메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 122, Issue 4, 1998, Pages 310-319

Apoptosis: Basic concepts and potential significance in human cancer

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

PROTEIN BCL 2; PROTEIN P53;

EID: 0031893331     PISSN: 00039985     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (105)

References (155)
  • 1
    • 0015383455 scopus 로고
    • Apoptosis: A basic biological phenomenon with wide-ranging implications in tissue kinetics
    • Kerr JFR, Wyllie AH, Currie AR. Apoptosis: a basic biological phenomenon with wide-ranging implications in tissue kinetics. Br J Cancer. 1972;26:239-257.
    • (1972) Br J Cancer , vol.26 , pp. 239-257
    • Kerr, J.F.R.1    Wyllie, A.H.2    Currie, A.R.3
  • 2
    • 0026670335 scopus 로고
    • Apoptosis and the regulation of cell numbers in normal and neoplastic tissues: An overview
    • Wyllie AH. Apoptosis and the regulation of cell numbers in normal and neoplastic tissues: an overview. Cancer Metastasis Rev. 1992;11:95-103.
    • (1992) Cancer Metastasis Rev. , vol.11 , pp. 95-103
    • Wyllie, A.H.1
  • 5
    • 0025008596 scopus 로고
    • Programmed death of autoreactive thymocytes
    • MacDonald HR, Lees RK. Programmed death of autoreactive thymocytes. Nature. 1990;343:642-644.
    • (1990) Nature , vol.343 , pp. 642-644
    • MacDonald, H.R.1    Lees, R.K.2
  • 6
    • 0026761696 scopus 로고
    • Programmed cell death and AIDS: From hypothesis to experiment
    • Ameisen JC. Programmed cell death and AIDS: from hypothesis to experiment. Immunol Today. 1992;13:388-391.
    • (1992) Immunol Today , vol.13 , pp. 388-391
    • Ameisen, J.C.1
  • 7
    • 0015117787 scopus 로고
    • Shrinkage necrosis: A distinct mode of cell death
    • Kerr JFR. Shrinkage necrosis: a distinct mode of cell death. J Pathol. 1971; 105:13-20.
    • (1971) J Pathol. , vol.105 , pp. 13-20
    • Kerr, J.F.R.1
  • 8
    • 0018585709 scopus 로고
    • Apoptosis: Its nature and implications for dermatopathology
    • Weedon D, Searle J, Kerr JFR. Apoptosis: its nature and implications for dermatopathology. Am J Dermatopathol. 1979;1:133-144.
    • (1979) Am J Dermatopathol. , vol.1 , pp. 133-144
    • Weedon, D.1    Searle, J.2    Kerr, J.F.R.3
  • 9
    • 0030016233 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of apoptosis in the pathogenesis and treatment of disease
    • Solary E, Dubrez L, Eymin B. The role of apoptosis in the pathogenesis and treatment of disease. Eur Respir J. 1996;9:1293-1305.
    • (1996) Eur Respir J. , vol.9 , pp. 1293-1305
    • Solary, E.1    Dubrez, L.2    Eymin, B.3
  • 10
    • 0343488600 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apoptotic cell death in human chronic renal allograft rejection
    • Laine J, Etelamaki P, Holmberg C, Dunkel L. Apoptotic cell death in human chronic renal allograft rejection. Transplantation. 1997;63:101-105.
    • (1997) Transplantation , vol.63 , pp. 101-105
    • Laine, J.1    Etelamaki, P.2    Holmberg, C.3    Dunkel, L.4
  • 12
    • 0028025563 scopus 로고
    • Apoptosis in cancer therapy: Crossing the threshold
    • Fisher DE. Apoptosis in cancer therapy: crossing the threshold. Cell. 1994; 78:539-542.
    • (1994) Cell , vol.78 , pp. 539-542
    • Fisher, D.E.1
  • 14
    • 0018830636 scopus 로고
    • Glucocorticoid-induced thymocyte apoptosis is associated with endogenous endonuclease activation
    • Wyllie AH. Glucocorticoid-induced thymocyte apoptosis is associated with endogenous endonuclease activation. Nature. 1980;284:555-556.
    • (1980) Nature , vol.284 , pp. 555-556
    • Wyllie, A.H.1
  • 15
    • 0029845577 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Signal transduction pathways in apoptosis
    • Dayt
    • McConkey DJ, Orrenius S. Signal transduction pathways in apoptosis. Stem Cells (Dayt). 1996;14:619-631.
    • (1996) Stem Cells , vol.14 , pp. 619-631
    • McConkey, D.J.1    Orrenius, S.2
  • 16
    • 0027214305 scopus 로고
    • Apoptosis: A product of programmed and unprogrammed cell death
    • Eastman A. Apoptosis: a product of programmed and unprogrammed cell death. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1993;121:160-164.
    • (1993) Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. , vol.121 , pp. 160-164
    • Eastman, A.1
  • 17
    • 0029081993 scopus 로고
    • Apoptosis: Molecular mechanisms and implications for human disease
    • Orrenius S. Apoptosis: molecular mechanisms and implications for human disease. J Int Med. 1995;237:529-536.
    • (1995) J Int Med. , vol.237 , pp. 529-536
    • Orrenius, S.1
  • 18
    • 0028338833 scopus 로고
    • Endonuclease activities associated with high molecular weight and internucleosomal DNA fragmentation in apoptosis
    • Walker PR, Weaver VM, Lach B, LeBlanc J, Sikorska M. Endonuclease activities associated with high molecular weight and internucleosomal DNA fragmentation in apoptosis. Exp Cell Res. 1994;213:100-106.
    • (1994) Exp Cell Res. , vol.213 , pp. 100-106
    • Walker, P.R.1    Weaver, V.M.2    Lach, B.3    LeBlanc, J.4    Sikorska, M.5
  • 20
  • 21
    • 0029084479 scopus 로고
    • Apoptosis of a fibrosarcoma induced by protein-free culture involves DNA cleavage to large fragments but not internucleosomal fragmentation
    • Watanabe H, Kanbe K, Shinozaki T, Hoshino H, Chigira M. Apoptosis of a fibrosarcoma induced by protein-free culture involves DNA cleavage to large fragments but not internucleosomal fragmentation. Int J Cancer. 1995;62:191-198.
    • (1995) Int J Cancer , vol.62 , pp. 191-198
    • Watanabe, H.1    Kanbe, K.2    Shinozaki, T.3    Hoshino, H.4    Chigira, M.5
  • 22
    • 0027989510 scopus 로고
    • Chromatin condensation during apoptosis is accompanied by degradation of lamin A+B without enhanced activation of cdc2 kinase
    • Oberhammer FA, Hochegger K, Froschl C, Tiefenbacher R, Pavelka M. Chromatin condensation during apoptosis is accompanied by degradation of lamin A+B without enhanced activation of cdc2 kinase. J Cell Biol. 1994;136:827-837.
    • (1994) J Cell Biol. , vol.136 , pp. 827-837
    • Oberhammer, F.A.1    Hochegger, K.2    Froschl, C.3    Tiefenbacher, R.4    Pavelka, M.5
  • 23
    • 0026788002 scopus 로고
    • Key morphological features of apoptosis may occur in the absence of internucleosomal DNA fragmentation
    • Cohen GM, Sun XM, Snowden RT, Dinsdale D, Skiletter DN. Key morphological features of apoptosis may occur in the absence of internucleosomal DNA fragmentation. Biochem J. 1992;286:331-334.
    • (1992) Biochem J. , vol.286 , pp. 331-334
    • Cohen, G.M.1    Sun, X.M.2    Snowden, R.T.3    Dinsdale, D.4    Skiletter, D.N.5
  • 24
    • 0027419446 scopus 로고
    • Delayed internucleosomal DNA fragmentation in programmed cell death
    • Zakeri ZF, Quaglino D, Latham T, Lockshin RA. Delayed internucleosomal DNA fragmentation in programmed cell death. FASEB J. 1993;7:470-478.
    • (1993) FASEB J. , vol.7 , pp. 470-478
    • Zakeri, Z.F.1    Quaglino, D.2    Latham, T.3    Lockshin, R.A.4
  • 25
    • 0028060558 scopus 로고
    • Tissue transglutaminase and apoptosis: Sense and antisense transfection studies with human neuroblastoma cells
    • Melino G, Annicchiarico-Petruzzelli M, Piredda L, et al. Tissue transglutaminase and apoptosis: sense and antisense transfection studies with human neuroblastoma cells. Mol Cell Biol. 1994;14:6584-6596.
    • (1994) Mol Cell Biol. , vol.14 , pp. 6584-6596
    • Melino, G.1    Annicchiarico-Petruzzelli, M.2    Piredda, L.3
  • 26
    • 0026348625 scopus 로고
    • Apoptosis: Molecular mechanisms in programmed cell death
    • Fesus L, Davies PJA, Piacentini M. Apoptosis: molecular mechanisms in programmed cell death. Eur J Cell Biol. 1991;56:170-177.
    • (1991) Eur J Cell Biol. , vol.56 , pp. 170-177
    • Fesus, L.1    Davies, P.J.A.2    Piacentini, M.3
  • 27
    • 43949172708 scopus 로고
    • Phagocyte recognition of cells undergoing apoptosis
    • Savill J, Fadok V, Henson P, Haslett C. Phagocyte recognition of cells undergoing apoptosis. Immunol Today. 1993;14:131-136.
    • (1993) Immunol Today , vol.14 , pp. 131-136
    • Savill, J.1    Fadok, V.2    Henson, P.3    Haslett, C.4
  • 28
    • 0026508561 scopus 로고
    • Exposure of phosphatidylserine on the surface of apoptotic lymphocytes triggers specific recognition and removal by macrophages
    • Fadok VA, Voelker DR, Campbell PA, Cohen JJ, Bratton DL, Henson PM. Exposure of phosphatidylserine on the surface of apoptotic lymphocytes triggers specific recognition and removal by macrophages. J Immunol. 1992;148:2207-2216.
    • (1992) J Immunol. , vol.148 , pp. 2207-2216
    • Fadok, V.A.1    Voelker, D.R.2    Campbell, P.A.3    Cohen, J.J.4    Bratton, D.L.5    Henson, P.M.6
  • 29
    • 0029043888 scopus 로고
    • A novel assay for apoptosis: Flow cytometric detection of phosphatidylserine expression on early apoptotic cells using fluorescein labelled annexin V
    • Vermes I, Haanen C, Steffens-Nakken H, Reutelingsperger C. A novel assay for apoptosis: flow cytometric detection of phosphatidylserine expression on early apoptotic cells using fluorescein labelled annexin V. J Immunol Methods. 1995; 184:39-51.
    • (1995) J Immunol Methods , vol.184 , pp. 39-51
    • Vermes, I.1    Haanen, C.2    Steffens-Nakken, H.3    Reutelingsperger, C.4
  • 30
    • 0030031099 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nineteenth century research on naturally occurring cell death and related phenomena
    • Clarke PGH, Clarke S. Nineteenth century research on naturally occurring cell death and related phenomena. Anat Embryol. 1996;193:81-99.
    • (1996) Anat Embryol. , vol.193 , pp. 81-99
    • Clarke, P.G.H.1    Clarke, S.2
  • 31
    • 0028891783 scopus 로고
    • Apoptosis, oncosis and necrosis: An overview of cell death
    • Majno G, Joris I. Apoptosis, oncosis and necrosis: an overview of cell death. Am J Pathol. 1995;146:3-15.
    • (1995) Am J Pathol. , vol.146 , pp. 3-15
    • Majno, G.1    Joris, I.2
  • 32
    • 0023689988 scopus 로고
    • Proportions of mitotic and apoptotic cells in a range of untreated experimental tumours
    • Sarraf CE, Bowen ID. Proportions of mitotic and apoptotic cells in a range of untreated experimental tumours. Cell Tissue Kinetics. 1988;21:45-49.
    • (1988) Cell Tissue Kinetics , vol.21 , pp. 45-49
    • Sarraf, C.E.1    Bowen, I.D.2
  • 33
    • 0025898627 scopus 로고
    • Reduced apoptotic cell death in follicular lymphoma
    • Hollowood K, McCartney JC. Reduced apoptotic cell death in follicular lymphoma. J Pathol. 1991;163:337-342.
    • (1991) J Pathol. , vol.163 , pp. 337-342
    • Hollowood, K.1    McCartney, J.C.2
  • 34
    • 0027729883 scopus 로고
    • Correlations between apoptotic and proliferative indices in malignant non-Hodgkin's lymphomas
    • Leoncini L, Del Vecchio MT, Megha T, et al. Correlations between apoptotic and proliferative indices in malignant non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Am J Pathol. 1993;142:755-763.
    • (1993) Am J Pathol. , vol.142 , pp. 755-763
    • Leoncini, L.1    Del Vecchio, M.T.2    Megha, T.3
  • 36
    • 0028960205 scopus 로고
    • Tumor type is a determinant of susceptibility to apoptosis
    • Staunton MJ, Gaffney EF. Tumor type is a determinant of susceptibility to apoptosis. Am J Clin Pathol. 1995;103:300-307.
    • (1995) Am J Clin Pathol. , vol.103 , pp. 300-307
    • Staunton, M.J.1    Gaffney, E.F.2
  • 37
    • 0028793583 scopus 로고
    • Quantative in situ image analysis of apoptosis in well and poorly differentiated tumors from rat liver
    • Kong J, Ringer DP. Quantative in situ image analysis of apoptosis in well and poorly differentiated tumors from rat liver. Am J Pathol. 1995;147:1626-1632.
    • (1995) Am J Pathol. , vol.147 , pp. 1626-1632
    • Kong, J.1    Ringer, D.P.2
  • 38
    • 0026648674 scopus 로고
    • Identification of programmed cell death in-situ via specific labeling of nuclear DNA fragmentation
    • Gavrieli Y, Sherman Y, Ben-Sasson SA. Identification of programmed cell death in-situ via specific labeling of nuclear DNA fragmentation. J Cell Biol. 1992;119:493-501.
    • (1992) J Cell Biol. , vol.119 , pp. 493-501
    • Gavrieli, Y.1    Sherman, Y.2    Ben-Sasson, S.A.3
  • 39
    • 0029589848 scopus 로고
    • Two in situ labeling techniques reveal different patterns of DNA fragmentation during spontaneous apoptosis in vivo and induced apoptosis in vitro
    • Mundle SD, Gao XZ, Khan S, Gregory SA, Preisler HD, Raza A. Two in situ labeling techniques reveal different patterns of DNA fragmentation during spontaneous apoptosis in vivo and induced apoptosis in vitro. Anticancer Res. 1995;15:1895-1904.
    • (1995) Anticancer Res. , vol.15 , pp. 1895-1904
    • Mundle, S.D.1    Gao, X.Z.2    Khan, S.3    Gregory, S.A.4    Preisler, H.D.5    Raza, A.6
  • 41
    • 0027191429 scopus 로고
    • In situ end-labelling detects DNA strand breaks in apoptosis and other physiological and pathological states
    • Ansari B, Coates PJ, Greenstein BD, Hall PA. In situ end-labelling detects DNA strand breaks in apoptosis and other physiological and pathological states. J Pathol. 1993;170:1-8.
    • (1993) J Pathol. , vol.170 , pp. 1-8
    • Ansari, B.1    Coates, P.J.2    Greenstein, B.D.3    Hall, P.A.4
  • 42
    • 0028871622 scopus 로고
    • In situ end-labelling, light microscopic assessment and ultrastructure of apoptosis in lung carcinoma
    • Gaffney EF, O Neill AJ, Staunton MJ. In situ end-labelling, light microscopic assessment and ultrastructure of apoptosis in lung carcinoma. J Clin Pathol. 1995;48:1017-1021.
    • (1995) J Clin Pathol. , vol.48 , pp. 1017-1021
    • Gaffney, E.F.1    O Neill, A.J.2    Staunton, M.J.3
  • 43
    • 0029859679 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apoptosis in renal cell carcinoma: Detection by in situ end-labeling of fragmented DNA and correlation with other prognostic factors
    • Todd D, Yang G, Brown RW, et al. Apoptosis in renal cell carcinoma: detection by in situ end-labeling of fragmented DNA and correlation with other prognostic factors. Hum Pathol. 1996;27:1012-1017.
    • (1996) Hum Pathol. , vol.27 , pp. 1012-1017
    • Todd, D.1    Yang, G.2    Brown, R.W.3
  • 44
    • 0030977233 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Progressive increase of apoptosis in prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and carcinoma: Comparison between in situ end-labeling of fragmented DNA and detection by routine hematoxylineosin staining
    • Drachenberg C, Ioffe O, Papadimitriou JC. Progressive increase of apoptosis in prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and carcinoma: comparison between in situ end-labeling of fragmented DNA and detection by routine hematoxylineosin staining. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 1997;121:54-58.
    • (1997) Arch Pathol Lab Med. , vol.121 , pp. 54-58
    • Drachenberg, C.1    Ioffe, O.2    Papadimitriou, J.C.3
  • 45
    • 51249167530 scopus 로고
    • In situ end labeling and its applications to the study of endocrine disease: How can we study programmed cell death in surgical pathology materials?
    • Sasano H. In situ end labeling and its applications to the study of endocrine disease: how can we study programmed cell death in surgical pathology materials? Endocrine Pathol. 1995;6:87-89.
    • (1995) Endocrine Pathol. , vol.6 , pp. 87-89
    • Sasano, H.1
  • 46
    • 0029566202 scopus 로고
    • The effects of formalin fixation on the detection of apoptosis in human brain by in situ end-labelling of DNA
    • Davison FD, Groves M, Scaravilli F. The effects of formalin fixation on the detection of apoptosis in human brain by in situ end-labelling of DNA. Histochem J. 1995;27:983-988.
    • (1995) Histochem J. , vol.27 , pp. 983-988
    • Davison, F.D.1    Groves, M.2    Scaravilli, F.3
  • 47
    • 0031046729 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In situ DNA fragmentation assay for detection of apoptosis in paraffin-embedded tissue sections - Technical considerations
    • Bardales RH, Xie SS, Hsu SM. In situ DNA fragmentation assay for detection of apoptosis in paraffin-embedded tissue sections - technical considerations. Am J Clin Pathol. 1997;107:332-336.
    • (1997) Am J Clin Pathol. , vol.107 , pp. 332-336
    • Bardales, R.H.1    Xie, S.S.2    Hsu, S.M.3
  • 48
    • 0029848277 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What is an apoptotic index measuring? A commentary
    • Potten CS. What is an apoptotic index measuring? A commentary. Br J Cancer. 1996;74:1743-1748.
    • (1996) Br J Cancer , vol.74 , pp. 1743-1748
    • Potten, C.S.1
  • 49
    • 0031036984 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cytometry in cell necrobiology: Analysis of apoptosis and accidental cell death (necrosis)
    • Darzynkiewicz Z, Juan G, Li X, Gorczyca W, Murakami T, Traganos F. Cytometry in cell necrobiology: analysis of apoptosis and accidental cell death (necrosis). Cytometry. 1997;27:1-27.
    • (1997) Cytometry , vol.27 , pp. 1-27
    • Darzynkiewicz, Z.1    Juan, G.2    Li, X.3    Gorczyca, W.4    Murakami, T.5    Traganos, F.6
  • 50
    • 0026642195 scopus 로고
    • Induction of apoptosis in fibroblasts by c-myc protein
    • Evan G, Wyllie A, Gilbert C, et al. Induction of apoptosis in fibroblasts by c-myc protein. Cell. 1992;69:119-128.
    • (1992) Cell , vol.69 , pp. 119-128
    • Evan, G.1    Wyllie, A.2    Gilbert, C.3
  • 51
    • 0029883542 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Paclitaxel-induced apoptotic changes followed by time-lapse video microscopy in cell lines established from head and neck cancer
    • Pulkkinen JO, Elomaa L, Joensuu H, Martikkainen P, Servomaa K, Grenman R. Paclitaxel-induced apoptotic changes followed by time-lapse video microscopy in cell lines established from head and neck cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 1996;122:214-218.
    • (1996) J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. , vol.122 , pp. 214-218
    • Pulkkinen, J.O.1    Elomaa, L.2    Joensuu, H.3    Martikkainen, P.4    Servomaa, K.5    Grenman, R.6
  • 52
    • 0026504147 scopus 로고
    • Social controls on cell survival and cell death
    • Raff MC. Social controls on cell survival and cell death. Nature. 1992;356: 397-400.
    • (1992) Nature , vol.356 , pp. 397-400
    • Raff, M.C.1
  • 53
    • 0031034304 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cell-matrix and cell-cell interactions modulate apoptosis of bronchial epithelial cells
    • Lung Cell Mol Physiol 16
    • Aoshiba K, Rennard SI, Spurzem JR. Cell-matrix and cell-cell interactions modulate apoptosis of bronchial epithelial cells. Am J Physiol. 1997;72(Lung Cell Mol Physiol 16):L28-L37.
    • (1997) Am J Physiol. , vol.72
    • Aoshiba, K.1    Rennard, S.I.2    Spurzem, J.R.3
  • 54
    • 0030046508 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Life, death and the pursuit of apoptosis
    • White E. Life, death and the pursuit of apoptosis. Genes Dev. 1996;10:1-15.
    • (1996) Genes Dev. , vol.10 , pp. 1-15
    • White, E.1
  • 56
    • 0028329172 scopus 로고
    • Apoptosis: Its significance in cancer and cancer research
    • Kerr JFR, Winterford CM, Harmon BV. Apoptosis: its significance in cancer and cancer research. Cancer. 1994;73:2013-2026.
    • (1994) Cancer , vol.73 , pp. 2013-2026
    • Kerr, J.F.R.1    Winterford, C.M.2    Harmon, B.V.3
  • 57
    • 0029116545 scopus 로고
    • Inactivation of Cdc2 increases the level of apoptosis induced by DNA damage
    • Ongkeko W, Ferguson DJP, Harris AL, Norbury C. Inactivation of Cdc2 increases the level of apoptosis induced by DNA damage. J Cell Sci. 1995;108: 2897-2904.
    • (1995) J Cell Sci. , vol.108 , pp. 2897-2904
    • Ongkeko, W.1    Ferguson, D.J.P.2    Harris, A.L.3    Norbury, C.4
  • 58
    • 0029849620 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cancer cell cycles
    • Sherr CJ. Cancer cell cycles. Science. 1996;274:1672-1677.
    • (1996) Science , vol.274 , pp. 1672-1677
    • Sherr, C.J.1
  • 59
    • 0029011805 scopus 로고
    • Cell cycle and apoptosis: Common pathways to life and death
    • King KL, Cidlowski JA. Cell cycle and apoptosis: common pathways to life and death. J Cell Biochem. 1995;58:175-180.
    • (1995) J Cell Biochem. , vol.58 , pp. 175-180
    • King, K.L.1    Cidlowski, J.A.2
  • 60
    • 0030272687 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diverse molecular provocation of programmed cell death
    • Wertz IE, Hanley MR. Diverse molecular provocation of programmed cell death. Trends Biochem Sci. 1996;21:359-364
    • (1996) Trends Biochem Sci. , vol.21 , pp. 359-364
    • Wertz, I.E.1    Hanley, M.R.2
  • 61
    • 0001539858 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apoptosis: A current molecular analysis
    • Tang DG, Porter AT. Apoptosis: a current molecular analysis. Pathol Oncol Res. 1996;2:117-130.
    • (1996) Pathol Oncol Res. , vol.2 , pp. 117-130
    • Tang, D.G.1    Porter, A.T.2
  • 62
    • 0029055676 scopus 로고
    • Ceramide: A stress signal and mediator of growth suppression and apoptosis
    • Obeid LM, Hannun YA. Ceramide: a stress signal and mediator of growth suppression and apoptosis. J Cell Biochem. 1995;58:191-198.
    • (1995) J Cell Biochem. , vol.58 , pp. 191-198
    • Obeid, L.M.1    Hannun, Y.A.2
  • 63
    • 0030931876 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Caspases: The executioners of apoptosis
    • Cohen GM. Caspases: the executioners of apoptosis. Biochem J. 1997;326: 1-16.
    • (1997) Biochem J. , vol.326 , pp. 1-16
    • Cohen, G.M.1
  • 65
    • 0029760923 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Forging a path to cell death
    • Barinaga M. Forging a path to cell death. Science. 1996;273:735-737.
    • (1996) Science , vol.273 , pp. 735-737
    • Barinaga, M.1
  • 66
    • 0031034563 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Controlling cell death
    • Golstein P. Controlling cell death. Science. 1997;275:1081-1082.
    • (1997) Science , vol.275 , pp. 1081-1082
    • Golstein, P.1
  • 67
    • 0028102478 scopus 로고
    • Cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase by a proteinase with properties like ICE
    • Lazebnik YA, Kaufmann SH, Desnoyers S, Poirier GG, Earnshaw WC. Cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase by a proteinase with properties like ICE. Nature. 1994;371:346-347.
    • (1994) Nature , vol.371 , pp. 346-347
    • Lazebnik, Y.A.1    Kaufmann, S.H.2    Desnoyers, S.3    Poirier, G.G.4    Earnshaw, W.C.5
  • 68
    • 0029802405 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lamin and β-tubulin fragmentation precede chromatin degradation in glutamate-induced neuronal apoptosis
    • Ankarcrona M, Zhivotovsky B, Holmstrom T, et al. Lamin and β-tubulin fragmentation precede chromatin degradation in glutamate-induced neuronal apoptosis. Neuroreport. 1996;7:2659-2664.
    • (1996) Neuroreport , vol.7 , pp. 2659-2664
    • Ankarcrona, M.1    Zhivotovsky, B.2    Holmstrom, T.3
  • 69
    • 0027985477 scopus 로고
    • A study of apoptosis in normal and pathologic nervous tissue after in situ end-labelling of DNA strand breaks
    • Migheli A, Cavalla P, Marino S, Schiffer D. A study of apoptosis in normal and pathologic nervous tissue after in situ end-labelling of DNA strand breaks. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 1994;53:606-616.
    • (1994) J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. , vol.53 , pp. 606-616
    • Migheli, A.1    Cavalla, P.2    Marino, S.3    Schiffer, D.4
  • 70
    • 0029927422 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of proteases during apoptosis
    • Patel T, Gores GJ, Kaufmann SH. The role of proteases during apoptosis. FASEB J. 1996;10:587-597.
    • (1996) FASEB J. , vol.10 , pp. 587-597
    • Patel, T.1    Gores, G.J.2    Kaufmann, S.H.3
  • 71
    • 0030187244 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proteolytic cleavage during chemotherapy-induced apoptosis
    • Kaufmann SH. Proteolytic cleavage during chemotherapy-induced apoptosis. Mol Med Today. 1996;2:298-303.
    • (1996) Mol Med Today , vol.2 , pp. 298-303
    • Kaufmann, S.H.1
  • 72
    • 0028268215 scopus 로고
    • Programmed cell death and Bcl-2 protection in the absence of a nucleus
    • Jacobson MD, Burne JF, Raff MC. Programmed cell death and Bcl-2 protection in the absence of a nucleus. EMBO J. 1994;13:1899-1910.
    • (1994) EMBO J. , vol.13 , pp. 1899-1910
    • Jacobson, M.D.1    Burne, J.F.2    Raff, M.C.3
  • 73
  • 74
    • 0028229125 scopus 로고
    • Molecular controls of apoptosis: Differentiation/growth arrest primary response genes, proto-oncogenes, and tumor suppressor genes as positive and negative modulators
    • Hoffman B, Liebermann DA. Molecular controls of apoptosis: differentiation/growth arrest primary response genes, proto-oncogenes, and tumor suppressor genes as positive and negative modulators. Oncogene. 1994;9:1807-1812.
    • (1994) Oncogene , vol.9 , pp. 1807-1812
    • Hoffman, B.1    Liebermann, D.A.2
  • 75
    • 0029655304 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Induction of apoptosis by the c-Fos protein
    • Preston GA, Lyon TT, Yin Y, et al. Induction of apoptosis by the c-Fos protein. Mo Cell Biol. 1996;16:211-218.
    • (1996) Mo Cell Biol. , vol.16 , pp. 211-218
    • Preston, G.A.1    Lyon, T.T.2    Yin, Y.3
  • 76
    • 0002448574 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Integrated control of cell proliferation and apoptosis by oncogenes
    • Thomas NSB, ed. Oxford, UK: BIOS Scientific Publishers Ltd
    • Evan GI, Harrington E, McCarthy N, Gilbert C, Benedict MA, Nunez G. Integrated control of cell proliferation and apoptosis by oncogenes. In: Thomas NSB, ed. Apoptosis and Cell Cycle Control in Cancer. Oxford, UK: BIOS Scientific Publishers Ltd; 1996:109-129.
    • (1996) Apoptosis and Cell Cycle Control in Cancer , pp. 109-129
    • Evan, G.I.1    Harrington, E.2    McCarthy, N.3    Gilbert, C.4    Ma, B.5    Nunez, G.6
  • 77
    • 0026695699 scopus 로고
    • Bcl-2: A repressor of lymphocyte death
    • Korsmeyer SJ. Bcl-2: a repressor of lymphocyte death. Immunol Today. 1992;13:285-288.
    • (1992) Immunol Today , vol.13 , pp. 285-288
    • Korsmeyer, S.J.1
  • 78
    • 0023786047 scopus 로고
    • Bcl-2 gene promotes haemopoietic cell survival and cooperates with c-myc to immortalize pre-B cells
    • Vaux DL, Cory S, Adams JM. Bcl-2 gene promotes haemopoietic cell survival and cooperates with c-myc to immortalize pre-B cells. Nature. 1988;335: 440-442.
    • (1988) Nature , vol.335 , pp. 440-442
    • Vaux, D.L.1    Cory, S.2    Adams, J.M.3
  • 79
    • 0028288277 scopus 로고
    • C. elegans cell survival gene ced-9 encodes a functional homolog of the mammalian proto-oncogene bcl-2
    • Hengartner MO, Horvitz HR. C. elegans cell survival gene ced-9 encodes a functional homolog of the mammalian proto-oncogene bcl-2. Cell. 1994;76: 665-676.
    • (1994) Cell , vol.76 , pp. 665-676
    • Hengartner, M.O.1    Horvitz, H.R.2
  • 80
    • 0026053958 scopus 로고
    • Progression from lymphoid hyperplasia to high grade malignant lymphoma in mice transgenic for the t(14;18)
    • McDonnell TJ, Korsmeyer SJ. Progression from lymphoid hyperplasia to high grade malignant lymphoma in mice transgenic for the t(14;18). Nature. 1991;349:254-256.
    • (1991) Nature , vol.349 , pp. 254-256
    • McDonnell, T.J.1    Korsmeyer, S.J.2
  • 81
    • 0021821903 scopus 로고
    • Involvement of the bcl-2 gene in human follicular lymphoma
    • Tsujimoto Y, Cossmann J, Jaffe E, Croce CM. Involvement of the bcl-2 gene in human follicular lymphoma. Science. 1985;228:1440-1443.
    • (1985) Science , vol.228 , pp. 1440-1443
    • Tsujimoto, Y.1    Cossmann, J.2    Jaffe, E.3    Croce, C.M.4
  • 82
    • 0026688162 scopus 로고
    • Apoptotic cell death induced by c-myc is inhibited by bcl-2
    • Bissonnette RP, Echeverri F, Mahboudi A, Green DR. Apoptotic cell death induced by c-myc is inhibited by bcl-2. Nature. 1992;359:552-554.
    • (1992) Nature , vol.359 , pp. 552-554
    • Bissonnette, R.P.1    Echeverri, F.2    Mahboudi, A.3    Green, D.R.4
  • 84
    • 0027715083 scopus 로고
    • Expression of bcl-2 in fetal tissues suggests a role in morphogenesis
    • LeBrun DP, Warnke RA, Cleary ML. Expression of bcl-2 in fetal tissues suggests a role in morphogenesis. Am J Pathol. 1993;142:743-753.
    • (1993) Am J Pathol. , vol.142 , pp. 743-753
    • LeBrun, D.P.1    Warnke, R.A.2    Cleary, M.L.3
  • 85
    • 0028930969 scopus 로고
    • What is the value of bcl-2 protein detection for histopathologists?
    • Pezzella F, Gatter K. What is the value of bcl-2 protein detection for histopathologists? Histopathology. 1995;26:89-93.
    • (1995) Histopathology , vol.26 , pp. 89-93
    • Pezzella, F.1    Gatter, K.2
  • 86
    • 0027389763 scopus 로고
    • Bcl-2 oncoprotein blocks chemotherapy-induced apoptosis in a human leukemia cell line
    • Miyashita T, Reed JC. Bcl-2 oncoprotein blocks chemotherapy-induced apoptosis in a human leukemia cell line. Blood. 1993;81:151-157.
    • (1993) Blood , vol.81 , pp. 151-157
    • Miyashita, T.1    Reed, J.C.2
  • 87
    • 0027166048 scopus 로고
    • Bcl-2 heterodimerizes in vivo with a conserved homolog, Bax, that accelerates programed cell death
    • Oltvai ZN, Milliman CL, Korsmeyer SJ. Bcl-2 heterodimerizes in vivo with a conserved homolog, Bax, that accelerates programed cell death. Cell. 1993;74: 609-619.
    • (1993) Cell , vol.74 , pp. 609-619
    • Oltvai, Z.N.1    Milliman, C.L.2    Korsmeyer, S.J.3
  • 88
    • 0027282044 scopus 로고
    • bcl-x, a bcl-2 related gene that functions as a dominant regulator of apoptotic cell death
    • Boise LH, Gonzalez-Garcia M, Postema CE, et al. bcl-x, a bcl-2 related gene that functions as a dominant regulator of apoptotic cell death. Cell. 1993; 74:597-608.
    • (1993) Cell , vol.74 , pp. 597-608
    • Boise, L.H.1    Gonzalez-Garcia, M.2    Postema, C.E.3
  • 89
    • 0029941463 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apoptosis and chemotherapy resistance
    • Hickman JA. Apoptosis and chemotherapy resistance. Eur J Cancer. 1996; 32A:921-926.
    • (1996) Eur J Cancer , vol.32 A , pp. 921-926
    • Hickman, J.A.1
  • 90
    • 0028904163 scopus 로고
    • Modulation of apoptosis by the widely distributed Bcl-2 homologue Bak
    • Kiefer MC, Brauer MJ, Powers VC, et al. Modulation of apoptosis by the widely distributed Bcl-2 homologue Bak. Nature. 1995;374:736-739.
    • (1995) Nature , vol.374 , pp. 736-739
    • Kiefer, M.C.1    Brauer, M.J.2    Powers, V.C.3
  • 91
    • 0027260656 scopus 로고
    • Epstein-Barr virus-coded BHFR1 protein, a viral homolog of Bcl-2, protects human B cells from programmed cell death
    • Henderson S, Huen D, Rowe M, Dawson C, Johnson G, Rickinson A. Epstein-Barr virus-coded BHFR1 protein, a viral homolog of Bcl-2, protects human B cells from programmed cell death. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1993;90: 8479-8483.
    • (1993) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.90 , pp. 8479-8483
    • Henderson, S.1    Huen, D.2    Rowe, M.3    Dawson, C.4    Johnson, G.5    Rickinson, A.6
  • 92
    • 0031048545 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bcl-2 and the ICE family of apoptotic regulators: Making a connection
    • Rao L, White E. Bcl-2 and the ICE family of apoptotic regulators: making a connection. Curr Opin Genet Development. 1997;7:52-58.
    • (1997) Curr Opin Genet Development , vol.7 , pp. 52-58
    • Rao, L.1    White, E.2
  • 94
    • 0030237476 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • P53 - Integrating the complexity
    • Editorial
    • Hall PA, Meek D, Lane DP. p53 - integrating the complexity. J Pathol. 1996;180:1-5. Editorial.
    • (1996) J Pathol. , vol.180 , pp. 1-5
    • Hall, P.A.1    Meek, D.2    Lane, D.P.3
  • 95
    • 0030941458 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • p53, the cellular gatekeeper for growth and differentiation
    • Levine AJ. p53, the cellular gatekeeper for growth and differentiation. Cell. 1997;88:323-331.
    • (1997) Cell , vol.88 , pp. 323-331
    • Levine, A.J.1
  • 96
    • 0028335717 scopus 로고
    • Tumor suppressor p53 is a regulator of bcl-2 and bax gene expression in vitro and in vivo
    • Miyashita T, Krajewski S, Krajewska M, et al. Tumor suppressor p53 is a regulator of bcl-2 and bax gene expression in vitro and in vivo. Oncogene. 1994; 9:1799-1805.
    • (1994) Oncogene , vol.9 , pp. 1799-1805
    • Miyashita, T.1    Krajewski, S.2    Krajewska, M.3
  • 97
    • 0026669469 scopus 로고
    • p53 function and dysfunction
    • Vogelstein B, Kinzler KW. p53 function and dysfunction. Cell. 1992;70: 523-526.
    • (1992) Cell , vol.70 , pp. 523-526
    • Vogelstein, B.1    Kinzler, K.W.2
  • 98
    • 0027319521 scopus 로고
    • p53 is required for radiation-induced apoptosis in mouse thymocytes
    • Lowe SW, Schmitt EM, Smith SW, Osborne BA, Jacks T. p53 is required for radiation-induced apoptosis in mouse thymocytes. Nature. 1993;362:847-849.
    • (1993) Nature , vol.362 , pp. 847-849
    • Lowe, S.W.1    Schmitt, E.M.2    Smith, S.W.3    Osborne, B.A.4    Jacks, T.5
  • 99
    • 0027451668 scopus 로고
    • p53-independent apoptosis modulates the cytotoxicity of anti-cancer agents
    • Lowe SW, Ruley HE, Jacks T, Housman DE. p53-independent apoptosis modulates the cytotoxicity of anti-cancer agents. Cell. 1993;74:957-967.
    • (1993) Cell , vol.74 , pp. 957-967
    • Lowe, S.W.1    Ruley, H.E.2    Jacks, T.3    Housman, D.E.4
  • 100
    • 0027109075 scopus 로고
    • p53, guardian of the genome
    • Lane DP. p53, guardian of the genome. Nature. 1992;358:15-16.
    • (1992) Nature , vol.358 , pp. 15-16
    • Lane, D.P.1
  • 102
    • 0028169994 scopus 로고
    • p53-dependent apoptosis suppresses tumor growth and progression in vivo
    • Symmonds H, Krail L, Remington L, et al. p53-dependent apoptosis suppresses tumor growth and progression in vivo. Cell. 1994;78:703-711.
    • (1994) Cell , vol.78 , pp. 703-711
    • Symmonds, H.1    Krail, L.2    Remington, L.3
  • 103
    • 0031034762 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • p53 status affects the rate of the onset but not the overall extent of doxorubicin-induced cell death in Rat-1 fibroblasts constitutively expressing c-Myc
    • Han J-W, Dionne CA, Kedersha NL, Goldmacher VS. p53 status affects the rate of the onset but not the overall extent of doxorubicin-induced cell death in Rat-1 fibroblasts constitutively expressing c-Myc. Cancer Res. 1997;57:176-182.
    • (1997) Cancer Res. , vol.57 , pp. 176-182
    • Han, J.-W.1    Dionne, C.A.2    Kedersha, N.L.3    Goldmacher, V.S.4
  • 104
    • 0029595337 scopus 로고
    • c-Myc induces apoptosis in epithelial cells by both p53-dependent and p53-independent mechanisms
    • Sakamoro D, Eviner V, Elliott KJ, Showe L, White E, Prendergast GC. c-Myc induces apoptosis in epithelial cells by both p53-dependent and p53-independent mechanisms. Oncogene. 1995;11:2411-2418.
    • (1995) Oncogene , vol.11 , pp. 2411-2418
    • Sakamoro, D.1    Eviner, V.2    Elliott, K.J.3    Showe, L.4    White, E.5    Prendergast, G.C.6
  • 105
    • 0024596722 scopus 로고
    • A cell-killing monoclonal antibody (anti-Fas) to a cell surface antigen co-downregulated with the receptor of tumor necrosis factor
    • Yonehara S, Ishii AI, Yonehara M. A cell-killing monoclonal antibody (anti-Fas) to a cell surface antigen co-downregulated with the receptor of tumor necrosis factor. J Exp Med. 1989;169:1747-1756.
    • (1989) J Exp Med. , vol.169 , pp. 1747-1756
    • Yonehara, S.1    Ishii, A.I.2    Yonehara, M.3
  • 106
    • 0024347970 scopus 로고
    • Monoclonal antibody-mediated tumor regression by induction of apoptosis
    • Trauth BC, Klas C, Peters AMJ, et al. Monoclonal antibody-mediated tumor regression by induction of apoptosis. Science. 1989;245:301-304.
    • (1989) Science , vol.245 , pp. 301-304
    • Trauth, B.C.1    Klas, C.2    Peters, A.M.J.3
  • 107
    • 0029945021 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expression of Fas and anti-Fas-mediated apoptosis in human renal cell carcinoma
    • Inoue M, Yano H, Kojiro M. Expression of Fas and anti-Fas-mediated apoptosis in human renal cell carcinoma. Int J Pathol. 1996;9:49-56.
    • (1996) Int J Pathol. , vol.9 , pp. 49-56
    • Inoue, M.1    Yano, H.2    Kojiro, M.3
  • 108
    • 0001455324 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The tumor strikes back: New data on expression of the CD95(APO-1/FAS) receptor/ligand system may cause paradigm changes in our view on drug treatment and tumor immunology
    • Krammer PH. The tumor strikes back: new data on expression of the CD95(APO-1/FAS) receptor/ligand system may cause paradigm changes in our view on drug treatment and tumor immunology. Cell Death Differ. 1997;4:362-364.
    • (1997) Cell Death Differ. , vol.4 , pp. 362-364
    • Krammer, P.H.1
  • 109
    • 0026568919 scopus 로고
    • Lymphoproliferation disorder in mice explained by defects in the Fas antigen that mediates apoptosis
    • Watanabe-Fukunaga R, Brannan CI, Copeland NG, Jenkins NA, Nagata S. Lymphoproliferation disorder in mice explained by defects in the Fas antigen that mediates apoptosis. Nature. 1992;356:314-317.
    • (1992) Nature , vol.356 , pp. 314-317
    • Watanabe-Fukunaga, R.1    Brannan, C.I.2    Copeland, N.G.3    Jenkins, N.A.4    Nagata, S.5
  • 110
    • 0015343136 scopus 로고
    • A suggested explanation for the paradoxically slow growth rate of basal cell carcinomas that contain numerous mitotic figures
    • Kerr JFR, Searle J. A suggested explanation for the paradoxically slow growth rate of basal cell carcinomas that contain numerous mitotic figures. J Pathol. 1972;107:41-44.
    • (1972) J Pathol. , vol.107 , pp. 41-44
    • Kerr, J.F.R.1    Searle, J.2
  • 111
    • 0028047723 scopus 로고
    • The role of p53 in spontaneous and radiation-induced apoptosis in the gastrointestinal tract of normal and p53 deficient mice
    • Merritt AJ, Potten CS, Kemp CJ, et al. The role of p53 in spontaneous and radiation-induced apoptosis in the gastrointestinal tract of normal and p53 deficient mice. Cancer Res. 1994;54:614-617.
    • (1994) Cancer Res. , vol.54 , pp. 614-617
    • Merritt, A.J.1    Potten, C.S.2    Kemp, C.J.3
  • 112
    • 0030137811 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apoptosis in vivo and in vitro: Conflict or complementarity?
    • Clarke AR, Sphyris N, Harrison DJ. Apoptosis in vivo and in vitro: conflict or complementarity? Mol Med Today. 1996;2:189-191.
    • (1996) Mol Med Today , vol.2 , pp. 189-191
    • Clarke, A.R.1    Sphyris, N.2    Harrison, D.J.3
  • 113
    • 0026026737 scopus 로고
    • Diffuse centrocytic and/or centroblastic malignant non-Hodgkins lymhoma: Comparison of mitotic and pyknotic (apoptotic) indices
    • Del Vecchio MT, Leoncini L, Buerki K, et al. Diffuse centrocytic and/or centroblastic malignant non-Hodgkins lymhoma: comparison of mitotic and pyknotic (apoptotic) indices. Int J Cancer. 1991;45:38-43.
    • (1991) Int J Cancer , vol.45 , pp. 38-43
    • Del Vecchio, M.T.1    Leoncini, L.2    Buerki, K.3
  • 114
    • 0028231893 scopus 로고
    • Apoptosis is inversely related to necrosis and determines net growth in tumors bearing constitutively expressed myc, ras and HPV oncogenes
    • Arends MJ, McGregor AH, Wyllie AH. Apoptosis is inversely related to necrosis and determines net growth in tumors bearing constitutively expressed myc, ras and HPV oncogenes. Am J Pathol. 1994;144:1045-1057.
    • (1994) Am J Pathol. , vol.144 , pp. 1045-1057
    • Arends, M.J.1    McGregor, A.H.2    Wyllie, A.H.3
  • 115
    • 9844253901 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The extent of apoptosis in ovarian serous carcinoma in relationship to mitotic and proliferative indices, p53 expression and survival
    • McMenamin ME, O Neill AJ, Gaffney EF. The extent of apoptosis in ovarian serous carcinoma in relationship to mitotic and proliferative indices, p53 expression and survival. J Clin Pathol (Mol Pathol). 1997;50:242-246.
    • (1997) J Clin Pathol (Mol Pathol) , vol.50 , pp. 242-246
    • McMenamin, M.E.1    O Neill, A.J.2    Gaffney, E.F.3
  • 116
    • 0028813448 scopus 로고
    • The frequency of apoptosis correlates with prognosis of Gleason grade 3 adenocarcinoma of the prostate
    • Aihara M, Scardino PT, Truong LD, et al. The frequency of apoptosis correlates with prognosis of Gleason grade 3 adenocarcinoma of the prostate. Cancer. 1995;75:522-529.
    • (1995) Cancer , vol.75 , pp. 522-529
    • Aihara, M.1    Scardino, P.T.2    Truong, L.D.3
  • 117
    • 0030057349 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apoptosis occurs independently of bcl-2 and p53 over-expression in non-small cell lung carcinoma
    • O Neill AJ, Staunton MJ, Gaffney EF. Apoptosis occurs independently of bcl-2 and p53 over-expression in non-small cell lung carcinoma. Histopathology. 1996;29:45-50.
    • (1996) Histopathology , vol.29 , pp. 45-50
    • O Neill, A.J.1    Staunton, M.J.2    Gaffney, E.F.3
  • 118
    • 0025129170 scopus 로고
    • The clinical assessment of proliferation and growth in human tumours: Evaluation of methods and applications as prognostic markers
    • Quinn CM, Wright NA. The clinical assessment of proliferation and growth in human tumours: evaluation of methods and applications as prognostic markers. J Pathol. 1990;160:93-102.
    • (1990) J Pathol. , vol.160 , pp. 93-102
    • Quinn, C.M.1    Wright, N.A.2
  • 119
    • 0014150541 scopus 로고
    • Cell loss as a factor in the growth rate of human tumours
    • Steel GG. Cell loss as a factor in the growth rate of human tumours. Eur J Cancer. 1967;3:381-387.
    • (1967) Eur J Cancer , vol.3 , pp. 381-387
    • Steel, G.G.1
  • 120
    • 0041782652 scopus 로고
    • Principles of molecular cell biology of cancer: The cell cycle
    • Devita VI Jr, Hellman S, Rosenberg SA, eds. Philadelphia, Pa: JB Lippincott
    • Baserga R. Principles of molecular cell biology of cancer: the cell cycle. In: Devita VI Jr, Hellman S, Rosenberg SA, eds. Cancer, Principles & Practice of Oncology. 4th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: JB Lippincott: 1993:60-66.
    • (1993) Cancer, Principles & Practice of Oncology. 4th Ed. , pp. 60-66
    • Baserga, R.1
  • 121
    • 0028296852 scopus 로고
    • Cell loss and tumor growth revisited
    • Gonzalez MJ, Herrera FL. Cell loss and tumor growth revisited. Med Hypotheses. 1994;42:39-42.
    • (1994) Med Hypotheses , vol.42 , pp. 39-42
    • Gonzalez, M.J.1    Herrera, F.L.2
  • 122
    • 0027956116 scopus 로고
    • Apoptosis in bladder cancer as related to standard prognostic factors and prognosis
    • Lipponen PK, Aaltomaa S. Apoptosis in bladder cancer as related to standard prognostic factors and prognosis. J Pathol. 1994;173:333-339.
    • (1994) J Pathol. , vol.173 , pp. 333-339
    • Lipponen, P.K.1    Aaltomaa, S.2
  • 123
    • 10544245681 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stage-related differences of mitotic and apoptotic indices, and bcl-2 protein expression in diffusely growing nonHodgkin's lymphomas
    • Spina D, Leoncini L, Megha T, et al. Stage-related differences of mitotic and apoptotic indices, and bcl-2 protein expression in diffusely growing nonHodgkin's lymphomas. Int J Cancer. 1996;68:436-440.
    • (1996) Int J Cancer , vol.68 , pp. 436-440
    • Spina, D.1    Leoncini, L.2    Megha, T.3
  • 126
    • 0002559045 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The repression of apoptosis by activated abl oncogenes in chronic myelogenous leukaemia
    • Fernandes RS, Cotter TG. The repression of apoptosis by activated abl oncogenes in chronic myelogenous leukaemia. Leukemia. 1996;10(suppl2):S17-S21.
    • (1996) Leukemia , vol.10 , Issue.2 SUPPL.
    • Fernandes, R.S.1    Cotter, T.G.2
  • 127
    • 0029979366 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Positive correlation between apoptosis and proliferative indices in gastrointestinal lymphomas of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)
    • Du M, Singh N, Husseuin A, Isaacson PG, Pan L. Positive correlation between apoptosis and proliferative indices in gastrointestinal lymphomas of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT). J Pathol. 1996;178:379-384.
    • (1996) J Pathol. , vol.178 , pp. 379-384
    • Du, M.1    Singh, N.2    Husseuin, A.3    Isaacson, P.G.4    Pan, L.5
  • 128
    • 0029835824 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bcl-2 expression is correlated with a low apoptotic index and associated with progesterone receptor immunoreactivity in endometrial carcinomas
    • Saegusa M, Kamata Y, Isono M, Okayasu I. Bcl-2 expression is correlated with a low apoptotic index and associated with progesterone receptor immunoreactivity in endometrial carcinomas. J Pathol. 1996;180:275-282.
    • (1996) J Pathol. , vol.180 , pp. 275-282
    • Saegusa, M.1    Kamata, Y.2    Isono, M.3    Okayasu, I.4
  • 129
    • 0028115802 scopus 로고
    • bcl-2 in normal human breast and carcinoma, association with oestrogen receptor-positive, epidermal growth factor receptor-negative tumours and in situ cancer
    • Leek RD, Kaklamanis L, Pezzella F, Gatter KC, Harris AL. bcl-2 in normal human breast and carcinoma, association with oestrogen receptor-positive, epidermal growth factor receptor-negative tumours and in situ cancer. Br J Cancer. 1994;69:135-139.
    • (1994) Br J Cancer , vol.69 , pp. 135-139
    • Leek, R.D.1    Kaklamanis, L.2    Pezzella, F.3    Gatter, K.C.4    Harris, A.L.5
  • 130
    • 0030768893 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The extent of apoptosis is inversely associated with bcl-2 expression in premalignant and malignant breast lesions
    • Mustonen M, Raunio H, Paakko P, Soini Y. The extent of apoptosis is inversely associated with bcl-2 expression in premalignant and malignant breast lesions. Histopathology. 1997;31:347-354.
    • (1997) Histopathology , vol.31 , pp. 347-354
    • Mustonen, M.1    Raunio, H.2    Paakko, P.3    Soini, Y.4
  • 131
    • 0028896159 scopus 로고
    • bcl-2 and p53 oncoprotein expression during colorectal tumorigenesis
    • Sinicrope FA, Ruan SB, Cleary KR, et al. bcl-2 and p53 oncoprotein expression during colorectal tumorigenesis. Cancer Res. 1995;55:237-241.
    • (1995) Cancer Res. , vol.55 , pp. 237-241
    • Sinicrope, F.A.1    Ruan, S.B.2    Cleary, K.R.3
  • 132
    • 0028071583 scopus 로고
    • Apoptosis and expression of the bcl-2 proto-oncogene in the fetal and adult human kidney: Evidence for the contribution of bcl-2 expression to renal carcinogenesis
    • Chandler D, EI-Naggar AK, Brisbay S, Redline RW, McDonnell TJ. Apoptosis and expression of the bcl-2 proto-oncogene in the fetal and adult human kidney: evidence for the contribution of bcl-2 expression to renal carcinogenesis. Hum Pathol. 1994;25:789-796.
    • (1994) Hum Pathol. , vol.25 , pp. 789-796
    • Chandler, D.1    Ei-Naggar, A.K.2    Brisbay, S.3    Redline, R.W.4    McDonnell, T.J.5
  • 133
    • 0027186201 scopus 로고
    • bcl-2 protein in non-small-cell lung carcinoma
    • Pezzella F, Turley H, Kuzu I, et al. bcl-2 protein in non-small-cell lung carcinoma. N Engl J Med. 1993;329:690-694.
    • (1993) N Engl J Med. , vol.329 , pp. 690-694
    • Pezzella, F.1    Turley, H.2    Kuzu, I.3
  • 134
    • 0028279597 scopus 로고
    • Expression of bcl-2 gene product in neuroblastoma
    • Ramani P, Lu Q-L. Expression of bcl-2 gene product in neuroblastoma. J Pathol. 1995;172:273-278.
    • (1995) J Pathol. , vol.172 , pp. 273-278
    • Ramani, P.1    Lu, Q.-L.2
  • 135
    • 0028857747 scopus 로고
    • Expression of bcl-2 oncogene protein is prevalent in small cell lung carcinomas
    • Jiang S-X, Sato Y, Kuwao S, Tameya T. Expression of bcl-2 oncogene protein is prevalent in small cell lung carcinomas. J Pathol. 1995;177:135-138.
    • (1995) J Pathol. , vol.177 , pp. 135-138
    • Jiang, S.-X.1    Sato, Y.2    Kuwao, S.3    Tameya, T.4
  • 137
    • 0029854194 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extent of apoptosis in relation to p53 and bcl-2 expression in germ cell tumors
    • Soini Y, Paakko P. Extent of apoptosis in relation to p53 and bcl-2 expression in germ cell tumors. Hum Pathol. 1996;27:1221-1226.
    • (1996) Hum Pathol. , vol.27 , pp. 1221-1226
    • Soini, Y.1    Paakko, P.2
  • 138
    • 0031025384 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apoptosis induced by y-irradiation but not CD4 ligation, of peripheral T lymphocytes in vivo is p53-dependent
    • Malcomson RDG, Clarke AR, Peter A, Coutts SB, Howie SEM, Harrison DJ. Apoptosis induced by y-irradiation but not CD4 ligation, of peripheral T lymphocytes in vivo is p53-dependent. J Pathol. 1997;181:166-171.
    • (1997) J Pathol. , vol.181 , pp. 166-171
    • Malcomson, R.D.G.1    Clarke, A.R.2    Peter, A.3    Coutts, S.B.4    Howie, S.E.M.5    Harrison, D.J.6
  • 139
    • 0027172914 scopus 로고
    • Activation of the Abelson tyrosine kinase activity is associated with the suppression of apoptosis in haemopoietic cells
    • Evans CA, Owen PJ, Whetton AD, Dive C. Activation of the Abelson tyrosine kinase activity is associated with the suppression of apoptosis in haemopoietic cells. Cancer Res. 1993;53:1735-1738.
    • (1993) Cancer Res. , vol.53 , pp. 1735-1738
    • Evans, C.A.1    Owen, P.J.2    Whetton, A.D.3    Dive, C.4
  • 140
    • 0029823748 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Isoform-specific functions of c-abl: Type I is necessary for differentiation, and type IV is inhibitory to apoptosis
    • Daniel R, Wong PMC, Chung S-W. Isoform-specific functions of c-abl: type I is necessary for differentiation, and type IV is inhibitory to apoptosis. Cell Growth Differ. 1996;7:1141-1148.
    • (1996) Cell Growth Differ. , vol.7 , pp. 1141-1148
    • Daniel, R.1    Wong, P.M.C.2    Chung, S.-W.3
  • 141
    • 0030721598 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Abl expression in human fetal tissues, tumours and microvessels
    • O Neill AJ, Cotter TG, Russell JM, Gaffney EF. Abl expression in human fetal tissues, tumours and microvessels. J Pathol. 1997;183:325-329.
    • (1997) J Pathol. , vol.183 , pp. 325-329
    • O Neill, A.J.1    Cotter, T.G.2    Russell, J.M.3    Gaffney, E.F.4
  • 142
    • 0028723444 scopus 로고
    • Apoptotic index as a biomarker in prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) and prostate cancer
    • Wheeler TM, Rogers E, Aihara M, Scardino PT, Thompson TC. Apoptotic index as a biomarker in prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) and prostate cancer. J Cell Biochem. 1994;19(suppl):202-207.
    • (1994) J Cell Biochem. , vol.19 , Issue.SUPPL. , pp. 202-207
    • Wheeler, T.M.1    Rogers, E.2    Aihara, M.3    Scardino, P.T.4    Thompson, T.C.5
  • 144
    • 0027093255 scopus 로고
    • Expression of the protooncogene bcl-2 in the prostate and its association with the emergence of androgen-independent prostate cancer
    • McDonnell TJ, Troncoso P, Brisbay SM, et al. Expression of the protooncogene bcl-2 in the prostate and its association with the emergence of androgen-independent prostate cancer. Cancer Res. 1992;52:6940-6944.
    • (1992) Cancer Res. , vol.52 , pp. 6940-6944
    • McDonnell, T.J.1    Troncoso, P.2    Brisbay, S.M.3
  • 146
  • 147
    • 0028946120 scopus 로고
    • Apoptotic and mitotic indices in malignant melanoma and basal cell carcinoma
    • Mooney EE, Ruis Peria JM, O Neill A, Sweeney EC. Apoptotic and mitotic indices in malignant melanoma and basal cell carcinoma. J Clin Pathol. 1995; 48:242-244.
    • (1995) J Clin Pathol. , vol.48 , pp. 242-244
    • Mooney, E.E.1    Ruis Peria, J.M.2    O Neill, A.3    Sweeney, E.C.4
  • 149
    • 0030025773 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypoxia-mediated selection of cells with diminished apoptotic potential in solid tumours
    • Graeber TG, Osmanian C, Jacks T, et al. Hypoxia-mediated selection of cells with diminished apoptotic potential in solid tumours. Nature. 1996;379:88-91.
    • (1996) Nature , vol.379 , pp. 88-91
    • Graeber, T.G.1    Osmanian, C.2    Jacks, T.3
  • 150
    • 0029925825 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apoptotic cell death and its relationship to carcinogenesis in colorectal carcinoma
    • Tsujitani S, Shirai H, Tatebe S, et al. Apoptotic cell death and its relationship to carcinogenesis in colorectal carcinoma. Cancer. 1996;77:1711-1716.
    • (1996) Cancer , vol.77 , pp. 1711-1716
    • Tsujitani, S.1    Shirai, H.2    Tatebe, S.3
  • 151
    • 0029000732 scopus 로고
    • Dynamics of cell proliferation and cell death during the emergence of primitive neuroectodermal tumors of the immature central nervous system in transgenic mice
    • Fung K-M, Lee M-Y, Trojanowski JQ. Dynamics of cell proliferation and cell death during the emergence of primitive neuroectodermal tumors of the immature central nervous system in transgenic mice. Am J Pathol. 1995;146:1376-1387.
    • (1995) Am J Pathol. , vol.146 , pp. 1376-1387
    • Fung, K.-M.1    Lee, M.-Y.2    Trojanowski, J.Q.3
  • 152
    • 0030938772 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apoptosis and cancer mechanisms
    • Pan H, Yin C, Van Dyke T. Apoptosis and cancer mechanisms. Cancer Surv. 1997;29:305-327.
    • (1997) Cancer Surv. , vol.29 , pp. 305-327
    • Pan, H.1    Yin, C.2    Van Dyke, T.3
  • 153
    • 0028860378 scopus 로고
    • Apoptosis, intrinsic radiosensitivity and prediction of radiotherapy response in cervical carcinoma
    • Levine EL, Renehan A, Gossiel R, et al. Apoptosis, intrinsic radiosensitivity and prediction of radiotherapy response in cervical carcinoma. Radiother Oncol. 1995;37:1-9.
    • (1995) Radiother Oncol. , vol.37 , pp. 1-9
    • Levine, E.L.1    Renehan, A.2    Gossiel, R.3
  • 155
    • 0029893702 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The origin of programmed cell death
    • Ameisen JC. The origin of programmed cell death. Science. 1996;272: 1278-1279.
    • (1996) Science , vol.272 , pp. 1278-1279
    • Ameisen, J.C.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.