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2 in PBS by standard immunohistochemical protocols available from authors. The primary antibody was applied at a dilution of 1:1250 after blocking with 10% normal goat serum, 1% BSA, 0.5% Tween 20 and developed with diamino-benzidine (DAB) chromogen. Amino ethyl carbazole (AEC) or Vector Red staining was also used to better discriminate double-labeled cells, with Fast Blue counterstaining for some surface antigens. Cell antigens were examined with the following antibodies: CD68 (1:800, from clone Kim 6 kindly provided by G. Cattoretti and visualized by fluorescein-rhodamine double-labeling), epithelial membrane antigen (EMA, 1:500, Dako, Carpinteria, CA), CD3 (1:200, Dako), CD20 (1:200, Dako), OPD4 (1:100, Dako), CD34 (1:15, Dako), CD45 (1:400, from clone 9.4 kindly provided by G. Cattoretti), L26 (1:100, Immunotech, Westbrook, ME) and Leu22 (1:100, Becton-Dickinson, San Jose, CA) on tissues prepared according to manufacturer's instructions. Specific vIL-6 colocalization was only found with CD34 and CD45 in KS lesions, EMA in PEL, and CD20 and CD45 in lymph node tissues. The authors thank L. Ward for extensive help in immunohistochemistry preparations.
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Immunohistochemical vIL-6 localization was performed on exponential phase BCP-1 cells with or without 48-hour TPA incubation after embedding in 1% agar in saline. The percentages of positive cells were determined from cell counts of three random high power microscopic fields per slide. Lower percentages of BCP-1 cells stain positively for vIL-6 after TPA treatment possibly reflecting cell lysis and death from lytic virus replication induction by TPA. The vIL-6 immunostaining of both cells and tissues was confirmed by neutralization after overnight incubation of antisera with vIL-6 synthetic peptides (0.1 ?g/ml) at 4°C and with preimmune rabbit antisera run in parallel to the postimmune immunostaining. No specific staining was seen after either peptide neutralization or use of preimmune sera.
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note
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Abbreviations for the amino acid residues are: A, Ala; C, Cys; D, Asp; E, Glu; F, Phe; G, Gly; H, His; I, He; K, Lys; L, Leu; M, Met; N, Asn; P, Pro; Q, Gln; R, Arg; S, Ser: T, Thr; V, Val; W, Tip; and Y, Tyr.
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note
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The authors thank R. A. Bohenzky, J. Russo, and I. A. Edelman for collaborative work on genomic sequencing of KSHV; G. Simmons for help with HIV inhibition experiments, J. Strauchen for PEL tissue sections; Y.-Z. Cao, S. Silverstein, J. Luban and C. Parravicini for helpful discussions; R. Sarid, J. P. Parry, M. Yan, W. Zheng and A.-E. Thlick for technical assistance; and M. Davis and D. Holland for help in preparing the manuscript. Supported by NIH NCI grant CA67391, an award from the James S. McDonnell Foundation, the Cancer Research Campaign, and the Mercury Phoenix Trust.
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