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Hatada I, Kitagawa K, Yamaoka T, Wang XD, Arai Y, Hashido K, Ohishi S, Masuda J, Ogata J, Mukai T. Allele-specific methylation and expression of an imprinted U2af1-rs1 (SP2) gene. Nucleic Acids Res. 23:1995;36-41.
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Masuda, J.8
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49
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An oocyte-specific methylation imprint center in the mouse U2afbp-rs/Usaf1-rs1 gene marks the establishment of allele-specific methylation during preimplantation development
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Shibata H, Ueda T, Kamiya M, Yoshiki A, Kusakabe M, Placc C, Held WA, Sunahara S, Katsuki M, Muramatsu M, Hayashizaki Y. An oocyte-specific methylation imprint center in the mouse U2afbp-rs/Usaf1-rs1 gene marks the establishment of allele-specific methylation during preimplantation development. Genomics. 2:1997;171-178.
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Shibata, H.1
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50
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Methylation of the mouse Xist gene in sperm and eggs correlates with imprinted Xist expression and paternal X-inactivation
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Zuccotti M, Monk M. Methylation of the mouse Xist gene in sperm and eggs correlates with imprinted Xist expression and paternal X-inactivation. Nat Genet. 9:1995;316-320.
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Ariel M, Robinson E, Mccarrey JR, Cedar H. Gamete-specific methylation correlates with imprinting of the murine Xist gene. Nat Genet. 9:1995;312-315.
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52
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An imprinting element from the mouse H19 locus functions as a silencer in Drosophila
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of special interest. A murine H19 transgene containing a 1.2kb portion of the upstream sequence is shown to function in cis as a parent-of-origin independent silencing element in Drosophila. Strikingly, this cis-acting element is located within an upstream region necessary for H19 imprinting in mice. The results point to evolutionary conserved mechanisms in both gene silencing in Drosophila and imprinting in mice.
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Lyko F, Brenton JD, Surani MA, Paro R. An imprinting element from the mouse H19 locus functions as a silencer in Drosophila. of special interest Nat Genet. 16:1997;171-173 A murine H19 transgene containing a 1.2kb portion of the upstream sequence is shown to function in cis as a parent-of-origin independent silencing element in Drosophila. Strikingly, this cis-acting element is located within an upstream region necessary for H19 imprinting in mice. The results point to evolutionary conserved mechanisms in both gene silencing in Drosophila and imprinting in mice.
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Nat Genet
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Lyko, F.1
Brenton, J.D.2
Surani, M.A.3
Paro, R.4
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53
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Maternal and paternal genomes function independently in mouse ova in establishing expression of the imprinted genes Snrpn and Igf2r - no evidence for allelic transensing and counting mechanisms
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Szabo PE, Mann JR. Maternal and paternal genomes function independently in mouse ova in establishing expression of the imprinted genes Snrpn and Igf2r - no evidence for allelic transensing and counting mechanisms. EMBO J. 15:1996;18-25.
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Szabo, P.E.1
Mann, J.R.2
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54
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Germline passage is required for establishment of methylation and expression patterns of imprinted but not of nonimprinted genes
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of special interest. Complementation of hypomethylated methyltransferase-deficient male ES cells with a Dnmt cDNA does not restore the methylation/expression patterns of imprinted genes but restores methylation in other regions. By passaging such 'rescued' ES cells through the germline in chimeric mice, however, monoallelic methylation and expression of imprinted genes is re-established. These results indicate the existence of de novo DNA methylation activities (enzymes and/or protective/enhancing factors) during gametogenesis, distinct from those observed after implantation.
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Tucker KL, Beard C, Dausman T, Jacksongrusby L, Laird PW, Lei H, Li E, Jaenisch R. Germline passage is required for establishment of methylation and expression patterns of imprinted but not of nonimprinted genes. of special interest Genes Dev. 10:1996;1008-1020 Complementation of hypomethylated methyltransferase-deficient male ES cells with a Dnmt cDNA does not restore the methylation/expression patterns of imprinted genes but restores methylation in other regions. By passaging such 'rescued' ES cells through the germline in chimeric mice, however, monoallelic methylation and expression of imprinted genes is re-established. These results indicate the existence of de novo DNA methylation activities (enzymes and/or protective/enhancing factors) during gametogenesis, distinct from those observed after implantation.
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Genes Dev
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Tucker, K.L.1
Beard, C.2
Dausman, T.3
Jacksongrusby, L.4
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Lei, H.6
Li, E.7
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55
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Chaillet JR, Bader DS, Leder P. Regulation of genomic imprinting by gametic and embryonic processes. Genes Dev. 9:1995;1177-1187.
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Leder, P.3
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56
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Aberrant methylation of an imprinted gene U2af1-rs1(SP2) caused by its own transgene
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of special interest. The expression and methylation of the endogenous imprinted gene U2af1-rs1 can be affected by interaction with its own transgene in the testis. This suggests trans-acting mechanisms during gametogenesis which protect the U2af1-rs1 gene from methylation in the male but not in the female germline.
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Hatada I, Nabetani A, Arai Y, Ohishi S, Suzuki M, Miyabara S, Nishimune Y, Mukai T. Aberrant methylation of an imprinted gene U2af1-rs1(SP2) caused by its own transgene. of special interest J Biol Chem. 272:1997;9120-9122 The expression and methylation of the endogenous imprinted gene U2af1-rs1 can be affected by interaction with its own transgene in the testis. This suggests trans-acting mechanisms during gametogenesis which protect the U2af1-rs1 gene from methylation in the male but not in the female germline.
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J Biol Chem
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Hatada, I.1
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Nishimune, Y.7
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58
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The structural H19 gene is required for transgene imprinting
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of special interest. The paper describes transgenic studies with the H19 gene indicating that not only sequences upstream and downstream of the structural gene but also parts in the H19 gene itself are required for both the establishment and maintenance of imprinting. Furthermore, H19 transgenic expression does not rescue the loss of Igf-2 imprinting in trans in H19 deletion mice, implying a cis requirement of the H19 gene for maintenance of Igf2 imprinting.
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Pfeifer K, Leighton PA, Tilghman SM. The structural H19 gene is required for transgene imprinting. of special interest Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 93:1996;13876-13883 The paper describes transgenic studies with the H19 gene indicating that not only sequences upstream and downstream of the structural gene but also parts in the H19 gene itself are required for both the establishment and maintenance of imprinting. Furthermore, H19 transgenic expression does not rescue the loss of Igf-2 imprinting in trans in H19 deletion mice, implying a cis requirement of the H19 gene for maintenance of Igf2 imprinting.
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Proc Natl Acad Sci USA
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Pfeifer, K.1
Leighton, P.A.2
Tilghman, S.M.3
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59
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0031014601
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A 5′ differentially methylated sequence and the 3′ flanking region are necessary for H19 transgene imprinting
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of special interest. Transgenic lines were constructed containing a 14 kb genomic fragment of the H19 gene including 4 kb of 5′-flanking sequence and 8 kb of 3′-flanking sequence. The transgenes show imprinted expression which is most pronounced in high-copy-number transgenics. Deletion derivates of this transgenic construct reveal that elements in both the 5′ differentially methylated region and the 3′ region, which includes the endodermal H19 enhancers, are necessary for proper imprinting and expression of the gene.
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Elson DA, Bartolomei MS. A 5′ differentially methylated sequence and the 3′ flanking region are necessary for H19 transgene imprinting. of special interest Mol Cell Biol. 17:1997;309-317 Transgenic lines were constructed containing a 14 kb genomic fragment of the H19 gene including 4 kb of 5′-flanking sequence and 8 kb of 3′-flanking sequence. The transgenes show imprinted expression which is most pronounced in high-copy-number transgenics. Deletion derivates of this transgenic construct reveal that elements in both the 5′ differentially methylated region and the 3′ region, which includes the endodermal H19 enhancers, are necessary for proper imprinting and expression of the gene.
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Mol Cell Biol
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Elson, D.A.1
Bartolomei, M.S.2
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60
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Imprinting of Igf2 and H19 from a 130kb YAC transgene
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of special interest. YAC transgenes containing both a LacZ-tagged Igf2 and an unmodified H19 gene show proper imprinting after maternal and paternal transmission, respectively. Multicopy transgenic lines, however, exhibited copy number dependent downregulation of H19 after maternal transmission and concomittant loss of Igf2-LacZ repression. This indicates that the tandem arrangement of multiple transgene copies can influence the proper control of imprinted expression at individual loci.
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Ainscough JFX, Koide T, Tada M, Barton S, Surani MA. Imprinting of Igf2 and H19 from a 130kb YAC transgene. of special interest Development. 124:1997;3621-3632 YAC transgenes containing both a LacZ-tagged Igf2 and an unmodified H19 gene show proper imprinting after maternal and paternal transmission, respectively. Multicopy transgenic lines, however, exhibited copy number dependent downregulation of H19 after maternal transmission and concomittant loss of Igf2-LacZ repression. This indicates that the tandem arrangement of multiple transgene copies can influence the proper control of imprinted expression at individual loci.
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61
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Deletion of the H19 transcription unit reveals the existence of a putative imprinting control element
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of special interest. Maternal transmission of a targeted deletion of the H19 transcription unit leads to the disruption of Igf2 imprinting and biallelic expression of this gene. As the neomycin cassette in the targetted H19 allele is imprinted, the imprinting of the H19 locus is independent of the H19 gene itself.
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Ripoche MA, Kress C, Poirier F, Dandolo L. Deletion of the H19 transcription unit reveals the existence of a putative imprinting control element. of special interest Genes Dev. 11:1997;1596-1604 Maternal transmission of a targeted deletion of the H19 transcription unit leads to the disruption of Igf2 imprinting and biallelic expression of this gene. As the neomycin cassette in the targetted H19 allele is imprinted, the imprinting of the H19 locus is independent of the H19 gene itself.
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Reik W, Constancia M. Genomic imprinting: Making sense or antisense? Nature. 389:1997;671-689.
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Reis A, Dittrich B, Greger V, Buiting K, Lalande M, Gillessen KG, Anvret M, Horsthemke B. Imprinting mutations suggested by abnormal DNA methylation patterns in familial Angelman and Prader-Willi syndromes. Am J Hum Genet. 54:1994;741-747.
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Sutcliffe JS, Nakao M, Christian S, Orstavik KH, Tommerup N, Ledbetter DH, Beaudet AL. Deletions of a differentially methylated CpG island at the SNRPN gene define a putative imprinting control region. Nat Genet. 8:1994;52-58.
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Inherited microdeletions in the Angelman and Prader-Willi syndromes define an imprinting center on human-chromosome-15
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Buiting K, Saitoh S, Gross S, Dittrich B, Schwartz S, Nicholls RD, Horsthemke B. Inherited microdeletions in the Angelman and Prader-Willi syndromes define an imprinting center on human-chromosome-15. Nat Genet. 9:1995;395-400.
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Buiting, K.1
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Vu TH, Hoffman AR. Imprinting of the Angelman syndrome gene, UBE3A, is restricted to brain. Nat Genet. 17:1997;12-13.
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Imprint switching on human-chromosome 15 may involve alternative transcripts of the Snrpn gene
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of special interest. Novel alternative SNRPN transcripts are described which extend into the Angelman syndrome part of the imprinting centre upstream of the previously described exon 1 of the SNRPN gene. These novel exons lack protein-coding potential and are expressed from the paternal chromosome only. Together with the description of intragenic deletions and a point mutation, the authors suggest that imprint switching (paternal to maternal) on human chromosome 15 may involve alternative SNRPN transcripts.
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Dittrich B, Buiting K, Korn B, Rickard S, Buxton J, Saitoh S, Nicholls RD, Poustka A, Winterpacht A, Zabel B, Horsthemke B. Imprint switching on human-chromosome 15 may involve alternative transcripts of the Snrpn gene. of special interest Nat Genet. 14:1996;163-170 Novel alternative SNRPN transcripts are described which extend into the Angelman syndrome part of the imprinting centre upstream of the previously described exon 1 of the SNRPN gene. These novel exons lack protein-coding potential and are expressed from the paternal chromosome only. Together with the description of intragenic deletions and a point mutation, the authors suggest that imprint switching (paternal to maternal) on human chromosome 15 may involve alternative SNRPN transcripts.
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Dittrich, B.1
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Leighton PA, Ingram RS, Eggenschwiler J, Efstratiadis A, Tilghman SM. Disruption of imprinting caused by deletion of the H19 gene region in mice. Nature. 375:1995;34-39.
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of special interest. Allelic methylation patterns in the Igf2 gene are influenced by deletions in the H19 gene. After maternal transmission of such deletions, the maternal allele of Igf2 adopts the epigenotype of the paternal allele indicating that this alteration is either directly or indirectly influenced by H19 gene expression. Moreover, maternal H19 deletions also influence methylation of the paternal Igf2 allele in trans, suggesting the existence of H19-dependent mechanisms controlling allelic Igf2 methylation in cis and trans.
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Forne T, Oswald J, Dean W, Saam JR, Bailleul B, Dandolo L, Tilghman SM, Walter J, Reik W. Loss of the maternal H19 gene induces changes in Igf2 methylation in both cis and trans. of special interest Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 94:1997;10243-10248 Allelic methylation patterns in the Igf2 gene are influenced by deletions in the H19 gene. After maternal transmission of such deletions, the maternal allele of Igf2 adopts the epigenotype of the paternal allele indicating that this alteration is either directly or indirectly influenced by H19 gene expression. Moreover, maternal H19 deletions also influence methylation of the paternal Igf2 allele in trans, suggesting the existence of H19-dependent mechanisms controlling allelic Igf2 methylation in cis and trans.
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