feltquate, D.M.1    Heaney, S.2    Webster, R.G.3    Robinson, H.L.4
  • 37
    • 0026000528 scopus 로고
    • Modulation of MHC class II antigen expression in human myoblasts after treatment with IFN-gamma
    • [37] Mantegazza R, Hughes SM, Mitchell D, Travis M, Blau HM, Steinman L. Modulation of MHC class II antigen expression in human myoblasts after treatment with IFN-gamma [see comments]. Neurology 1991; 41: 1128-32.
    • (1991) Neurology , vol.41 , pp. 1128-1132
    • Mantegazza, R.1    Hughes, S.M.2    Mitchell, D.3    Travis, M.4    Blau, H.M.5    Steinman, L.6
  • 38
    • 0025318137 scopus 로고
    • Dendritic cells stimulate primary human cytolytic lymphocyte responses in the absence of CD4+ helper T cells
    • [38] Young JW, Steinman RM. Dendritic cells stimulate primary human cytolytic lymphocyte responses in the absence of CD4+ helper T cells. Journal of Experimental Medicine 1990; 171: 1315-32.
    • (1990) Journal of Experimental Medicine , vol.171 , pp. 1315-1332
    • Young, J.W.1    Steinman, R.M.2
  • 39
    • 0028060149 scopus 로고
    • Intradermal gene immunization: The possible role of DNA uptake in the induction of cellular immunity to viruses
    • [39] Raz E, Carson DA, Parker SE, Parr TB, Abai AM, Aichinger G et al. Intradermal gene immunization: the possible role of DNA uptake in the induction of cellular immunity to viruses. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1994; 91: 9519-23.
    • (1994) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.91 , pp. 9519-9523
    • Raz, E.1    Carson, D.A.2    Parker, S.E.3    Parr, T.B.4    Abai, A.M.5    Aichinger, G.6
  • 40
    • 0032526344 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Specific immune induction following DNA-based immunization through in vivo transfection and activation of macrophages/antigen-presenting cells
    • [40] Chattergoon MA, Robinson TM, Boyer JD, Weiner DB. Specific immune induction following DNA-based immunization through in vivo transfection and activation of macrophages/antigen-presenting cells. J Immunol 1998; 160: 5707-18.
    • (1998) J Immunol , vol.160 , pp. 5707-5718
    • Chattergoon, M.A.1    Robinson, T.M.2    Boyer, J.D.3    Weiner, D.B.4
  • 41
    • 0030698310 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antigen presentation by dendritic cells after immunization with DNA enoding a major histocompatibility complex class II-restricted viral epitope
    • [41] Casares S, Inaba K, Brumeanu T-D, Steinman RM, Bona CA. Antigen presentation by dendritic cells after immunization with DNA enoding a major histocompatibility complex class II-restricted viral epitope. J Exp Med 1997; 186: 1481-6.
    • (1997) J Exp Med , vol.186 , pp. 1481-1486
    • Casares, S.1    Inaba, K.2    Brumeanu, T.-D.3    Steinman, R.M.4    Bona, C.A.5
  • 42
    • 0031569459 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enhancement of cell-mediated immunity against HIV-1 induced by coinnoculation of plasmid-encoded HIV-1 antigen with plasmid expressing IL-12
    • [42] Tsuji T, Hamajima K, Fukushima J, Xin KQ, Ishii N, Aoki I et al. Enhancement of cell-mediated immunity against HIV-1 induced by coinnoculation of plasmid-encoded HIV-1 antigen with plasmid expressing IL-12. J Immunol 1997; 158: 4008-13.
    • (1997) J Immunol , vol.158 , pp. 4008-4013
    • Tsuji, T.1    Hamajima, K.2    Fukushima, J.3    Xin, K.Q.4    Ishii, N.5    Aoki, I.6
  • 43
    • 0030845852 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Amplification of T-cell and antibody responses in DNA-based immunization with HIV-1 Nef by co-injection with a GM-CSF expression vector
    • [43] Svanholm C, Lowenadler B, Wigzell H. Amplification of T-cell and antibody responses in DNA-based immunization with HIV-1 Nef by co-injection with a GM-CSF expression vector. Scand J Immunol 1997; 46: 298-303.
    • (1997) Scand J Immunol , vol.46 , pp. 298-303
    • Svanholm, C.1    Lowenadler, B.2    Wigzell, H.3
  • 44
    • 0031569963 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enhanced CTL responses mediated by plasmid DNA immunogens encoding costimulatory molecules and cytokines
    • [44] Iwasaki A, Stiernholm BJ, Chan AK, Berinstein NL, Barber BH. Enhanced CTL responses mediated by plasmid DNA immunogens encoding costimulatory molecules and cytokines. J Immunol 1997; 158:4591-601.
    • (1997) J Immunol , vol.158 , pp. 4591-4601
    • Iwasaki, A.1    Stiernholm, B.J.2    Chan, A.K.3    Berinstein, N.L.4    Barber, B.H.5
  • 45
    • 0032568415 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enhanced responses to a DNA vaccine encoding a fusion antigen that is directed to sites of immune induction
    • [45] Boyle JS, Brady JL, Lew AM. Enhanced responses to a DNA vaccine encoding a fusion antigen that is directed to sites of immune induction. Nature 1998;392:408-11.
    • (1998) Nature , vol.392 , pp. 408-411
    • Boyle, J.S.1    Brady, J.L.2    Lew, A.M.3
  • 46
    • 0029737350 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Induction of cytotoxic T lymphocytes by intramuscular immunization with plasmid DNA is facilitated by bone marrow-derived cells
    • [46] Doe B, Selby M, Barnett S, Baenziger J, Walker CM. Induction of cytotoxic T lymphocytes by intramuscular immunization with plasmid DNA is facilitated by bone marrow-derived cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1996;93:8578-83.
    • (1996) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.93 , pp. 8578-8583
    • Doe, B.1    Selby, M.2    Barnett, S.3    Baenziger, J.4    Walker, C.M.5
  • 47
    • 0029812040 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Constitutive class I-restricted exogenous presentation of self anti-gens in vivo
    • [47] Kurts C, Heath WR, Carbone FR, Allison J, Miller JF, Kosaka H. Constitutive class I-restricted exogenous presentation of self anti-gens in vivo. J Exp Med 1996;184:923-30.
    • (1996) J Exp Med , vol.184 , pp. 923-930
    • Kurts, C.1    Heath, W.R.2    Carbone, F.R.3    Allison, J.4    Miller, J.F.5    Kosaka, H.6
  • 48
    • 0030820743 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Priming of cytotoxic T lymphocytes by DNA vaccines: Requirement for professional antigen presenting cells and evidence for antigen transfer from myocytes
    • [48] Fu TM, Ulmer JB, Caulfield MJ, Deck RR, Friedman A, Wang S et al. Priming of cytotoxic T lymphocytes by DNA vaccines: requirement for professional antigen presenting cells and evidence for antigen transfer from myocytes. Mol Med 1997; 3: 362-71.
    • (1997) Mol Med , vol.3 , pp. 362-371
    • Fu, T.M.1    Ulmer, J.B.2    Caulfield, M.J.3    Deck, R.R.4    Friedman, A.5    Wang, S.6
  • 49
    • 0030802502 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expression of a viral protein by muscle cells in vivo induces protective cell-mediated immunity
    • [49] Ulmer JB, Deck RR, DeWitt CM, Fu TM, Donnelly JJ, Caulfield MJ et al. Expression of a viral protein by muscle cells in vivo induces protective cell-mediated immunity. Vaccine 1997; 15: 839-41.
    • (1997) Vaccine , vol.15 , pp. 839-841
    • Ulmer, J.B.1    Deck, R.R.2    DeWitt, C.M.3    Fu, T.M.4    Donnelly, J.J.5    Caulfield, M.J.6
  • 50
    • 0032032220 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contribution of cells at the site of DNA vaccination to the generation of antigen-specific immunity and memory
    • [50] Klinman DM, Sechler JM, Conover J, Gu M, Rosenberg AS. Contribution of cells at the site of DNA vaccination to the generation of antigen-specific immunity and memory. J Immunol 1998; 160: 2388-92.
    • (1998) J Immunol , vol.160 , pp. 2388-2392
    • Klinman, D.M.1    Sechler, J.M.2    Conover, J.3    Gu, M.4    Rosenberg, A.S.5
  • 51
    • 0029820526 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DNA-based immunization by in vivo transfection of dendritic cells
    • [51] Condon C, Watkins SC, Celluzzi CM, Thompson K, Falo LD, Jr. DNA-based immunization by in vivo transfection of dendritic cells. Nat Med 1996; 2: 1122-8.
    • (1996) Nat Med , vol.2 , pp. 1122-1128
    • Condon, C.1    Watkins, S.C.2    Celluzzi, C.M.3    Thompson, K.4    Falo, L.D.5
  • 52
    • 0025089341 scopus 로고
    • Systemic migration of dendritic cells during contact sensitization
    • [52] Hill S, Edwards AJ, Kimber I, Knight SC. Systemic migration of dendritic cells during contact sensitization. Immunology 1990; 71: 277-81.
    • (1990) Immunology , vol.71 , pp. 277-281
    • Hill, S.1    Edwards, A.J.2    Kimber, I.3    Knight, S.C.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.