메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 123, Issue C, 1999, Pages 3-28

Chapter 1 The Segmental Motor System – Advances, Issues, and Possibilities

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

HUMAN; INTERNEURON; MECHANORECEPTOR; MOTONEURON; MOTOR SYSTEM; MOTOR UNIT; MUSCLE FORCE; NEUROMODULATION; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SENSORY RECEPTOR;

EID: 0033384559     PISSN: 00796123     EISSN: 18757855     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1016/S0079-6123(08)62840-X     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (8)

References (229)
  • 1
  • 2
    • 0029982689 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unitary excitatory synaptic currents in preganglionic neurons mediated by two distinct groups of interneurons in neonatal rat sacral parasympathetic nucleus.
    • Araki, I., De Groat, W.C., Unitary excitatory synaptic currents in preganglionic neurons mediated by two distinct groups of interneurons in neonatal rat sacral parasympathetic nucleus. J. Neurophysiol. 76 (1996), 215-226.
    • (1996) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.76 , pp. 215-226
    • Araki, I.1    De Groat, W.C.2
  • 3
    • 0343920181 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Invertebrate nervous systems.
    • W.H. Dantzler Oxford University Press New York Sec. 13
    • Arbas, E.A., Levine, R.B., Strausfeld, N.J., Invertebrate nervous systems. Dantzler, W.H., (eds.) Comparative Physiology, Vol. II, 1997, Oxford University Press, New York, 751-852 Sec. 13.
    • (1997) Comparative Physiology , vol.2 , pp. 751-852
    • Arbas, E.A.1    Levine, R.B.2    Strausfeld, N.J.3
  • 6
    • 0031739279 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synaptic activation of plateau potentials in hindlimb motoneurons of decerebrate cats.
    • Bennett, D.J., Hultborn, H., Fedirchuk, B., Gorassini, M., Synaptic activation of plateau potentials in hindlimb motoneurons of decerebrate cats. J. Neurophysiol. 80 (1998), 2023-2037.
    • (1998) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.80 , pp. 2023-2037
    • Bennett, D.J.1    Hultborn, H.2    Fedirchuk, B.3    Gorassini, M.4
  • 7
    • 0031795955 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Short-term plasticity in hindlimb motoneurons of decerebrate cats.
    • Bennett, D.J., Hultborn, H., Fedirchuk, B., Gorassini, M., Short-term plasticity in hindlimb motoneurons of decerebrate cats. J. Neurophysiol. 80 (1998), 2038-2045.
    • (1998) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.80 , pp. 2038-2045
    • Bennett, D.J.1    Hultborn, H.2    Fedirchuk, B.3    Gorassini, M.4
  • 8
    • 0013636599 scopus 로고
    • Studies of the Biodynamics of Walking, Running and Jumping, Research of the Central Scientific Institute of Physical Culture, Moscow, USSR (In Russian).
    • H.T.A. Whiting North-Holland Amsterdam 1984
    • Bernstein, N.A., Studies of the Biodynamics of Walking, Running and Jumping, Research of the Central Scientific Institute of Physical Culture, Moscow, USSR (In Russian). Whiting, H.T.A., (eds.) Human Motor Actions. Bernstein Reassessed, 1940, North-Holland, Amsterdam, 171-222 1984.
    • (1940) Human Motor Actions. Bernstein Reassessed , pp. 171-222
    • Bernstein, N.A.1
  • 10
    • 0031874980 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contractile properties of human motor units: is man a cat?
    • Bigland-Ritchie, B., Fugelvand, A.J., Thomas, C.K., Contractile properties of human motor units: is man a cat?. Neuroscientist 4 (1998), 240-249.
    • (1998) Neuroscientist , vol.4 , pp. 240-249
    • Bigland-Ritchie, B.1    Fugelvand, A.J.2    Thomas, C.K.3
  • 11
    • 0032516628 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Henneman's size principle: the right name.
    • Binder, M.D., Henneman's size principle: the right name. Science, 281, 1998, 919.
    • (1998) Science , vol.281 , pp. 919
    • Binder, M.D.1
  • 12
    • 0027730318 scopus 로고
    • How different afferent inputs control motoneuron discharge and the output of the motoneuron pool.
    • Binder, M.D., Heckman, C.J., Powers, R.K., How different afferent inputs control motoneuron discharge and the output of the motoneuron pool. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 3 (1993), 1028-1034.
    • (1993) Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. , vol.3 , pp. 1028-1034
    • Binder, M.D.1    Heckman, C.J.2    Powers, R.K.3
  • 14
    • 0020397583 scopus 로고
    • Properties and segmental actions of mammalian muscle receptors: an update.
    • Binder, M.D., Houk, J.C., Nichols, T.R., Rymer, W.Z., Stuart, D.G., Properties and segmental actions of mammalian muscle receptors: an update. Fed. Proc. 41 (1982), 2907-2918.
    • (1982) Fed. Proc. , vol.41 , pp. 2907-2918
    • Binder, M.D.1    Houk, J.C.2    Nichols, T.R.3    Rymer, W.Z.4    Stuart, D.G.5
  • 17
    • 0027320723 scopus 로고
    • Stretch receptors and body wall muscle in leeches.
    • Blackshaw, S.E., Stretch receptors and body wall muscle in leeches. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. Comp. Physiol. 105 (1993), 634-652.
    • (1993) Comp. Biochem. Physiol. Comp. Physiol. , vol.105 , pp. 634-652
    • Blackshaw, S.E.1
  • 18
    • 77957209317 scopus 로고
    • Functional anatomy of the association between motor units and muscle receptors.
    • Botterman, B.R., Binder, M.D., Stuart, D.G., Functional anatomy of the association between motor units and muscle receptors. Am. Zool. 18 (1978), 135-152.
    • (1978) Am. Zool. , vol.18 , pp. 135-152
    • Botterman, B.R.1    Binder, M.D.2    Stuart, D.G.3
  • 20
    • 0026767858 scopus 로고
    • On the regulation of repetitive firing in lumbar motoneurones during fictive locomotion in the cat.
    • Brownstone, R.M., Jordan, L.M., Kriellaars, D.J., Noga, B.R., Shefchyk, S.J., On the regulation of repetitive firing in lumbar motoneurones during fictive locomotion in the cat. Exp. Brain. Res. 90 (1992), 441-455.
    • (1992) Exp. Brain. Res. , vol.90 , pp. 441-455
    • Brownstone, R.M.1    Jordan, L.M.2    Kriellaars, D.J.3    Noga, B.R.4    Shefchyk, S.J.5
  • 21
    • 0027746022 scopus 로고
    • Electrophysiological properties of identified classes of lamprey spinal neurons.
    • Buchanan, J.T., Electrophysiological properties of identified classes of lamprey spinal neurons. J. Neurophysiol. 70 (1993), 2313-2325.
    • (1993) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.70 , pp. 2313-2325
    • Buchanan, J.T.1
  • 22
    • 0030346355 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lamprey spinal interneurons and their roles in swimming activity.
    • Buchanan, J.T., Lamprey spinal interneurons and their roles in swimming activity. Brain Behav. Evol. 48 (1996), 287-296.
    • (1996) Brain Behav. Evol. , vol.48 , pp. 287-296
    • Buchanan, J.T.1
  • 23
    • 33744913825 scopus 로고
    • From neuron to mind.
    • Bunge, M., From neuron to mind. News Physiol. Sci. 4 (1989), 206-209.
    • (1989) News Physiol. Sci. , vol.4 , pp. 206-209
    • Bunge, M.1
  • 24
    • 0014127891 scopus 로고
    • Composite nature of the monosynaptic excitatory potential.
    • Burke, R.E., Composite nature of the monosynaptic excitatory potential. J. Neurophysiol. 30 (1967), 1114-1137.
    • (1967) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.30 , pp. 1114-1137
    • Burke, R.E.1
  • 25
    • 0000076646 scopus 로고
    • Motor units: anatomy, physiology and functional organization.
    • J.M. Brookhart V.B. Mountcastle American Physiological Society Bethesda (MD)
    • Burke, R.E., Motor units: anatomy, physiology and functional organization. Brookhart, J.M., Mountcastle, V.B., (eds.) Handbook of Physiology, Sec. 1, Vol. II, pt 1., The Nervous System: Motor Control, 1981, American Physiological Society, Bethesda (MD), 345-422.
    • (1981) Handbook of Physiology, Sec. 1, Vol. II, pt 1., The Nervous System: Motor Control , pp. 345-422
    • Burke, R.E.1
  • 26
    • 0010186451 scopus 로고
    • Integration of sensory information and motor commands in the spinal cord.
    • P.S.G. Stein Society for Neuroscience Bethesda, MD
    • Burke, R.E., Integration of sensory information and motor commands in the spinal cord. Stein, P.S.G., (eds.) Motor Control: From Movement Trajectories to Neural Mechanisms. Short Course Syllabus, 1985, Society for Neuroscience, Bethesda, MD, 44-66.
    • (1985) Motor Control: From Movement Trajectories to Neural Mechanisms. Short Course Syllabus , pp. 44-66
    • Burke, R.E.1
  • 27
    • 0031647859 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cellular, synaptic, network, and modulatory mechanisms involved in rhythm generation.
    • Calabrese, R.L., Cellular, synaptic, network, and modulatory mechanisms involved in rhythm generation. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 8 (1998), 710-717.
    • (1998) Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. , vol.8 , pp. 710-717
    • Calabrese, R.L.1
  • 28
    • 0029347002 scopus 로고
    • A commentary on the segmental motor system of the turtle: implications for the study of its cellular mechanisms and interactions.
    • Callister, R.J., Laidlaw, D.H., Stuart, D.G., A commentary on the segmental motor system of the turtle: implications for the study of its cellular mechanisms and interactions. J. Morphol. 225 (1995), 213-227.
    • (1995) J. Morphol. , vol.225 , pp. 213-227
    • Callister, R.J.1    Laidlaw, D.H.2    Stuart, D.G.3
  • 30
    • 0020439162 scopus 로고
    • Proprioceptive functions of invertebrates.
    • In French
    • Clarac, F., Proprioceptive functions of invertebrates. J. Physiol. (Paris) 78 (1982), 665-680 In French.
    • (1982) J. Physiol. (Paris) , vol.78 , pp. 665-680
    • Clarac, F.1
  • 31
    • 0025107056 scopus 로고
    • Neural mechanisms underlying the clasp-knife reflex in the cat. I. Characteristics of the reflex.
    • Cleland, C.L., Rymer, W.Z., Neural mechanisms underlying the clasp-knife reflex in the cat. I. Characteristics of the reflex. J. Neurophysiol. 64 (1990), 1303-1318.
    • (1990) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.64 , pp. 1303-1318
    • Cleland, C.L.1    Rymer, W.Z.2
  • 32
    • 0023193092 scopus 로고
    • Proprioceptive input resets central locomotor rhythm in the spinal cat.
    • Conway, B.A., Hultborn, H., Kiehn, O., Proprioceptive input resets central locomotor rhythm in the spinal cat. Exp. Brain Res. 68 (1987), 643-656.
    • (1987) Exp. Brain Res. , vol.68 , pp. 643-656
    • Conway, B.A.1    Hultborn, H.2    Kiehn, O.3
  • 34
    • 0023730011 scopus 로고
    • Maintained changes in motoneuronal excitability by short-lasting synaptic inputs in the decerebrate cat.
    • Crone, C., Hultborn, H., Kiehn, O., Mazieres, L., Wigstrom, H., Maintained changes in motoneuronal excitability by short-lasting synaptic inputs in the decerebrate cat. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 405 (1988), 321-343.
    • (1988) J. Physiol. (Lond.) , vol.405 , pp. 321-343
    • Crone, C.1    Hultborn, H.2    Kiehn, O.3    Mazieres, L.4    Wigstrom, H.5
  • 35
    • 0002026947 scopus 로고
    • Interpretation of the electromyogram.
    • Denny-Brown, D., Interpretation of the electromyogram. Archiv. Neurol. Psychiat. 61 (1949), 99-128.
    • (1949) Archiv. Neurol. Psychiat. , vol.61 , pp. 99-128
    • Denny-Brown, D.1
  • 36
    • 77957178874 scopus 로고
    • Fibrillation and fasciculation in muscle.
    • Denny-Brown, D., Pennybacker, J.B., Fibrillation and fasciculation in muscle. Brain 61 (1938), 311-333.
    • (1938) Brain , vol.61 , pp. 311-333
    • Denny-Brown, D.1    Pennybacker, J.B.2
  • 37
    • 0031182045 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The evolution of insect wings and their sensory apparatus.
    • Dickinson, M.H., Hannaford, S., Palka, J., The evolution of insect wings and their sensory apparatus. Brain Behav. Evol. 50 (1997), 13-24.
    • (1997) Brain Behav. Evol. , vol.50 , pp. 13-24
    • Dickinson, M.H.1    Hannaford, S.2    Palka, J.3
  • 38
    • 0029620557 scopus 로고
    • Interactions among neural networks for behavior.
    • Dickinson, P.S., Interactions among neural networks for behavior. Curr. Opin. Behav. 5 (1995), 792-798.
    • (1995) Curr. Opin. Behav. , vol.5 , pp. 792-798
    • Dickinson, P.S.1
  • 39
    • 0017419823 scopus 로고
    • My scientific odyssey.
    • Eccles, J.C., My scientific odyssey. Ann. Rev. Physiol. 39 (1977), 1-18.
    • (1977) Ann. Rev. Physiol. , vol.39 , pp. 1-18
    • Eccles, J.C.1
  • 41
    • 0026648857 scopus 로고
    • ATP receptor-mediated synaptic currents in the central nervous system.
    • Edwards, F.A., Gibb, A.J., Colquhoun, D., ATP receptor-mediated synaptic currents in the central nervous system. Nature 359 (1992), 144-146.
    • (1992) Nature , vol.359 , pp. 144-146
    • Edwards, F.A.1    Gibb, A.J.2    Colquhoun, D.3
  • 42
    • 0009785272 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modulation of the AHP and frequency-current relationship in motoneurons of the isolated neonatal rat spinal cord during locomotor-like activity.
    • Edwards, R.T., Powers, R.K., Binder, M.D., Modulation of the AHP and frequency-current relationship in motoneurons of the isolated neonatal rat spinal cord during locomotor-like activity. Soc. Neurosci. Abstr., 23, 1997, 1300.
    • (1997) Soc. Neurosci. Abstr. , vol.23 , pp. 1300
    • Edwards, R.T.1    Powers, R.K.2    Binder, M.D.3
  • 43
    • 0031869649 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spontaneous electromyographic activity in the adult rat soleus muscle.
    • Eken, T., Spontaneous electromyographic activity in the adult rat soleus muscle. J. Neurophysiol 80 (1998), 365-376.
    • (1998) J. Neurophysiol , vol.80 , pp. 365-376
    • Eken, T.1
  • 44
    • 0024319212 scopus 로고
    • Bistable firing properties of soleus motor units in unrestrained rats.
    • Eken, T., Kiehn, O., Bistable firing properties of soleus motor units in unrestrained rats. Acta Physiol. Scand. 136 (1989), 383-394.
    • (1989) Acta Physiol. Scand. , vol.136 , pp. 383-394
    • Eken, T.1    Kiehn, O.2
  • 45
    • 0021187608 scopus 로고
    • Henneman's “size principle”: Current issues.
    • Enoka, R.M., Stuart, D.G., Henneman's “size principle”: Current issues. Trends Neurosci. 7 (1984), 226-228.
    • (1984) Trends Neurosci. , vol.7 , pp. 226-228
    • Enoka, R.M.1    Stuart, D.G.2
  • 46
    • 0026621831 scopus 로고
    • The spinal motor system in early vertebrates and some of its evolutionary changes.
    • Fetcho, J.R., The spinal motor system in early vertebrates and some of its evolutionary changes. Brain Behav. Evol. 40 (1992), 82-97.
    • (1992) Brain Behav. Evol. , vol.40 , pp. 82-97
    • Fetcho, J.R.1
  • 47
    • 0017166530 scopus 로고
    • Corticomotoneuronal connections of precentral cells detected by postspike averages of EMG activity in behaving monkeys.
    • Fetz, E.E., Cheney, P.D., German, D.C., Corticomotoneuronal connections of precentral cells detected by postspike averages of EMG activity in behaving monkeys. Brain Res. 114 (1976), 505-510.
    • (1976) Brain Res. , vol.114 , pp. 505-510
    • Fetz, E.E.1    Cheney, P.D.2    German, D.C.3
  • 48
    • 0016769214 scopus 로고
    • Correlations between activity of motor cortex cells and arm muscles during operantly conditioned response patterns.
    • Fetz, E.E., Finocchio, D.V., Correlations between activity of motor cortex cells and arm muscles during operantly conditioned response patterns. Exp. Brain Res. 23 (1975), 217-240.
    • (1975) Exp. Brain Res. , vol.23 , pp. 217-240
    • Fetz, E.E.1    Finocchio, D.V.2
  • 49
    • 11244354328 scopus 로고
    • Properties of single cells in vertebrate motor systems revealed by spike-triggered averaging.
    • UCLA, Brain Information Service/BR1 Publications Office Los Angeles BIS Conference Report #49
    • Fetz, E.E., Henneman, E., Mendell, L.M., Stein, R.B., Stuart, D.G., Properties of single cells in vertebrate motor systems revealed by spike-triggered averaging. Society for Neuroscience, 8th Annual Meeting. Summaries of Symposia., 1979, UCLA, Brain Information Service/BR1 Publications Office, Los Angeles, 11-32 BIS Conference Report #49.
    • (1979) Society for Neuroscience, 8th Annual Meeting. Summaries of Symposia. , pp. 11-32
    • Fetz, E.E.1    Henneman, E.2    Mendell, L.M.3    Stein, R.B.4    Stuart, D.G.5
  • 50
    • 0033056414 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Control of finger tip forces in multidigit manipulation.
    • Flanagan, J.R., Burstedt, M.K., Johansson, R.S., Control of finger tip forces in multidigit manipulation. J. Neurophysiol. 81 (1999), 1706-1717.
    • (1999) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.81 , pp. 1706-1717
    • Flanagan, J.R.1    Burstedt, M.K.2    Johansson, R.S.3
  • 51
    • 0019822688 scopus 로고
    • Rheobase, input resistance, and motor-unit type in medial gastrocnemius motoneurons in the cat.
    • Fleshman, J.W., Munson, J.B., Sypert, G.W., Friedman, W.A., Rheobase, input resistance, and motor-unit type in medial gastrocnemius motoneurons in the cat. J. Neurophysiol. 46 (1981), 1326-1338.
    • (1981) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.46 , pp. 1326-1338
    • Fleshman, J.W.1    Munson, J.B.2    Sypert, G.W.3    Friedman, W.A.4
  • 52
    • 0032516628 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Henneman's size principle: the right name?
    • Fuglevand, A.J., Henneman's size principle: the right name?. Science, 281, 1998, 919.
    • (1998) Science , vol.281 , pp. 919
    • Fuglevand, A.J.1
  • 53
    • 0000784596 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Invertebrate locomotor systems.
    • W.H. Dantzler Oxford University Press New York Sec. 13
    • Full, R.J., Invertebrate locomotor systems. Dantzler, W.H., (eds.) Comparative Physiology, Vol. II, 1997, Oxford University Press, New York, 853-930 Sec. 13.
    • (1997) Comparative Physiology , vol.2 , pp. 853-930
    • Full, R.J.1
  • 54
    • 0000878294 scopus 로고
    • Does the nervous system depend on kinesthetic information to control limb movements? In: Controversies in Neuroscience 1: Movement Control.
    • Gandevia, S.C., Burke, D., Does the nervous system depend on kinesthetic information to control limb movements? In: Controversies in Neuroscience 1: Movement Control. Behav. Brain Sci. 15 (1992), 614-632.
    • (1992) Behav. Brain Sci. , vol.15 , pp. 614-632
    • Gandevia, S.C.1    Burke, D.2
  • 55
    • 0028829761 scopus 로고
    • Role of muscle afferents in the inhibition of motoneurons during fatigue.
    • Garland, S.J., Kaufman, M.P., Role of muscle afferents in the inhibition of motoneurons during fatigue. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 384 (1995), 271-278.
    • (1995) Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. , vol.384 , pp. 271-278
    • Garland, S.J.1    Kaufman, M.P.2
  • 56
    • 0009392987 scopus 로고
    • Understanding central pattern generators: Insights gained from the study of invertebrates.
    • S. Grillner P.S.G. Stein D.G. Stuart H. Forrsberg R.M. Herman Plenum Press New York
    • Getting, P.A., Understanding central pattern generators: Insights gained from the study of invertebrates. Grillner, S., Stein, P.S.G., Stuart, D.G., Forrsberg, H., Herman, R.M., (eds.) Neurobiology of Vertebrate Locomotion, 1986, Plenum Press, New York, 231-244.
    • (1986) Neurobiology of Vertebrate Locomotion , pp. 231-244
    • Getting, P.A.1
  • 57
    • 0024526450 scopus 로고
    • Emerging principles governing the operation of neural networks.
    • Getting, P.A., Emerging principles governing the operation of neural networks. Ann. Rev. Neurosci. 12 (1989), 185-204.
    • (1989) Ann. Rev. Neurosci. , vol.12 , pp. 185-204
    • Getting, P.A.1
  • 58
    • 0030113054 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Feeling force: mechanical transduction by vertebrates and invertebrates.
    • Gillespie, P.G., Feeling force: mechanical transduction by vertebrates and invertebrates. Chem. Biol. 3 (1996), 223-227.
    • (1996) Chem. Biol. , vol.3 , pp. 223-227
    • Gillespie, P.G.1
  • 59
    • 0032783675 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activation patterns of hindlimb motor units in the awake rat and their relation to motoneuron intrinsic properties.
    • Gorassini, M.A., Bennett, D.J., Eken, T., Kiehn, O., Hultborn, H., Activation patterns of hindlimb motor units in the awake rat and their relation to motoneuron intrinsic properties. J. Neurophysiol. 82 (1999), 709-717.
    • (1999) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.82 , pp. 709-717
    • Gorassini, M.A.1    Bennett, D.J.2    Eken, T.3    Kiehn, O.4    Hultborn, H.5
  • 60
    • 0001325587 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduction in recruitment threshold of human motor units by repeated muscle activation.
    • Gorassini, M.A, Bennett, D.J., Siu, M., Yang, J., Reduction in recruitment threshold of human motor units by repeated muscle activation. Soc. Neurosci. Abstr., 23, 1997, 2094.
    • (1997) Soc. Neurosci. Abstr. , vol.23 , pp. 2094
    • Gorassini, M.A.1    Bennett, D.J.2    Siu, M.3    Yang, J.4
  • 63
    • 0013965084 scopus 로고
    • Algebraic summation in synaptic activation of motoneurones firing within the “primary range” to injected current.
    • Granit, R., Kernell, D., Lamarre, Y., Algebraic summation in synaptic activation of motoneurones firing within the “primary range” to injected current. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 187 (1966), 379-399.
    • (1966) J. Physiol. (Lond.) , vol.187 , pp. 379-399
    • Granit, R.1    Kernell, D.2    Lamarre, Y.3
  • 64
    • 78651114681 scopus 로고
    • Quantitative aspects of repetitive firing of mammalian motoneurones, caused by injected currents.
    • Granit, R., Kernell, D., Shortess, G.K., Quantitative aspects of repetitive firing of mammalian motoneurones, caused by injected currents. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 168 (1963), 911-931.
    • (1963) J. Physiol. (Lond.) , vol.168 , pp. 911-931
    • Granit, R.1    Kernell, D.2    Shortess, G.K.3
  • 65
    • 0016493111 scopus 로고
    • Locomotion in vertebrates: central mechanisms and reflex interaction.
    • Grillner, S., Locomotion in vertebrates: central mechanisms and reflex interaction. Physiol Rev. 55 (1975), 247-304.
    • (1975) Physiol Rev. , vol.55 , pp. 247-304
    • Grillner, S.1
  • 66
    • 0001791740 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selection and initiation of motor behavior.
    • P.S.G. Stein S. Grillner A.I. Selverston D.G. Stuart MIT Press Boston
    • Grillner, S., Georgopoulos, A.P., Jordan, L.M., Selection and initiation of motor behavior. Stein, P.S.G., Grillner, S., Selverston, A.I., Stuart, D.G., (eds.) Neurons, Networks, and Motor Behavior, 1997, MIT Press, Boston, 3-19.
    • (1997) Neurons, Networks, and Motor Behavior , pp. 3-19
    • Grillner, S.1    Georgopoulos, A.P.2    Jordan, L.M.3
  • 68
    • 0343162121 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The neural control of posture and locomotion: A lock with two keys.
    • G.N. Gantchev S. Mori J. Massion Academic Publishing House “Prof. M. Dsinov” Sofia
    • Gurfinkel, V.S., Ivanenko, Y.P., Levik, Y.S., Kazzenikov, O.V., Selionov, V.A., The neural control of posture and locomotion: A lock with two keys. Gantchev, G.N., Mori, S., Massion, J., (eds.) Motor Control Today and Tomorrow, 1999, Academic Publishing House “Prof. M. Dsinov”, Sofia, 113-123.
    • (1999) Motor Control Today and Tomorrow , pp. 113-123
    • Gurfinkel, V.S.1    Ivanenko, Y.P.2    Levik, Y.S.3    Kazzenikov, O.V.4    Selionov, V.A.5
  • 70
    • 0022361012 scopus 로고
    • On factors determining orderly recruitment of motor units: a role for intrinsic membrane properties.
    • Gustafsson, B., Pinter, M.J., On factors determining orderly recruitment of motor units: a role for intrinsic membrane properties. Trends Neurosci. 8 (1985), 431-433.
    • (1985) Trends Neurosci. , vol.8 , pp. 431-433
    • Gustafsson, B.1    Pinter, M.J.2
  • 71
    • 0021902999 scopus 로고
    • The interface between biomechanics and neurophysiology in the study of movement: some recent approaches.
    • R.L. Terjung MacMillan New York
    • Hasan, Z., Enoka, R.M., Stuart, D.G., The interface between biomechanics and neurophysiology in the study of movement: some recent approaches. Terjung, R.L., (eds.) Exercise and Sports Sciences Reviews, Vol. 13, 1985, MacMillan, New York, 169-234.
    • (1985) Exercise and Sports Sciences Reviews , vol.13 , pp. 169-234
    • Hasan, Z.1    Enoka, R.M.2    Stuart, D.G.3
  • 73
    • 0023750913 scopus 로고
    • Animal solutions to problems of movement control: the role of proprioceptors.
    • Hasan, Z., Stuart, D.G., Animal solutions to problems of movement control: the role of proprioceptors. Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 11 (1988), 199-223.
    • (1988) Annu. Rev. Neurosci. , vol.11 , pp. 199-223
    • Hasan, Z.1    Stuart, D.G.2
  • 74
    • 0023028063 scopus 로고
    • Tendon vibration-induced inhibition of human and cat triceps surae group I reflexes: evidence of selective Ib afferent fiber activation.
    • Hayward, L.F., Nielsen, R.P., Heckman, C.J., Hutton, R.S., Tendon vibration-induced inhibition of human and cat triceps surae group I reflexes: evidence of selective Ib afferent fiber activation. Exp. Neurol. 94 (1986), 333-347.
    • (1986) Exp. Neurol. , vol.94 , pp. 333-347
    • Hayward, L.F.1    Nielsen, R.P.2    Heckman, C.J.3    Hutton, R.S.4
  • 75
    • 0024267456 scopus 로고
    • Analysis of effective synaptic currents generated by homonymous Ia afferent fibers in motoneurons of the cat.
    • Heckman, C.J., Binder, M.D., Analysis of effective synaptic currents generated by homonymous Ia afferent fibers in motoneurons of the cat. J. Neurophysiol. 60 (1988), 1948-1966.
    • (1988) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.60 , pp. 1948-1966
    • Heckman, C.J.1    Binder, M.D.2
  • 76
    • 0025852538 scopus 로고
    • Computer simulation of the steady-state input-output function of the cat medial gastrocnemius motoneuron pool.
    • Heckman, C.J., Binder, M.D., Computer simulation of the steady-state input-output function of the cat medial gastrocnemius motoneuron pool. J. Neurophysiol. 65 (1991), 952-967.
    • (1991) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.65 , pp. 952-967
    • Heckman, C.J.1    Binder, M.D.2
  • 77
    • 0021748263 scopus 로고
    • Can Ib axons be selectively activated by electrical stimuli in human subjects?
    • Heckman, C.J., Condon, S.M., Hutton, R.S., Enoka, R.M., Can Ib axons be selectively activated by electrical stimuli in human subjects?. Exp. Neurol. 86 (1984), 576-582.
    • (1984) Exp. Neurol. , vol.86 , pp. 576-582
    • Heckman, C.J.1    Condon, S.M.2    Hutton, R.S.3    Enoka, R.M.4
  • 78
    • 0000977079 scopus 로고
    • Relation between size of neurons and their susceptibility to discharge.
    • Henneman, E., Relation between size of neurons and their susceptibility to discharge. Science 126 (1957), 1345-1347.
    • (1957) Science , vol.126 , pp. 1345-1347
    • Henneman, E.1
  • 79
    • 0002570958 scopus 로고
    • Functional organization of the motoneuron pools: The size principle.
    • Henneman, E., Functional organization of the motoneuron pools: The size principle. Proc. Int. Union Physiol. Sci., 12, 1977, 50.
    • (1977) Proc. Int. Union Physiol. Sci. , vol.12 , pp. 50
    • Henneman, E.1
  • 80
    • 0014403464 scopus 로고
    • Terminals of single Ia fibers: distribution within a pool of 300 homonymous motor neurons.
    • Henneman, E., Mendell, L.M., Terminals of single Ia fibers: distribution within a pool of 300 homonymous motor neurons. Science 160 (1968), 96-98.
    • (1968) Science , vol.160 , pp. 96-98
    • Henneman, E.1    Mendell, L.M.2
  • 81
    • 0001019836 scopus 로고
    • Functional organization of motoneuron pool and its inputs.
    • J.M. Brookhart V.B. Mountcastle American Physiological Society Bethesda (MD)
    • Henneman, E., Mendell, L.M., Functional organization of motoneuron pool and its inputs. Brookhart, J.M., Mountcastle, V.B., (eds.) Handbook of Physiology, Sec. 1, Vol. II, pt 1., The Nervous System: Motor Control, 1981, American Physiological Society, Bethesda (MD), 423-507.
    • (1981) Handbook of Physiology, Sec. 1, Vol. II, pt 1., The Nervous System: Motor Control , pp. 423-507
    • Henneman, E.1    Mendell, L.M.2
  • 83
    • 0031043834 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of olfactory discrimination: Common principles across phyla.
    • Hildebrand, J.G., Shepherd, G.M., Mechanisms of olfactory discrimination: Common principles across phyla. Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 20 (1997), 595-631.
    • (1997) Annu. Rev. Neurosci. , vol.20 , pp. 595-631
    • Hildebrand, J.G.1    Shepherd, G.M.2
  • 84
    • 0028043657 scopus 로고
    • TTX-resistant NMDA receptor-mediated voltage oscillations in mammalian lumber motoneurons.
    • Hochman, S., Jordan, L.M., Schmidt, B.J., TTX-resistant NMDA receptor-mediated voltage oscillations in mammalian lumber motoneurons. J. Neurophysiol. 72 (1994), 2559-2562.
    • (1994) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.72 , pp. 2559-2562
    • Hochman, S.1    Jordan, L.M.2    Schmidt, B.J.3
  • 85
    • 0031930473 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Whole cell recordings of lumbar motoneurons during locomotor-like activity in the in vitro neonatal rat spinal cord.
    • Hochman, S., Schmidt, B.J., Whole cell recordings of lumbar motoneurons during locomotor-like activity in the in vitro neonatal rat spinal cord. J. Neurophysiol. 79 (1998), 743-752.
    • (1998) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.79 , pp. 743-752
    • Hochman, S.1    Schmidt, B.J.2
  • 87
    • 0001183761 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plateau potential contribution to the stimulus current-spike frequency relation of turtle motoneurons.
    • Hornby, T.G., McDonagh, J.C., Reinking, R.M., Stuart, D.G., Plateau potential contribution to the stimulus current-spike frequency relation of turtle motoneurons. Soc. Neurosci. Abstr., 24, 1998, 914.
    • (1998) Soc. Neurosci. Abstr. , vol.24 , pp. 914
    • Hornby, T.G.1    McDonagh, J.C.2    Reinking, R.M.3    Stuart, D.G.4
  • 88
    • 0021258738 scopus 로고
    • Intrinsic membrane properties causing a bistable behaviour of α-motoneurones.
    • Hounsgaard, J., Hultborn, H., Jespersen, B., Kiehn, O., Intrinsic membrane properties causing a bistable behaviour of α-motoneurones. Exp. Brain Res. 55 (1984), 391-394.
    • (1984) Exp. Brain Res. , vol.55 , pp. 391-394
    • Hounsgaard, J.1    Hultborn, H.2    Jespersen, B.3    Kiehn, O.4
  • 89
    • 0023780272 scopus 로고
    • Bistability of α-motoneurones in the decerebrate cat and in the acute spinal cat after intravenous 5-hydroxytryptophan.
    • Hounsgaard, J., Hultborn, H., Jespersen, B., Kiehn, O., Bistability of α-motoneurones in the decerebrate cat and in the acute spinal cat after intravenous 5-hydroxytryptophan. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 405 (1988), 345-367.
    • (1988) J. Physiol. (Lond.) , vol.405 , pp. 345-367
    • Hounsgaard, J.1    Hultborn, H.2    Jespersen, B.3    Kiehn, O.4
  • 90
    • 0024319735 scopus 로고
    • Serotonin-induced bistability of turtle motoneurones caused by a nifedipine-sensitive calcium plateau potential.
    • Hounsgaard, J., Kiehn, O., Serotonin-induced bistability of turtle motoneurones caused by a nifedipine-sensitive calcium plateau potential. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 414 (1989), 265-282.
    • (1989) J. Physiol. (Lond.) , vol.414 , pp. 265-282
    • Hounsgaard, J.1    Kiehn, O.2
  • 91
    • 0023840738 scopus 로고
    • Response properties of motoneurones in a slice preparation of the turtle spinal cord.
    • Hounsgaard, J., Kiehn, O., Mintz, I., Response properties of motoneurones in a slice preparation of the turtle spinal cord. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 398 (1988), 575-589.
    • (1988) J. Physiol. (Lond.) , vol.398 , pp. 575-589
    • Hounsgaard, J.1    Kiehn, O.2    Mintz, I.3
  • 92
    • 0026569993 scopus 로고
    • 2+-mediated plateau potentials in a subpopulation of interneurons in the ventral horn of the turtle spinal cord.
    • 2+-mediated plateau potentials in a subpopulation of interneurons in the ventral horn of the turtle spinal cord. Eur. J. Neurosci. 4 (1992), 183-188.
    • (1992) Eur. J. Neurosci. , vol.4 , pp. 183-188
    • Hounsgaard, J.1    Kjaerulff, O.2
  • 94
    • 0027021104 scopus 로고
    • Neuromodulation of vertebrate motor neuron membrane properties.
    • Hultborn, H., Kiehn, O.,. Neuromodulation of vertebrate motor neuron membrane properties. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 2 (1992), 770-775.
    • (1992) Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. , vol.2 , pp. 770-775
    • Hultborn, H.1    Kiehn, O.2
  • 95
    • 0018651907 scopus 로고
    • Input-output relations in the pathway of recurrent inhibition to motoneurones in the cat.
    • Hultborn, H., Pierrot-Deseilligny, E., Input-output relations in the pathway of recurrent inhibition to motoneurones in the cat. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 297 (1979), 267-287.
    • (1979) J. Physiol. (Lond.) , vol.297 , pp. 267-287
    • Hultborn, H.1    Pierrot-Deseilligny, E.2
  • 96
    • 0001631856 scopus 로고
    • Prolonged activation of soleus motoneurones following a conditioning train in soleus Ia afferents-a case for a reverberating loop?
    • Hultborn, H., Wigstrom, H., Wangberg, B., Prolonged activation of soleus motoneurones following a conditioning train in soleus Ia afferents-a case for a reverberating loop?. Neurosci. Lett. 1 (1975), 147-152.
    • (1975) Neurosci. Lett. , vol.1 , pp. 147-152
    • Hultborn, H.1    Wigstrom, H.2    Wangberg, B.3
  • 97
    • 0033046729 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms Underlying the Control of Firing in the Healthy and Sick Motoneurone.
    • Jabre, J., Binder, M.D., Mechanisms Underlying the Control of Firing in the Healthy and Sick Motoneurone. J. Physiol. (Paris) 93 (1999), 1-182.
    • (1999) J. Physiol. (Paris) , vol.93 , pp. 1-182
    • Jabre, J.1    Binder, M.D.2
  • 98
    • 0026578897 scopus 로고
    • Interneuronal relay in spinal pathways from proprioceptors.
    • Jankowska, E., Interneuronal relay in spinal pathways from proprioceptors. Prog. Neurobiol. 38 (1992), 335-378.
    • (1992) Prog. Neurobiol. , vol.38 , pp. 335-378
    • Jankowska, E.1
  • 99
    • 0000277824 scopus 로고
    • Interneurons in the spinal cord.
    • Jankowska, E., Lundberg, A., Interneurons in the spinal cord. Trends Neurosci. 4 (1981), 230-233.
    • (1981) Trends Neurosci. , vol.4 , pp. 230-233
    • Jankowska, E.1    Lundberg, A.2
  • 100
    • 85023104899 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plateau potentials and wind-up in mouse spinal motoneurons.
    • Jiang, Z., Carlin, K.P., Brownstone, R.M., Plateau potentials and wind-up in mouse spinal motoneurons. Soc. Neurosci. Abstr., 25, 1999, 1395.
    • (1999) Soc. Neurosci. Abstr. , vol.25 , pp. 1395
    • Jiang, Z.1    Carlin, K.P.2    Brownstone, R.M.3
  • 101
    • 0032821019 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of L-type calcium channels and a nifedipine-sensitive motor activity in the postnatal mouse spinal cord.
    • Jiang, Z., Rempel, J., Li, J., Sawchuk, M., Brownstone, R.M., Development of L-type calcium channels and a nifedipine-sensitive motor activity in the postnatal mouse spinal cord. Eur. J. Neurosci. 11 (1999), 3481-3487.
    • (1999) Eur. J. Neurosci. , vol.11 , pp. 3481-3487
    • Jiang, Z.1    Rempel, J.2    Li, J.3    Sawchuk, M.4    Brownstone, R.M.5
  • 102
    • 0032540919 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Corelease of two fast neurotransmitters at a central synapse.
    • Jonas, P., Bischofer, J., Sandkuhler, J., Corelease of two fast neurotransmitters at a central synapse. Science 281 (1998), 419-424.
    • (1998) Science , vol.281 , pp. 419-424
    • Jonas, P.1    Bischofer, J.2    Sandkuhler, J.3
  • 104
    • 0027033127 scopus 로고
    • Control of functional systems in the brainstem and spinal cord.
    • Jordan, L.M., Brownstone, R.M., Noga, B.R., Control of functional systems in the brainstem and spinal cord. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 2 (1992), 794-801.
    • (1992) Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. , vol.2 , pp. 794-801
    • Jordan, L.M.1    Brownstone, R.M.2    Noga, B.R.3
  • 105
    • 0031000920 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is human muscle spindle afference dependent on perceived size of error in visual tracking?
    • Kakuda, N., Wessberg, J., Vallbo, A.B., Is human muscle spindle afference dependent on perceived size of error in visual tracking?. Exp. Brain Res. 114 (1997), 246-254.
    • (1997) Exp. Brain Res. , vol.114 , pp. 246-254
    • Kakuda, N.1    Wessberg, J.2    Vallbo, A.B.3
  • 107
    • 0031440636 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functional morphology of insect mechanoreceptors.
    • Keil, T.A., Functional morphology of insect mechanoreceptors. Microsc. Res. Tech. 39 (1997), 506-531.
    • (1997) Microsc. Res. Tech. , vol.39 , pp. 506-531
    • Keil, T.A.1
  • 108
    • 0004107681 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Harvard University Press Cambridge (MA)
    • Kennedy, D., Academic Duty, 1997, Harvard University Press, Cambridge (MA).
    • (1997) Academic Duty
    • Kennedy, D.1
  • 109
    • 84979101010 scopus 로고
    • The limits of firing frequency in cat lumbosacral motoneurones possessing different time course of afterhyperpolarization.
    • Kernell, D., The limits of firing frequency in cat lumbosacral motoneurones possessing different time course of afterhyperpolarization. Acta Physiol. Scand. 65 (1965), 87-100.
    • (1965) Acta Physiol. Scand. , vol.65 , pp. 87-100
    • Kernell, D.1
  • 110
    • 0019997033 scopus 로고
    • Time course and properties of late adaptation in spinal motoneurons in the cat.
    • Kernell, D., Monster, A.W., Time course and properties of late adaptation in spinal motoneurons in the cat. Exp. Brain. Res. 46 (1982), 191-196.
    • (1982) Exp. Brain. Res. , vol.46 , pp. 191-196
    • Kernell, D.1    Monster, A.W.2
  • 111
    • 0019351517 scopus 로고
    • Input conductance, axonal conduction velocity and cell size among hindlimb motoneurons of the cat.
    • Kernell, D., Zwaagstra, B., Input conductance, axonal conduction velocity and cell size among hindlimb motoneurons of the cat. Brain Res. 204 (1981), 311-326.
    • (1981) Brain Res. , vol.204 , pp. 311-326
    • Kernell, D.1    Zwaagstra, B.2
  • 113
    • 0031423613 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prolonged firing in motor units: evidence of plateau potentials in human motoneurons?
    • Kiehn, O., Eken, T., Prolonged firing in motor units: evidence of plateau potentials in human motoneurons?. J. Neurophysiol. 78 (1997), 3061-3068.
    • (1997) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.78 , pp. 3061-3068
    • Kiehn, O.1    Eken, T.2
  • 114
    • 0026775279 scopus 로고
    • Serotonergic stretch receptors induce plateau properties in a crustacean motor neuron by a dual-conductance mechanism.
    • Kiehn, O., Harris-Warrick, R.M., Serotonergic stretch receptors induce plateau properties in a crustacean motor neuron by a dual-conductance mechanism. J. Neurophysiol. 68 (1992), 485-495.
    • (1992) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.68 , pp. 485-495
    • Kiehn, O.1    Harris-Warrick, R.M.2
  • 116
    • 0031043459 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plateau properties in mammalian spinal interneurons during transmitter-induced locomotor activity.
    • Kiehn, O., Johnson, B.R., Raastad, M., Plateau properties in mammalian spinal interneurons during transmitter-induced locomotor activity. Neuroscience 77 (1997), 613-615.
    • (1997) Neuroscience , vol.77 , pp. 613-615
    • Kiehn, O.1    Johnson, B.R.2    Raastad, M.3
  • 117
    • 0016357791 scopus 로고
    • Monosynaptic excitation of motoneurones from secondary endings of muscle spindles.
    • Kirkwood, P.A., Sears, T.A., Monosynaptic excitation of motoneurones from secondary endings of muscle spindles. Nature 252 (1974), 243-244.
    • (1974) Nature , vol.252 , pp. 243-244
    • Kirkwood, P.A.1    Sears, T.A.2
  • 118
    • 0023724092 scopus 로고
    • Properties of somata of dorsal root ganglion cells differ according to peripheral receptor innervated.
    • Koeber, H.R., Druzinsky, R.E., Mendeil, L.M., Properties of somata of dorsal root ganglion cells differ according to peripheral receptor innervated. J. Neurophysiol. 60 (1988), 1584-1596.
    • (1988) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.60 , pp. 1584-1596
    • Koeber, H.R.1    Druzinsky, R.E.2    Mendeil, L.M.3
  • 119
    • 0033536929 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Segment-specific branching patterns of single vestibulospinal tract axons arising from the lateral vestibular nucleus in the cat: a PHA-L tracing study.
    • Kuze, B., Matsuyama, K., Matsu, T., Miyata, H., Mori, S., Segment-specific branching patterns of single vestibulospinal tract axons arising from the lateral vestibular nucleus in the cat: a PHA-L tracing study. J. Comp. Neurol. 414 (1999), 80-96.
    • (1999) J. Comp. Neurol. , vol.414 , pp. 80-96
    • Kuze, B.1    Matsuyama, K.2    Matsu, T.3    Miyata, H.4    Mori, S.5
  • 122
    • 0031866154 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bistability of spinal motoneurons in vivo: systematic variations in rhythmic firing patterns.
    • Lee, R.H., Heckman, C.J., Bistability of spinal motoneurons in vivo: systematic variations in rhythmic firing patterns. J. Neurophysiol. 80 (1998), 572-582.
    • (1998) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.80 , pp. 572-582
    • Lee, R.H.1    Heckman, C.J.2
  • 123
    • 0031813246 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bistability of spinal motoneurons in vivo: systematic variations in persistent inward currents.
    • Lee, R.H., Heckman, C.J., Bistability of spinal motoneurons in vivo: systematic variations in persistent inward currents. J. Neurophysiol. 80 (1998), 583-593.
    • (1998) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.80 , pp. 583-593
    • Lee, R.H.1    Heckman, C.J.2
  • 124
    • 0006671550 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of persistent component of fast sodium channel in rhythmic action potential formation in motoneurons.
    • Lee, R.H., Heckman, C.J., Role of persistent component of fast sodium channel in rhythmic action potential formation in motoneurons. Soc. Neurosci. Abstr., 24, 1998, 1077.
    • (1998) Soc. Neurosci. Abstr. , vol.24 , pp. 1077
    • Lee, R.H.1    Heckman, C.J.2
  • 126
    • 0004458767 scopus 로고
    • Charles Scott Sherrington: 1857-1952.
    • The Royal Society London no. 21
    • Liddell, E.G.T., Charles Scott Sherrington: 1857-1952. Obituary Notices of Fellows of the Royal Society, Vol. 8, 1952, The Royal Society, London, 241-270 no. 21.
    • (1952) Obituary Notices of Fellows of the Royal Society , vol.8 , pp. 241-270
    • Liddell, E.G.T.1
  • 129
    • 0026065520 scopus 로고
    • Distribution of effective synaptic currents underlying recurrent inhibition in cat triceps surae motoneurons.
    • Lindsay, A.D., Binder, M.D., Distribution of effective synaptic currents underlying recurrent inhibition in cat triceps surae motoneurons. J. Neurophysiol. 65 (1991), 168-177.
    • (1991) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.65 , pp. 168-177
    • Lindsay, A.D.1    Binder, M.D.2
  • 130
    • 0002613485 scopus 로고
    • Electrical activity of human motor units during voluntary contraction.
    • Lindsley, D.B., Electrical activity of human motor units during voluntary contraction. Am. J. Physiol. 114 (1935), 90-99.
    • (1935) Am. J. Physiol. , vol.114 , pp. 90-99
    • Lindsley, D.B.1
  • 131
    • 0242441895 scopus 로고
    • On the gradation of contraction in a skeletal muscle fibre.
    • Lucas, K., On the gradation of contraction in a skeletal muscle fibre. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 33 (1905), 125-137.
    • (1905) J. Physiol. (Lond.) , vol.33 , pp. 125-137
    • Lucas, K.1
  • 132
    • 0011137163 scopus 로고
    • The evolution of animal function.
    • Lucas, K., The evolution of animal function. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 3 (1909), 472-483.
    • (1909) J. Physiol. (Lond.) , vol.3 , pp. 472-483
    • Lucas, K.1
  • 133
    • 0014651983 scopus 로고
    • Convergence of excitatory and inhibitory action on interneurones in the spinal cord.
    • M.A.B. Brazier University of California Press Los Angeles (CA)
    • Lundberg, A., Convergence of excitatory and inhibitory action on interneurones in the spinal cord. Brazier, M.A.B., (eds.) The Interneuron, 1969, University of California Press, Los Angeles (CA), 231-236.
    • (1969) The Interneuron , pp. 231-236
    • Lundberg, A.1
  • 134
    • 0031840892 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NMDA receptor-mediated oscillatory activity in the neonatal rat spinal cord is serotonin dependent.
    • MacLean, J.N., Cowley, K.C., Schmidt, B.J., NMDA receptor-mediated oscillatory activity in the neonatal rat spinal cord is serotonin dependent. J. Neurophysiol. 79 (1998), 2804-2808.
    • (1998) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.79 , pp. 2804-2808
    • MacLean, J.N.1    Cowley, K.C.2    Schmidt, B.J.3
  • 135
    • 0031411088 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NMDA receptor activation triggers voltage oscillations, plateau potentials and bursting in neonatal rat lumbar motoneurons in vitro.
    • MacLean, J.N., Schmidt, B.J., Hochman, S., NMDA receptor activation triggers voltage oscillations, plateau potentials and bursting in neonatal rat lumbar motoneurons in vitro. Eur. J. Neurosci. 12 (1997), 2702-2711.
    • (1997) Eur. J. Neurosci. , vol.12 , pp. 2702-2711
    • MacLean, J.N.1    Schmidt, B.J.2    Hochman, S.3
  • 136
    • 0026526837 scopus 로고
    • Movement, posture and equilibrium: interaction and coordination.
    • Massion, J., Movement, posture and equilibrium: interaction and coordination. Prog. Neurobiol. 38 (1992), 35-56.
    • (1992) Prog. Neurobiol. , vol.38 , pp. 35-56
    • Massion, J.1
  • 137
    • 0033517174 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Morphology of single pontine reticulospinal axons in the lumbar enlargement of the cat: a study using the anterograde tracer PHA-L.
    • Matsuyama, K., Mori, F., Kuze, B., Mori, S., Morphology of single pontine reticulospinal axons in the lumbar enlargement of the cat: a study using the anterograde tracer PHA-L. J. Comp. Neurol. 410 (1999), 413-430.
    • (1999) J. Comp. Neurol. , vol.410 , pp. 413-430
    • Matsuyama, K.1    Mori, F.2    Kuze, B.3    Mori, S.4
  • 138
    • 0032426781 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lumbar interneurons involved in the generation of fictive locomotion in cats.
    • O. Kiehn R.M. Harris-Warrick L.M. Jordan H. Hultborn N. Kudo Ann. NY Acad. Sci.
    • Matsuyama, S., Mori, S., Lumbar interneurons involved in the generation of fictive locomotion in cats. Kiehn, O., Harris-Warrick, R.M., Jordan, L.M., Hultborn, H., Kudo, N., (eds.) Neuronal Mechanisms for Generating Locomotor Activity, 860, 1998, Ann. NY Acad. Sci., 441-443.
    • (1998) Neuronal Mechanisms for Generating Locomotor Activity , vol.860 , pp. 441-443
    • Matsuyama, S.1    Mori, S.2
  • 142
    • 0000802456 scopus 로고
    • Can sense be made of spinal interneuron circuits?
    • McCrea, D.A., Can sense be made of spinal interneuron circuits?. Behav. Brain Sci. 15 (1992), 633-643.
    • (1992) Behav. Brain Sci. , vol.15 , pp. 633-643
    • McCrea, D.A.1
  • 143
    • 0032430682 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuronal basis of afferent-evoked enhancement of locomotor activity.
    • O. Kiehn R.M. Harris-Warrick L.M. Jordan H. Hultborn N. Kudo Ann. NY Acad. Sci.
    • McCrea, D.A., Neuronal basis of afferent-evoked enhancement of locomotor activity. Kiehn, O., Harris-Warrick, R.M., Jordan, L.M., Hultborn, H., Kudo, N., (eds.) Neuronal Mechanisms for Generating Locomotor Activity, 860, 1998, Ann. NY Acad. Sci., 216-225.
    • (1998) Neuronal Mechanisms for Generating Locomotor Activity , vol.860 , pp. 216-225
    • McCrea, D.A.1
  • 144
    • 0019084950 scopus 로고
    • A commentary on muscle unit properties in cat hindlimb muscles.
    • McDonagh, J.C., Binder, M.D., Reinking, R.M., Stuart, D.G., A commentary on muscle unit properties in cat hindlimb muscles. J. Morphol. 166 (1980), 217-230.
    • (1980) J. Morphol. , vol.166 , pp. 217-230
    • McDonagh, J.C.1    Binder, M.D.2    Reinking, R.M.3    Stuart, D.G.4
  • 145
    • 0003016047 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A commentary on the properties of spinal interneurons vs. motoneurons in vertebrates, and their firing-rate behavior during movement.
    • G.N. Gantchev S. Mori J. Massion Academic Publishing House “Prof. M. Drinov” Sofia
    • McDonagh, J.C., Callister, R.J., Brichta, A., Reinking, R.M, Stuart, D.G., A commentary on the properties of spinal interneurons vs. motoneurons in vertebrates, and their firing-rate behavior during movement. Gantchev, G.N., Mori, S., Massion, J., (eds.) Motor Control Today and Tomorrow, 1999, Academic Publishing House “Prof. M. Drinov”, Sofia, 3-31.
    • (1999) Motor Control Today and Tomorrow , pp. 3-31
    • McDonagh, J.C.1    Callister, R.J.2    Brichta, A.3    Reinking, R.M.4    Stuart, D.G.5
  • 146
    • 0032476540 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Properties of spinal motoneurons and interneurons in the adult turtle: Provisional classification by cluster analysis.
    • McDonagh, J.C., Gorman, R.B., Gilliam, E.E., Hornby, T.G., Reinking, R.M., Stuart, D.G., Properties of spinal motoneurons and interneurons in the adult turtle: Provisional classification by cluster analysis. J. Comp. Neurol. 400 (1998), 544-570.
    • (1998) J. Comp. Neurol. , vol.400 , pp. 544-570
    • McDonagh, J.C.1    Gorman, R.B.2    Gilliam, E.E.3    Hornby, T.G.4    Reinking, R.M.5    Stuart, D.G.6
  • 148
    • 0001183759 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Morphological and physiological properties of turtle spinal motoneurons and interneurons.
    • Abstr. 24
    • McDonagh, J.C., Hornby, T.G., Reinking, R.M., Stuart, D.G., Morphological and physiological properties of turtle spinal motoneurons and interneurons. Soc. Neurosci., 1998, 914 Abstr. 24.
    • (1998) Soc. Neurosci. , pp. 914
    • McDonagh, J.C.1    Hornby, T.G.2    Reinking, R.M.3    Stuart, D.G.4
  • 149
    • 0027170885 scopus 로고
    • Nociception from skeletal muscle in relation to clinical muscle pain.
    • Mense, S., Nociception from skeletal muscle in relation to clinical muscle pain. Pain 54 (1993), 241-289.
    • (1993) Pain , vol.54 , pp. 241-289
    • Mense, S.1
  • 150
    • 80052023005 scopus 로고
    • On the summation of contractions.
    • Mines, G.R., On the summation of contractions. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 169 (1913), 1-27.
    • (1913) J. Physiol. (Lond.) , vol.169 , pp. 1-27
    • Mines, G.R.1
  • 151
    • 0032801907 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stimulation of a restricted region in the midline cerebellar white matter evokes coordinated quadrupedal locomotion in the decerebrate cat.
    • Mori, S., Matsui, T., Kuze, B., Asanome, K., Nakajima, K., Matsuyama, K., Stimulation of a restricted region in the midline cerebellar white matter evokes coordinated quadrupedal locomotion in the decerebrate cat. J. Neurophysiol. 82 (1999), 290-300.
    • (1999) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.82 , pp. 290-300
    • Mori, S.1    Matsui, T.2    Kuze, B.3    Asanome, K.4    Nakajima, K.5    Matsuyama, K.6
  • 152
    • 0344631364 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Features of the fastigio-reticulo-spinal system involved in the control of posture and locomotion in the cat.
    • G.N. Gantchev S. Mori J. Massion Academic Publishing House “Prof. M. Drinov” Sofia
    • Mori, S., Matsuyama, K., Kuze, B., Mori, F., Features of the fastigio-reticulo-spinal system involved in the control of posture and locomotion in the cat. Gantchev, G.N., Mori, S., Massion, J., (eds.) Motor Control Today and Tomorrow, 1999, Academic Publishing House “Prof. M. Drinov”, Sofia, 31-45.
    • (1999) Motor Control Today and Tomorrow , pp. 31-45
    • Mori, S.1    Matsuyama, K.2    Kuze, B.3    Mori, F.4
  • 153
    • 0014126384 scopus 로고
    • Anamolous rectification in cat spinal motoneurons and effect of polarizing currents on excitatory postsynaptic potential.
    • Nelson, P.G., Frank, K., Anamolous rectification in cat spinal motoneurons and effect of polarizing currents on excitatory postsynaptic potential. J. Neurophysiol. 30 (1967), 1097-1113.
    • (1967) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.30 , pp. 1097-1113
    • Nelson, P.G.1    Frank, K.2
  • 155
    • 0028151520 scopus 로고
    • A biomechanical perspective on spinal mechanisms of coordinated muscular action: an architecture principle.
    • Nichols, T.R., A biomechanical perspective on spinal mechanisms of coordinated muscular action: an architecture principle. Acta Anat. 151 (1994), 1-13.
    • (1994) Acta Anat. , vol.151 , pp. 1-13
    • Nichols, T.R.1
  • 156
    • 0001191528 scopus 로고
    • Control of locomotion: A neurophysiological analysis of the cat locomotor system.
    • R. Porter University Park Press Baltimore
    • Orlovsky, G., Shik, M.L., Control of locomotion: A neurophysiological analysis of the cat locomotor system. Porter, R., (eds.) Neurophysiology II, Vol. 10, International Review of Neurophysiology, 1976, University Park Press, Baltimore, 291-317.
    • (1976) Neurophysiology II, Vol. 10, International Review of Neurophysiology , pp. 291-317
    • Orlovsky, G.1    Shik, M.L.2
  • 158
    • 0028678455 scopus 로고
    • David P.C. Lloyd. Biographical Memoirs.
    • Patton, H.D., David P.C. Lloyd. Biographical Memoirs. Nat. Acad. Sci. 65 (1994), 197-209.
    • (1994) Nat. Acad. Sci. , vol.65 , pp. 197-209
    • Patton, H.D.1
  • 159
    • 0027476137 scopus 로고
    • Common principles of motor control in vertebrates and invertebrates.
    • Pearson, K.G., Common principles of motor control in vertebrates and invertebrates. Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 16 (1993), 265-297.
    • (1993) Annu. Rev. Neurosci. , vol.16 , pp. 265-297
    • Pearson, K.G.1
  • 160
    • 0000421040 scopus 로고
    • Parallels with other invertebrate and vertebrate systems.
    • R.M. Harris-Warrick E. Marder A.I. Selverston M. Moulins MIT Press Cambridge (MA)
    • Pearson, K.G., Ramirez, J-M., Parallels with other invertebrate and vertebrate systems. Harris-Warrick, R.M., Marder, E., Selverston, A.I., Moulins, M., (eds.) Dynamic Biological Networks: the Stomatogastric Nervous System, 1992, MIT Press, Cambridge (MA), 263-281.
    • (1992) Dynamic Biological Networks: the Stomatogastric Nervous System , pp. 263-281
    • Pearson, K.G.1    Ramirez, J.-M.2
  • 161
    • 0002725127 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sensory modulation of pattern generating circuits.
    • P.S.G. Stein S. Grillner A.I. Selverston D.G. Stuart MIT Press Cambridge
    • Pearson, K.G., Ramirez, J-M., Sensory modulation of pattern generating circuits. Stein, P.S.G., Grillner, S., Selverston, A.I., Stuart, D.G., (eds.) Neurons, Networks, and Motor Behavior, 1997, MIT Press, Cambridge, 225-235.
    • (1997) Neurons, Networks, and Motor Behavior , pp. 225-235
    • Pearson, K.G.1    Ramirez, J.-M.2
  • 162
    • 0026640225 scopus 로고
    • Effective synaptic current can be estimated from measurement of motoneuron discharge.
    • Powers, R.K., Robinson, F.R., Konodi, M.A., Binder, M.D., Effective synaptic current can be estimated from measurement of motoneuron discharge. J. Neurophysiol. 68 (1992), 964-968.
    • (1992) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.68 , pp. 964-968
    • Powers, R.K.1    Robinson, F.R.2    Konodi, M.A.3    Binder, M.D.4
  • 163
    • 0032975272 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple mechanisms of spike-frequency adaptation in motoneurones.
    • Powers, R.K., Sawczuk, A., Musick, J.R., Binder, M.D., Multiple mechanisms of spike-frequency adaptation in motoneurones. J. Physiol. (Paris) 93 (1999), 101-114.
    • (1999) J. Physiol. (Paris) , vol.93 , pp. 101-114
    • Powers, R.K.1    Sawczuk, A.2    Musick, J.R.3    Binder, M.D.4
  • 165
    • 0032520096 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Models of ensemble firing of muscle spindle afferents recorded during normal locomotion in cats.
    • Prochazka, A., Gorassini, M.A., Models of ensemble firing of muscle spindle afferents recorded during normal locomotion in cats. J. Neurophysiol. 507 (1998), 277-291.
    • (1998) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.507 , pp. 277-291
    • Prochazka, A.1    Gorassini, M.A.2
  • 166
    • 0033989951 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of muscle receptors in the detection of movements.
    • Proske, U., Wise, A.K., Gregory, J.E., The role of muscle receptors in the detection of movements. Prog. Neurobiol. 60 (1999), 83-94.
    • (1999) Prog. Neurobiol. , vol.60 , pp. 83-94
    • Proske, U.1    Wise, A.K.2    Gregory, J.E.3
  • 167
    • 0014124225 scopus 로고
    • Distinguishing theoretical synaptic potentials computed for different soma-dendritic distributions of synaptic input.
    • Rall, W., Distinguishing theoretical synaptic potentials computed for different soma-dendritic distributions of synaptic input. J. Neurophysiol. 30 (1967), 1138-1168.
    • (1967) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.30 , pp. 1138-1168
    • Rall, W.1
  • 168
    • 33744936831 scopus 로고
    • Path to biophysical insights about dendrites and synaptic function.
    • F. Samson G. Adelman Birkhuser Boston
    • Rall, W., Path to biophysical insights about dendrites and synaptic function. Samson, F., Adelman, G., (eds.) The Neurosciences: Paths of Discovery, II, 1992, Birkhuser, Boston, 214-238.
    • (1992) The Neurosciences: Paths of Discovery , vol.2 , pp. 214-238
    • Rall, W.1
  • 170
    • 0014125975 scopus 로고
    • Dendritic location of synapses and possible mechanisms for the monosynaptic EPSPs in motoneurons.
    • Rall, W., Burke, R.E., Smith, T.G., Nelson, P.G., Frank, K., Dendritic location of synapses and possible mechanisms for the monosynaptic EPSPs in motoneurons. J. Neurophysiol. 30 (1967), 1169-1193.
    • (1967) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.30 , pp. 1169-1193
    • Rall, W.1    Burke, R.E.2    Smith, T.G.3    Nelson, P.G.4    Frank, K.5
  • 171
    • 0001089086 scopus 로고
    • Muscle fiber types in crabs: studies ion single identified muscle fibers.
    • Rathmayer, W., Maier, L., Muscle fiber types in crabs: studies ion single identified muscle fibers. Am. Zool. 27 (1987), 1067-1077.
    • (1987) Am. Zool. , vol.27 , pp. 1067-1077
    • Rathmayer, W.1    Maier, L.2
  • 172
    • 0000883909 scopus 로고
    • A quantitative approach to the integrative function of dendrites.
    • R. Porter University Park Press Baltimore
    • Redman, R., A quantitative approach to the integrative function of dendrites. Porter, R., (eds.) International Review of Physiology: Neuroscience, Vol. 10, 1976, University Park Press, Baltimore, 1-36.
    • (1976) International Review of Physiology: Neuroscience , vol.10 , pp. 1-36
    • Redman, R.1
  • 173
    • 0031596646 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PreBotzinger complex and pacemaker neurons: hypothesized site and kernel for respiratory rhythm generation.
    • Rekling, J.C., Feldman, J.L., PreBotzinger complex and pacemaker neurons: hypothesized site and kernel for respiratory rhythm generation. Annu. Rev. Physiol. 60 (1998), 385-405.
    • (1998) Annu. Rev. Physiol. , vol.60 , pp. 385-405
    • Rekling, J.C.1    Feldman, J.L.2
  • 176
    • 0017844888 scopus 로고
    • Bursting neural networks: a reexamination.
    • Russell, D.F., Hartline, D.K., Bursting neural networks: a reexamination. Science 200 (1978), 453-456.
    • (1978) Science , vol.200 , pp. 453-456
    • Russell, D.F.1    Hartline, D.K.2
  • 177
    • 0029670122 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • + currents in neurones: Types, physiological roles and modulation.
    • + currents in neurones: Types, physiological roles and modulation. Trends Neurosci. 19 (1996), 150-154.
    • (1996) Trends Neurosci. , vol.19 , pp. 150-154
    • Sah, P.1
  • 179
    • 0027225482 scopus 로고
    • Calcium currents in acutley isolated human neocortical neurons.
    • Sayer, R.J., Brown, A.M., Schwindt, P.C., Crill, W.E., Calcium currents in acutley isolated human neocortical neurons. J. Neurophysiol. 69 (1993), 1596-1606.
    • (1993) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.69 , pp. 1596-1606
    • Sayer, R.J.1    Brown, A.M.2    Schwindt, P.C.3    Crill, W.E.4
  • 180
    • 0028339308 scopus 로고
    • Afterhyperpolarization modulation in lumbar motoneurons during locomotor-like rhythmic activity in the neonatal rat spinal cord in vitro.
    • Schmidt, B.J., Afterhyperpolarization modulation in lumbar motoneurons during locomotor-like rhythmic activity in the neonatal rat spinal cord in vitro. Exp. Brain. Res. 99 (1994), 214-222.
    • (1994) Exp. Brain. Res. , vol.99 , pp. 214-222
    • Schmidt, B.J.1
  • 181
    • 0030461553 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The articular polymodal nociceptor in health and disease.
    • Schmidt, R.F., The articular polymodal nociceptor in health and disease. Prog. Brain Res. 113 (1996), 53-81.
    • (1996) Prog. Brain Res. , vol.113 , pp. 53-81
    • Schmidt, R.F.1
  • 182
    • 0018857142 scopus 로고
    • Role of a persistent inward current in motoneuron bursting during spinal seizures.
    • Schwindt, P., Crill, W.E., Role of a persistent inward current in motoneuron bursting during spinal seizures. J. Neurophysiol. 43 (1980), 1296-1318.
    • (1980) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.43 , pp. 1296-1318
    • Schwindt, P.1    Crill, W.E.2
  • 183
    • 0000350741 scopus 로고
    • Membrane properties of cat spinal motoneurons.
    • R.A. Davidoff Marcel Dekker New York
    • Schwindt, P., Crill, W.E., Membrane properties of cat spinal motoneurons. Davidoff, R.A., (eds.) Handbook of the Spinal Cord, 1984, Marcel Dekker, New York, 199-242.
    • (1984) Handbook of the Spinal Cord , pp. 199-242
    • Schwindt, P.1    Crill, W.E.2
  • 184
    • 0033018304 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms underlying burst and regular spiking evoked by dendritic depolarization in layer 5 cortical pyramidal neurons.
    • Schwindt, P., Crill, W.E., Mechanisms underlying burst and regular spiking evoked by dendritic depolarization in layer 5 cortical pyramidal neurons. J. Neurophysiol. 81 (1999), 1341-1354.
    • (1999) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.81 , pp. 1341-1354
    • Schwindt, P.1    Crill, W.E.2
  • 185
    • 0026610381 scopus 로고
    • Responses of medullary and spinal neurons to simultaneous stimulation of two locomotor points.
    • In Russian
    • Selionov, V.A., Shik, M.L., Responses of medullary and spinal neurons to simultaneous stimulation of two locomotor points. Neurophysiology 24 (1992), 471-481 In Russian.
    • (1992) Neurophysiology , vol.24 , pp. 471-481
    • Selionov, V.A.1    Shik, M.L.2
  • 187
    • 0032414906 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Basic principles for generating motor output in the stomatogastric ganglion.
    • O. Kiehn R.M. Harris-Warrick L.M. Jordan H. Hultborn N. Kudo Ann. NY Acad. Sci.
    • Selverston, A., Elson, R., Rabinovich, M., Huerta, R., Abarbanel, H., Basic principles for generating motor output in the stomatogastric ganglion. Kiehn, O., Harris-Warrick, R.M., Jordan, L.M., Hultborn, H., Kudo, N., (eds.) Neuronal Mechanisms for Generating Locomotor Activity, 860, 1998, Ann. NY Acad. Sci., 35-50.
    • (1998) Neuronal Mechanisms for Generating Locomotor Activity , vol.860 , pp. 35-50
    • Selverston, A.1    Elson, R.2    Rabinovich, M.3    Huerta, R.4    Abarbanel, H.5
  • 189
    • 0000546367 scopus 로고
    • Some functional problems attaching to convergence. Ferrier lecture
    • Sherrington, C.S., Some functional problems attaching to convergence. Ferrier lecture. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. 105 (1929), 332-362.
    • (1929) Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. , vol.105 , pp. 332-362
    • Sherrington, C.S.1
  • 190
    • 0001761874 scopus 로고
    • Control of walking and running by means of electrical stimulation of the mid-brain.
    • Shik, M.L., Orlovsky, G., Severin, F.V., Control of walking and running by means of electrical stimulation of the mid-brain. Biophysics 11 (1966), 756-765.
    • (1966) Biophysics , vol.11 , pp. 756-765
    • Shik, M.L.1    Orlovsky, G.2    Severin, F.V.3
  • 191
    • 0029550297 scopus 로고
    • Modulation and specification of motor rhythm-generating circuits in crustacea.
    • Simmers, J., Meyrand, P., Moulins, M., Modulation and specification of motor rhythm-generating circuits in crustacea. J. Physiol. (Paris) 89 (1995), 195-208.
    • (1995) J. Physiol. (Paris) , vol.89 , pp. 195-208
    • Simmers, J.1    Meyrand, P.2    Moulins, M.3
  • 192
    • 0006692262 scopus 로고
    • Action potentials from single motor units in voluntary contraction.
    • Smith, O.C., Action potentials from single motor units in voluntary contraction. Am J. Physiol. 108 (1934), 629-638.
    • (1934) Am J. Physiol. , vol.108 , pp. 629-638
    • Smith, O.C.1
  • 193
    • 0014127890 scopus 로고
    • Membrane impedance changes during synaptic transmission in cat spinal motoneurons.
    • Smith, T.G., Wuerker, R.B., Frank, K., Membrane impedance changes during synaptic transmission in cat spinal motoneurons. J. Neurophysiol. 30 (1967), 1072-1096.
    • (1967) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.30 , pp. 1072-1096
    • Smith, T.G.1    Wuerker, R.B.2    Frank, K.3
  • 194
    • 0017051684 scopus 로고
    • Analysis of muscle receptor connections by spike-triggered averaging: 2. Spindle group II atferents.
    • Stauffer, E.K., Taylor, D.G.D., Watt, A., Reinking, R.M., Stuart, D.G., Analysis of muscle receptor connections by spike-triggered averaging: 2. Spindle group II atferents. J. Neurophysiol. 39 (1976), 1393-1402.
    • (1976) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.39 , pp. 1393-1402
    • Stauffer, E.K.1    Taylor, D.G.D.2    Watt, A.3    Reinking, R.M.4    Stuart, D.G.5
  • 195
    • 0010208797 scopus 로고
    • A multi-level approach to motor pattern generation.
    • W.R. Ferrell U. Proske Plenum Press New York
    • Stein, P.S.G., A multi-level approach to motor pattern generation. Ferrell, W.R., Proske, U., (eds.) Neural Control of Movement, 1995, Plenum Press, New York, 159-165.
    • (1995) Neural Control of Movement , pp. 159-165
    • Stein, P.S.G.1
  • 198
    • 0032432901 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spinal motor patterns in the turtle.
    • O. Kiehn R.M. Harris-Warrick L.M. Jordan H. Hultborn N. Kudo Ann. NY Acad. Sci.
    • Stein, P.S.G., McCullough, M.L., Currie, S.C., Spinal motor patterns in the turtle. Kiehn, O., Harris-Warrick, R.M., Jordan, L.M., Hultborn, H., Kudo, N., (eds.) Neuronal Mechanisms for Generating Locomotor Activity, 860, 1998, Ann. NY Acad. Sci., 142-154.
    • (1998) Neuronal Mechanisms for Generating Locomotor Activity , vol.860 , pp. 142-154
    • Stein, P.S.G.1    McCullough, M.L.2    Currie, S.C.3
  • 199
    • 0002207920 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neural and biomechanical control strategies for different forms of vertebrate hindlimb motor tasks.
    • P.S.G. Stein S. Grillner A.I. Selverston D.G. Stuart MIT Press Boston
    • Stein, P.S.G., Smith, J.L., Neural and biomechanical control strategies for different forms of vertebrate hindlimb motor tasks. Stein, P.S.G., Grillner, S., Selverston, A.I., Stuart, D.G., (eds.) Neurons, Networks, and Motor Behavior, 1997, MIT Press, Boston, 61-73.
    • (1997) Neurons, Networks, and Motor Behavior , pp. 61-73
    • Stein, P.S.G.1    Smith, J.L.2
  • 200
    • 0015503818 scopus 로고
    • New methods for analysing motor function in man and animals.
    • Stein, R.B., French, A.S., Mannard, A., Yemm, R., New methods for analysing motor function in man and animals. Brain. Res. 40 (1972), 187-192.
    • (1972) Brain. Res. , vol.40 , pp. 187-192
    • Stein, R.B.1    French, A.S.2    Mannard, A.3    Yemm, R.4
  • 201
    • 0000926270 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oculomotor control in insects: From muscles to elementary motion detectors.
    • P.S.G. Stein S. Grillner A.I. Selverston D.G. Stuart MIT Press Boston (MA)
    • Strausfeld, N.J., Oculomotor control in insects: From muscles to elementary motion detectors. Stein, P.S.G., Grillner, S., Selverston, A.I., Stuart, D.G., (eds.) Neurons, Networks, and Motor Behavior, 1997, MIT Press, Boston (MA), 277-284.
    • (1997) Neurons, Networks, and Motor Behavior , pp. 277-284
    • Strausfeld, N.J.1
  • 204
    • 84911258897 scopus 로고
    • Motor unit organization: Application of the quadripartite classification scheme to human muscles.
    • P.J. Dyck P.K. Thomas E.H. Lambert R.P. Bunge Saunders Philadelphia
    • Stuart, D.G., Binder, M.D., Enoka, R.M., Motor unit organization: Application of the quadripartite classification scheme to human muscles. Dyck, P.J., Thomas, P.K., Lambert, E.H., Bunge, R.P., (eds.) Peripheral Neuropathy, Vol. I, 1984, Saunders, Philadelphia, 1067-1090.
    • (1984) Peripheral Neuropathy , vol.1 , pp. 1067-1090
    • Stuart, D.G.1    Binder, M.D.2    Enoka, R.M.3
  • 205
    • 0001441345 scopus 로고
    • Afferent and spinal reflex aspects of muscle fatigue: Issues and speculations.
    • A.J. Sargeant D. Kernell Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, North-Holland Amsterdam
    • Stuart, D.G., Callister, R.J., Afferent and spinal reflex aspects of muscle fatigue: Issues and speculations. Sargeant, A.J., Kernell, D., (eds.) Neuromuscular Fatigue, 1993, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, North-Holland, Amsterdam, 169-180.
    • (1993) Neuromuscular Fatigue , pp. 169-180
    • Stuart, D.G.1    Callister, R.J.2
  • 206
    • 0001704972 scopus 로고
    • Motoneurons, motor units, and the size principle.
    • R.N. Rosenberg W.D. Willis Churchill Livingstone New York Sec. 5
    • Stuart, D.G., Enoka, R.M., Motoneurons, motor units, and the size principle. Rosenberg, R.N., Willis, W.D., (eds.) The Clinical Neurosciences, Neurobiology, 1983, Churchill Livingstone, New York, 471-517 Sec. 5.
    • (1983) The Clinical Neurosciences, Neurobiology , pp. 471-517
    • Stuart, D.G.1    Enoka, R.M.2
  • 207
    • 0345281237 scopus 로고
    • Hennerman's contributions in historical perspective.
    • M.D. Binder L.M. Mendell Oxford University Press New York
    • Stuart, D.G., Enoka, R.M., Hennerman's contributions in historical perspective. Binder, M.D., Mendell, L.M., (eds.) The Segmental Motor System, 1990, Oxford University Press, New York, 3-19.
    • (1990) The Segmental Motor System , pp. 3-19
    • Stuart, D.G.1    Enoka, R.M.2
  • 209
  • 210
    • 0010122266 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reflections on a Bernsteinian approach to systems neuroscience: The controlled locomotion of high-decerebrate cats.
    • M. Latash Human Kinetics Champaign, IL
    • Stuart, D.G., McDonagh, J.C., Reflections on a Bernsteinian approach to systems neuroscience: The controlled locomotion of high-decerebrate cats. Latash, M., (eds.) Progress in Motor Control: Bernstein's Traditions in Movement Studies, 1998, Human Kinetics, Champaign, IL, 21-49.
    • (1998) Progress in Motor Control: Bernstein's Traditions in Movement Studies , pp. 21-49
    • Stuart, D.G.1    McDonagh, J.C.2
  • 211
    • 85023003800 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comments on Sir Charles Scott Sherrington's ‘Inhibition as a co-ordinative factor’. Nobel Lecture delivered in Stockholm, 12/12/1932. Stockholm. P.A. Norstedt. 1933.
    • M.L. Latash V. Zatsiorsky Human Kinetics Champaign (IL) In press
    • Stuart, D.G., Pierce, P.A., Callister, R.J., Brichta, A.M., McDonagh, J.C., Comments on Sir Charles Scott Sherrington's ‘Inhibition as a co-ordinative factor’. Nobel Lecture delivered in Stockholm, 12/12/1932. Stockholm. P.A. Norstedt. 1933. Latash, M.L., Zatsiorsky, V., (eds.) Classical Papers in Movement Science, 1999, Human Kinetics, Champaign (IL) In press.
    • (1999) Classical Papers in Movement Science
    • Stuart, D.G.1    Pierce, P.A.2    Callister, R.J.3    Brichta, A.M.4    McDonagh, J.C.5
  • 212
    • 25544458405 scopus 로고
    • Ontogeny and morphology of neuronal structures controlling tetrapod locomotion.
    • D.B. Wake G. Roth Wiley New York
    • Szekely, G., Ontogeny and morphology of neuronal structures controlling tetrapod locomotion. Wake, D.B., Roth, G., (eds.) Complex Organismal Functions: Integration and Evolution in Vertebrates, 1989, Wiley, New York, 117-131.
    • (1989) Complex Organismal Functions: Integration and Evolution in Vertebrates , pp. 117-131
    • Szekely, G.1
  • 213
    • 0027050488 scopus 로고
    • Functional correlation of fetal and adult forms of glycine receptors with developmental changes in inhibitory synaptic receptor channels.
    • Takahashi, T., Momiyama, A., Hirai, K., Hishinuma, F., Akagi, H., Functional correlation of fetal and adult forms of glycine receptors with developmental changes in inhibitory synaptic receptor channels. Neuron 9 (1992), 1155-1161.
    • (1992) Neuron , vol.9 , pp. 1155-1161
    • Takahashi, T.1    Momiyama, A.2    Hirai, K.3    Hishinuma, F.4    Akagi, H.5
  • 216
    • 2642639619 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Passive electrical properties of ventral horn neurones in rat spinal cord slices.
    • Thurbon, D., Luscher, H.R., Hofstetter, T., Redman, S.J., Passive electrical properties of ventral horn neurones in rat spinal cord slices. J. Neurophysiol. 80 (1998), 2485-2502.
    • (1998) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.80 , pp. 2485-2502
    • Thurbon, D.1    Luscher, H.R.2    Hofstetter, T.3    Redman, S.J.4
  • 217
    • 0010115040 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vertebrate nervous system.
    • W.H. Dantzler Oxford University Press New York Sec. 13
    • Ulinsky, P.S., Vertebrate nervous system. Dantzler, W.H., (eds.) Comparative Physiolog, Vol. II, 1997, Oxford University Press, New York, 17-53 Sec. 13.
    • (1997) Comparative Physiolog , vol.2 , pp. 17-53
    • Ulinsky, P.S.1
  • 218
  • 219
    • 0032568980 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Renaming the ‘Henneman Size Principle’.
    • Vilensky, J.A., Gilman, S., Renaming the ‘Henneman Size Principle’. Science, 280, 1998, 2031.
    • (1998) Science , vol.280 , pp. 2031
    • Vilensky, J.A.1    Gilman, S.2
  • 220
    • 0031608493 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Derek E. Denny-Brown (1901-1981): His life and influence on American neurology.
    • Vilensky, J.A., Gilman, S., Dunn, E., Derek E. Denny-Brown (1901-1981): His life and influence on American neurology. J. Med. Biograph. 6 (1998), 73-78.
    • (1998) J. Med. Biograph. , vol.6 , pp. 73-78
    • Vilensky, J.A.1    Gilman, S.2    Dunn, E.3
  • 221
    • 0023404899 scopus 로고
    • N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-induced, inherent oscillatory activity in neurons active during fictive locomotion in the lamprey.
    • Wallén, P., Grillner, S., N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-induced, inherent oscillatory activity in neurons active during fictive locomotion in the lamprey. J. Neurosci. 7 (1987), 2745-2755.
    • (1987) J. Neurosci. , vol.7 , pp. 2745-2755
    • Wallén, P.1    Grillner, S.2
  • 222
    • 0018075476 scopus 로고
    • Forces produced by medial gastrocnemius and soleus muscles during locomotion in freely moving cats.
    • Walmsley, B., Hodgson, J.A., Burke, R.E., Forces produced by medial gastrocnemius and soleus muscles during locomotion in freely moving cats. J. Neurophysiol. 41 (1978), 1203-1216.
    • (1978) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.41 , pp. 1203-1216
    • Walmsley, B.1    Hodgson, J.A.2    Burke, R.E.3
  • 223
    • 0032614378 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of hair bundle mechanoreceptors in sea anemones and vertebrate systems.
    • Watson, G.M., Mire, P., A comparison of hair bundle mechanoreceptors in sea anemones and vertebrate systems. Curr. Top. Dev. Biol. 43 (1999), 51-84.
    • (1999) Curr. Top. Dev. Biol. , vol.43 , pp. 51-84
    • Watson, G.M.1    Mire, P.2
  • 224
    • 0017034559 scopus 로고
    • Analysis of muscle receptor connections by spike-triggered averaging: 1. Spindle primary and tendon organ afferents.
    • Watt, D.G.D., Stauffer, E.K., Taylor, A., Reinking, R.M., Stuart, D.G., Analysis of muscle receptor connections by spike-triggered averaging: 1. Spindle primary and tendon organ afferents. J. Neurophysiol. 39 (1976), 1375-1392.
    • (1976) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.39 , pp. 1375-1392
    • Watt, D.G.D.1    Stauffer, E.K.2    Taylor, A.3    Reinking, R.M.4    Stuart, D.G.5
  • 225
    • 0013595195 scopus 로고
    • Electrophysiological characteristics of spinal gamma motoneurons in the cat.
    • A. Taylor A. Prochazka MacMillan London. UK
    • Westbury, D.R., Electrophysiological characteristics of spinal gamma motoneurons in the cat. Taylor, A., Prochazka, A., (eds.) Muscle Receptors and Movement, 1981, MacMillan, London. UK, 87-96.
    • (1981) Muscle Receptors and Movement , pp. 87-96
    • Westbury, D.R.1
  • 226
    • 0012263631 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Paths of discovery in human motor control: A short historical perspective.
    • M.-C. Hepp-Reymond G. Marini S. Karger AG Basel
    • Wiesendanger, M., Paths of discovery in human motor control: A short historical perspective. Hepp-Reymond, M.-C., Marini, G., (eds.) Perspectives of Motor Behavior and Its Neural Basis, 1997, S. Karger AG, Basel, 103-124.
    • (1997) Perspectives of Motor Behavior and Its Neural Basis , pp. 103-124
    • Wiesendanger, M.1
  • 227
    • 0028810426 scopus 로고
    • Overview: potential role of segmental motor circuitry in muscle fatigue.
    • Windhorst, U., Boosman, G., Overview: potential role of segmental motor circuitry in muscle fatigue. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 384 (1995), 241-258.
    • (1995) Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. , vol.384 , pp. 241-258
    • Windhorst, U.1    Boosman, G.2
  • 228
    • 11244328281 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Elwood Henneman – 1915-1996.
    • Young, R.R., Elwood Henneman – 1915-1996. Muscle Nerve 20 (1997), 133-135.
    • (1997) Muscle Nerve , vol.20 , pp. 133-135
    • Young, R.R.1
  • 229
    • 0021816236 scopus 로고
    • Membrane electrical properties and predictions of motor-unit type of medial gastrocnemius motoneurons in the cat.
    • Zengel, J.E., Reid, S.A., Sypert, G.W., Munson, J.B., Membrane electrical properties and predictions of motor-unit type of medial gastrocnemius motoneurons in the cat. J. Neurophysiol. 53 (1985), 1323-1344.
    • (1985) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.53 , pp. 1323-1344
    • Zengel, J.E.1    Reid, S.A.2    Sypert, G.W.3    Munson, J.B.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.