Sodium balance in renal failure

Current Opinion in Nephrology and Hypertension

Volumn 6, Issue 2, 1997, Pages 128-132

  Shemin, Douglas ^a,b   Dworkin, Lance D ^a  

^a BROWN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b RHODE ISLAND HOSPITAL   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ATRIAL NATRIURETIC FACTOR; DIURETIC AGENT; DOPAMINE; FUROSEMIDE; HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE; LOOP DIURETIC AGENT; TORASEMIDE;

GLOMERULUS FILTRATION RATE; HUMAN; KIDNEY FAILURE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SODIUM BALANCE;

EID: 0030968118     PISSN: 10624821     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/00041552-199703000-00004     Document Type: Review

References (39)

1. Ardaillou R, Dussaule JC: Role of atrial natriuretic peptide in the control of sodium balance in chronic renal failure. Nephron 1994, 66:249-257.
2. Predel HG, Kipnowski J, Meyer-Lehnert H, Arendt RM, Kramer HJ: Human atrial natriuretic peptide in non-dialyzed patients with chronic renal failure. Clin Nephrol 1989, 31:150-155.
3. Dussaule JC, Michel JC, Peraldi MN, Lecomte JM, Gros C, Mignon F, Ardaillou R: Atrial natriuretic factor and changes in dietary sodium intake in patients with chronic renal failure. Clin Sci 1990, 78:327-334.
4. Tan SY, Nolan J, Craig K, Swanson CP: Changes in atrial natriuretic peptide and plasma renin activity following changes in atrial pressure in patients with chronic renal failure. Am J Nephrol 1995, 5:18-23. ANP levels are higher in ESRD patients than in control individuals with normal renal function, and they correlate with elevations in right atrial pressure.
5. Wong NL, Luk JK, Wong EF: In vitro hormone-stimulated atrial natriuretic factor release is increased in experimental renal failure. Nephron 1995, 69:59-64. Atrial ANP release was higher in rats subjected to renal reduction than in control rats, even when both groups were subjected to equivalent atrial perfusion pressures.
6. Walker RG, Swainson CP, Yandle TG, Nicholls MG, Espiner EA: Exaggerated responsiveness of immunoreactive atrial natriuretic peptide to saline infusion in chronic renal failure. Clin Sci 1987, 72:19-24.
7. Hollister AS, Rodeheffer RJ, White FJ, Potts JR, Imada T, Inagami T: Clearance of atrial natriuretic factor by the lung, liver, and kidney in human subjects and the dog. J Clin Invest 1989, 83:623-628.
8. Luk JKH, Wong EFC, Wong NLM: Downregulation of atrial natriuretic factor clearance receptors in experimental chronic renal failure rats. Am J Physiol 1995, 269:H902-908. ANP clearance receptors are downregulated in glomeruli of rats with chronic renal failure, contributing to elevations in ANP levels and increased single nephron sodium excretion.
9. Akiba T, Tachibana K, Togashi K, Hiroe M, Marumo F: Plasma brain natriuretic peptide in chronic renal failure. Clin Nephrol 1995, 44 (suppl 1):61-64.
10. Ishizaka Y, Yamamoto Y, Tanaka M, Kato F, Ishizaka Y, Yokota N, Kato J, Kitamura K, Eto T, Kangawa K: Molecular forms of human brain natriuretic peptide in plasma of patients on hemodialysis. Clin Nephrol 1995, 43:237-242. Brain natriuretic peptide levels were higher in ESRD patients than in control individuals and levels correlated with volume expansion; they decreased with dialysis and ultrafiltration. The molecular fragment brain natriuretic peptide-32, present normally primarily in atrial tissue, is the brain natriuretic peptide fragment that predominates in the plasma of ESRD patients.
11. Totsone K, Takahashi K, Murakami O, Satoh F, Sone M, Mouri T: Elevated plasma C-type natriuretic peptide concentrations in patients with chronic renal failure. Clin Sci 1994, 87:319-322.
12. Wong NLM, Wong EFC: Effect of dietary sodium on atrial natriuretic factor released in rats with chronic renal failure. Nephron 1992, 61: 464-469.
13. Ciancaruso B, Bellizzi V, Minutolo R, Colucci G, Bisesti V, Russo D, Conte G, De Nicola L: Renal adaptation to dietary sodium restriction in moderate renal failure resulting from chronic glomerular disease. J Am Soc Nephrol 1996, 7:306-313. Patients with chronic glomerulonephritis and CRI had higher plasma ANP levels than control individuals. With dietary sodium restriction, ANP levels and sodium excretion decreased both in CRI and in control groups. In CRI, the decrease in sodium excretion was primarily caused by a decrease in GFR and renal plasma flow, an increase in the filtration fraction, and an increase in proximal tubular sodium reabsorption rather than an ANP effect.
14. Conger JD, Falk SA, Hammond WS: Atrial natriuretic peptide and dopamine in established acute renal failure in the rat. Kidney Int 1991, 40:21-28.
15. Shaw SG, Weidmann P, Hodler J, Zimmerman A, Paternostro A: Atrial natriuretic peptide protects against acute ischemic renal failure in the rat. J Clin Invest 1987, 80:1232-1237.
16. Windus DW, Stokes TJ, Morgan JR, Klahr S: The effects of atrial peptide in humans with chronic renal failure. Am J Kidney Dis 1989, 13:477-484.
17. Gotz R, Bausewein K, Heidbreder E, Geiger H: Acute renal failure (ARF) in the intensive care unit: are there any benefits of atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) in dopamine/furosemide resistant acute renal failure? Kidney Int 1989, 35:282.
18. Rahman SN, Kim GE, Mathew AS, Goldberg CA, Allgren R, Schrier RW, Conger JD: Effects of atrial natriuretic peptide in clinical acute renal failure. Kidney Int 1994, 45:1731-1738.
19. Rahman SN, Butt AR, DuBose TD, Marbury TC, Sweet RM, Weisberg L, Fenves AZ, Lafayette RA, Genter FG, Allgren RL: Differential clinical effects of anaratide atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) in oliguric and nonoliguric ATN [Abstract]. J Am Soc Nephrol 1995, 6:474.
20. Endlich K, Forssman W-G, Steinhausen M, Dussel R: Effects of urodilatin in the rat kidney: comparison with ANF and interaction with vasoactive substances. Kidney Int 1995, 47:1558-1568. Urodilatin, which is structurally similar to ANP, increased urine flow and renal sodium excretion in normal and hydronephrotic rat kidneys.
21. Shaw S, Weidmann P, Zimmermann A: Urodilatin, not nitroprusside, combined with dopamine reverses ischemic acute renal failure. Kidney Int 1992, 42:1153-1159.
22. Gerlag PGG, van Meijel JJM: High dose furosemide in the treatment of refractory congestive heart failure. Arch Intern Med 1988, 148:286-291.
23. Russo D, Memoli B, Andreucci VE: The place of loop diuretics in the treatment of acute and chronic renal failure. Clin Nephrol 1992, 38(suppl):S69-S73.
24. Knauf H, Mutschler E: Diuretic effectiveness of hydrochlorthiazide and furosemide alone and in combination in chronic renal failure. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1995, 26:394-400. Hydrochlorthiazide only marginally increases renal sodium excretion in patients with renal insufficiency, but combination therapy with hydrochlorthiazide and furosemide significantly increases natriuresis even at low levels of renal function.
25. Vargo DL, Brater DC, Rudy DW, Swan SK: Dopamine does not enhance furosemide-induced natriuresis in patients with congestive heart failure. J Am Soc Nephrol 1996, 7:1032-1035. A small group of patients with congestive heart failure, half of whom had renal insufficiency, were treated sequentially with furosemide alone, dopamine alone, and a furosemide/dopamine combination. Dopamine did not increase renal sodium excretion, furosemide increased sodium excretion by over 50%, and there was not additive effect on furosemide-induced natriuresis with the addition of dopamine.
26. Blythe WB: Natural history of hypertension in renal parenchymal disease. Am J Kidney Dis 1985, 6:A50-A56.
27. Salem MM: Hypertension in the hemodialysis population: a survey of 649 patients. Am J Kidney Dis 1995, 26:461-468.
28. Converse RL, Jacobsen TN, Toto RD, Jost CMT, Cosentino F, Fouad-Tarazi F, Victor RG: Sympathetic overactivity in patients with chronic renal failure. N Engl J Med 1992, 327:1912-1918.
29. Rosenberg ME, Smith LJ, Correa-Rotter R, Hostetter TH: The paradox of the renin-angiotensin system in chronic renal disease. Kidney Int 1994, 45:403-410.
30. Abraham PA, Macres MG: Blood pressure in hemodialysis patients during amelioration of anemia with erythropoietin. J Am Soc Nephrol 1991, 2:927-936.
31. Koomans HA, Geers AB, Boer P, Roos JC, Dorhout Mees EJ: A study on distribution of body fluids after rapid saline expansion in normal subjects and in patients with renal insufficiency: preferential intravascular deposition in renal failure. Clin Sci 1983, 64:153-160.
32. Lins LE, Hedenborg G, Jacobson SH, Samuelson K, Tedner B, Zetterholm UB, Ljungqvist O: Blood pressure reduction during hemodialysis correlates to intradialytic changes in plasma volume. Clin Nephrol 1992, 37:308-313.
33. Charra B, Calemard E, Ruffet M, Chazot C, Terrat J-C, Vanel T, Laurent G: Survival as an index of adequacy of dialysis. Kidney Int 1992, 41:1286-1291.
34. Buoncristiani U, Fagugli R, Pinciaroli MR, Kulurianu H, Bova C: Optimal blood pressure control with daily hemodialysis [Abstract]. Perit Dial Int 1996, 16:99.
35. Rodby RA, Vonesh EF, Korbet SM: Blood pressures in hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis using ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. Am J Kidney Dis 1994, 23:401-411.
36. Nakayama M, Kawaguchi Y, Yokoyama K, Kubo H, Miura Y, Watanabe S, Sakai O: Anti-hypertensive effect of low Na concentration (12OmEq/I) solution for CAPD patients. Clin Nephrol 1994, 41:357-363.
37. Fishbane S, Natke E, Maesaka JK: Role of volume overload in dialysis-refractory hypertension. Am J Kidney Dis 1996, 28:257-261. Mean ANP levels are much higher in hypertensive hemodialysis patients with ESRD than in normotensive hemodialysis patients. In hypertensive patients whose blood pressure was controlled with ultrafiltration, ANP levels decreased significantly along with blood pressure. A cohort of hemodialysis patients had hypertension and elevated, insuppressible ANP levels after ultrafiltration, but in one-third of this group, more aggressive ultrafiltration eventually suppressed the ANP level and normalized blood pressure; overall, 82% of ESRD patients normalized extracellular volume, the ANP level, and blood pressure with sodium removal at dialysis.
38. Tepel W, Bauer S, Kegel M, Raffelsiefer A, Wischniowski H, Zidek W: Increased cytosolic free sodium in patients with early-stage chronic renal failure. Nephrol Dial Transplant 1994, 9:27-34.
39. Corry DB, Ellis CC, Tuck ML: Increased inward passive permeability in vitro to sodium in uraemic erythrocytes. Clin Sci 1996, 90:3-8. An increased ouabain-insensitive extracellular-intracellular sodium influx was found in erythrocytes of patients with ESRD compared with erythrocytes of controls; this sodium influx was correlated with higher intracellular calcium in ESRD erythrocytes.