Control of Cell Proliferation by Myc Family Genes

Molecules and Cells

Volumn 9, Issue 1, 1999, Pages 1-6

  Eilers, Martin ^a  

^a PHILIPPS UNIVERSITY MARBURG   (Germany)

Author keywords

Cell Cycle; Myc; Tumorigenesis

Indexed keywords

GROWTH PROMOTOR; MYC PROTEIN;

ANIMAL; CELL DIVISION; DRUG EFFECT; GENETICS; HUMAN; ONCOGENE MYC; PHYSIOLOGY; REVIEW;

ANIMALS; CELL DIVISION; GENES, MYC; GROWTH SUBSTANCES; HUMANS; PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEINS C-MYC;

EID: 0033611644     PISSN: 10168478     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (70)

1. Alevizopoulos, K., Vlach, J., Hennecke, S., and Amati, B. (1997) Cyclin E and c-myc promote cell proliferation in the presence of p16INK4a and of hypophosphorylated retinoblastoma family proteins. EMBO J. 16, 5322-5333.
2. Alland, L., Muhle, R., Hou, H., Potes, J., Chin, L., Schreiber-Agus, N., and pinho, R. D. (1997) Role for N-CoR and histone deacetylase in Sin3-mediated transcriptional repression. Nature 387, 49-55.
3. Amati, B. and Land, H. (1994) Myc-Max-Mad: a transcription factor network controlling cell cycle progression. Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev. 4, 102-108.
4. Ayer, D. E. and Eisenman, R. N. (1993) A switch from Myc: Max to Mad: Max heterocomplexes accompanies monocyte/ macrophage differentiation. Genes Dev. 7, 2110-2119.
5. Ayer, D. E., Kretzner, L., and Eisenman, R. N. (1993) Mad: a heterodimeric partner for Max that antagonizes Myc transcriptional activity. Cell 72, 211-222.
6. Bello-Fernandez, C., Packham, G., and Cleveland, J. L. (1993) The ornithine decarboxylase gene is a transcriptional target of c-myc. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90, 7804-7808.
7. Berthold, F., Sahin, K., Hero, B., Christiansen, H., Gehring, M., Harms, D., Horz, S., Lampert, F., (1997) The current contribution of molecular factors to risk estimation in neuroblastoma patients. Eur. J. Cancer 33, 2092-2097.
8. Brodeur, G. M., Seeger, R. C., Schwab, M., Varmus, H. E., and Bishop, J. M. (1984) Amplification of N-myc in untreated human neuroblastomas correlates with advanced disease stage. Science 224, 1121-1124.
9. Datta, S. R., Dudek, H., Tao, X., Masters, S., Fu, H., Gotoh, Y., and Greenberg, M. E. (1997) Akt phosphorylation of BAD couples survival signals to the cell-intrinsic death machinery. Cell 91, 231-241.
10. del Peso, L., Gonzalez-Garcia, M., Page, C., Herrera, R., and Nunez, G. (1997) Interleukin-3-induced phosphorylation of BAD through the protein kinase Akt. Science 278, 687-689.
11. Desbarats, L., Gaubatz, S., and Eilers, M. (1996) Discrimination between different E-box binding proteins at an endogenous target gene of Myc. Genes Dev. 10, 447-460.
12. Eilers, M., Picard, D., Yamamoto, K., and Bishop, J. M. (1989) Chimaeras between the MYC oncoprotein and steroid receptors cause hormone-dependent transformation of cells. Nature 340, 66-68.
13. Eilers, M., Schirm, S., and Bishop, J. M. (1991) The MYC protein activates transcription of the alpha-prothymosin gene. EMBO J. 10, 133-141.
14. Evan, G. I., Wyllie, A. H., Gilbert, C. S., Little wood, T. D., Land, H., Brooks, M., Waters, C. M., Penn, L. Z., and Hancock, D. C. (1992) Induction of apoptosis in fibroblasts by c-myc protein. Cell 69, 119-128.
15. Facchini, L. M. and Penn, L. Z. (1998) The molecular role of Myc in growth and transformation: recent discoveries lead to new insights. Faseb J., 12, 633-651.
16. Fanidi, A., Harrington, E. A., and Evan, G. I. (1992) Cooperative interaction between c-myc and bcl-2 proto-oncogenes. Nature 359, 554-556.
17. Galaktionov, K., Chen, X., and Beach, D. (1996) Cdc25 cell-cycle phosphatase as a target of c-myc. Nature 382, 511-517.
18. Gaubatz, S., Meichle, A., and Eilers, M. (1994) An E-box element localized in the first intron mediates regulation of the prothymosin a gene by c-myc. Mol. Cell. Biol. 14, 3853-3862.
19. Haas, K., Staller, P., Geisen, C., Bartek, J., Eilers, M., and Moroy, T. (1997) Mutual requirement of CDK4 and Myc in malignant transformation: evidence for cyclin D1/CDK4 and p16INK4A as upstream regulators of Myc. Oncogene 15, 179-192.
20. Heinzel, T., Lavinsky, R. M., Mullen, T.-M., Söderström, M., Laherty, C. D., Torchia, J., Yang, W.-M., Brard, G., Ngo, S. D., Davie, J. R., Seto, E., Eisenman, R. N., Rose, D. W., Glass, C. K., and Rosenfeld, M. G. (1997) A complex containing N-CoR, mSin3 and histone deacetylase mediates transcriptional repression. Nature 387, 43-48.
21. Henriksson, M. and Lüscher, B. (1996) Proteins of the Myc network: Essential regulators of cell growth and differentiation. Cancer Research 68, 109-182.
22. Hermeking, H. and Eick, D. (1994) Myc-induced apoptosis is mediated by p53 protein. Science 265, 2091-2093.
23. Hermeking, H., Funk, J. O., Reichert, M., Ellwart, J. W., and Eick, D. (1995) Abrogation of p53-induced cell cycle arrest by c-myc: evidence for an inhibitor of p21WAF1/CIP1/SDI1. Oncogene 11, 1409-1415.
24. Hurlin, P. J., Queva, C., and Eisenman, R. N. (1997) Mnt, a novel Max-interacting protein is coexpressed with Myc in proliferating cells and mediates repression at Myc binding sites. Genes Dev. 11, 44-58.
25. Hurlin, P. J., Queva, C., Koskinen, P. J., Steingrimsson, E., Ayer, D. E., Copeland, N. G., Jenkins, N. A., and Eisenman, R. N. (1996) Mad3 and Mad4: novel Max-interacting transcriptional repressors that suppress c-myc dependent transformation and are expressed during neural and epidermal differentiation. EMBO J. 15, 2030-2038.
26. Judware, R. and Culp, L. A. (1995) Over-expression of transfected N-myc oncogene in human SKNSH neuroblastoma cells down-regulates expression of beta 1 integrin subunit. Oncogene 11, 2599-607.
27. Judware, R. Lechner, R., and Culp, L. A. (1995) Inverse expressions of the N-myc oncogene and beta 1 integrin in human neuroblastoma: relationships to disease progression in a nude mouse model system. Clin. Exp. Metastasis 13, 123-33.
28. Kato, G. J., Barrett, J., Villa-Garcia, M., and Dang, C. V. (1990) An amino-terminal c-myc domain required for neoplastic transformation activates transcription. Mol. Cell. Biol. 10, 5914-5920.
29. Kauffmann-Zeh, A., Rodriguez-Viciana, P., Ulrich, E., Gilbert, C., Coffer, P., Downward, J., and Evan, G. (1997) Suppression of c-myc-induced apoptosis by Ras signalling through PI(3)K and PKB. Nature 385, 544-548.
30. Kawasaki, H., Mukai, K., Yajima, S., Tanaka, R., Takayama, J., Takasaki, Y., and Ohira, M. (1995) Prognostic value of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) immunostaining in neuroblastoma. Med. Pediatr. Oncol. 24, 300-304.
31. Keim, D. R., Hailat, N., Kuick, R., Reynolds, C. P., Brodeur, G. M., Seeger, R. C., and Hanash, S. M. (1993) PCNA levels in neuroblastoma are increased in tumors with an amplified N-myc gene and in metastatic stage tumors. Clin. Exp. Metastasis 11, 83-90.
32. Laherly, C. D., Yang, W.-M., Sun, J.-M., Davie, J. R., Seto, E., and Eisenman, R. N. (1997) Histone Deacetylases associated with the mSin3 corepressor mediate mad transcriptional repression. Cell 89, 349-356.
33. Land, H., Parada, L. F., and Weinberg, R. A. (1983) Cellular oncogenes and multistep carcinogenesis. Science 222, 771-778.
34. Lee, T. C., Li, L., Philipson, L., and Ziff, E. B. (1997) Myc represses transcription of the growth arrest gene gas1. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94, 12886-12891.
35. Leone, G., DeGregori, J., Sears, R., Jakoi, L., and Nevins, J. R. (1997) Myc and Ras collaborate in inducing accumulation of active cyclin E/Cdk2 and E2F [published erratum appears in Nature 1997 Jun 26; 387(6636): 932]. Nature 387, 422-426.
36. Littlewood, T. D., Hancock, D. C., Danielian, P. S., Parker, M. G., and Evan, G. I. (1995) A modified estrogen receptor ligand-binding domain as an improved switch for the regulation of heterologous proteins. Nucleic Acids Res. 23, 1686-1690.
37. Lloyd, A. C., Obermuller, F. Staddon, S., Barth, C. F. McMahon, M., and Land, H. (1997) Cooperating oncogenes converge to regulate cyclin/cdk complexes. Genes Dev. 11, 663-677.
38. van Lohuizen, M., Verbeek, S., Scheijen, B., Wientjens, E., van der Gulden, H., and Berns, A. (1991) Identification of cooperating oncogenes in Em-myc transgenic mice by provirus tagging. Cell, 65, 737-752.
39. Marhin, W. W., Chen, S., Facchini, L. M., Fornace, A. J. Jr., and Penn, L. Z. (1997) Myc represses the growth arrest gene gadd45. Oncogene 14, 2825-2834.
40. McMahon, S. B., Van Buskirk, H. A., Dugan, K. A., Copeland, T. D., and Cole, M. D. (1998) The novel ATM-related protein TRRAP is an essential cofactor for the c-Myc and E2F oncoproteins. Cell 94, 363-374.
41. Meichle, A., Philipp, A., and Eilers, M. (1992) The functions of Myc proteins. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1114, 129-146.
42. Meroni, G., Reymond, A., Alcalay, M., Borsani, G., Tanigami, A., Tonlorenzi, R., Nigro, C. L., Messali, S., Zollo, M., Ledbetter, D. H., Brent, R., Ballabio, A., and Carrozzo, R. (1997) Rox, a novel bHLHZip protein expressed in quiescent cells that heterodimerizes with Max, binds a non-canonical E box and acts as a transcriptional repressor. EMBO J. 16, 2892-2906.
43. Muller, D., Bouchard, C., Rudolph, B., Steiner, P., Stuckmann, I., Saffrich, R., Ansorge, W., Huttner, W., and Eilers, M. (1997) Cdk2-dependent phosphorylation of p27 facilitates its Myc-induced release from cyclin E/cdk2 complexes. Oncogene 15, 2561-2576.
44. Perez-Roger, I., Solomon, D. L., Sewing, A., and Land, H. (1997) Myc activation of cyclin E/Cdk2 kinase involves induction of cyclin E gene transcription and inhibition of p27(Kip1) binding to newly formed complexes. Oncogene 14, 2373-2381.
45. Peukert, K., Staller, P., Schneider, A., Carmichael, G., Hänel, F., and Eilers, M. (1997) An alternate pathway for gene regulation by Myc. EMBO J. 16, 5672-5686.
46. Philipp, A., Schneider, A., Väsrik, I., Finke, K., Xiong, Y., Beach, D., Alitalo, K., and Eilers, M. (1994) Repression of Cyclin D1: a Novel Function of MYC. Mol. Cell. Biol. 14, 4032-4043.
47. Queva, C., Hurlin, P. J., Foley, K. P., and Eisenman, R. N. (1998) Sequential expression of the MAD family of transcriptional repressors during differentiation and development. Oncogene 16, 967-977.
48. Reynisdottir, I. and Massague J. (1997) The subcellular locations of p15(Ink4b) and p27(Kip1) coordinate their inhibitory interactions with cdk4 and cdk2. Genes Dev. 11, 492-503.
49. Rosenwald, I. B., Lazaris-Karatzas, A., Sonenberg, N., and Schmidt, E. V. (1993a) Elevated levels of cyclin D1 protein in response to increased expression of eukaryotic initiation factor 4E. Mol. Cell. Biol. 13, 7358-7363.
50. Rosenwald, I. B., Rhoads, D. B., Callanan, L. D., Isselbacher, K. J., and Schmidt, E. V. (1993b) Increased expression of eukaryotic translation initiation factors eIF-4E and eIF-2 alpha in response to growth induction by c-myc. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90, 6175-6178.
51. Roy, A. L., Carruthers, C., Gutjahr, T., and Roeder, R. G. (1993) Direct role for Myc in transcription initiation mediated by interactions with TFII-I. Nature 365, 359-361.
52. Rudolph, B., Zwicker, J., Saffrich, R., Henglein, B., Müller, R., Ansorge, W., and Eilers, M. (1996) Activation of cyclin dependent kinases by Myc mediates transcriptional activation of cyclin A, but not apoptosis. EMBO J. 15, 3065-3076.
53. Saha, P., Eichbaum, Q., Silberman, E. D., Mayer, B. J., and Dutta, A. (1997) p21CIP1 and Cdc25A: competition between an inhibitor and an activator of cyclin-dependent kinases. Mol. Cell. Biol. 17, 4338-4345.
54. Sears, R., Ohtani, K., and Nevins, J. R. (1997) Identification of positively and negatively acting elements regulating expression of the E2F2 gene in response to cell growth signals. Mol. Cell. Biol. 17, 5227-5235.
55. Serrano, M., Gomez-Lahoz, E., DePinho, R. A., Beach, D., and Bar-Sagi, D. (1995) Inhibition of ras-induced proliferation and cellular transformation by p16INK4. Science 267, 249-252.
56. Serrano, M., Lee, H., Chin, L., Cordon Cardo, C., Beach, D., and DePinho, R. A. (1996) Role of the INK4a locus in tumor suppression and cell mortality. Cell 85, 27-37.
57. Serrano, M., Lin, A. W., McCurrach, M. E., Beach, D., and Lowe, S. W. (1997) Oncogenic ras provokes premature cell senescence associated with accumulation of p53 and p161NK4a. Cell 88, 593-602.
58. Sewing, A., Wiseman, B., Lloyd, A. C., and Land, H. (1997) High-intensity Raf signal causes cell cycle arrest mediated by p21Cip1. Mol. Cell. Biol. 17, 5588-5597.
59. Sheaff, R. J., Groudine, M., Gordon, M., Roberts, J. M., and Clurman, B. E. (1997) Cyclin E-CKD2 is a regulator of p27Kip1. Genes Dev. 11, 1464-1478.
60. Shrivastava, A., Saleque, S., Kalpana, G. V. Artandi, S., Goff, S. P., and Calame, K. (1993) Inhibition of transcriptional regulator Yin-Yang-1 by association with c-Myc. Science 262, 1889-1891.
61. Sommer, A., Hilfenhaus, S., Menkel, A., Kremmer, B., Seiser, C., Loidl, P., and Lüscher, B. (1997) Cell growth inhibition by the Mad/Max complex through recruitment of histone deacetylase activity. Curr. Biol. 7, 357-365.
62. Steiner, P., Philipp, A., Lukas, J., Godden-Kent, D., Pagano, M., Mittnacht, S., Bartek, J., and Eilers, M. (1995) Identification of a Myc-dependent step during the formation of active G1 cyclin/cdk complexes. EMBO J. 14, 4814-4826.
63. Vlach, J., Hennecke, S., Alevizopoulos, K., Conti, D , and Amati, B. (1996) Growth arrest by the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27Kip1 is abrogated by c-Myc. EMBO J. 15, 6595-6604.
64. Vlach, J., Hennecke, S., and Amati, B. (1997) Phosphorylation-dependent degradation of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27. EMBO J. 16, 5334-5344.
65. waf1/cip1. Genes Dev. 8, 2817-2830.
66. Wang, J., Xie, L. Y., Allan, S., Beach, D., and Hannon, G. J. (1998) Myc activates telomerase. Genes Dev. 12, 1769-1774.
67. Woods, D., Parry, D., Cherwinski, H., Bosch, E., Lees, E., and McMahon, M. (1997) Raf-induced proliferation or cell cycle arrest is determined by the level of Raf activity with arrest mediated by p21Cip1. Mol. Cell. Biol. 17, 5598-5611.
68. Zervos, A. S., Gyuris, J., and Brent, R. (1993) Mxi1, a protein that specifically interacts with Max to bind Myc-Max recognition sites. Cell 72, 223-232.
69. Zhang, S., Ramsay, E. S., and Mock, B. A. (1998) Cdkn2a, the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor encoding p161NK4a and p19ARF, is a candidate for the plasmacytoma susceptibility locus, Petrl. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 95, 2429-2434.
70. Zindy, F., Eischen, C. M., Randle, D. H., Kamijo, T., Cleveland, J. L., Sherr, C. J., and Roussel, M. F. (1998) Myc signaling via the ARF tumor suppressor regulates p53-dependent apoptosis and immortalization. Genes Dev. 12, 2424-2433.