A practical assessment of transdermal drug delivery by skin electroporation

Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews

Volumn 35, Issue 1, 1999, Pages 61-76

  Prausnitz, Mark R ^a  

^a GEORGIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (United States)

Author keywords

Electropermeabilization; High voltage medical device; Iontophoresis

Indexed keywords

BIOELECTRIC PHENOMENA; MACROMOLECULES; MECHANICAL PERMEABILITY; SKIN; ULTRASONIC APPLICATIONS;

ELECTROPERMEABILIZATION; ELECTROPORATION; IONTOPHORESIS;

CONTROLLED DRUG DELIVERY;

ALNIDITAN; CALCEIN; CYCLOSPORIN A; DOMPERIDONE; ERYTHROSINE; FENTANYL; GONADORELIN; HEPARIN; LUCIFER YELLOW; MANNITOL; METOPROLOL; MICROSPHERE; OLIGONUCLEOTIDE; RHODAMINE;

CELL VIABILITY; DIFFUSION; DRUG TRANSPORT; ELECTROOSMOSIS; ELECTROPORATION; HUMAN; IMPEDANCE; IONTOPHORESIS; MICROSCOPY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SKIN CONDUCTANCE; SKIN PERMEABILITY; STRATUM CORNEUM; TECHNIQUE; TISSUE INJURY; TRANSDERMAL DRUG ADMINISTRATION;

EID: 0033521545     PISSN: 0169409X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0169-409X(98)00063-5     Document Type: Article

References (99)

1. R.L. Bronaugh, H.I. Maibach (Eds.), Percutaneous Absorption, Mechanisms - Methodology - Drug Delivery, Marcel Dekker, New York, 1989.
2. J. Hadgraft, R.H. Guy (Eds.), Transdermal Drug Delivery: Developmental Issues and Research Initiatives, Marcel Dekker, New York, 1989.
3. Cullander C., Guy R.H. Transdermal delivery of peptides and proteins. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 8:1992;291-329.
4. Amsden B.G., Goosen M.F.A. Transdermal delivery of peptide and protein drugs: an overview. AIChE J. 41:1995;1972-1997.
5. E.W. Smith, H.I. Maibach (Eds.), Percutaneous Penetration Enhancers, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 1995.
6. Guy R.H. Current status and future prospects of transdermal drug delivery. Pharm. Res. 13:1996;1765-1769.
7. Prausnitz M.R. Reversible skin permeabilization for transdermal delivery of macromolecules. Crit. Rev. Ther. Drug Carrier Syst. 14:1997;455-483.
8. A.K. Banga, Electrically-assisted Transdermal and Topical Drug Delivery, Taylor and Francis, London, 1998.
9. N.A. Monteiro-Riviere, Comparative anatomy, physiology, and biochemistry of mammalian skin, in: D.W. Hobson (Ed.), Dermal and Ocular Toxicology, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 1991, pp. 3-71.
10. R.H. Champion, J.L. Burton, F.J.G. Ebling (Eds.), Textbook of Dermatology, Blackwell Scientific, London, 1992.
11. Schreier H., Bouwstra J. Liposomes and niosomes as topical drug carriers: dermal and transdermal drug delivery. J. Control. Release. 30:1994;1-15.
12. J. Kost, R. Langer, Ultrasound-mediated transdermal drug delivery, in: V.P. Shah, H.I. Maibach (Eds.), Topical Drug Bioavailability, Bioequivalence, and Penetration, Plenum Press, New York, 1993, pp. 91-104.
13. Mitragotri S., Blankschtein D., Langer R. Ultrasound-mediated transdermal protein delivery. Science. 269:1995;850-853.
14. Henry S., McAllister D., Allen M.G., Prausnitz M.R. Microfabricated microneedles: A novel method to increase transdermal drug delivery. J. Pharm. Sci. 87:1998;922-925.
15. Green P.G. Iontophoretic delivery of peptide drugs. J. Control. Release. 41:1996;33-48.
16. M.R. Prausnitz, Electroporation, in: B. Berner, S.M. Dinh (Eds.), Electronically Controlled Drug Delivery, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 1998, pp. 185-214.
17. E. Neumann, A.E. Sowers, C.A. Jordan (Eds.), Electroporation and Electrofusion in Cell Biology, Plenum Press, New York, 1989.
18. D.C. Chang, B.M. Chassy, J.A. Saunders, A.E. Sowers (Eds.), Guide to Electroporation and Electrofusion, Academic Press, New York, 1992.
19. Orlowski S., Mir L.M. Cell electropermeabilization: a new tool for biochemical and pharmacological studies. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1154:1993;51-63.
20. Weaver J.C. Electroporation: a general phenomenon for manipulating cells and tissues. J. Cell. Biochem. 51:1993;426-435.
21. 2-. Bioelectrochem. Bioenerg. 9:1982;149-155.
22. Dimitrov D.S., Sowers A.E. Membrane electroporation - fast molecular exchange by electroosmosis. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1022:1990;381-392.
23. Prausnitz M.R., Lau B.S., Milano C.D., Conner S., Langer R., Weaver J.C. A quantitative study of electroporation showing a plateau in net molecular transport. Biophys. J. 65:1993;414-422.
24. Jaroszeski M.J., Gilbert R., Heller R. Electrochemotherapy: an emerging drug delivery method for the treatment of cancer. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 26:1997;185-197.
25. M.R. Prausnitz, V.G. Bose, R. Langer, J.C. Weaver, Electroporation, in: E.W. Smith, H.I. Maibach (Eds.), Percutaneous Penetration Enhancers, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 1995, pp. 393-405.
26. Benz R.F., Beckers F., Zimmermann U. Reversible electrical breakdown of lipid bilayer membranes: a charge-pulse relaxation study. J. Membr. Biol. 48:1979;181-204.
27. Serpersu E.H., Kinosita K., Tsong T.Y. Reversible and irreversible modification of erythrocyte membrane permeability by electric field. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 812:1985;770-785.
28. Hibino M., Shigemori M., Itoh H., Nagayama K., Kinosita K. Jr. Membrane conductance of an electroporated cell analyzed by submicrosecond imaging of transmembrane potential. Biophys. J. 59:1991;209-220.
29. Gift E.A., Weaver J.C. Observation of extremely heterogeneous electroporative molecular uptake by Saccharomyces cerevisiae which changes with electric field pulse amplitude. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1234:1995;52-62.
30. Klenchin V.A., Sukharev S.I., Serov S.M., Chernomordik L.V., Chizmadzhev Y.A. Electrically induced DNA uptake by cells is a fast process involving DNA electrophoresis. Biophys. J. 60:1991;804-811.
31. Prausnitz M.R., Corbett J.D., Gimm J.A., Golan D.E., Langer R., Weaver J.C. Millisecond measurement of transport during and after an electroporation pulse. Biophys. J. 68:1995;1864-1870.
32. Yang T.-A., Heiser W.C., Sedivy J.M. Efficient in situ electroporation of mammalian cells grown on microporous membranes. Nucleic Acids Res. 23:1995;2803-2810.
33. Kwee S., Nielsen H.V., Celis J.E. Electropermeabilization of human cultured cells grown in monolayers. Bioelectrochem. Bioenerg. 23:1990;65-80.
34. Pu H., Young A.P. Glucocorticoid-inducible expression of a glutamine synthetase-CAT-encoding fusion plasmid after transfection of intact chicken retinal explant cultures. Gene. 89:1990;259-263.
35. Yaseen M.A., Pedley K.C., Howell S.L. Regulation of insulin secretion from islets of Langerhans rendered permeable by electric discharge. Biochem. J. 206:1982;81-87.
36. Persaud S.J., Jones P.M., Howell S.L. Effects of Bordetella pertussis toxin on catecholamine inhibition of insulin release from intact and electrically permeabilized rat islets. Biochem. J. 258:1989;669-675.
37. Dekeyser R.A., Claes B., De Rycke R.M.U., Habets M.E., Van Montagu M.C., Caplan A.B. Transient gene expression in intact and organized tissues. Plant Cell. 2:1990;591-602.
38. D'Hulluin K., Bonne E., Bossut M., De Beuckeleer M., Leemans J. Transgenic maize plants by tissue electroporation. Plant Cell. 4:1992;1495-1505.
39. Bhatt D.L., Gaylor D.C., Lee R.C. Rhabdomyolysis due to pulsed electric fields. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 86:1990;1-11.
40. Powell K.T., Morgenthaler A.W., Weaver J.C. Tissue electroporation: observation of reversible electrical breakdown in viable frog skin. Biophys. J. 56:1989;1163-1171.
41. Okino M., Mohri H. Effects of a high voltage electrical impulse and an anticancer drug on in vivo growing tumors. Jpn. J. Cancer Res. 78:1987;1319-1321.
42. Mir L.M., Orlowski S., Belehradek J., Paoletti C. Electrochemotherapy potentiation of antitumor effect of bleomycin by local electric pulses. Eur. J. Cancer. 27:1991;68-72.
43. Heller R., Jaroszeski M.J., Glass L.F., Messina J.L., Rapaport D.P., DeConti R.C., Fenske N.A., Gilbert R.A., Mir L.M., Reintgen D.S. Phase I/II trial for the treatment of cutaneous and subcutaneous tumors using electrochemotherapy. Cancer. 77:1996;964-971.
44. Titomirov A.V., Sukharev S., Kistanova E. In vivo electroporation and stable transformation of skin cells of newborn mice by plasmid DNA. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1088:1991;131-134.
45. Prausnitz M.R., Bose V.G., Langer R., Weaver J.C. Electroporation of mammalian skin: a mechanism to enhance transdermal drug delivery. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 90:1993;10504-10508.
46. Abidor I.G., Arakelyan V.B., Chernomordik L.V., Chizmadzhev Y.A., Pastushenko V.F., Tarasevich M.R. Electric breakdown of bilayer membranes: I. The main experimental facts and their qualitative discussion. Bioelectrochem. Bioenerg. 6:1979;37-52.
47. Weaver J.C. Theory of electroporation: a review. Bioelectrochem. Bioenerg. 41:1996;135-160.
48. Chang D.C., Reese T.S. Changes in membrane structure induced by electroporation as revealed by rapid-freezing electron microscopy. Biophys. J. 58:1990;1-12.
49. Vanbever R., Lecouturier N., Préat V. Transdermal delivery of metoprolol by electroporation. Pharm. Res. 11:1994;1657-1662.
50. Pliquett U., Weaver J.C. Electroporation of human skin: simultaneous measurement of changes in the transport of two fluorescent molecules and in the passive electrical properties. Bioelectrochem. Bioenerg. 39:1996;1-12.
51. Gallo S.A., Oseroff A.R., Johnson P.G., Hui S.W. Characterization of electric-pulse-induced permeabilization of porcine skin using surface electrodes. Biophys. J. 72:1997;2805-2811.
52. Prausnitz M.R., Lee C.S., Liu C.H., Pang J.C., Singh T.-P., Langer R., Weaver J.C. Transdermal transport efficiency during skin electroporation and iontophoresis. J. Control. Release. 38:1996;205-217.
53. Prausnitz M.R. Do high-voltage pulses cause changes in skin structure? J. Control. Release. 40:1996;321-326.
54. Vanbever R., Le Boulengé E., Préat V. Transdermal delivery of fentanyl by electroporation I. Influence of electrical factors. Pharm. Res. 13:1996;559-565.
55. Vanbever R., De Morre N., Préat V. Transdermal delivery of fentanyl by electroporation. II. Mechanisms involved in drug transport. Pharm. Res. 13:1996;1359-1365.
56. R. Vanbever, M.-A. Leroy, V. Préat, Transdermal permeation of neutral molecules by electroporation, J. Control. Release (in press).
57. J.O. Bockris, A.K.N. Reddy, Modern Electrochemistry, Plenum Press, New York, 1970.
58. Pliquett U., Langer R., Weaver J.C. Changes in the passive electrical properties of human stratum corneum due to electroporation. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1239:1995;111-121.
59. V.G. Bose, Electrical Characterization of Electroporation of Human Stratum Corneum, M.S. Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 1994.
60. Nemanic M.K., Elias P.M. In situ precipitation: a novel cytochemical technique for visualization of permeability pathways in mammalian stratum corneum. J. Histochem. Cytochem. 28:1980;573-578.
61. Boddé H.E., van den Brink I., Koerten H.K., de Haan F.H.N. Visualization of in vitro percutaneous penetration of mercuric chloride; transport through intercellular space versus cellular uptake through desmosomes. J. Control. Release. 15:1991;227-236.
62. Grimnes S. Pathways of ionic flow through human skin in vivo. Acta Derm.-Venereol. (Stockholm). 64:1984;93-98.
63. Cullander C. What are the pathways of iontophoretic current flow through mammalian skin? Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 9:1992;119-135.
64. Scott E.R., Laplaza A.I., White H.S., Phipps J.B. Transport of ionic species in skin: contribution of pores to the overall skin conductance. Pharm. Res. 10:1993;1699-1709.
65. Pliquett U., Zewart T.E., Chen T., Langer R., Weaver J.C. Imaging of fluorescent molecule and small ion transport through human stratum corneum during high voltage pulsing: localized transport regions are involved. Biophys. Chem. 58:1996;185-204.
66. Prausnitz M.R., Gimm J.A., Guy R.H., Langer R., Weaver J.C., Cullander C. Imaging of transport pathways across human stratum corneum during high-voltage and low-voltage electrical exposures. J. Pharm. Sci. 85:1996;1363-1370.
67. T. Chen, R. Langer, J.C. Weaver, Skin electroporation causes molecular transport across the stratum corneum through localized transport regions, J. Invest. Dermatol. (in press).
68. Vanbever R., Preat V. Factors affecting transdermal delivery of metoprolol by electroporation. Bioelectrochem. Bioenerg. 38:1995;223-228.
69. Zewert T.E., Pliquett U.F., Langer R., Weaver J.C. Transdermal transport of DNA antisense oligonucleotides by electroporation. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 212:1995;286-292.
70. Zhang L., Li L., Hofmann G.A., Hoffman R.M. Depth-targeted efficient gene delivery and expression in the skin by pulsed electric fields: an approach to gene therapy of skin aging and other diseases. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 220:1996;633-636.
71. Jadoul A., Préat V. Electrically-enhanced transdermal delivery of domperidone. Int. J. Pharm. 154:1997;229-234.
72. Wang S., Kara M., Krishnan T.R. Transdermal delivery of cyclosporin-A coevaporate using electroporation technique. Drug Dev. Ind. Pharm. 23:1997;657-663.
73. A. Jadoul, N. Lecouturier, J. Mesens, W. Caers, V. Préat, Electrically enhanced transdermal delivery of alnitidan, J. Control. Release (in press).
74. Regnier V., Le Doan T., Préat V. Parameters controlling topical delivery of oligonucleotides by electroporation. Drug Target. 5:1997;1-16.
75. Hofmann G.A., Rustrum W.V., Suder K.S. Electro-incorporation of microcarriers as a method for the transdermal delivery of large molecules. Bioelectrochem. Bioenerg. 38:1995;209-222.
76. Prausnitz M.R., Edelman E.R., Gimm J.A., Langer R., Weaver J.C. Transdermal delivery of heparin by skin electroporation. Biotechnology. 13:1995;1205-1209.
77. Vanbever R., Preat V. Transdermal delivery of fentanyl: rapid onset of analgesia using skin electroporation. J. Control. Release. 50:1998;225-235.
78. Prausnitz M.R., Pliquett U., Langer R., Weaver J.C. Rapid temporal control of transdermal drug delivery by electroporation. Pharm. Res. 11:1994;1834-1837.
79. U. Pliquett, M.R. Prausnitz, Y.A. Chizmadzhev, J.C. Weaver, Measurement of rapid release kinetics for drug delivery, Pharm. Res. 12 (1995) 549-555 (Errata in Pharm. Res. 12 (1995) 1244).
80. U. Pliquett, M.R. Prausnitz, Y.A. Chizmadzhev, J.C. Weaver, Measurement of rapid release kinetics for drug delivery, Pharm. Res. 12 (1995) 549-555 (Errata in Pharm. Res. 12 (1995) 1244).
81. Ledger P.W. Skin biological issues in electrically enhanced transdermal delivery. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 9:1992;289-307.
82. Chizmadzhev Y.A., Zarnytsin V.G., Weaver J.C., Potts R.O. Mechanism of electroinduced ionic species transport through a multilamellar lipid system. Biophys. J. 68:1995;749-765.
83. Edwards D.A., Prausnitz M.R., Langer R., Weaver J.C. Analysis of enhanced transdermal transport by skin electroporation. J. Control. Release. 34:1995;211-221.
84. Bommannan D., Tamada J., Leung L., Potts R.O. Effect of electroporation on transdermal iontophoretic delivery of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) in vitro. Pharm. Res. 11:1994;1809-1814.
85. Riviere J.E., Monteiro-Riviere N.A., Rogers R.A., Bommannan D., Tamada J.A., Potts R.O. Pulsatile transdermal delivery of LHRH using electroporation: drug delivery and skin toxicology. J. Control. Release. 36:1995;229-233.
86. Kost J., Pliquett U., Mitragotri S., Yamamoto A., Langer R., Weaver J. Synergistic effect of electric field and ultrasound on transdermal transport. Pharm. Res. 13:1996;633-638.
87. Vanbever R., Prausnitz M.R., Preat V. Macromolecules as novel transdermal transport enhancers for skin electroporation. Pharm. Res. 14:1997;638-644.
88. Weaver J.C., Vanbever R., Vaughan T.E., Prausnitz M.R. Heparin alters transdermal transport associated with electroporation. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 234:1997;637-640.
89. J.P. Reilly, Electrical Stimulation and Electropathology, Cambridge University Press, New York, 1992.
90. Prausnitz M.R. The effects of electric current applied to the skin: a review for transdermal drug delivery. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 18:1996;395-425.
91. Zhang L., Li L.N., An Z.L., Hoffman R.M., Hofmann G.A. In vivo transdermal delivery of large molecules by pressure-mediated electroincorporation and electroporation: a novel method for drug and gene delivery. Bioelectrochem. Bioenerg. 42:1997;283-292.
92. J.C. Weaver, personal communication, 1997.
93. Prausnitz M.R., Seddick D.S., Kon A.A., Bose V.G., Frankenburg S., Klaus S.N., Langer R., Weaver J.C. Methods for in vivo tissue electroporation using surface electrodes. Drug Deliv. 1:1993;125-131.
94. Vanbever R., Fouchard D., Jodoul A., De Morre N., Preat V., Marty J.-P. In vivo non-invasive evaluation of hairless rat skin after high-voltage pulse exposure. Skin Pharmacol. Appl. Skin Physiol. 11:1998;23-34.
95. Belehradek M., Domenge C., Luboinski B., Orlowski S., Belehradek J., Mir L.M. Electrochemotherapy, a new antitumor treatment. Cancer. 72:1993;3694-3700.
96. S.B. Dev, G.A. Hoffmann, Clinical applications of electroporation, in: P.T. Lynch, M.R. Davey (Eds.), Electrical Manipulation of Cells, Chapman & Hall, London, 1996, pp. 185-199.
97. Domenge C., Orlowski S., Luboinski B., De Baere T., Schwaab G., Belehradek J., Mir L.M. Antitumor electrochemotherapy: new advances in the clinical protocol. Cancer. 77:1996;956-963.
98. M.J. Jaroszeski, personal communication, 1997.
99. Zhang L., Hofmann G.A. Electric pulse mediated transdermal drug delivery. Proc. Int. Symp. Control. Release Bioact. Mater. 24:1997;27-28.