The role of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV/HHV-8) in lymphoproliferative diseases

Seminars in Cancer Biology

Volumn 9, Issue 3, 1999, Pages 165-174

  Cesarman, Ethel ^a   Knowles, Daniel M ^a  

^a WEILL CORNELL MEDICAL COLLEGE   (United States)

Author keywords

HHV 8; Kaposi's sarcoma; KSHV; Lymphoproliferative disease

Indexed keywords

ADHERENT CELL; ANGIOFOLLICULAR LYMPH NODE HYPERPLASIA; BONE MARROW; CANCER CELL CULTURE; CLINICAL FEATURE; HUMAN; HUMAN HERPESVIRUS 8; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; LYMPHOMA; LYMPHOPROLIFERATIVE DISEASE; MULTIPLE MYELOMA; MYELOMA; PATHOGENESIS; PLASMA CELL; REVIEW;

EID: 0032981813     PISSN: 1044579X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1006/scbi.1998.0118     Document Type: Article

References (92)

1. Chang Y, Cesarman E, Pessin MS, Lee F, Culpepper J, Knowles DM, Moore PS. Identification of herpesvirus-like DNA sequences in AIDS-associated Kaposi's sarcoma. Science. 266:1994;1865-1869.
2. Moore PS, Chang Y. Detection of herpesvirus-like DNA sequences in Kaposi's sarcoma lesions from persons with and without HIV infection. N Engl J Med. 332:1995;1181-1185.
3. Boshoff C, Whitby D, Hatziionnou T, Fisher C, van der Walt J, Hatzaki s A, Weiss R, Schulz T. Kaposi's sarcoma- associated herpesvirus in HIV-negative Kaposi's sarcoma. Lancet. 345:1995;1043-1044.
4. Schalling M, Ekman M, Kaaya EE, Linde A, Biberfeld P. A role for a new herpes virus (KSHV) in different forms of Kaposi's sarcoma. Nat Med. 1:1995;707-708.
5. de Lellis L, Fabris M, Cassai E, Corallini A, Giraldo G, Feo C, Monin i P. Herpesvirus-like DNA sequences in non-AIDS Kaposi's sarcoma. J Inf Dis. 172:1995;1605-1607.
6. Huang YQ, Li JJ, Kaplan MH, Poiesz B, Katabira E, Zhang WC, Feiner D, Friedman-Kien AE. Human herpesvirus-like nucleic acid in various forms of Kaposi's sarcoma. Lancet. 345:1995;759-761.
7. Tomita Y, Naka N, Aozasa K, Cesarman E, Knowles DK. Absence of Kaposi's sarcoma associated herpesvirus-like DNA sequences (KSHV) in angiosarcomas developing in body-cavity and other sites (Letter to the Editor). Int J Cancer. 66:1995;141-142.
8. Jin YT, Tsai ST, Yan JJ, Hsiao JH, Lee YY, Su IJ. Detection of K aposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus-like DNA sequence in vascular lesions. A reliable diagnostic marker for Kaposi's sarcoma. Am J Clin Pathol. 105:1996;360-363.
9. Kemeny L, Kiss M, Gyulai R, Dobozy A, Adam E, Nagy F. Herpesvir us-like nucleic acid sequences in patients with Eastern European sporadic Kaposi's Sarcoma [letter]. J Invest Dermatol. 106:1996;381.
10. Dictor M, Rambech E, Way D, Witte M, Bendsöe N. Human herpesvirus 8 (Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus) DNA in Kaposi's sarcoma lesions, AIDS Kaposi's sarcoma cell lines, endothelial Kaposi's sarcoma simulators, and the skin of immunosuppressed patients. Am J Pathol. 148:1996;2009-2016.
11. Rickinson, AB, Kieff, E, 1996.
12. Fleckenstein, B, Desrosiers, RC, 1982.
13. Biesinger B, Müller-Fleckenstein I, Simmer B, Lang G, Wittman S, Platzer E, Desrosiers RC, Fleckenstein B. Stable growth transformation of human T lymphocytes by herpesvirus saimiri. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 89:1992;3116-3119.
14. Cesarman E, Chang Y, Moore PS, Said JW, Knowles DM. Kaposi's Sarcoma-associated Herpesvirus-like DNA sequences in AIDS-related body cavity-based lymphomas. N Engl J Med. 332:1995;1186-1191.
15. Knowles DM, Inghirami G, Ubriaco A, Dalla-Favera R. Molecular genetic analysis of three AIDS-associated neoplasms of uncertain lineage demonstrates their B-cell derivation and the possible pathogenetic role of the Epstein-Barr virus. Blood. 73:1989;792-799.
16. Walts AE, Shintaku IP, Said JW. Diagnosis of malignant lymphoma in effusions from patients with AIDS by gene rearrangement. Am J Clin Pathol. 94:1990;170-175.
17. Karcher D, Dawkins F, Garret CT, Schulof RS. Body cavity-based non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHQ in HIV-infected patients: B-cell lymphoma with unusual clinical, immunophenotypic, and genotypic features [abstract]. Lab Invest. 66:1992;80.
18. Green I, Espiritu E, Ladanyi M, Chaponda R, Wieczorek R, Gallo L, Feiner H. Primary lymphomatous effusions in AIDS: a morphological, immunophenotypic, and molecular study. Modern Pathol. 8:1995;39-45.
19. Karcher DS, Alkan S. Herpes-like DNA sequences, AIDS-related tumors, and Castleman's disease (Letter to the Editor). N Engl J Med. 333:1995;797-798.
20. Pastore C, Gloghini A, Volpe G, Nomdedeu J, Leonardo E, Mazza U, Saglio G, Carbone A, Gaidano G. Distribution of Kaposi's sarcoma herpesvirus sequences among lymphoid malignancies in Italy and Spain. Br J Haematol. 91:1995;918-920.
21. Carbone, A, Tirelli, U, Gloghini, A, Pastore, C, Vaccher, E, Gaidano, G, 1996, 555, 556.
22. Otsuki T, Kumar S, Ensoli B, Kingma DW, Yano T, Stetler-Stevenson M, Jaffe ES, Raffeld M. Detection of HHV-8/KSHV DNA sequences in AIDS-associated extranodal lymphoid malignancies. Leukemia. 10:1996;1358-1362.
23. Gessain A, Brière J, Angelin-Duclos C, Valensi F, Merle Béral H, Davi F, Nicola M-A, Sudaka A, Fouchard N, Gabarre J, Troussard X, Dulmet E, Audouin J, Diebold J, de Thé G. Human herpes virus 8 (Kapsoi's sarcoma herpes virus) and malignant lymphoproliferations in France: a molecular study of 250 cases including two AIDS-associated body cavity based lymphomas. Leukemia. 11:1997;266-272.
24. Nador RG, Cesarman E, Knowles DM, Said JW. Herpes-like DNA sequences in a body cavity-based lymphoma in an HIV-negative patient (Letter to the Editor). N Engl J Med. 333:1995;943.
25. Nador RG, Cesarman E, Chadbum A, Dawson DB, Ansari MQ, Said J, Knowles DM. Primary effusion lymphoma: a distinct clinicopathologic entity associated with the Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus. Blood. 88:1996;645-656.
26. Said JW, Tasaka T, Takeuchi S, Asou H, de Vos S, Cesarman E, Knowles D M, Koeffler HP. Primary effusion lymphoma in women: Report of two cases of Kaposi's sarcoma-herpes virus-associated effusion-based lymphoma in human immunodeficiency virus-negative women. Blood. 88:1996;3124-3128.
27. Carbone A, Gloghini A, Vaccher E, Zagonel V, Pastore C, Dalla Palma P, Branz F, Saglio G, Volpe R, Tirelli U, Gaidano G. Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus DNA sequences in AIDS-related and AIDS-unrelated lymphomatous effusions. Br J Haematol. 94:1996;533-543.
28. Karcher DS, Alkan S. Human herpesvirus-6 associated body cavity based lymphoma in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients: a unique B-cell neoplasm. Hum Pathol. 28:1997;801-808.
29. Said, JW, Shintaku, IP, Asou, H, de Vos, S, Baker, J, Hanson, G, Cesarman, E, Nador, R, Koeffler, HP, Herpesvirus 8 inclusions in primary effusion lymphoma: Report of a unique case with T-cell phenotype, Arch Pathol Lab Med.
30. Gaidano G, Pastore C, Gloghini A, Volpe G, Capello D, Polito P, Vaccher E, Tirelli U, Saglio G, Carbone A. Human herpesvirus type-8 (HHV-8) in haematopoietic neoplasia. Leuk Lymphoma. 24:1997;257-266.
31. Matolcsy A, Nador RG, Cesarman E, Knowles DM. Immunoglobulin VH gene mutational analysis suggests that primary effusion lymphomas derive from different stages of B cell maturation. Am J Pathol. 153:1998;1609-1614.
32. Gaidano G, Gloghini A, Gattei V, Rossi MT, Cilia AM, Godeas C, Degan M, Perin T, Canzonieri V, Aldinucci D, Saglio G, Carbone A, Pinto A. Association of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus-positive primary effusion lymphoma with expression of the CD138/syndecan-1 antigen. Blood. 90:1997;4894-4900.
33. Horenstein MG, Nador RG, Chadburn A, Hyjek EM, Inghirami G, Knowles DM, Cesarman E. Epstein-Barr virus latent gene expression in primary effusion lymphomas containing Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus human herpesvirus-8. Blood. 90:1997;1186-1191.
34. Szekely L, Chen F, Teramoto N, Ehlin-Henriksson B, Pokrovskaja K, Szel es A, Manneborg-Sandlund A, Lowbeer M, Lennette ET, Klein G. Restricted expression of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-encoded, growth transformation- associated antigens in an EBV- and human herpesvirus type 8-carrying body cavity lymphoma line. Gen Virol. 79:1998;1445-1452.
35. Carbone A, Gaidano G, Gloghini A, Larocca LM, Capello D, Canzonieri V, Antinori A, Tirelli U, Falini B, Dalla-Favera R. Differential expression of BCL-6, CD138/syndecan-1, and Epstein-Barr virus-encoded latent membrane protein-1 identifies distinct histogenetic subsets of acquired immuno- deficiency syndrome-related non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Blood. 91:1998;747-755.
36. Drexler HG, Uphoff CC, Gaidano G, Carbone A. Lymphoma cell lines : in vitro models for the study of HHV- 8+ primary effusion lymphomas (body cavity-based lymphomas). Leukemia. 12:1998;1507-1517.
37. Russo JJ, Bohenzky RA, Chien M-C, Chen J, Yan M, Maddalena D, Parry JP, Peruzzi D, Edelman IS, Chang Y, Moore PS. Nucleotide sequence of the Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (HHV8). Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 93:1996;14862-14867.
38. Gao SJ, Boschoff C, Jayachandra S, Weiss RA, Chang Y, Moore PS. KSHV ORF K9 (vIRF) is an oncogene which inhibits the interferon signalling pathway. Oncogene. 15:1997;1979-1985.
39. Zimring JC, Goodbourn S, Offermann MK. Human herpesvirus 8 encodes an interferon regulatory factor (IRF) homolog that represses IRF-1-mediated transcription. J Virol. 72:1998;701-707.
40. Li M, Lee H, Guo J, Neipel F, Fleckenstein B, Ozato K, Jung JU. Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus viral interferon regulatory factor. J Virol. 1998:1998;5433-5440.
41. Arvanitakis L, Geras-Raaka E, Gershengorn MC, Cesarman E. Human h erpesvirus KSHV encodes a constitutively active G protein-coupled receptor linked to cell proliferation. Nature. 385:1997;347-350.
42. Bais C, Santomasso B, Coso O, Arvanitakis L, Geras Raaka E, Gutkind JS, Asch AS, Cesarman E, Gershengom MC, Mesri E. G-protein-coupled receptor of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus is a viral oncogene and angiogenesis activator. Nature. 391:1998;86-89.
43. Lee H, Veazey R, Williams K, Li M, Guo J, Neipel F, Fleckenstein B, Lackner A, Desrosiers RC, Jung JU. Deregulation of cell growth by the K1 gene of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus. Natl Med. 4:1998;435-440.
44. Muralidhar S, Pumfrery A, Hassani M, Sadaie MR, Azumi N, Brady JN, Med veszky P, Rosenthal LJ. Identification of Kaposin (ORF K12) as a human herpesvirus 8 (Kaposi's sarcoma associated herpesvirus) oncogene. J AIDS Hum Retrovirol. 17:1998.
45. Moore PS, Boschoff C, Weiss RA, Chang Y. Molecular mimicry of human cytokine and cytokine response pathway genes by KSHV. Science. 274:1996;1739-1744.
46. Thome M, Schneider P, Hofmann K, Fickenscher H, Meinl E, Neipel F, Mattmann C, Burns K, Bodmer JL, Schroter M, Scaffidi C, Krammer PH, Peter ME, Tschopp J. Viral FLICE-inhibitory proteins (FLIPs) prevent apoptosis induced by death receptors. Nature. 386:1997;517-521.
47. Staskus KA, Zhong W, Gebhard K, Herndier B, Wang H, Renne R, Beneke J, Pudney J, Anderson DJ, Ganem D, Haase AT. Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus gene expression in endothelial (spindle) tumor cells. J Virol. 71:1997;715-719.
48. Sarid R, Flore O, Bohenzky RA, Chang Y, Moore PS. Transcription mapping of the Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (human herpesvirus 8) genome in a body cavity-based lymphoma cell line (BC-1). J Virol. 72:1998;1005-1012.
49. Boshoff C, Endo Y, Collins PD, Takeuchi Y, Reeves JD, Schweickart VL, Siani MA, Sasaki T, Williams TJ, Gray PW, Moore PS, Chang Y, Weiss RA. Angiogenic and HIV-inhibitory functions of KSHV-encoded chemokines. Science. 278:1997;290-294.
50. Flore O, Rafii S, Ely S, O'Leary JJ, Hyjek EM, Cesarman E. Trans formation of primary human endothelial cells by Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus. Nature. 394:1998;588-592.
51. Rettig MB, Ma HJ, Vescio RA, Põld M, Schiller G, Belson D, Savage A, Nishikubo C, Wu C, Fraser J, Said JW, Berenson JR. Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus infection of bone marrow dendritic cells from multiple myeloma patients. Science. 276:1997;1851-1854.
52. Soulier J, Grollet L, Oksenhendler E, Cacoub P, Cazals-Hatem D, Babine t P, d'Agay M-F, Clauvel J-P, Raphael M, Degos L, Sigaux F. Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus-like DNA sequences in multicentric Castleman's disease. Blood. 86:1995;1275-1280.
53. Gessain A, Sudaka A, Brière J, Fouchard N, Nicola M-A, Rio B, Arborio M, Troussard X, Ausouin J, Diebold J, de Thé G. Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpes-like virus (Human Herpesvirus Type 8) DNA sequences in multicentric Castleman's disease: is there any relevant association in non-human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients? (Letter to the Editor). Blood. 87:1995;414-416.
54. Chadburn A, Cesarman E, Nador RG, Liu YF, Knowles DM. Kaposi's s arcoma-associated herpesvirus sequences in non-HIV-associated benign lymphoproliferative lesions. Lab Invest. 74:1996;109.
55. Oksenhendler E, Duarte M, Soulier J, Cacoub P, Welker Y, Cadranel J, C azals-Hatem D, Autran B, Clauvel J-P, Raphael M. Multicentric Castleman's disease in HIV infection: a clinical and pathological study of 20 patients. AIDS. 10:1996;61-67.
56. Frizzera, G, 1992.
57. Parravicini C, Corbellino M, Paulli M, Magrini U, Lazzarino M, Moore P S, Chang Y. Expression of a virus-derived cytokine, KSHV vIL-6, in HIV-seronegative Castleman's disease. Am J Pathol. 151:1997;1517-1522.
58. Rettig MB, Said JW, Sun R, Vescio RA, Berenson JR. Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus infection and multiple myeloma-response. Science. 278:1997;1972-1973.
59. Said JW, Rettig MR, Heppner K, Vescio RA, Schiller G, Ma HJ, Belson D, Savage A, Shintaku IP, Koeffler HP, Asou H, Pinkus G, Pinkus J, Schrage M, Green E, Berenson JR. Localization of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus in bone marrow biopsy samples from patients with multiple myeloma. Blood. 90:1997;4278-4282.
60. Brousset P, Meggetto F, Attal M, Delsol G. Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus infection and multiple myeloma. Science. 278:1997;1972-1972.
61. Agbalika F, Mariette X, Marolleau J-P, Fermand J-P, Brouet J-C. Detection of human herpesvirus-8 DNA in bone marrow biopsies from patients with multiple myeloma and Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia. Blood. 91:1998;4393-4394.
62. Parravicini C, Lauri E, Baldini L, Neri A, Poli F, Sirchia G, Moroni M, Galli M, Corbellino M. Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus infection and multiple myeloma. Science. 278:1997;1969-1970.
63. Masood R, Zheng T, Tulpule A, Arora N, Chatlynne L, Handy M, Whitman J, Jr, Kaplan M, Dosik M, Ablashi DV, Gill PS. Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus infection and multiple myeloma. Science. 278:1997;1970-1971.
64. Yi Q, Ekman M, Anton D, Bergenbrant S, Osterborg A, Georgii-Hemming P, Holm G, Nilsson K, Biberfeld P. Blood dendritic cells from myeloma patients are not infected with Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV/HHV-8). Blood. 92:1998;402-404.
65. Cathomas G, Stalder A, Kurrer MO, Regamey N, Erb P, Joller-Jemelka HI. Multiple myeloma and HHV8 infection. Blood. 91:1998;4391-4393.
66. Tisdale JF, Stewart AK, Dickstein B, Little RF, Dube I, Cappe D, Dunbar CE, Brown KE. Molecular and serological examination of the relationship of human herpesvirus 8 to multiple myeloma: orf 26 sequences in bone marrow stroma are not restricted to myeloma patients and other regions of the genome are not detected. Blood. 92:1998;2681-2687.
67. Tarte K, Olsen SJ, Yang Lu Z, Legouffe E, Rossi JF, Chang Y, Klein B. Clinical-grade functional dendritic cells from patients with multiple myeloma are not infected with Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus. Blood. 91:1998;1852-1857.
68. +selected blood progenitor cells of myeloma patients, cultured in serum-free media, do not contain the Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus genome. Br J Haematol. 102:1998;1338-1340.
69. Perna AM, Viviano E, Iannitto E, Marceno R, Romano N. No association between human herpesvirus type 8 infection and multiple myeloma. J Natl Cancer Inst. 90:1998;1013-1014.
70. Bouscary D, Dupin N, Fichelson S, Grandadam M, Fontenay-Roupie M, Marcelin AG, Blanche P, Picard F, Freyssinier JM, Ravaud P, Dreyfus F, Calvez V. Lack of evidence of an association between HHV-8 and multiple myeloma. Leukemia. 12:1998;1840-1841.
71. Tarte K, Olsen SJ, Rossi JF, Legouffe E, Lu ZY, Jourdan M, Chang Y, Klein B. Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus is not detected with immunosuppression in multiple myeloma. Blood. 92:1998;2186-2188.
72. Whitby D, Boshoff C, Luppi M, Torelli G. Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus infection and multiple myeloma. Science. 278:1997;1971-1972.
73. MacKenzie J, Sheldon J, Morgan G, Cook G, Schulz TF, Jarrett RF. HHV-8 and multiple myeloma in the UK [letter]. Lancet. 350:1997;1144-1145.
74. Marcelin AG, Dupin N, Bouscary D, Bossi P, Cacoub P, Ravaud P, Calvez V. HHV-8 and multiple myeloma in France [letter]. Lancet. 350:1997;1144-1144.
75. Santarelli R, Angeloni A, Farina A, Gonnella R, Gentile G, Martino P, Petrucci MT, Mandelli F, Frati L, Faggioni A. Lack of serologic association between human herpesvirus-8 infection and multiple myeloma and monoclonal gammopathies of undetermined significance. J Natl Cancer Inst. 90:1998;781-782.
76. Gao SJ, Alsina M, Deng JH, Harrison CR, Montalvo EA, Leach CT, Roodman GD, Jenson HB. Antibodies to Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (human herpesvirus 8) in patients with multiple myeloma. J Inf Dis. 178:1998;846-849.
77. Hjalgrim H, Frisch M, Melbye M. Incidence rates of classical Kaposi's sarcoma and multiple myeloma do not correlate. Br J Cancer. 78:1998;419-420.
78. Cottoni F, Uccini S. Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus infection and multiple myeloma. Science. 278:1997;1972.
79. Said JW, Heppner K, Shintaku IP, Schrage M, Green E, Rettig MR, Vescio RA, Schiller G, Ma HJ, Belson D, Savage A, Berenson JR, Koeffler HP, Asou H, Pinkus G, Pinkus J. Multiple myeloma and HHV8 infection. Response. Blood. 91:1998;4392-4393.
80. Cesarman E, Moore PS, Rao P, Inghirami G, Knowles DM, Chang Y. In vitro establishment and characterization of two acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related lymphoma cell lines (BC-1 and BC-2) containing Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus-like (KSHV) DNA sequences. Blood. 86:1995;2708-2714.
81. Cesarman E, Nador RG, Bai F, Bohenzky RA, Russo JJ, Moore PS, Chang Y, Knowles DM. Kaposi's sarcoma associated herpesvirus contains G protein-coupled receptor and cyclin D homologs which are expressed in Kaposi's sarcoma and malignant lymphoma. J Virol. 70:1996;8218-8223.
82. Moore PS, Gao S-J, Dominguez G, Cesarman E, Lungu O, Knowles DM, Garber R, Pellett PE, McGeogh DJ, Chang Y. Primary characterization of a herpesvirus agent associated with Kaposi's sarcoma. J Virol. 70:1996;549-558.
83. Miller G, Rigsby MO, Heston L, Grogan E, Sun R, Metroka C, Levy JA, Ga o SJ, Chang Y, Moore P. Antibodies to butyrate-inducible antigens of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus in patients with HIV-1 infection. N Engl J Med. 334:1996;1292-1297.
84. Gao SJ, Kingsley L, Hoover DR, Spira TJ, Rinaldo CR, Saah A, Phair J, D etels R, Parry P, Chang Y, Moore PS. Seroconversion to antibodies against Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus-related nuclear antigens before the development of Kaposi's sarcoma. N Engl J Med. 335:1996;233-241.
85. Arvanitakis L, Mesri EA, Nador R, Said JW, Asch AS, Knowles DM, Cesarman E. Establishment and characterization of a primary effusion (body cavity-based) lymphoma cell line (BC-3) harboring Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV/HHV-8) in the absence of Epstin-Barr virus. Blood. 88:1996;2648-2654.
86. Said JW, Chien K, Takeuchi S, Tasaka T, Asou H, Cho SK, de Vos S, Cesa rman E, Knowles DM, Koeffler HP. Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV or HHV 8) in primary effusion lymphoma: ultrastructural demonstration of herpesvirus in lymphoma cells. Blood. 87:1996;4937-4943.
87. Renne R, Zhong W, Herndier B, McGrath M, Abbey N, Kedes D, Ganem D. Lytic growth of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (human herpesvirus 8) in culture. Nature Med. 2:1996;342-346.
88. +cell line (BCP-1) from peripheral blood and characterizing its growth in Nod/SCID mice. Blood. 91:1998;1671-1679.
89. Chatlynne LG, Lapps W, Handy M, Huang YQ, Masood R, Hamilton AS, Said JW, Koeffler HP, Kaplan M, H., Friedman-Kien A, Gill PS, Whitman JE, Ablashi DV. Detection and titration of human herpesvirus-8-specific antibodies in sera from blood donors, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients, and Kaposi's sarcoma patients using a whole virus enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Blood. 92:1998;53-58.
90. Mesri EA, Cesarman E, Arvanitakis L, Rafii S, Moore MAS, Posnett DN, K nowles DM, Asch AS. Human herpesvirus-8/Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus is a new transmissible virus that infects B cells. J Exp Med. 183:1996;2385-2390.
91. Kliche S, Kremmer E, Hammerschmidt W, Koszinowski U, Haas J. Per sistent infection of Epstein-Barr virus-positive B lymphocytes by human herpesvirus 8. J Virol. 72:1998;8143-8149.
92. Panyutich EA, Said JW, Miles SA. Infection of primary dermal microvascular endothelial cells by Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus. AIDS. 12:1998;467-472.