Flood basalts, basalt floods or topless bushvelds? Lunar petrogenesis revisited

Journal of Petrology

Volumn 41, Issue 11, 2000, Pages 1545-1651

  O'Hara, M J ^a  

^a CARDIFF UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Basalt; Europium; Highland; Lunar; Magma ocean

Indexed keywords

BASALT; FLOOD BASALT; LUNAR CRUST; LUNAR MANTLE; MOON; PETROGENESIS;

EID: 0033668226     PISSN: 00223530     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/petrology/41.11.1545     Document Type: Article

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108. A thermal model for the differentiation of asteroid 4 Vesta, based on radiogenic heating
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111. Overview of the Mars Pathfinder mission and assessment of landing site predictions
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127. Tungsten isotopes and the early development of the Earth and Moon
128. Bushveld complex-a product of impacts?
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130. Zone refining and the origin of potassic basalts
131. Trace elements and magma genesis
132. Nickel partitioning between olivine and silicate melt
133. Trace element composition of Luna 24 Crisium VLT basalt
134. Test of a model for trace element partition during closed system solidification of a silicate liquid
135. Lunar chemistry
136. Compositional dispersions in lunar and terrestrial basalts
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138. Magma differentiation and mineralization in the Siberian continental flood basalts
139. Large igneous provinces: A planetary perspective
140. Alphonsus-type dark-halo craters: Morphology, morphometry and eruption conditions
141. Regional stratigraphy and geologic history of Mare Crisium
142. Geophysical and geochemical evolution of the lunar magma ocean
143. Phase equilibrium constraints on the origin of basalts, picrites and komatiites
144. The Bishop Tuff: Evidence for the origin of compositional zonation in silicic magma chambers
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146. A possible role for garnet pyroxenite in the origin of the 'garnet signature' in MORB
147. The effect of oxygen fugacity and temperature on nickel, cobalt and molybdenum in silicate melts
148. The Columbia River flood basalt province: Current status
149. Formation of cycloidal features on Europa
150. How thick are mare basalt?
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153. Geology of Hadley Rille
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158. The differentiation of the Skaergaard intrusion
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171. The character of the lower crust and upper mantle beneath the Hawaiian Islands
172. Petrology of the western Reykjanes Peninsula, Iceland
173. Differentiation of ascending basic magma
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175. Potassium and associated elements in tholeiitic basalts
176. Melting in the oceanic upper mantle: An ion-microprobe study of diopsides in abyssal peridotites
177. The Galilean satellites
178. Lithologic distribution and geologic history of the Apollo 17 site: The record in soils and small rock particles from the highland massifs
179. New views of the moon: Improved understanding through data integration
180. Petrology and geochemistry of Cretaceous ultramafic volcanics from Eastern Kamchatka
181. The volcanology of venera and VEGA landing sites and the geochemistry of Venus
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184. Explosive volcanism and the composition of cores of differentiated asteroids
185. Mineralogy, petrology and chemistry of some Apollo 12 samples
186. The geochemistry and petrogenesis of the late-cretaceous picrites and basalts of Curacao, Netherlands antilles: A remnant of an oceanic plateau
187. Mare basalt petrogenesis-a review of experimental studies
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191. Early archaean spherule beds in the Barberton Mountain Land, South Africa-no evidence for impact origin
192. Improved gravity field of the moon from lunar prospector
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195. A multi-emission imaging study of the Io plasma torus
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204. On the core of the moon
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207. Geochemistry of Tertiary tholeiites and picrites from Qeqertarssuaq (Disko Island) and Nausuaq, West Greenland with implications for the mineral potential of comagmatic inclusions
208. Petrology and geochemistry of lithic fragments separated from the Apollo 15 deep-drill core
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212. Magma oceanography: 2. Chemical evolution and crustal formation
213. Phase equilibria constraints on angrite petrogenesis
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215. Complex igneous processes and the formation of the primitive lunar crustal rocks
216. The petrology of Apollo 17 mare basalts
217. Hot spots on Io: Initial results from Galileo's near infrared mapping spectrometer
218. A close-up look at Io from Galileo's near-infrared mapping spectrometer
219. Recognising mercurian meteorites
220. Early archaean silicate spherules of probable impact origin
221. 2 content of the lunar surface
222. Genesis of Apollo 15 olivine normative mare basalts: Trace element correlations
223. Geochemical aspects of permeability controlled partial melting and fractional crystallisation
224. Magma accumulation in Hawaiian plume sources
225. P-T phase relations of a primary oceanite from the Reykjanes Peninsula, Iceland
226. Origin of the lunar maria
227. Stratigraphy and age of Karoo basalts of Lesotho and implications for correlations within the Karoo igneous province
228. A pristine eucrite-like gabbro from descartes and its exotic kindred
229. Precise determination of rare-earth elements in the Apollo 14 and 15 samples
230. Effects of assimilation
231. The differentiation of the skaergaard intrusion
232. Crystallisation and layering of the skaergaard intrusion
233. High temperature hotspots on Io as seen by the galileo solid state imaging (SSI) experiment
234. High temperature silicate volcanism on Jupiter's moon, Io
235. Galileo at Io: Results from high-resolution imaging
236. The lunar regolith
237. The generation and compaction of partial melts
238. 238U disequilibrium and the melting process beneath ridge axes
239. The extraction of magma from the crust and mantle
240. The generation of martian floods by the melting of ground ice above dykes
241. Partial melt distributions from inversion of rare earth element concentrations
242. Martian meteorites
243. Chemical, multispectral, and textural constraints on the composition and origin of rocks at the Mars Pathfinder landing site
244. Basaltic nuees ardentes of Ulawun Volcano, New Britain
245. Thorium concentrations in the lunar surface I: Regional values and crustal content
246. Ion microprobe analyses of aluminous lunar glasses: A test of the 'rock type' hypothesis
247. Cumulate gabbros from the Southwest Indian Ridge, 54 degrees S-7 degrees 16'E; implications for magmatic processes at a slow spreading ridge
248. 2 system at 3.0 GPa: The aluminous pyroxene thermal divide and high pressure fractionation of picritic and komatiitic magmas
249. The lunar magma ocean: A transient lunar phenomenon
250. Crystallization of a lunar magma ocean
251. Systematic use of trace elements in igneous processes: Part III: Inverse problem of batch partial melting in volcanic suites
252. Systematic use of trace elements in igneous processes: Part II. Fractional crystallisation processes in volcanic suites
253. Geochemistry and genesis of the angrites
254. Non-chondritic meteorites from asteroidal bodies
255. Evidence for excavation of deep crustal material of a Vesta-like body from Ca compositional gradients in pyroxene
256. Topographic evidence for shield volcanism on Io
257. Measurement of the effects of oxygen on the oxidation states of europium in silicate glasses
258. Adcumulus growth of anorthosites at the base of the lunar crust
259. Thermal structure of crystallizing magma with two phase convection
260. Convection and adcumulus growth
261. Origin of earliest planetary crust: Role of compositional convection
262. A discussion of Hunter and Sparks (Contrib Mineral Petrol 95: 451-461)
263. Behaviour of a perched crystal layer in a magma ocean
264. Kiglapait geochemistry VII: Yttrium and the rare earth elements
265. Basalts from the northern part of the rift zone of the Mid-Atlantic ridge
266. Properties of some common igneous rocks and their melts at high temperatures
267. Controls on the composition of Ni-Cu sulfide deposits as illustrated by those at Noril'sk, Siberia
268. Vaporization from heated lunar samples and the investigation of lunar erosion by volatilized alkalis
269. The nature and effect of the volatile cloud produced by volcanic and impact events on the Moon as derived from a terrestrial model
270. Geochemical consequences of melt percolation: The upper mantle as a chromatographic column
271. High alumina (HA) and very high potassium (VHK) basalt clasts from Apollo 14 breccias, part 2-whole rock geochemistry: Further evidence for combined assimilation and fractional crystallization within the lunar crust
272. The Ontong-Java plateau
273. Lunar cratering
274. Mantle melting and melt extraction processes beneath ocean ridges: Evidence from abyssal peridotites
275. Comments on some misconceptions in igneous and experimental petrology and methodology: A reply
276. Sudbury igneous complex: Impact melt or endogenous magma? Implications for lunar crustal evolution
277. Glasses in the Luna 24 core and petrogenesis of ferrobasalts
278. The geology and geochemistry of ophiolitic rocks exposed at Ming's Bight, Newfoundland
279. The Ronda peridotite: Garnet-, spinel- and plagioclase-lherzolite facies and the P-T trajectories of a high temperature mantle intrusion
280. Primary magmas and the origin of basalts
281. The bearing of phase equilibria studies on the origin and evolution of igneous rocks
282. Are ocean floor basalts primary magmas?
283. The origin of eclogite and ariegite nodules in basalt
284. 3 and the nature of thermal divides
285. Volatilization losses from lunar lava 14310
286. Geochemical evolution during fractional crystallization of a periodically refilled magma chamber
287. Non-linear nature of the unavoidable long-lived isotopic, trace and major element contamination of a developing magma chamber
288. Importance of the 'shape' of the melting regime during partial melting of the mantle
289. Trace element geochemical effects of imperfect crystal-liquid separation
290. Superimposing magma chamber and melting regime processes: How easy is it to (mis)interpret the liquid products?
291. Trace element geochemical effects of integrated melt extraction and 'shaped' melting regimes
292. Imperfect melt separation, finite increment size and source region flow during fractional melting and the generation of reversed or subdued discrimination of incompatible elements
293. Volcanic plumbing and the space problem-thermal and geochemical consequences of large-scale assimilation in ocean island development
294. Flood basalts and lunar petrogenesis
295. 2 at atmospheric pressure and their bearing on the genesis of melilitites and nephelinites
296. A point of phase equilibrium interpretation in connection with lavas from the Apollo 12 site
297. Evolution of mare basalts
298. Comment on 'Mare basalt petrogenesis-a review of experimental studies'
299. The highly compatible trace element paradox-fractional crystallization revisited
300. Geochemical effects of small packet crystallization in large magma chambers-further resolution of the highly compatible element paradox
301. Analysis of composition variations in high titanium basalts and related materials
302. Gravitational separation of quenching crystals: A cause of chemical differentiation in lunar basalts
303. Problems of iron gain and iron loss during experimentation on natural rocks: The experimental crystallization of five lunar basalts at low pressure
304. Geochemical evolution in an advancing, periodically replenished, periodically tapped, continuously fractionated magma chamber
305. The join diopside-pyrope at atmospheric pressure
306. Partial melting of the mantle
307. Formation and fractionation of basic magmas at high pressure
308. Experimental petrology of lunar material: The nature of mascons, seas and the lunar interior
309. The nature of seas, mascons and the lunar interior in the light of experimental studies
310. Garnet-peridotite stability and occurrence in crust and mantle
311. Plagioclase saturation in lunar high-titanium basalt
312. Petrogenesis of mare basalts: Implications for chemical, mineralogical and thermal models for the Moon
313. Garnet-peridotite, primary ultrabasic magma and eclogite: Interpretation of upper mantle processes in kimberlite
314. Minor phases as trace element carriers in non-modal crystal-liquid processes: Bearing on behaviour of REE, U, Th and the PGE in igneous melts and residues
315. Impact-induced melting of planetary surfaces
316. Similar explosive eruptions of lunar and terrestrial volcanoes
317. Lunar differentiation processes as characterized by trace element abundances
318. Lunar materials
319. An expert system for the tectonic characterization of ancient volcanic rocks
320. Tectonic setting of basic volcanic rocks determined using trace element analysis
321. A role for lower continental crust in flood basalt genesis? Isotopic and incompatible element study of the lower six formations of the Western Deccan traps
322. Basalts of the northeastern Deccan Traps, India: Isotopic and elemental geochemistry and relation to southwestern Deccan stratigraphy
323. Volcanism in the Noachis-Hellas region of Mars, 2
324. Mare basalt types on the front side of the Moon
325. Composition of the Lunar Highlands crust from near-infrared spectroscopy
326. Optical effects of space weathering
327. Crustal diversity of the Moon: Compositional analyses of Galileo solid state imaging data
328. The Tempe igneous province of Mars and comparisons with the Snake River Plains of Idaho
329. Geology of the small Tharsis volcanoes: Jovus Tholus, Ulysses Patera, Biblis Patera, Mars
330. Composition and origin of lithic fragments and glasses in Apollo 11 lunar samples
331. REE characteristics of ocean floor basalts from the MAR 37°N (Leg 37 DSDP)
332. Emplacement dynamics of a large mafic intrusion in the lower crust, Ivrea-Verbano zone, northern Italy
333. On the partition coefficient of tungsten between metal and silicate and its bearing on the origin of the Moon
334. A comparison of two accretional heating models
335. An analysis of the Mariner 10 color ratio map of Mercury
336. Luna 16 revisited: The case for aluminous basalts (abstract)
337. The major element composition of lunar rocks as inferred from glass compositions in the lunar soil
338. Some compositional aspects of lunar regolith evolution
339. Homogeneity of lava flows: Chemical data for historic Mauna Loan eruptions
340. Geochemical stratigraphy of lava flows sampled by the Hawaii Scientific Drilling Project
341. Chemistry of Apollo 11 low-K mare basalts
342. Apollo 11 breccias and soils: Aluminous mare basalts or multi-component mixtures?
343. Chemistry of Apollo 12 basalts: Magma types and fractionation processes
344. Magma mixing at mid ocean ridges, evidence from basalts drilled near 22°N on the Mid Atlantic Ridge
345. New evidence for impact origin of the Bushveld Complex, South Africa
346. Flood basalts and hot spot tracks: Plume heads and tails
347. The chemical composition of the Martian soil and rocks returned by the mobile Alpha Proton X-Ray spectrometer: Preliminary results from the X-ray mode
348. Core formation in Earth's Moon, Mars and Vesta
349. A magma ocean on Vesta: Core formation and petrogenesis of eucrites and diogenites
350. Melting relationships of Ni-Mg olivines and some geochemical implications
351. Mariner 10 multispectral images of the eastern limb and farside of the moon
352. Melt inclusions in Luna 24 soil fragments
353. Olivine-liquid equilibrium
354. Classification of mafic clasts from mesosiderites: Implications for endogenous igneous processes
355. Evolutionary history of the mesosiderite asteroid: A chronologic and petrologic synthesis
356. Vesta as the howardite, eucrite and diogenite parent body: Implications for the size of a core and for large scale differentation
357. Modeling the three-dimensional structure of macroscopic magma transport systems: Application to Kilauea volcano, Hawaii
358. Confidence in time of the Imbrium basin impact and Apollo 15 KREEP volcanic flows: The case for impact induced melting
359. On the origin of Luna 24 basalts and soils
360. Sulfur flows on Io
361. Oxygen fugacity and other thermochemical parameters of Apollo 17 high-Ti basalts and their implication on the reduction mechanism
362. Oxygen fugacity of basaltic magmas and the role of gas forming elements
363. The driving mechanism of lunar pyroclastic eruptions inferred from the oxygen fugacity behavior of Apollo 17 orange glass
364. Oxygen fugacity values of Apollo 12, 14 and 15 lunar samples and reduced state of lunar magmas
365. Basalts generated by decompressive adiabatic melting of a mantle plume: A case study from the Isle of Skye, NW Scotland
366. Lava flows in Mare Imbrium: Geologic evaluation from Apollo photography
367. The scarcity of mappable flow lobes on the lunar maria: Unique morphology of the Imbrium flows
368. Geology and topography of Ra Patera. Io, in the Voyager era: Prelude to eruption
369. Redox states of Ti, Zr, Hf, Cr, and Eu in basaltic magmas: An experimental study
370. Global survey of possible subduction sites on Venus
371. The plagioclase-magma density paradox re-examined and the crystallization of Proterozoic anorthosites
372. Mars: A large highland volcanic province revealed by Viking images
373. Siberian traps
374. Trace element fractionation during anatexis
375. The fracture mechanisms of magma transport from the mantle to the surface
376. Eruption and flow rates of flood basalts
377. Magmatic evolution of the Moon
378. The planetary sample suite and environments of origin
379. Temporal changes in the source of flood basalts: Isotopic and trace element evidence from the 1100 Ma old Keweenawan Mamainse point formation, Ontario Canada
380. A partially molten magma ocean
381. The Galilean satellites
382. Chemical evolution of a large mafic intrusion in the lower crust, Ivrea-Verbano zone, northern Italy
383. Science
384. Ash-flow magmatism
385. Progressive differentiation of a growing Moon
386. 39, Sm-Nd and Rb-Sr isottopic studies of group D basalts from the Apollo 11 landing site
387. Ultra-depleted primary melt included in an olivine from the mid-Atlantic ridge
388. The formation conditions of the high-magnesium olivines from the monomineralic fraction of the Luna 24 regolith
389. Magma oceanography: 1. Thermal evolution
390. Postcumulus processes in layered intrusions
391. Io on the eve of the Galileo mission
392. A history of high-temperature Io volcanism: February 1995 to May 1997
393. The Pele plume (Io): Observations with the Hubble Space Telescope
394. 2 in Io's Pele plume
395. Aspects of magma transport
396. Mercury: Evidence for anorthosite and basalt from mid-infrared (7·3-13·5 μ) spectroscopy
397. The large impact process inferred from the geology of lunar multiring basins
398. Global and regional data about the moon
399. The formation of Hadley Rille and implications for the geology of the Apollo 15 region
400. Mare tranquillitatis: Basalt emplacement history and relation to lunar samples
401. Violent silicate volcanism on Io in 1996
402. Volcanic and associated rocks of the New Georgia group, British Solomon Islands
403. The formation of the Sudbury structure, Canada: Towards a unified impact model
404. Experimental petrology of eucritic meteorites
405. A phase diagram for mid-ocean ridge basalts: Preliminary results and implications for petrogenesis
406. Melt density and the average composition of basalt
407. A petrogenetic model of the relationships among achondritic meteorites
408. Volatilization studies on a terrestrial basalt and their applicability to volatilization from the lunar surface
409. Experimental petrology of sample 77135
410. Two lunar meteorites, Yamato-791197 and -82192: REE abundances and geochronological dating
411. Thermal and impact histories of pyroxenes in lunar eucrite-like gabbros and eucrites
412. Luna 24 lithologies: Petrochemical relationships among lithic fragments, mineral fragments, and glasses
413. Lunar rocks
414. Evolution of the lunar highland crust
415. The geochemical evolution of the moon
416. Composition of the Descartes region, lunar highlands
417. Lunar highlands composition: Apennine front
418. Assimillation of crustal xenoliths in a basaltic magma chamber: Sr and Nd isotopic constraints from the Hasvik layered intrusion, Norway
419. Melting behaviour of two Snake River lavas at pressures up to 35 kb
420. Phase equilibria constraints on the genesis and magmatic evolution of oceanic basalts
421. An assessment of the relative roles of crust and mantle in magma genesis: An elemental approach
422. Mineralogy of the lunar crust: Results from Clementine
423. Distribution of materials excavated by the lunar crater Bulliardus and implications for the geologic history of the Nubium region
424. Magma ocean formation due to giant impacts
425. Magma production and migration within the Moon
426. Mantle plumes, flood basalts and thermal models for melt generation beneath continents: Assessment of a conductive heating model and application to the Parana
427. 2O
428. The Apollo 17 drill core: Characterization of the mineral and lithic component (sections 70007, 70008, 70009)
429. The Apollo 17 drill core: Modal petrology and glass chemistry (sections 7007, 70008, 70009)
430. The Apollo 17 drill core: Petrologic systematics and the identification of a possible Tycho component
431. Exploration, samples and recent concepts of the moon
432. The geology and geochemistry of the lower ultramafic unit of the Onverwacht group, and a proposed new class of igneous rocks
433. Evidence of the existence of a mobile peridotite magma
434. Preliminary data on lunar ground brought to Earth by automatic probe 'Luna 16'
435. The geochemistry and petrogenesis of the Agnew intrusion, Canada: A product of S-undersaturated, high-Al and low-Ti tholeiitic magmas
436. Isotopic evidence for a hybrid lower crust formed by magmatic underplating
437. Lunar and terrestrial crust formation
438. Differentiation of a very thick magma body and implications for the source regions of mare basalts
439. Crystallization history of lunar picritic basalt sample 12002: Phase-equilibria and cooling-rate studies
440. Differentiation of an Apollo 12 picrite magma
441. Abyssal tholeiites from the Oceanographer fracture zone II: Phase equilibria and mixing
442. Lengths of lava flows
443. The Apollo 15 regolith: Chemical modeling and mare/highland mixing
444. Sulfur in basaltic magmas
445. Comments on 'Mantle melting and melt extraction processes beneath ocean ridges: Evidence from abyssal peridotites' by Yaoling Niu
446. The ferroan anorthositic suite, the extent of primordial lunar melting, and the bulk composition of the moon
447. Magnesium oxide-iron oxide mass balance constraints and a more detailed model for the relationship between eucrites and diogenites
448. Effects of pressure on the crystallization of a 'chondritic' magma ocean and implications for bulk composition of the moon
449. A multichannel seismic study of lithospheric flexure across the Hawaiian-Emperor seamount chain
450. Magellan observations of the Venera and Vega landing site regions
451. The petrology and petrogenesis of forty-eight flows of Deccan Trap penetrated by borings in western India
452. Occurrence of giant impacts during the growth of the terrestrial planets
453. Magmatism at rift zones; the generation of volcanic continental margins and flood basalts
454. Mantle plumes and flood basalts
455. The genesis of mid-ocean ridge basalt
456. 2+) ratios: Primary liquids from the upper mantle
457. Emplacement and erosion by Archaean komatiite lava flows at Kambalda
458. Thermal and fluid dynamics of komatiitic lavas associated with magmatic Fe-Ni-Cu-(PGE) sulphide deposits
459. Geological constraints on the Precambrian history of the Earth's rotation and the moon's orbit
460. Consequences of explosive eruptions on small solar system bodies: The case of the missing basalts from the aubrite parent body
461. The fate of pyroclasts produced in explosive eruptions on the asteroid 4 Vesta
462. Geologic observations and chronology of eruptive events
463. Isotopic and trace element constraints on mantle and crustal contributions to Siberian continental flood basalts, Noril'sk area, Siberia
464. Chemistry of Kilauea and mauna loa lava in space and time
465. Magma mixing as illustrated by the 1959 eruption, Kilauea volcano, Hawaii
466. Origin of the differentiated and hybrid lavas of Kilauea volcano, Hawaii
467. Chemical variation in Kilauea eruptions 1971-1974
468. Chemical composition of Kilauean east-rift lava 1968-1971
469. The petrogenesis and the physics of the earth
470. The habit of apatite in synthetic systems and igneous rocks
471. Experimental studies of geochemical aspects of impact cratering
472. Gabbroic meteorite Asuka-31: Preliminary examination of a new type of lunar meteorite in the Japanese collection of Antarctic meteorites
473. Evolution of Mauna Kea volcano: Results from the initial phase of the Hawaii scientific drilling project
474. Origin of basalt magmas: An experimental study of natural and synthetic rock systems
475. No sulfur flows on Io
476. Emplacement of long lava flows on planetary surfaces