Antihypertensive therapy and progression of chronic renal disease

Current Hypertension Reports

Volumn 1, Issue 5, 1999, Pages 417-422

  Dworkin, Lance D ^a   Shemin, Douglas G ^a  

^a BROWN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENT; CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKING AGENT; DIPEPTIDYL CARBOXYPEPTIDASE INHIBITOR;

ANIMAL; ARTICLE; BLOOD PRESSURE; CHRONIC DISEASE; DISEASE COURSE; DRUG EFFECT; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; KIDNEY DISEASE; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PHYSIOLOGY; PROGNOSIS;

ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS; ANIMALS; ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENTS; BLOOD PRESSURE; CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS; CHRONIC DISEASE; DISEASE PROGRESSION; HUMANS; HYPERTENSION; KIDNEY DISEASES; PROGNOSIS;

EID: 0033205359     PISSN: 15226417     EISSN: 15343111     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11906-999-0058-x     Document Type: Article

References (48)

1. Shemin DG, Dworkin LD: Sodium balance in renal failure. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 1997, 6:128-132.
2. Weir MA, Dworkin LD: Antihypertensive therapy, dietary salt and renal protection: how low can you go? Am J Kidney Dis. 1998, 32:1-22.
3. Iversen BM, Amann K, Kvam FI, et al.: Increased glomerular capillary pressure and size mediate glomerular sclerosis in SHR juxtamedullary cortex. Am J Physiol 1998, 274:F365-F373.
4. Griffin KA, Picken MM, Bakris GL, Bidani AK: Class differences in the effects of calcium channel blockers in the rat remnant kidney model. Kidney Int 1999, 55:1849-1860. These authors have examined the relationship between antihypertensive therapy, blood pressure control, and renal injury in experimental renal disease. The study demonstrates that renal protection is highly correlated with the degree of reduction in systemic blood pressure when this parameter is precisely measured. The study also failed to demonstrate important differences between various calcium antagonists in their ability to prevent renal injury when blood pressure was adequately controlled.
5. Ingram AJ, Ly H, Thai K, et al.: Activation of mesangial cell signaling cascades in response to mechanical strain. Kidney Int 1999, 55:476-86.
6. Yashuda T, Kondo S, Homma T, Harris RC: Regulation of extracellular matrix by mechanical stress in rat glomerular mesangial cells. J Clin Invest 1996, 98:1991-2000.
7. Becker BN, Yasuda T, Kondo X, et al.: Mechanical stretch/relaxation stimualtes a cellular renin angiotensin system in cultured rat mesangial cells. Experi Nephrol 1998, 6:57-66.
8. Singhal PC, Sagar S, Garg P: Simulated glomerular pressure modulates mesangial cell 72kDa metalloproteinase activity. Connect Tissue Res 1996, 33:257-63.
9. Mertens PR, Espenkott V, Venjakob B, et al.: Pressure oscillation regulates human mesangial cell growth and collagen synthesis. Hypetension 1998, 32:945-952.
10. Riser BL, Cortes P, Yee J, et al.: Mechanical strain- and high glucose induced alterations in mesangial cell collagen metabolism: role of TGF (3. J Am Soc Nephrol 1998, 9:827-36.
11. Singhal PC, Gibbons N, Franki N, et al.: Simulated glomerular hypertension promotes mesangial cell apoptosis and expres sion of cathepsin-B and SGP-2. J Invest Med 1998, 46:42-50.
12. Kodama K, Adachi H, Sonoda J: Beneficial effects of long-term enalapril treatment and low salt intake on survival rate of Dahl salt sensitive rats with established hypertension. J Pharm Exper Therapeutics 1997, 283:625-629.
13. Otsuka F, Yamauchi T, Kataoka H, et al.: Effects of chronic inhibition of ACE and AT1 receptors on glomerular injury in Dahl salt-sensitive rats. Am J Physiol 1998, 274:R1797-R1806.
14. Linz W, Becker RHA, Scjolkens BA, et al.: Nephroprotection by long term ACE inhibition with ramipril I spontaneously hypertensive stroke prone rats. Kidney Int 1998, 54:2031-2044.
15. Verseput GH, Provoost AP, Braam BB, et al.: Angiotensin converting enzymer inhibition in the prevention and treatment of chronic renal damage in the hypertensive fawn hooded rat. J Am Soc Nephrol 1997, 8:249-259.
16. Kai T, Kino H, Sugimura K, et al: Significant role of the increase in renin angiotensin system in cardiac hypertrophy and renal glomerular sclerosis in double transgenic Tsukuba hypertensive mice carrying both human renin and angio tensinogen genes. Clin Exp Hypertension 1998, 20:439-449.
17. Velasquez MT, Striffler JS, Abraham AA, et al.: Perindopril ameliorates glomerular and renal tubulointerstitial injury in the SHR/N corpulent rat. Hypertension 1997, 30:1232-1237.
18. Kobayashi S, Ishida A, Moriya H, et al.: Angiotensin II receptor blockade limits kidney injury in two kidney, one clip Goldblatt hypertensive rats with special reference to phenotypic changes. J Lab Clin Med 1999, 133:134-143.
19. Moulder JE, Fish BL, Cohen EP: Brief pharmacological intervention in experimental radiation nephropathy. Radiation Res 1998, 150:535-541.
20. Largo R, Gomez-Garre D, Liu XH, et al: Endothelin 1 upregu lation in the kidney of uninephrectomized spontaneously hypertensive rats and its modification by the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor quinapril. Hypertension 1997, 29:1178-1185.
21. Benigni A, Zola C, Corna D, et al.: Blocking both type A and B endothelin receptors in the kidney attenuates renal injury and prolongs survival in rats with remnant kidney. Am J Kidney Dis 1996, 27:416-423.
22. Turner NC, Morgan PJ, Haynes AC, et al.: Elevated renal endothelin 1 clearance and mRNA levels associated with albumin uria and nephropathy in non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus: studies in obese fa/fa Zucker rats. Clin Sci 1997, 93:565-571.
23. Hocher B, Thone-Reineke C, Rohmeiss P, et al.: Endothelin-1 transgenic mice develop glomerulosclerosis, interstitial fibrosis, and renal cysts but not hypertension. J Clin Invest 1997, 99:1380-1389. This study provides the most convincing evidence to date that increased endothelin levels contribute to progressive kidney failure. It demonstrates that the adverse effects of such vasoconstrictor substances can be independent of marked changes in systemic blood pressure.
24. Wolf G, Schneider A, Wenzel U, et al.: Regulation of glomerular TGF (3 expression in the contralateral kidney of two kidney, one-clip hypertensive rats. J Am Soc Nephrol 1998, 9:763-772.
25. Ots M, Mackenzie HS, Troy JL, et al.: Effects of combination therapy with enalapril and losartan on the rate of progres sion of renal injury in rats with 5/6 renal mass ablation. J Am Soc Nephrol 1998, 9:224-230.
26. Kurihara I, Saito T, Obara K, et al.: Effect of a nonpeptide vasopressin v1 antagonist on experimental accelerated focal glomerulosclerosis. Nephron 1996, 73:629-636.
27. Nakamoto H, Suzuki H, Ohishi A, et al.: Effects of cicletanine on the progression of renal failure in 5/6 nephrectomized hyper tensive rats. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 1999, 26:236-241.
28. Fujiwara K, Kanno Y, Hayashi K, et al.: Renal protective effects of efondidipine in partially nephrectomized spontaneously hypertensive rats. Clin Exper Hypertension 1998, 20:295-312.
29. Cosenzi A, Sacerdoe A, Seculin P, et al.: Lacidipine prevents the hypetension and renal and cardiac changes induced by high fructose diet in WKY rats. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1999, 33:485-491.
30. Klag MJ, Whelton PK, Randall BL, et al.: Blood pressure and end stage renal disease in men. N Engl J Med 1996, 334:13-18. In over 300, 000 men screened for the MRFIT study, there was a clear relationship between a baseline blood pressure and the risk of subsequent renal failure. Although most cases of end stage renal disease occurred in individuals with stage III or IV hypertension, men with high normal blood pressure (systolic blood pressure of at least 130 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure of at least 85 mmHg) had a statistically significant risk of development of renal failure, compared with men with lower blood pressures.
31. Klag MJ, Whelton PK, Randall BL, et al.: End-stage renal disease in African American and white men: 16 year MRFIT findings. JAMA 1997, 277:1293-1298.
32. Walker WG, Neaton JD, Cutler JA, et al.: Renal function change in hypertensive members of the multiple risk factor intervention trial: racial and treatment effects. JAMA 1992, 268:3085-3091.
33. Rostand SG, Brown G, Kirk KA, et al.: Renal insufficiency in treated essential hypertension. N Engl J Med 1989, 320:684-688.
34. Locatelli F, Marcelli D, Comelli M, et al.: Proteinuria and blood pressure as causal components of progression to end stage renal failure. Nephrol Dial Transplant 1996, 11:461-467.
35. Klahr S, Levey AS, Beck GJ, et al.: The effects of dietary protein restriction and blood pressure control on the progression of chronic renal disease. N Engl J Med 1994, 330:877-884.
36. Hunsicker LG, Adler S, Caggiula A, et al.: Predictors of the progression of renal disease in the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study. Kidney Int 1997, 51:1908-1919. In a further analysis of the MDRD study, the authors found that urinary protein excretion, African-Americans, and mean arterial blood pressure were independent predictors of decline in renal function. In the small cohort of African-Americans in the study, the low blood pressure target had a beneficial effect on preservation of renal function.
37. Toto RD, Mitchell HC, Smith RD, et al.: Strict blood pressure control and progression of renal disease in hypertensive nephrosclerosis. Kidney Int 1995, 48:851-859.
38. Estacio RO, Schrier RW: Antihypertensive therapy in type 2 diabetes: implications of the appropriate blood pressure control in diabetes (ABCD) trial. Am J Cardiol 1998, 82:9R-14R.
39. Estacio RO, Jeffers B, Biggerstaff S, Schrier RW: Effects of a calcium channel antagonist versus an ACE inhibitor on diabetic nephropathy. J Am Soc Neph 1998, 9:114A.
40. Hall WD, Kusek JW, Kirk KA, et al.: Short-term effects of blood pressure control and antihypertensive regimen on glomerular filtration rate: the African-American Study of Kidney Disease and Hypertension Pilot Study. Am J Kid Dis 1997, 720-728.
41. Hansson L, Zanchetti A, Carruthers SG, et al.: Effects of blood pressure lowering and low dose aspirin in patients with hypertension: principal results of the Hypertension Optimal Treatment (HOT) randomised trial. Lancet 1998, 351:1755-1762. 10, 000 patients with hypertension were randomized to three diastolic blood pressure targets (< 90, < 85, and < 80 mm Hg); cardiovascular morbidity was not increased in patients in the lowest blood pressure target group, supporting the safety of aggressive blood pressure control. Moreover, diabetic patients randomized to the lowest target had a significantly lower degree of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality than diabetic hypertensives randomized to targets of less than 85 and less than 90 mm Hg.
42. UK Prospective Diabetes Study Group: Tight blood pressure control and risk of macrovascular and microvascular complications. BMJ 1998, 317:703-713.
43. Maschio G, Alberti D, Janin G, et al.: Effect of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor benazepril on the progression of chronic renal insuffiency. N Engl J Med 1996, 334:939-945.
44. Gruppo Italiano di Studi Epidemiologici in Nefrologia: Randomised placebo controlled trial of effect of ramipril on decline in glomerular filtration rate and risk of terminal renal failure in proteinuric non-diabetic nephropathy. Lancet 1997, 349:1857-1863.
45. Ruggenenti P, Perna A, Gherardi G, et al.: Renal function and requirement for dialysis in chronic nephropathy patients on long term ramipril: REIN follow-up trial. Lancet 1998, 352:1252-1256.
46. Ruggeneti P, Perna A, Benini R, Remuzzi G: Effects of dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition and blood pressure control on chronic nondiabetic nephropathies. J Am Soc Nephrol 1998, 9:2096-2101.
47. Van Essen GG, Apperloo AJ, Sluiter WJ, et al.: Is ACE inhibition superior to conventional antihypertensive treatment in retarding progression in nondiabetic renal disease? J Am Soc Nephrol 1996, 7:1400.
48. Estacio RO, Jeffers BW, Hiatt WR, et al.: Effect of nisoldipine as compared to enalapril on cardiovascular outcomes in patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes and hypertension. N Engl J Med 1998, 338:645-652.