Three distinct regions of the murine gammaherpesvirus 68 genome are transcriptionally active in latently infected mice

Journal of Virology

Volumn 73, Issue 3, 1999, Pages 2321-2332

  Virgin IV, Herbert W ^a   Presti, Rachel M ^a   Li, Xi Yang ^a   Liu, Carl ^a   Speck, Samuel H ^a  

^a WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; EPSTEIN BARR VIRUS; GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION; GENE SEQUENCE; HUMAN HERPESVIRUS 8; NONHUMAN; NORTHERN BLOTTING; OPEN READING FRAME; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SEQUENCE HOMOLOGY; VIRUS GENE; VIRUS LATENCY; VIRUS REPLICATION; VIRUS TRANSCRIPTION;

EID: 0032978606     PISSN: 0022538X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1128/jvi.73.3.2321-2332.1999     Document Type: Article

References (85)

1. Arvanitakis, L., E. Geras-Raaka, A. Varma, M. C. Gershengorn, and E. Cesarman. 1997. Human herpesvirus KSHV encodes a constitutively active G-protein-coupled receptor linked to cell proliferation. Nature 385:347-350.
2. Austin, P. J., E. Flemington, C. N. Yandava, J. L. Strominger, and S. H. Speck. 1988. Complex transcription of the Epstein-Barr virus BamHI fragment H rightward open reading frame 1 (BHRF1) in latently and lytically infected B lymphocytes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85:3678-3682.
3. Bais, C, B. Santomasso, O. Coso, L. Arvanitakis, E. G. Raaka, J. S. Gutkind, A. S. Asch, E. Cesarman, M. C. Gershengorn, and E. A. Mesri. 1998. G-protein-coupled receptor of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus is a viral oncogene and angiogenesis activator. Nature 391:86-89. (Erratum, 392: 210.)
4. Blaskovic, D., M. Stancekova, J. Svobodova, and J. Mistrikova. 1980. Isolation of five strains of herpesviruses from two species of free living small rodents. Acta Virol. 24:468.
5. Blaskovic, D., D. Stanekova, and J. Rajcani. 1984. Experimental pathogenesis of murine herpesvirus in newborn mice. Acta Virol. 28:225-231.
6. Bowden, R. J., J. P, Simas, A. J. Davis, and S. Efstathiou. 1997. Murine gammaherpesvirus 68 encodes tRNA-like sequences which are expressed during latency. J. Gen. Virol. 78:1675-1687.
7. Cardin, R. D., J. W. Brooks, S. R. Sarawar, and P. C. Doherty. 1996. Progressive loss of CD8+ T cell-mediated control of a gamma-herpesvirus in the absence of CD4+ T cells. J. Exp. Med. 184:863-871.
8. Cesarman, E., Y. Chang, P. S. Moore, J. W. Said, and D. M. Knowles. 1995. Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus-like DNA sequences in AIDS-related body-cavity-based lymphomas. N. Engl. J. Med. 332:1186-1191.
9. Cesarman, E., R. G. Nador, F. Bai, R A. Bohenzky, J. J. Russo, P. S. Moore, Y. Chang, and D. M. Knowles. 1996. Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus contains G protein-coupled receptor and cyclin D homologs which are expressed in Kaposi's sarcoma and malignant lymphoma. J. Virol. 70:8218-8223.
10. Chang, E. H. Y., J. Nicholas, D. S. Bellows, G. S. Hayward, H.-G. Guo, M. S. Reitz, and J. M. Hardwick. 1997. A bcl-2 homolog encoded by Kaposi's sarcoma-associated virus, human herpesvirus 8, inhibits apoptosis but does not heterodimerize with Bax or Bak. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94:690-694.
11. Chang, Y., E. Cesarman, M. S. Pessin, F. Lee, J. Culpepper, D. M. Knowles, and P. S. Moore. 1994. Identification of herpesvirus-like DNA sequences in AIDS-associated Kaposi's sarcoma. Science 266:1865-1869.
12. Chomczynski, P., and N. Sacchi. 1987. Single-step method of RNA isolation by acid guanidinium thiocyanate-phenol-chloroform extraction. Anal. Biochem. 162:156-159.
13. Clambey, E. C, H. W. Virgin, and S. H. Speck. Unpublished observation.
14. Danielson, P. E., S. Forss-Petter, M. A. Brow, L. Calavetta, J. Douglass, R. J. Milner, and J. G. Suteliffe. 1988. p1B15: a cDNA clone of the rat mRNA encoding cyclophilin. DNA 7:261-267.
15. Davis, M. A., M. A. Sturzl, C. Blasig, A. Schreier, H. G. Guo, M. Reitz, S. R. Opalenik, and P. J. Browning. 1997. Expression of human herpesvirus 8-encoded cyclin D in Kaposi's sarcoma spindle cells. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 89: 1868-1874.
16. Dawson, C. W., A. G. Eliopoulos, J. Dawson, and L. S. Young. 1995. BHRF1, a viral homologue of the Bcl-2 oncogene, disturbs epithelial cell differentiation. Oncogene 10:69-77.
17. Desrosiers. R. C, A. Bakker, J. Kamine, L. A. Falk, R. D. Hunt, and N. W. King. 1985. A region of the herpesvirus saimiri genome required for oncogenicity. Science 228:184-187.
18. Dittmer, D., M. Lagunoff, R. Renne, K. Staskus, A. Haase, and D. Ganem. 1998. A cluster of latently expressed genes in Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus. J. Virol. 72:8309-8315.
19. Duboise, M., J. Guo, S. Czajak, H. Lee, R. Veazey, R. C. Desrosiers, and J. U. Jung. 1998. A role for herpesvirus saimiri orf14 in transformation and persistent infection. J. Virol. 72:6770-6776.
20. Duboise, S. M., J. Guo, S. Czajak, R. C. Desrosiers, and J. U. Jung. 1998. STP and Tip are essential for herpesvirus saimiri oncogenicity. J. Virol. 72: 1308-1313.
21. Dutia, B. M., C. J. Clarke, D. J. Allen, and A. A. Nash. 1997. Pathological changes in the spleens of gamma interferon receptor-deficient mice infected with murine gammaherpesvirus: a role for CD8 T cells. J. Virol. 71:4278-4283.
22. Efstathiou, S., Y. M. Ho, S. Hall, C. J. Styles, S. D. Scott, and U. A. Gompels. 1990. Murine herpesvirus 68 is genetically related to the gammaherpesviruses Epstein-Barr virus and herpesvirus saimiri. J. Gen. Virol. 71:1365-1372.
23. Efstathiou, S., Y. M. Ho, and A. C. Minson. 1990. Cloning and molecular characterization of the murine herpesvirus 68 genome. J. Gen. Virol. 71: 1355-1364.
24. Foghsgaard, L., and M. Jaattela. 1997. The ability of BHRF1 to inhibit apoptosis is dependent on stimulus and cell type. J. Virol. 71:7509-7517.
25. Gao, S. J., C. Boshoff, S. Jayachandra, R. A. Weiss, Y. Chang, and P. S. Moore. 1997. KSHV ORF K9 (vIRF) is an oncogene which inhibits the interferon signaling pathway. Oncogene 15:1979-1985.
26. Geek, P., S. A. Whitaker, M. M. Medveczky, and P. G. Medveczky. 1990. Expression of collagenlike sequences by a tumor virus, herpesvirus saimiri. J. Virol. 64:3509-3515.
27. Guo, H. G., P. Browning, J. Nicholas, G. S. Hayward, E. Tschachler, Y. W. Jiang, M. Sadowska, M. Raffled, S. Colombini, R. C. Gallo, and M. S. J. Reitz. 1997. Characterization of a chemokine receptor-related gene in human herpesvirus 8 and its expression in Kaposi's sarcoma. Virology 228:371-378.
28. Hardwick, J. M., P. M. Lieberman, and S. D. Hayward. 1988. A new Epstein-Barr virus transactivator, R, induces expression of a cytoplasmic early antigen. J. Virol. 62:2274-2284.
29. Heise, M. T., and H. W. Virgin IV. 1995. The T-cell-independent role of gamma interferon and tumor necrosis factor alpha in macrophage activation during murine cytomegalovirus and herpes simplex virus infections. J. Virol. 69:904-909.
30. Henderson, S., D. Huen, M. Rowe, C. Dawson, G. Johnson, and A. Rickinson. 1993. Epstein-Barr virus-coded BHRF1 protein, a viral homologue of Bcl-2. protects human B cells from programmed cell death. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90:8479-8483.
31. Jung, J. U., M. Stäger, and R. C. Desrosiers. 1994. Virus-encoded cyclin. Mol. Cell. Biol. 14:7235-7244.
32. Jung, J. U., J. J. Trimble, N. W. King, B. Biesinger, B. W. Fleckenstein, and R. C. Desrosiers. 1991. Identification of transforming genes of subgroup A and C strains of herpesvirus saimiri. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88:7051-7055.
33. Kedes, D. H., M. Lagunoff, R. Renne, and D. Ganem. 1997. Identification of the gene encoding the major latency-associated nuclear antigen of the Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus. J. Clin. Investig. 100:2606-2610.
34. Kieff, E. 1996. Epstein-Barr virus and its replication, p. 2343-2396. In B. N. Fields, D. M. Knipe. and P. M. Howley (ed.). Fields virology. Lippincott-Raven, Philadelphia, Pa.
35. Kitamura, D., J. Roes, R. Kuhn, and K. Rajewsky. 1991. A B cell-deficient mouse by targeted disruption of the membrane exon of the immunoglobulin mu chain gene. Nature 350:423-426.
36. Kraft, M. S., G. Henning, H. Fickenscher, D. Lengenfelder, J. Tschopp, B. Fleckenstein, and E. Meinl. 1998. Herpesvirus saimiri transforms human T-cell clones to stable growth without inducing resistance to apoptosis. J. Virol. 72:3138-3145.
37. Kurz, S., H.-P. Steffens, A. Mayer, J. R. Harris, and M. J. Reddehase. 1997. Latency versus persistence or intermittent recurrences: evidence for a latent state of murine cytomegalovirus in the lungs. J. Virol. 71:2980-2987.
38. Lagunoff, M., and D. Ganem. 1997. The structure and coding organization of the genomic termini of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus. Virology 236:147-154.
39. Lee, H., R. Veazey, K. Williams, M. Li, J. Guo, F. Neipel, B. Fleckenstein, A. Lackner, R. C. Desrosiers, and J. U. Jung. 1998. Deregulation of cell growth by the K1 gene of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus. Nat. Med. 4:435-440.
40. Lee, M.-A., and J. L. Yates. 1992. BHRF1 of Epstein-Barr virus, which is homologous to human proto-oncogcne bcl2, is not essential for transformation of B cells or for virus replication in vitro. J. Virol. 66:1899-190.
41. Liu, C., H. W. Virgin IV, and S. H. Speck. Unpublished observation.
42. Mackett, M., J. P. Stewart, S. D. V. Pepper, M. Chee, S. Efstathiou. A. Nash, and J. R. Arrand. 1997. Genetic content and preliminary transcriptional analysis of a representative region of murine gammaherpesvirus 68. J. Gen. Virol. 78:1425-1433.
43. Marchini, A., B. Tomkinson, J. I. Cohen, and E. Kieff. 1991. BHRF1. the Epstein-Barr virus gene with homology to Bcl2, is dispensable for B-lymphocyte transformation and virus replication. J. Virol. 65:5991-6000.
44. Medveczky, M., P. Geek, J. L. Sullivan, D. Serbousek, J. Y. Djeu, and P. G. Medveczky. 1993. IL-2 independent growth and cytotoxicity of herpesvirus saimiri-infected human CD8 cells and involvement of two open reading frame sequences of the virus. Virology 196:402-412.
45. Mercer, J. A., C. A. Wiley, and D. H. Spector. 1988. Pathogenesis of murine cytomegalovirus infection: identification of infected cells in the spleen during acute and latent infections. J. Virol. 62:987-997.
46. Mistrikova, J., and D. Blaskovic. 1985. Ecology of the murine alphaherpesvirus and its isolation from lungs of rodents in cell culture. Acta Virol. 29: 312-317.
47. Moore, P. S., C. Boshoff, R. A. Weiss, and Y. Chang. 1996. Molecular mimicry of human cytokine and cytokine response pathway genes by KSHV. Science 274:1739-1744.
48. Moore, P. S., and Y. Chang. 1995. Detection of herpesvirus-like DNA sequences in Kaposi's sarcoma in patients with and without HIV infection. N. Engl. J. Med. 332:1181-1185.
49. Muralidhar, S., A. M. Pumfery, M. Hassani, M. R. Sadaie, N. Azumi, M. Kishishita, J. N. Brady, J. Doniger, P. Medveczky, and L. J. Rosenthal. 1998. Identification of kaposin (open reading frame K12) as a human herpesvirus 8 (Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus) transforming gene. J. Virol. 72: 4980-4988.
50. Murthy, S. C. S., J. J. Trimble, and R. C. Desrosiers. 1989. Deletion mutants of herpesvirus saimiri define an open reading frame necessary for transformation. J. Virol. 63:3307-3314.
51. Nava, V. E., E. H.-Y. Cheng, M. Veliuona, S. Zou, R. J. Clem, M. L. Mayer, and J. M. Hardwick. 1997. Herpesvirus saimiri encodes a functional homolog of the human bcl-2 oncogene. J. Virol. 71:4118-4122.
52. Neilan, J. G, Z. Lu. C. L. Afonso, G. F. Kutish, M. D. Sussman, and D. L. Rock. 1993. An African swine fever virus gene with similarity to the protooncogene bcl-2 and the Epstein-Barr virus gene BHRF1. J. Virol. 67:4391-4394.
53. Pearson, G. R., J. Luka, L. Petti, J. Sample, M. Birkenbach, D. Braun, and E. Kieff. 1987. Identification of an Epstein-Barr virus early gene encoding a second component of the restricted early antigen complex. Virology 160: 151-161.
54. Pollock, J. L., R. M. Presti, S. Paetzold, and H. W. Virgin. 1997. Latent murine cytomegalovirus infection in macrophages. Virology 227:168-179.
55. Pollock, J. L., and H. W. Virgin IV. 1995. Latency, without persistence, of murine cytomegalovirus in spleen and kidney. J. Virol. 69:1762-1768.
56. Puglielli, M. T., M. Woisetschlaeger, and S. H. Speck. 1996. oriP is essential for EBNA gene promoter activity in Epstein-Barr virus-immortalized lymphoblastoid cell lines. J. Virol. 70:5758-5768.
57. Rainbow, L., G. M. Platt, G. R. Simpson, R. Sarid, S.-J. Gao, H. Stoiber, C. S. Herrington, P. S. Moore, and T. F. Schulz. 1997 The 222-to 234-kilodalton latent nuclear protein (LNA) of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (human herpesvirus 8) is encoded by orf73 and is a component of the latency-associated nuclear antigen. J. Virol. 71:5915-5921.
58. Rajcani, J., D. Blaskovic, J. Svobodova, F. Ciampor, D. Huckova, and D. Stanekova. 1985. Pathogenesis of acute and persistent murine herpesvirus infection in mice. Acta Virol. 29:51-60.
59. Renne, R., M. Lagunoff, W. Zhong, and D. Ganem. 1996. The size and conformation of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (human herpesvirus 8) DNA in infected cells and virions. J. Virol. 70:8151-8154.
60. Rickinson, A. B., and E. Kieff. 1996. Epstein-Barr virus, p. 2397-2446. In B. N. Fields, D. M. Knipe, and P. M. Howley (ed.), Fields virology. Lippincott-Raven. Philadelphia, Pa.
61. Russo, J. J., R. A. Bohenzky, M.-C. Chien, J. Chen, M. Yan, D. Maddalena, J. P. Parry, D. Peruzzi, I. S. Edelman, Y. Chang, and P. S. Moore. 1996. Nucleotide sequence of the Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (HHV8). Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93:14862-14867.
62. Sambrook, J., E. F. Fritsch, and T. Maniatis. 1989. Molecular cloning: a laboratory manual, 2nd ed. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor. N. Y.
63. Sarawar, S. R., R. D. Cardin, J. W. Brooks, M. Mehrpooya, A.-M. Hamilton-Easton, X. Y. Mo, and P. C. Doherty. 1997. Gamma interferon is not essential for recovery from acute infection with murine gammaherpesvirus 68. J. Virol. 71:3916-3921.
64. Sarid, R., O. Flore, R. A. Bohenzky, Y. Chang, and P. S. Moore. 1998. Transcription mapping of the Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (human herpesvirus 8) genome in a body cavity-based lymphoma cell line (BC-1). J. Virol. 72:1005-1012.
65. Sarid, R., T. Sato, R. A. Bohenzky, J. J. Russo, and Y. Chang. 1997. Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus encodes a functional bcl-2 homologue. Nat. Med. 3:293-298.
66. Simas, J. P., R. J. Bowden. V. Paige, and S. Efstathiou. 1998. Four tRNA-like sequences and a serpin homologue encoded by murine gammaherpesvirus 68 are dispensable for lytic replication in vitro and latency in vivo. J. Gen. Virol. 79:149-153.
67. Soulier, J., L. Grollet, E. Oksenhendler, P. Cacoub, D. Cazals-Hatem, P. Babinet, M.-F. d'Agay, J.-P. Clauvel, M. Raphael, L. Degos, and F. Signaux. 1995. Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus-like DNA sequences in multicentric Castleman's disease. Blood 86:1276-1280.
68. Staskus, K. A., W. Zhong, K. Gebhard, B. Herndier, H. Wang, R. Renne, J. Beneke, J. Pudney, D. J. Anderson, D. Ganem, and A. T. Haase. 1997. Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpcsvirus gene expression in endothelial (spindle) tumor cells. J, Virol. 71:715-719.
69. Stewart. J. P., N. J. Janjua, S. D. V. Pepper, G. Bennion, M. Mackett, T. Allen, A. A. Nash, and J. R. Arrand. 1996. Identification and characterization of murine gammaherpesvirus 68 gp150: a virion membrane glycoprotein. J. Virol. 70:1528-3535.
70. Stewart, J. P., N. J. Janjua, N. P. Sunil-Chandra, A. A. Nash, and J. R. Arrand. 1994. Characterization of murine gammaherpesvirus 68 glycoprotein B (gB) homolog: similarity to Epstein-Barr virus gB (gp110). J. Virol. 68: 6496-6504.
71. Stewart, J. P., E. J. Usherwood, A. Ross, H. Dyson, and T. Nash. 1998. Lung epithelial cells are a major site of murine gammaherpesvirus persistence. J. Exp. Med 187:1941-1951.
72. Sunil-Chandra, N. P., J. Arno, J. Fazakerley, and A. A. Nash. 1994. Lymphoproliferative disease in mice infected with murine gammaherpesvirus 68. Am. J. Pathol. 145:818-826.
73. Sunil-Chandra, N. P., S. Efstathiou, J. Arno, and A. A. Nash. 1992. Virological and pathological features of mice infected with murine gammaherpesvirus 68. J. Gen. Virol. 73:2347-2356.
74. Sunil-Chandra, N. P., S. Efstathiou, and A. A. Nash. 1992. Murine gammaherpesvirus 68 establishes a latent infection in mouse B lymphocytes in vivo. J. Gen. Virol. 73:3275-3279.
75. Tarodi, B., T. Subramanian, and G. Chinnadurai. 1994. Epstein-Barr virus BHRF1 protein protects against cell death induced by DNA-damaging agents and heterologous viral infection. Virology 201:404-407.
76. Usherwood, E. J., J. P. Stewart, and A. A. Nash. 1996. Characterization of tumor cell lines derived from murine gammaherpesvirus-68-infected mice. J. Virol. 70:6516-6518.
77. Usherwood, E. J., J. P. Stewart, K. Robertson, D. J. Allen, and A. A. Nash. 1996. Absence of splenic latency in murine gammaherpesvirus 68-infected B cell-deficient mice. J. Gen. Virol. 77:2819-2825.
78. Van Berkel, V., K. Preiter, H. W. Virgin, and S. H. Speck. Identification of a murine gammaherpes virus 68 gene encoding an abundantly secreted protein. Submitted for publication.
79. Van Dyk, L. F., J. D. Katz, M. Jacoby, S. H. Speck, and H. W. Virgin. Submitted for publication.
80. Virgin, H. W., IV, P. Latreille, P. Wamsley, K. Hallsworth, K. E. Weck, A. J. Dal Canto, and S. H. Speck. 1997. Complete sequence and genomic analysis of murine gammaherpesvirus 68. J. Virol. 71:5894-5904.
81. Weck, K. E., M. L. Barkon, L. I. Yoo, S. H. Speck, and H. W. Virgin IV. 1996. Mature B cells are required for acute splenic infection, but not for establishment of latency, by murine gammaherpesvirus 68. J. Virol. 70:6775-6780.
82. Weck, K. E., A. J. Dal Canto, J. D. Gould, A. K. O'Guin, K. A. Roth, J. E. Saffite, S. H. Speck, and H. W. Virgin. 1997. Murine gammaherpesvirus 68 causes large vessel arteritis in mice lacking interferon-gamma responsiveness: a new model for virus induced vascular disease. Nat. Med. 3:1346-1353.
83. Weck, K. E., S. S. Kim, H. W. Virgin, and S. H. Speck. Macrophages are the major reservoir of latent murine gammaherpesvirus 68 in peritoneal cells. J. Virol., in press.
84. Zhong, W., and D. Ganem. 1997. Characterization of ribonucleoprotein complexes containing an abundant polyadenylated nuclear RNA encoded by Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (human herpesvirus 8). J. Virol. 71: 1207-1212.
85. Zhong, W., H. Wang, B. Herndier, and D. Ganem. 1996. Restricted expression of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (human herpesvirus 8) genes in Kaposi's sarcoma. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93:6641-6646.