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(i) For an excellent review on colloid and cluster catalysis, containing catalytic data for many colloids protected by polymers, see: Lewis, L. N. Chem. Rev. 1993, 93, 2693-2730. (j) Schmid, G. In Applied Homogeneous Catalysis with Organometallic Compounds; Cornils, B., Herrmann, W. A., Eds.; VCH: New York, 1996; Vol. 2, p 641. (k) Schmid, G.; Maihack, V.; Lantermann, F.; Peschel, S. J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans. 1996, 589.
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-
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0344038532
-
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note
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-1 and catalyst lifetimes of about 10 000 turnovers. However, no direct comparison of these Pd nanoclusters to a heterogeneous Pd catalyst has been reported.
-
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35
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0000015669
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2. See: Nagata, T.; Pohl, M.; Weiner, H.; Finke, R. G. Inorg. Chem. 1997, 36, 1366.
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37
-
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0344901372
-
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note
-
19c which reveal the simple insight that low concentrations of nanoclusters will be stabilized kinetically towards bimolecular agglomeration.
-
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38
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0032540691
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3, which are active for benzene hydrogenation: Weddle, K. S.; Aiken, J. D., III; Finke, R. G. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 5653-5666.
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0000600954
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Wilcoxon, J. P.; Williamson, R. L.; Baughman, R. J. Phys. Chem. 1993, 98, 9933.
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41
-
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0344901371
-
-
note
-
One of the keys to scaling up our Ir(0) and Rh(0) nanocluster syntheses was the choice of propylene carbonate as the solvent: Aiken, J. D., III; Müller, F.; Finke, R. G. Manuscript in preparation ("Synthesis, Characterization and Catalytic Stability of Polyoxoanion- and Tetrabutyl-ammonium-Stabilized Transition-Metal 'Soluble Analogs of Heterogeneous Catalysts'. Scaled-up Synthesis and Effect of Solvent on the Catalytic Activity and Thermal Stability of Ir(0) Nanoclusters").
-
-
-
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42
-
-
0003601534
-
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Merck & Co: Rahway, NJ
-
Rhodium metal is not attacked by acids and reacts with aqua regia only when finely divided. See: The Merck Index, 9th ed.; Merck & Co: Rahway, NJ, 1976; p 1062.
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44
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0344901369
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note
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14c,30)
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45
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33845377107
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(a) Phosphorous-carbon bond cleavage: Garrou, P. E. Chem. Rev. 1985, 85, 171-185.
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(b) The nonactive forms of Wilkinson's catalyst are well-established, see: Collman, J. P., Hegedus, L. S.; Norton, J. R.; Finke, R. G. Principles and Applications of Organotransition Metal Chemistry; University Science Books: Mill Valley, CA, 1987; p 532.
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0344901368
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note
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1a) double or "multi"layer around the nanoclusters.
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48
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2742614684
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(a) Comuzzi, C.; Dolcetti, G.; Trovarelli, A.; Cavani, R; Trifirò, F.; Llorca, J.; Finke, R. G. Catal. Lett. 1996, 36, 75-79.
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49
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0001608770
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and references therein
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(b) Cavani, F.; Comuzzi, C.; Dolcetti, G.; Etienne, E.; Finke, R. G.; Selleri, G.; Trifirò, F.; Trovarelli, A. J. Catal. 1996, 160, 317-321 and references therein.
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51
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0344469687
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note
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29b
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53
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0345332426
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note
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30b
-
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54
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0344469686
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note
-
- that is not washed away covers and deactivates (or otherwise prevents access to) the more reactive, "naked" supported metal particle's surface.
-
-
-
-
55
-
-
0344469682
-
-
note
-
30b appears to occur with the polyoxoanion- and tetrabutylammonium-stabilized nanoclusters studied herein, that is when they precipitate out of a low-polarity cyclohexane/acetone solution toward the end of the high turnover cyclohexene hydrogenation lifetime experiments.
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56
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85023506728
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3, the H/Ir ratio varies from 1.14 to 2.10 and the CO/Ir ratio varies from 0.84 to 1.78, a variation that is dependent upon the percent metal loading in the sample. McVicker, G. B.; Baker, R. T. K.; Garten, R. L.; Kugler, E. L. J. Catal. 1980, 65, 207.
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