Propylene carbonate stabilized nanostructured palladium clusters as catalysts in Heck reactions

Chemical Communications

Volumn , Issue 16, 1996, Pages 1921-1922

  Reetz, Manfred T ^a   Lohmer, Gunther ^a  

^a MAX PLANCK INSTITUT FÜR KOHLENFORSCHUNG   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0000184683     PISSN: 13597345     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1039/cc9960001921     Document Type: Article

References (33)

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9. Electrochemical fabrication of tetraalkylammonium salt stabilized transition-metal clusters: M. T. Reetz and W. Helbig, J. Am. Chem Soc., 1994, 116, 7401; M. T. Reetz and S. A. Quaiser, Angew. Chem., 1995, 107, 2461; Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl., 1995, 34, 2240; M. T. Reetz, S. A. Quaiser, R. Breinbauer and B. Tesche, Angew. Chem., 1995, 107, 2956; Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl., 1995, 34, 2728; M. T. Reetz, W. Helbig and S. A. Quaiser, Chem. Mater., 1995, 7, 2227.
10. Electrochemical fabrication of tetraalkylammonium salt stabilized transition-metal clusters: M. T. Reetz and W. Helbig, J. Am. Chem Soc., 1994, 116, 7401; M. T. Reetz and S. A. Quaiser, Angew. Chem., 1995, 107, 2461; Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl., 1995, 34, 2240; M. T. Reetz, S. A. Quaiser, R. Breinbauer and B. Tesche, Angew. Chem., 1995, 107, 2956; Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl., 1995, 34, 2728; M. T. Reetz, W. Helbig and S. A. Quaiser, Chem. Mater., 1995, 7, 2227.
11. Electrochemical fabrication of tetraalkylammonium salt stabilized transition-metal clusters: M. T. Reetz and W. Helbig, J. Am. Chem Soc., 1994, 116, 7401; M. T. Reetz and S. A. Quaiser, Angew. Chem., 1995, 107, 2461; Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl., 1995, 34, 2240; M. T. Reetz, S. A. Quaiser, R. Breinbauer and B. Tesche, Angew. Chem., 1995, 107, 2956; Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl., 1995, 34, 2728; M. T. Reetz, W. Helbig and S. A. Quaiser, Chem. Mater., 1995, 7, 2227.
12. Electrochemical fabrication of tetraalkylammonium salt stabilized transition-metal clusters: M. T. Reetz and W. Helbig, J. Am. Chem Soc., 1994, 116, 7401; M. T. Reetz and S. A. Quaiser, Angew. Chem., 1995, 107, 2461; Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl., 1995, 34, 2240; M. T. Reetz, S. A. Quaiser, R. Breinbauer and B. Tesche, Angew. Chem., 1995, 107, 2956; Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl., 1995, 34, 2728; M. T. Reetz, W. Helbig and S. A. Quaiser, Chem. Mater., 1995, 7, 2227.
13. Electrochemical fabrication of tetraalkylammonium salt stabilized transition-metal clusters: M. T. Reetz and W. Helbig, J. Am. Chem Soc., 1994, 116, 7401; M. T. Reetz and S. A. Quaiser, Angew. Chem., 1995, 107, 2461; Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl., 1995, 34, 2240; M. T. Reetz, S. A. Quaiser, R. Breinbauer and B. Tesche, Angew. Chem., 1995, 107, 2956; Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl., 1995, 34, 2728; M. T. Reetz, W. Helbig and S. A. Quaiser, Chem. Mater., 1995, 7, 2227.
14. Electrochemical fabrication of tetraalkylammonium salt stabilized transition-metal clusters: M. T. Reetz and W. Helbig, J. Am. Chem Soc., 1994, 116, 7401; M. T. Reetz and S. A. Quaiser, Angew. Chem., 1995, 107, 2461; Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl., 1995, 34, 2240; M. T. Reetz, S. A. Quaiser, R. Breinbauer and B. Tesche, Angew. Chem., 1995, 107, 2956; Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl., 1995, 34, 2728; M. T. Reetz, W. Helbig and S. A. Quaiser, Chem. Mater., 1995, 7, 2227.
15. Classical electrochemical metal powder formation involving large-sized particles: R. Walker, Chem. Ind., 1980, 260; N. Ibl, Chem.-Ing. Tech., 1964, 36, 601.
16. Classical electrochemical metal powder formation involving large-sized particles: R. Walker, Chem. Ind., 1980, 260; N. Ibl, Chem.-Ing. Tech., 1964, 36, 601.
17. V. V. Grushin and H. Alper, Chem. Rev., 1994, 94, 1047; Y. Ben-David, M. Portnoy, M. Gozin and D. Milstein, Organometallics, 1992, 11, 1995; M. Portnoy, Y. Ben-David, I. Rousso and D. Milstein, Organometallics, 1994, 13, 3465; N. A. Bumagin, P. G. More and I. P. Beletskaya, J. Organomet. Chem., 1989, 371, 397; K. Kaneda, M. Higuchi and T. Imanaka, J. Mol. Catal., 1990, 63, L33; M. Julia, M. Duteil, C. Grard and E. Kuntz, Bull. Soc. Chim. Fr., 1973, 2791; R. L. Augustine and S. T. O'Leary, J. Mol. Catal. A: Chem., 1995, 95, 277; M. Beller and K. Kühlein, Synlett, 1995, 441; S. Sengupta and S. Bhattacharya, J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1, 1993, 1943; T. Jeffery, Tetrahedron Lett., 1994, 35, 3051; J. Kiviaho, T. Hanaoka, Y. Kubota and Y. Sugi, J. Mol Catal. A: Chem., 1995, 101, 25; M. Beller, H. Fischer, W. A. Herrmann, K. Öfele and C. Broßmer, Angew Chem., 1995, 107, 1992; Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl., 1995, 34, 1848; W. A. Herrmann, M. Elison, J. Fischer, C. Köcher and G. R. J. Artus, Angew. Chem., 1995, 107, 2602; Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl., 1995, 34, 2371.
18. V. V. Grushin and H. Alper, Chem. Rev., 1994, 94, 1047; Y. Ben-David, M. Portnoy, M. Gozin and D. Milstein, Organometallics, 1992, 11, 1995; M. Portnoy, Y. Ben-David, I. Rousso and D. Milstein, Organometallics, 1994, 13, 3465; N. A. Bumagin, P. G. More and I. P. Beletskaya, J. Organomet. Chem., 1989, 371, 397; K. Kaneda, M. Higuchi and T. Imanaka, J. Mol. Catal., 1990, 63, L33; M. Julia, M. Duteil, C. Grard and E. Kuntz, Bull. Soc. Chim. Fr., 1973, 2791; R. L. Augustine and S. T. O'Leary, J. Mol. Catal. A: Chem., 1995, 95, 277; M. Beller and K. Kühlein, Synlett, 1995, 441; S. Sengupta and S. Bhattacharya, J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1, 1993, 1943; T. Jeffery, Tetrahedron Lett., 1994, 35, 3051; J. Kiviaho, T. Hanaoka, Y. Kubota and Y. Sugi, J. Mol Catal. A: Chem., 1995, 101, 25; M. Beller, H. Fischer, W. A. Herrmann, K. Öfele and C. Broßmer, Angew Chem., 1995, 107, 1992; Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl., 1995, 34, 1848; W. A. Herrmann, M. Elison, J. Fischer, C. Köcher and G. R. J. Artus, Angew. Chem., 1995, 107, 2602; Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl., 1995, 34, 2371.
19. V. V. Grushin and H. Alper, Chem. Rev., 1994, 94, 1047; Y. Ben-David, M. Portnoy, M. Gozin and D. Milstein, Organometallics, 1992, 11, 1995; M. Portnoy, Y. Ben-David, I. Rousso and D. Milstein, Organometallics, 1994, 13, 3465; N. A. Bumagin, P. G. More and I. P. Beletskaya, J. Organomet. Chem., 1989, 371, 397; K. Kaneda, M. Higuchi and T. Imanaka, J. Mol. Catal., 1990, 63, L33; M. Julia, M. Duteil, C. Grard and E. Kuntz, Bull. Soc. Chim. Fr., 1973, 2791; R. L. Augustine and S. T. O'Leary, J. Mol. Catal. A: Chem., 1995, 95, 277; M. Beller and K. Kühlein, Synlett, 1995, 441; S. Sengupta and S. Bhattacharya, J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1, 1993, 1943; T. Jeffery, Tetrahedron Lett., 1994, 35, 3051; J. Kiviaho, T. Hanaoka, Y. Kubota and Y. Sugi, J. Mol Catal. A: Chem., 1995, 101, 25; M. Beller, H. Fischer, W. A. Herrmann, K. Öfele and C. Broßmer, Angew Chem., 1995, 107, 1992; Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl., 1995, 34, 1848; W. A. Herrmann, M. Elison, J. Fischer, C. Köcher and G. R. J. Artus, Angew. Chem., 1995, 107, 2602; Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl., 1995, 34, 2371.
20. V. V. Grushin and H. Alper, Chem. Rev., 1994, 94, 1047; Y. Ben-David, M. Portnoy, M. Gozin and D. Milstein, Organometallics, 1992, 11, 1995; M. Portnoy, Y. Ben-David, I. Rousso and D. Milstein, Organometallics, 1994, 13, 3465; N. A. Bumagin, P. G. More and I. P. Beletskaya, J. Organomet. Chem., 1989, 371, 397; K. Kaneda, M. Higuchi and T. Imanaka, J. Mol. Catal., 1990, 63, L33; M. Julia, M. Duteil, C. Grard and E. Kuntz, Bull. Soc. Chim. Fr., 1973, 2791; R. L. Augustine and S. T. O'Leary, J. Mol. Catal. A: Chem., 1995, 95, 277; M. Beller and K. Kühlein, Synlett, 1995, 441; S. Sengupta and S. Bhattacharya, J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1, 1993, 1943; T. Jeffery, Tetrahedron Lett., 1994, 35, 3051; J. Kiviaho, T. Hanaoka, Y. Kubota and Y. Sugi, J. Mol Catal. A: Chem., 1995, 101, 25; M. Beller, H. Fischer, W. A. Herrmann, K. Öfele and C. Broßmer, Angew Chem., 1995, 107, 1992; Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl., 1995, 34, 1848; W. A. Herrmann, M. Elison, J. Fischer, C. Köcher and G. R. J. Artus, Angew. Chem., 1995, 107, 2602; Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl., 1995, 34, 2371.
21. V. V. Grushin and H. Alper, Chem. Rev., 1994, 94, 1047; Y. Ben-David, M. Portnoy, M. Gozin and D. Milstein, Organometallics, 1992, 11, 1995; M. Portnoy, Y. Ben-David, I. Rousso and D. Milstein, Organometallics, 1994, 13, 3465; N. A. Bumagin, P. G. More and I. P. Beletskaya, J. Organomet. Chem., 1989, 371, 397; K. Kaneda, M. Higuchi and T. Imanaka, J. Mol. Catal., 1990, 63, L33; M. Julia, M. Duteil, C. Grard and E. Kuntz, Bull. Soc. Chim. Fr., 1973, 2791; R. L. Augustine and S. T. O'Leary, J. Mol. Catal. A: Chem., 1995, 95, 277; M. Beller and K. Kühlein, Synlett, 1995, 441; S. Sengupta and S. Bhattacharya, J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1, 1993, 1943; T. Jeffery, Tetrahedron Lett., 1994, 35, 3051; J. Kiviaho, T. Hanaoka, Y. Kubota and Y. Sugi, J. Mol Catal. A: Chem., 1995, 101, 25; M. Beller, H. Fischer, W. A. Herrmann, K. Öfele and C. Broßmer, Angew Chem., 1995, 107, 1992; Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl., 1995, 34, 1848; W. A. Herrmann, M. Elison, J. Fischer, C. Köcher and G. R. J. Artus, Angew. Chem., 1995, 107, 2602; Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl., 1995, 34, 2371.
22. V. V. Grushin and H. Alper, Chem. Rev., 1994, 94, 1047; Y. Ben-David, M. Portnoy, M. Gozin and D. Milstein, Organometallics, 1992, 11, 1995; M. Portnoy, Y. Ben-David, I. Rousso and D. Milstein, Organometallics, 1994, 13, 3465; N. A. Bumagin, P. G. More and I. P. Beletskaya, J. Organomet. Chem., 1989, 371, 397; K. Kaneda, M. Higuchi and T. Imanaka, J. Mol. Catal., 1990, 63, L33; M. Julia, M. Duteil, C. Grard and E. Kuntz, Bull. Soc. Chim. Fr., 1973, 2791; R. L. Augustine and S. T. O'Leary, J. Mol. Catal. A: Chem., 1995, 95, 277; M. Beller and K. Kühlein, Synlett, 1995, 441; S. Sengupta and S. Bhattacharya, J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1, 1993, 1943; T. Jeffery, Tetrahedron Lett., 1994, 35, 3051; J. Kiviaho, T. Hanaoka, Y. Kubota and Y. Sugi, J. Mol Catal. A: Chem., 1995, 101, 25; M. Beller, H. Fischer, W. A. Herrmann, K. Öfele and C. Broßmer, Angew Chem., 1995, 107, 1992; Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl., 1995, 34, 1848; W. A. Herrmann, M. Elison, J. Fischer, C. Köcher and G. R. J. Artus, Angew. Chem., 1995, 107, 2602; Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl., 1995, 34, 2371.
23. V. V. Grushin and H. Alper, Chem. Rev., 1994, 94, 1047; Y. Ben-David, M. Portnoy, M. Gozin and D. Milstein, Organometallics, 1992, 11, 1995; M. Portnoy, Y. Ben-David, I. Rousso and D. Milstein, Organometallics, 1994, 13, 3465; N. A. Bumagin, P. G. More and I. P. Beletskaya, J. Organomet. Chem., 1989, 371, 397; K. Kaneda, M. Higuchi and T. Imanaka, J. Mol. Catal., 1990, 63, L33; M. Julia, M. Duteil, C. Grard and E. Kuntz, Bull. Soc. Chim. Fr., 1973, 2791; R. L. Augustine and S. T. O'Leary, J. Mol. Catal. A: Chem., 1995, 95, 277; M. Beller and K. Kühlein, Synlett, 1995, 441; S. Sengupta and S. Bhattacharya, J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1, 1993, 1943; T. Jeffery, Tetrahedron Lett., 1994, 35, 3051; J. Kiviaho, T. Hanaoka, Y. Kubota and Y. Sugi, J. Mol Catal. A: Chem., 1995, 101, 25; M. Beller, H. Fischer, W. A. Herrmann, K. Öfele and C. Broßmer, Angew Chem., 1995, 107, 1992; Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl., 1995, 34, 1848; W. A. Herrmann, M. Elison, J. Fischer, C. Köcher and G. R. J. Artus, Angew. Chem., 1995, 107, 2602; Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl., 1995, 34, 2371.
24. V. V. Grushin and H. Alper, Chem. Rev., 1994, 94, 1047; Y. Ben-David, M. Portnoy, M. Gozin and D. Milstein, Organometallics, 1992, 11, 1995; M. Portnoy, Y. Ben-David, I. Rousso and D. Milstein, Organometallics, 1994, 13, 3465; N. A. Bumagin, P. G. More and I. P. Beletskaya, J. Organomet. Chem., 1989, 371, 397; K. Kaneda, M. Higuchi and T. Imanaka, J. Mol. Catal., 1990, 63, L33; M. Julia, M. Duteil, C. Grard and E. Kuntz, Bull. Soc. Chim. Fr., 1973, 2791; R. L. Augustine and S. T. O'Leary, J. Mol. Catal. A: Chem., 1995, 95, 277; M. Beller and K. Kühlein, Synlett, 1995, 441; S. Sengupta and S. Bhattacharya, J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1, 1993, 1943; T. Jeffery, Tetrahedron Lett., 1994, 35, 3051; J. Kiviaho, T. Hanaoka, Y. Kubota and Y. Sugi, J. Mol Catal. A: Chem., 1995, 101, 25; M. Beller, H. Fischer, W. A. Herrmann, K. Öfele and C. Broßmer, Angew Chem., 1995, 107, 1992; Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl., 1995, 34, 1848; W. A. Herrmann, M. Elison, J. Fischer, C. Köcher and G. R. J. Artus, Angew. Chem., 1995, 107, 2602; Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl., 1995, 34, 2371.
25. V. V. Grushin and H. Alper, Chem. Rev., 1994, 94, 1047; Y. Ben-David, M. Portnoy, M. Gozin and D. Milstein, Organometallics, 1992, 11, 1995; M. Portnoy, Y. Ben-David, I. Rousso and D. Milstein, Organometallics, 1994, 13, 3465; N. A. Bumagin, P. G. More and I. P. Beletskaya, J. Organomet. Chem., 1989, 371, 397; K. Kaneda, M. Higuchi and T. Imanaka, J. Mol. Catal., 1990, 63, L33; M. Julia, M. Duteil, C. Grard and E. Kuntz, Bull. Soc. Chim. Fr., 1973, 2791; R. L. Augustine and S. T. O'Leary, J. Mol. Catal. A: Chem., 1995, 95, 277; M. Beller and K. Kühlein, Synlett, 1995, 441; S. Sengupta and S. Bhattacharya, J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1, 1993, 1943; T. Jeffery, Tetrahedron Lett., 1994, 35, 3051; J. Kiviaho, T. Hanaoka, Y. Kubota and Y. Sugi, J. Mol Catal. A: Chem., 1995, 101, 25; M. Beller, H. Fischer, W. A. Herrmann, K. Öfele and C. Broßmer, Angew Chem., 1995, 107, 1992; Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl., 1995, 34, 1848; W. A. Herrmann, M. Elison, J. Fischer, C. Köcher and G. R. J. Artus, Angew. Chem., 1995, 107, 2602; Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl., 1995, 34, 2371.
26. V. V. Grushin and H. Alper, Chem. Rev., 1994, 94, 1047; Y. Ben-David, M. Portnoy, M. Gozin and D. Milstein, Organometallics, 1992, 11, 1995; M. Portnoy, Y. Ben-David, I. Rousso and D. Milstein, Organometallics, 1994, 13, 3465; N. A. Bumagin, P. G. More and I. P. Beletskaya, J. Organomet. Chem., 1989, 371, 397; K. Kaneda, M. Higuchi and T. Imanaka, J. Mol. Catal., 1990, 63, L33; M. Julia, M. Duteil, C. Grard and E. Kuntz, Bull. Soc. Chim. Fr., 1973, 2791; R. L. Augustine and S. T. O'Leary, J. Mol. Catal. A: Chem., 1995, 95, 277; M. Beller and K. Kühlein, Synlett, 1995, 441; S. Sengupta and S. Bhattacharya, J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1, 1993, 1943; T. Jeffery, Tetrahedron Lett., 1994, 35, 3051; J. Kiviaho, T. Hanaoka, Y. Kubota and Y. Sugi, J. Mol Catal. A: Chem., 1995, 101, 25; M. Beller, H. Fischer, W. A. Herrmann, K. Öfele and C. Broßmer, Angew Chem., 1995, 107, 1992; Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl., 1995, 34, 1848; W. A. Herrmann, M. Elison, J. Fischer, C. Köcher and G. R. J. Artus, Angew. Chem., 1995, 107, 2602; Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl., 1995, 34, 2371.
27. V. V. Grushin and H. Alper, Chem. Rev., 1994, 94, 1047; Y. Ben-David, M. Portnoy, M. Gozin and D. Milstein, Organometallics, 1992, 11, 1995; M. Portnoy, Y. Ben-David, I. Rousso and D. Milstein, Organometallics, 1994, 13, 3465; N. A. Bumagin, P. G. More and I. P. Beletskaya, J. Organomet. Chem., 1989, 371, 397; K. Kaneda, M. Higuchi and T. Imanaka, J. Mol. Catal., 1990, 63, L33; M. Julia, M. Duteil, C. Grard and E. Kuntz, Bull. Soc. Chim. Fr., 1973, 2791; R. L. Augustine and S. T. O'Leary, J. Mol. Catal. A: Chem., 1995, 95, 277; M. Beller and K. Kühlein, Synlett, 1995, 441; S. Sengupta and S. Bhattacharya, J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1, 1993, 1943; T. Jeffery, Tetrahedron Lett., 1994, 35, 3051; J. Kiviaho, T. Hanaoka, Y. Kubota and Y. Sugi, J. Mol Catal. A: Chem., 1995, 101, 25; M. Beller, H. Fischer, W. A. Herrmann, K. Öfele and C. Broßmer, Angew Chem., 1995, 107, 1992; Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl., 1995, 34, 1848; W. A. Herrmann, M. Elison, J. Fischer, C. Köcher and G. R. J. Artus, Angew. Chem., 1995, 107, 2602; Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl., 1995, 34, 2371.
28. V. V. Grushin and H. Alper, Chem. Rev., 1994, 94, 1047; Y. Ben-David, M. Portnoy, M. Gozin and D. Milstein, Organometallics, 1992, 11, 1995; M. Portnoy, Y. Ben-David, I. Rousso and D. Milstein, Organometallics, 1994, 13, 3465; N. A. Bumagin, P. G. More and I. P. Beletskaya, J. Organomet. Chem., 1989, 371, 397; K. Kaneda, M. Higuchi and T. Imanaka, J. Mol. Catal., 1990, 63, L33; M. Julia, M. Duteil, C. Grard and E. Kuntz, Bull. Soc. Chim. Fr., 1973, 2791; R. L. Augustine and S. T. O'Leary, J. Mol. Catal. A: Chem., 1995, 95, 277; M. Beller and K. Kühlein, Synlett, 1995, 441; S. Sengupta and S. Bhattacharya, J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1, 1993, 1943; T. Jeffery, Tetrahedron Lett., 1994, 35, 3051; J. Kiviaho, T. Hanaoka, Y. Kubota and Y. Sugi, J. Mol Catal. A: Chem., 1995, 101, 25; M. Beller, H. Fischer, W. A. Herrmann, K. Öfele and C. Broßmer, Angew Chem., 1995, 107, 1992; Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl., 1995, 34, 1848; W. A. Herrmann, M. Elison, J. Fischer, C. Köcher and G. R. J. Artus, Angew. Chem., 1995, 107, 2602; Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl., 1995, 34, 2371.
29. V. V. Grushin and H. Alper, Chem. Rev., 1994, 94, 1047; Y. Ben-David, M. Portnoy, M. Gozin and D. Milstein, Organometallics, 1992, 11, 1995; M. Portnoy, Y. Ben-David, I. Rousso and D. Milstein, Organometallics, 1994, 13, 3465; N. A. Bumagin, P. G. More and I. P. Beletskaya, J. Organomet. Chem., 1989, 371, 397; K. Kaneda, M. Higuchi and T. Imanaka, J. Mol. Catal., 1990, 63, L33; M. Julia, M. Duteil, C. Grard and E. Kuntz, Bull. Soc. Chim. Fr., 1973, 2791; R. L. Augustine and S. T. O'Leary, J. Mol. Catal. A: Chem., 1995, 95, 277; M. Beller and K. Kühlein, Synlett, 1995, 441; S. Sengupta and S. Bhattacharya, J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1, 1993, 1943; T. Jeffery, Tetrahedron Lett., 1994, 35, 3051; J. Kiviaho, T. Hanaoka, Y. Kubota and Y. Sugi, J. Mol Catal. A: Chem., 1995, 101, 25; M. Beller, H. Fischer, W. A. Herrmann, K. Öfele and C. Broßmer, Angew Chem., 1995, 107, 1992; Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl., 1995, 34, 1848; W. A. Herrmann, M. Elison, J. Fischer, C. Köcher and G. R. J. Artus, Angew. Chem., 1995, 107, 2602; Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl., 1995, 34, 2371.
30. V. V. Grushin and H. Alper, Chem. Rev., 1994, 94, 1047; Y. Ben-David, M. Portnoy, M. Gozin and D. Milstein, Organometallics, 1992, 11, 1995; M. Portnoy, Y. Ben-David, I. Rousso and D. Milstein, Organometallics, 1994, 13, 3465; N. A. Bumagin, P. G. More and I. P. Beletskaya, J. Organomet. Chem., 1989, 371, 397; K. Kaneda, M. Higuchi and T. Imanaka, J. Mol. Catal., 1990, 63, L33; M. Julia, M. Duteil, C. Grard and E. Kuntz, Bull. Soc. Chim. Fr., 1973, 2791; R. L. Augustine and S. T. O'Leary, J. Mol. Catal. A: Chem., 1995, 95, 277; M. Beller and K. Kühlein, Synlett, 1995, 441; S. Sengupta and S. Bhattacharya, J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1, 1993, 1943; T. Jeffery, Tetrahedron Lett., 1994, 35, 3051; J. Kiviaho, T. Hanaoka, Y. Kubota and Y. Sugi, J. Mol Catal. A: Chem., 1995, 101, 25; M. Beller, H. Fischer, W. A. Herrmann, K. Öfele and C. Broßmer, Angew Chem., 1995, 107, 1992; Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl., 1995, 34, 1848; W. A. Herrmann, M. Elison, J. Fischer, C. Köcher and G. R. J. Artus, Angew. Chem., 1995, 107, 2602; Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl., 1995, 34, 2371.
31. V. V. Grushin and H. Alper, Chem. Rev., 1994, 94, 1047; Y. Ben-David, M. Portnoy, M. Gozin and D. Milstein, Organometallics, 1992, 11, 1995; M. Portnoy, Y. Ben-David, I. Rousso and D. Milstein, Organometallics, 1994, 13, 3465; N. A. Bumagin, P. G. More and I. P. Beletskaya, J. Organomet. Chem., 1989, 371, 397; K. Kaneda, M. Higuchi and T. Imanaka, J. Mol. Catal., 1990, 63, L33; M. Julia, M. Duteil, C. Grard and E. Kuntz, Bull. Soc. Chim. Fr., 1973, 2791; R. L. Augustine and S. T. O'Leary, J. Mol. Catal. A: Chem., 1995, 95, 277; M. Beller and K. Kühlein, Synlett, 1995, 441; S. Sengupta and S. Bhattacharya, J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1, 1993, 1943; T. Jeffery, Tetrahedron Lett., 1994, 35, 3051; J. Kiviaho, T. Hanaoka, Y. Kubota and Y. Sugi, J. Mol Catal. A: Chem., 1995, 101, 25; M. Beller, H. Fischer, W. A. Herrmann, K. Öfele and C. Broßmer, Angew Chem., 1995, 107, 1992; Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl., 1995, 34, 1848; W. A. Herrmann, M. Elison, J. Fischer, C. Köcher and G. R. J. Artus, Angew. Chem., 1995, 107, 2602; Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl., 1995, 34, 2371.
32. Discussion of mechanistic and structural differences in homogeneous vs. heterogeneous catalysis: Y. Lin and R. G. Finke, Inorg. Chem., 1994, 33, 4891; J. Schwartz, Acc. Chem. Res., 1985, 18, 302.
33. Discussion of mechanistic and structural differences in homogeneous vs. heterogeneous catalysis: Y. Lin and R. G. Finke, Inorg. Chem., 1994, 33, 4891; J. Schwartz, Acc. Chem. Res., 1985, 18, 302.