Cardiovascular consequences of obesity: Role of leptin

Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology

Volumn 25, Issue 1, 1998, Pages 65-69

  Haynes, William G ^a   Morgan, Donald A ^a   Walsh, Susan A ^a   Sivitz, William I ^a   Mark, Allyn L ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF IOWA   (United States)

Author keywords

Autonomic nervous system; Blood pressure; Kidney; Obesity; Salt

Indexed keywords

INSULIN; LEPTIN; LEPTIN RECEPTOR; SODIUM CHLORIDE;

ADIPOSE TISSUE; ADRENERGIC SYSTEM; AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM; CONFERENCE PAPER; ENERGY EXPENDITURE; HEART RATE; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; INSULIN RESISTANCE; INSULIN SENSITIVITY; OBESITY; SALT INTAKE; SODIUM RETENTION; SODIUM URINE LEVEL; SYMPATHETIC BLOCKING; WEIGHT REDUCTION;

EID: 0031884693     PISSN: 03051870     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1681.1998.tb02147.x     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (56)

1. Kuczmarski RJ, Flegal KM, Cambell SM, Johnson CL. Increasing prevalence of overweight among US adults: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, 1960-1991. JAMA 1994; 272: 205-11.
2. Kushner RF. Body weight and mortality. Nutr. Rev. 1993; 51: 127-36.
3. Manson JE, Willett WC, Stampfer MJ et al. Body weight and mortality among women. N. Engl. J. Med. 1995; 333: 677-85.
4. Stamler RA, Stamler J, Riedlinger WF, Algera G, Roberts RH. Weight and blood pressure findings in hypertension screening of 1 million Americans. JAMA 1978; 240: 1607-10.
5. Reisen E, Abel R, Modan M, Silverberg DS, Eliahou HE, Modan B. Effect of weight loss without salt restriction on the reduction of blood pressure in overweight hypertensive patients. N. Engl. J. Med. 1978; 298: 1-6.
6. Rocchini AP, Key J, Blondie D et al. The effect of weight loss on the sensitivity of blood pressure to sodium in obese adolescents. N. Engl. J. Med. 1989; 321: 580-5.
7. Hsueh WA, Buchanan TA. Obesity and hypertension. Endocrine Hypertens. 1994; 23: 405-27.
8. Zhang Y, Proenca R, Maffei M, Barone M, Leopold L, Friedman JM. Positional cloning of the mouse obese gene and its human homologue. Nature 1994; 372: 425-32.
9. Schwartz M, Seeley RJ, Campfield LA, Burn P, Baskin DG. Identification of targets of leptin action in rat hypothalamus. J. Clin. Invest. 1996; 98: 1101-6.
10. Fan W, Boston BA, Kesterson RA, Hruby VJ, Cone RD. Role of melanocortinergic neurons in feeding and the agouti obesity syndrome. Nature. 1997; 385: 165-8.
11. Streamson C, Chua SC, Chung WK et al. Phenotypes of mouse diabetes and rat fatty due to mutations in the OB (leptin) receptor. Science 1996; 271: 994-6.
12. Kurtz TW, Morris RC, Pershadsingh HA. The Zucker fatty rat as a genetic model of obesity and hypertension. Hypertension 1989; 13: 896-901.
13. Morgan DA, Anderson EA, Mark AL. Renal sympathetic nerve activity is increased in obese Zucker rats. Hypertension 1995; 25: 834-8.
14. Haynes WG, Morgan DA, Walder RA, Koletsky RJ, DiBona GF, Mark AL. Does leptin resistance increase pressor responses to salt and stress? Hypertension 1996; 28: 518 (Abstract).
15. Reddy SR, Kotchen TA. Dietary sodium chloride increases blood pressure in obese Zucker rats. Hypertension 1992; 20: 389-93.
16. Takaya K, Ogawa Y, Hiraoka J et al. Nonsense mutation of the leptin receptor in the obese spontaneously hypertensive rat (Koletsky rat). Nature Genet. 1996; 13: 130-1.
17. Ernsberger P, Koletsky RJ, Collins LA, Bedol D. Sympathetic nervous system in salt-sensitive and obese hypertension: Amelioration of multiple abnormalities by a central sympatholytic agent. Cardiovasc. Drugs Ther. 1996; 10: 275-82.
18. Stern MP, Rosenthal M, Haffner SM, Hazuda HP, Franco LJ. Sex difference in the effect of sociocultural status on diabetes and cardiovascular risk factors in Mexican-Americans: The San Antonio Heart Study. Am. J. Epidemiol. 1984; 120: 834-51.
19. Van Itallie TB. Health implications of overweight and obesity in the United States. Ann. Intern. Med. 1985; 103: 983-8.
20. Rocchini AP, Moorhead CP, DeRemer S, Blondie S. Pathogenesis of weight related changes in blood pressure in dogs. Hypertension 1989; 13: 922-8.
21. Hall JE, Brands MW, Dixon WN, Smith MJ. Obesity-induced hypertension: Renal function and systemic hemodynamics. Hypertension 1993; 22: 292-9.
22. DeFronzo RA, Cooke RA, Andres R, Faloona GR, Davies PJ. The effect of insulin on renal handling of sodium, potassium, calcium and phosphate in man. J. Clin. Invest. 1975; 55: 845-55.
23. Anderson EA, Hoffman RP, Balon TW, Sinkey CA, Mark AL. Hyperinsulinemia produces both sympathetic neural activation and vasodilatation in normal humans. J. Clin. Invest. 1991; 87: 2246-52.
24. Morgan DA, Balon TW, Ginsberg BH, Mark AL. Non-uniform regional sympathetic nerve responses to hyperinsulinemia in rats. Am. J. Physiol. 1993; 33: R423-7.
25. Morgan DA, Mark AL, Balon TW, Ray CA. High fat diet evokes increases in sympathetic nerve responses to insulin in rats. FASEB J. 1992; 6: A946 (Abstract).
26. Anderson EA, Mark AL. The vasodilator action of insulin: Implications for the insulin hypothesis of hypertension. Hypertension 1993; 21: 136-41.
27. Holt SJ, York DA. Studies on the sympathetic efferent nerves of brown adipose tissue of lean and obese Zucker rats. Brain Res. 1989; 481: 106-12.
28. Haynes WG, Morgan DA, Walsh SA, Mark AL, Sivitz WI. Receptor-mediated regional sympathetic nerve activation by leptin. J. Clin. Invest. 1997; 100: 270-8.
29. Kassab S, Kato T, Wilkins FC, Chen R, Hall JE, Granger JP. Renal denervation attenuates the sodium retention and hypertension associated with obesity. Hypertension 1995; 25: 893-5.
30. Scherrer U, Randin D, Tapp L, Vollenweider P, Jequier E, Nicod P. Body fat and sympathetic nerve activity in healthy subjects. Circulation 1994; 89: 2634-40.
31. Aronne LJ, MacKintosh R, Rosenbaum M, Leibel RL, Hirsch J. Autonomic nervous system activity in weight gain and weight loss. Am. J. Physiol. 1995; 269: R222-5.
32. Coleman DL. Effects of parabiosis of obese with diabetes and normal mice. Diabetologia 1973; 9: 294-8.
33. Considine RV, Sinha MK, Heiman ML et al. Serum immunoreactive leptin concentrations in normal-weight and obese humans. N. Engl. J. Med. 1996; 334: 292-5.
34. Banks WA, Kastin AJ, Huang W, Jaspan JB, Maness LM. Leptin enters the brain by a saturable system independent of insulin. Peptides 1996; 17: 305-11.
35. Golden P, MacCagnan TJ, Pardridge WM. Human blood-brain barrier leptin receptor: Binding and endocytosis in isolated human brain microvessels. J. Clin. Invest. 1997; 99: 14-18.
36. Lee G-H, Proenca R, Montez JM et al. Abnormal splicing of the leptin receptor in diabetic mice. Nature 1996; 379: 632-5.
37. Vaisse C, Halaas JL, Horvath CM, Darnell JE Jr, Stoffel M, Friedman JM. Leptin activation of Stat3 in the hypothalamus of wild-type and ob/ob mice, but not db/db mice. Nature Genet. 1996; 14: 95-7.
38. Emilsson V, Liu YL, Cawthorne MA, Morton NM, Davenport M. Expression of the functional leptin receptor mRNA in pancreatic islets and direct inhibitory action of leptin on insulin secretion. Diabetes 1997; 46: 313-16.
39. Pellymounter MA, Cullen MJ, Baker MB et al. Effects of the obese gene product on body weight regulation in ob/ob mice. Science 1995; 269: 540-3.
40. Halaas JL, Gajiwalla KS, Maffei M et al. Weight reducing effects of the plasma protein encoded by the obese gene. Science 1995; 269: 543-6.
41. Campfield LA, Smith FJ, Guisez Y, Devos R, Burn P. Recombinant mouse OB protein: Evidence for a peripheral signal linking adiposity and central neural networks. Science 1995; 269: 546-9.
42. Collins S, Kuhn CM, Petro AE, Swick AG, Chrunyk BA, Surwit RS. Role of leptin in fat regulation. Nature 1996; 380: 677.
43. Hirsch J. Some heat but not enough light. Nature 1997; 387: 27-8.
44. Fleury C, Neverova M, Collins S et al. Uncoupling protein-2: A novel gene linked to obesity and hyperinsulinemia. Nature Genet. 1997; 15: 269-72.
45. Jackson EK, Li P. Human leptin may function as a diuretic/natriuretic hormone. Hypertension 1996; 28: 517 (Abstract).
46. Reams G, Villarreal D, Taraben A, Freeman RH, Knoblich P. Renal effects of leptin in normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats. FASEB J. 1997; 11: A258 (Abstract).
47. Serradeil-Le Gal C, Raufaste D, Brossard G et al. Characterization and localization of leptin receptors in the rat kidney. FEBS Lett. 1997; 404: 185-91.
48. Chen GX, Koyama K, Yuan X et al. Disappearance of body fat in normal rats induced by adenovirus-mediated leptin gene therapy. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 1996; 93: 14 795-9.
49. Sivitz WI, Walsh SA, Morgan DA, Thomas MJ, Haynes WG. Effects of leptin on insulin sensitivity in normal rats. Endocrinology 1997; 138: 3395-401.
50. Maffei M, Halaas J, Ravussin E et al. Leptin levels in human and rodent: Measurement of plasma leptin and Ob RNA in obese and weight-reduced subjects. Nature Med. 1995; 1: 1155-61.
51. Ravussin E, Pratley RE, Maffei M et al. Relatively low plasma leptin concentrations precede weight gain in Pima Indians. Nature Med. 1997; 3: 238-40.
52. Montague CT, Farooqi IS, Whitehead JP et al. Congenital leptin deficiency is associated with severe early onset obesity in humans. Nature 1997; 387: 903-8.
53. Considine RV, Considine EL, Williams CJ et al. Evidence against either a premature stop codon or the absence of obese gene mRNA in human obesity. J. Clin. Invest. 1995; 95: 2986-8.
54. Caro JF, Kolaczynski JW, Nyce MR et al. Decreased cerebrospinal fluid/serum leptin ratio in obesity: A possible mechanism for leptin resistance. Lancet 1996; 348: 159-61.
55. Schwartz MW, Peskind E, Raskind M, Boyko E, Porte D. Cerebrospinal fluid leptin levels: Relationship to plasma levels and to adiposity in humans. Nature Med. 1996; 2: 589-93.
56. Vanheek M, Compton DS, France CF et al. Diet-induced obese mice develop peripheral, but not central, resistance to leptin. J. Clin. Invest. 1997; 99: 385-90.