Chemokines

Blood

Volumn 90, Issue 3, 1997, Pages 909-928

  Rollins, Barrett J ^a,b  

^a HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United States)

^b DANA FARBER CANCER INSTITUTE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CHEMOKINE; CHEMOKINE RECEPTOR;

GENE LOCUS; HUMAN; IMMUNOREGULATION; INFLAMMATION; LEUKOCYTE FUNCTION; LEUKOCYTE MIGRATION; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW;

EID: 0030825407     PISSN: 00064971     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1182/blood.v90.3.909     Document Type: Review

References (272)

1. Oppenheim JJ, Zachariae COC, Mukaida N, Matsushima K: Properties of the novel proinflammatory supergene "intercrine" family. Annu Rev lmmunol 9:617, 1991
2. Ernst CA. Zhang YJ. Hancock PR. Rutledge BJ, Corless CL, Rollins BJ: Biochemical and biological characterization of murine MCP-1: Identification of two functional domains. J Immunol 152:3541, 1994
3. 3C motif. Nature 385:640, 1997
4. 3a. Pan Y, Lloyd C, Zhou H, Dolich S, Deeds J. Gonzalo JA, Vath J, Gosselin M, Ma J, Dussault B, Woolf E, Alperin G, Culpepper J, Gutierrez-Ramos JC, Gearing D: Neurotactin, a membrane-anchored chemokine upregulated in brain inflammation. Nature 387:611, 1997
5. Kelner GS, Kennedy J, Bacon KB, Kleyensteuber S, Largaespada DA, Jenkins NA, Copeland NG, Bazan JF, Moore KW, Schall TJ, Zlotnik A: Lymphotactin: A cytokine that represents a new class of chemokine. Science 266:1395, 1994
6. Uguccioni M, D'Apuzzo M, Loetscher M, Dewald B, Baggiolini M: Actions of the chemotactic cytokines MCP-1, MCP-2, MCP-3, RANTES, MIP-1α and MIP-1β on human monocytes. Eur J Immunol 25:64, 1995
7. Walz A, Peveri P, Aschauer H, Baggiolini M: Purification and amino acid sequencing of NAF, a novel neutrophil activating factor produced by monocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 149:755, 1987
8. Yoshimura T, Matsushima K, Tanaka S, Robinson EA, Appella E, Oppenheim JJ, Leonard EJ: Purification of a human monocytederived neutrophil chemotactic factor that has peptide sequence similarity to other host defense cytokines. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 84:9233, 1987
9. Schroder J-M, Mrowietz U, Morita E, Christophers E: Purification and partial biochemical characterization of a human monocyte-derived, neutrophil-activating peptide thai lacks interleukin 1 activity. J Immunol 139:3474, 1987
10. 2-terminal residues and evidence tor uncoupling of neutrophil chemolaxis, exocytosis, and receptor binding activities. J Biol Chem 266:23128, 1991
11. Heben CA, Viytaiigcol RV, Baker JB: Scanning mutagenesis of interleukin-8 identifies a cluster of residues required for receptor binding. J Biol Chem 266:18989, 1991
12. Walz A, Dewald B, von Tscharner V, Baggiolini M: Effects of the neutrophil-activating peptide NAP-2, platelet basic protein, connective tissue-activating peptide III, and platelet factor 4 on human neutrophils. J Exp Med 170:1745, 1989
13. Van Damme J, Van Beeumen J, Conings R, Decock B, Billiau A: Purification of granulocyte chemotactic peptide/interleukin-8 reveals N-terminal sequence heterogeneity similar to that of β-thromboglobulin. Eur J Biochem 181:337, 1989
14. Yoshimura T, Robinson EA, Appella E, Matsushima K, Showalter SD, Skeel A, Leonard EJ: Three forms of monocyte-derived neutrophil chemotactic factor (MDNCF) distinguished by different lengths of the amino-terminal sequence. Mol Immunol 26:87, 1989
15. Huber AR, Kunkel SL, Todd RF, Weiss SJ: Regulation of transendothelial neutrophil migration by endogenous interleukin-8. Science 254:99, 1991
16. Gimbrone MAJ, Obin MS, Brock AF, Luis EA, Hass PE, Hebert CA, Yip YK, Leung DW, Lowe DG, Kohr WJ, Darbonne WC, Bechtol KB, Baker JB: Endothelial interleukin-8: A novel inhibitor of leukocyte-endothelial interactions. Science 246:1601, 1989
17. Larsen CG, Anderson AO, Appella E, Oppenheim JJ, Matsushima K: Neutrophil activating protein (NAP-1) is also chemotactic for T lymphocytes. Science 243:1464, 1989
18. Roth SJ, Carr MW, Springer TA: C-C chemokines, but not the C-X-C chemokines interleukin-8 and interferon-γ inducible protein-10, stimulate transendothelial chemotaxis of T lymphocytes. Eur J Immunol 25:3482, 1995
19. Oin S, LaRosa G, Campbell JJ, Smith-Heath H, Kassam N, Shi X, Zeng L, Buthcher EC, Mackay CR: Expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and interleukin-8 receptors on subsets of T cells: Correlation with transendothelial chemotactic potential. Eur J Immunol 26:640, 1996
20. Petzelbauer P, Watson CA, Pfau SE, Pober JS: IL-8 and angiogenesis: Evidence that human endothelial cells lack receptors and do not respond to IL-8 in vitro. Cytokine 7:267, 1995
21. Dahinden CA, Kurimoto Y, De Week AL, Lindsey I, Dewald B, Baggiolini M: The neutrophil activating peptide NAF/NAP-1 induces histamine and leukotriene release by interleukin 3-primed basophils. J Exp Med 170:1787, 1989
22. White MV, Yoshimura T, Hook W, Kaliner M, Leonard EJ: Neutrophil attractant/activation protein (NAP-1) causes human basophil histamine release. Immunol Lett 22:151, 1989
23. Anisowicz A, Bardwell L, Sager R: Constitutive overexpression of a growth-regulated gene in transformed Chinese hamster and human cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 84:7188, 1987
24. Cochran BH, Reffel AC, Stiles CD: Molecular cloning of gene sequences regulated by platelet-derived growth factor. Cell 33:939, 1983
25. Oquendo P, Alberta J, Wen D, Graycar JL, Derynck R, Stiles CD: The platelet-derived growth factor-inducible KC gene encodes a secretory protein related to platelet α-granule proteins. J Biol Chem 264:4133, 1989
26. Richmond A, Belentien E, Thomas HG, Flaggs G, Barton DE, Spiess J, Bordoni R, Francke U, Derynck R: Molecular characterization and chromosomal mapping of melanoma growth stimulatory activity, a growth factor structurally related to β-thrombo-globulin. EMBO J 7:2025, 1988
27. 2-terminal amino acid sequence identity with melanoma growth stimulatory activity. J Exp Med 171:1091, 1990
28. Moser B, Clark-Lewis I. Zwahlen R, Baggiolini M: Neutrophil-activating properties of the melanoma growth-stimulating activity, MGSA. J Exp Med 171:1797, 1990
29. Haskill S, Peace A, Morris J, Sporn SA, Anisowicz A, Lee SW, Smith T, Martin G, Ralph P, Sager R: Identification of three related human GRO genes encoding cytokine functions. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 87:7732, 1990
30. Wolpe SD, Sherry B, Juers D, Davatelis G, Yurt RW, Cerami A: Identification and characterization of macrophage inflammatory protein 2. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 86:612, 1989
31. Tekamp-Olson P, Gallegos C, Bauer D, McClain J, Sherry B, Fahre M, van Deventer, DS, Cerami A: Cloning and characterization of cDNAs for murine macrophage inflammatory protein 2 and its human homologues. J Exp Med 172:911, 1990
32. Walz A. Burgener R, Car B, Baggiolini M, Kunkel SL, Stricter RM: Structure and neutrophil-activating properties of a novel inflammatory peptide (ENA-78) with homology to interleukin 8. J Exp Med 174:1355, 1991
33. Proost P, De Wolf-Peeters C, Conings R, Opdenakker G, Billiau A, Van Damme J: Identification of a novel granulocyte chemotactic protein (GCP-2) from human tumor cells. In vitro and in vivo comparison with natural forms of GRO, IP-10, and IL-8. J Immunol 150:1000, 1993
34. Holt JC, Harris ME, Holt AM, Lange E, Henschen A, Niewiarowski S: Characterization of human platelet basic protein, a precursor form of low-affinity platelet factor 4 and β-thromboglobulin. Biochemistry 25:1988, 1986
35. Castor CW, Miller JW, Walz DA: Structural and biological characteristics of connective tissue activating peptide (CTAP-III), a major human platelet-derived growth factor. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 80:765, 1983
36. Mullenbach GT, Tabrizi A, Blacher RW, Steimer KS: Chemical synthesis and expression in yeast of a gene encoding connective tissue activating peptide-III. J Biol Chem 261:719, 1986
37. Senior RM, Griffin GL, Huang JS, Walz DA. Deuel TF: Chemotactic activity of platelet alpha granule proteins for fibroblasts. J Cell Biol 96:382, 1983
38. Walz A, Baggiolini M: A novel cleavage product of β-thromboglobulin formed in cultures of stimulated mononuclear cells activates human neutrophils. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 159:969, 1989
39. Leonard EJ, Yoshimura T, Rot A, Noer K, Walz A, Baggiolini M, Walz DA, Goetzl EJ, Castor CW: Chemotactic activity and receptor binding of neutrophil attractant/activation protein-1 (NAP-1) and structurally related host defense cytokines: Interaction of NAP-2 with the NAP-1 receptor. J Leukoc Biol 49:258, 1991
40. Deuel TF, Senior RM, Chang D, Griffin GL, Henrikson RL, Kaiser ET: Platelet factor 4 is Chemotactic for neutrophils and monocytes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 78:4584, 1981
41. Maione TE, Gray GS, Petro J, Hunt AJ, Donner AL, Bauer SI, Carson HF, Sharpe RJ: Inhibition of angiogenesis by recombinant human platelet factor-4 and related peptides. Science 247:77, 1990
42. Gupta SK, Hassel T, Singh JP: A potent inhibitor of endothelial cell proliferation is generated by proteolytic cleavage of the chemokine platelet factor 4. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 92:7799, 1995
43. Luster AD, Unkeless JC, Ravetch JV: γ-Interferon transcriptionally regulates an early-response gene containing homology to platetelt proteins. Nature 315:672, 1985
44. Narumi S, Wyner L, Stoler MH, Tannenbaum CS, Hamilton TA: Tissue-specific expression of murine IP-10 mRNA following systemic treatment with interferon γ. J Leukoc Biol 52:27, 1992
45. Dewald B, Moser B, Barella L, Schumacher C, Baggiolini M, Clark-Lewis I: IP-10, a γ-interferon-inducible protein related to interleukin-8 lacks neutrophil actovating properties. Immunol Lett 32:81, 1992
46. Murphy WJ, Tian ZG, Asai O, Funakoshi S, Rotter P, Henry M. Stricter RM, Kunkel SL, Longo DL, Taub DD: Chemokines and T lymphocyte activation: II. Facilitation of human T cell trafficking in severe combined immunodeficiency mice. J Immunol 156:2104, 1996
47. Taub DD, Longo DL, Murphy WJ: Human interferon-inducible protein-10 induces mononuclear cell infiltration in mice and promotes the migration of human T lymphocytes into the peripheral tissues and human peripheral blood lyniphocytes-SCID mice. Blood 87:1423, 1996
48. Liao F, Rabin RL, Yannelli JR. Koniaris LG, Vanguri P, Farber JM: Human Mig chemokine: Biochemical and functional characterization. J Exp Med 182:1301, 1995
49. Loetscher M. Gerber B. Loetscher P. Jones SA, Piali L, Clark-Lewis I, Baggiolini M, Moser B: Chemokine receptor specific for IP10 and Mig: Structure, function, and expression in activated Tlymphocytes. J Exp Med 184:963, 1996
50. Tashiro K, Tada H, Heilker R, Shirozu M, Nakano T, Honjo T: Signal sequence trap: A cloning strategy for secreted proteins and type I membrane proteins. Science 261:600, 1993
51. Bleul CC, Farzan M, Choe H, Parolin C, Clark-Lewis I, Sodroski J, Springer TA: The lymphocyte chemoattractant SDF-1 is a ligand for LESTR/fusin and blocks HIV-1 entry. Nature 382:829, 1996
52. + progenitors to peripheral blood. J Exp Med 185:111, 1997
53. Nagasawa T, Hirota S, Tachibana K, Takakura N, Nishikawa S, Kitamura Y, Yoshida N, Kikutani H, Kishimoto T: Defects of Bcell lymphopoiesis and bone-marrow myelopoiesis in mice lacking the CXC chemokine PBSF/SDF-1. Nature 382:635, 1996
54. Shirozu M, Nakano T, Inazawa J, Tashiro K, Tada H, Shinohara T, Honjo T: Structure and chromosomal localization of the human stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF1) gene. Genomics 28:495, 1995
55. Oberlin E, Amara A, Bachelerie F, Bessia C, Virelizier JL, Arenzana-Seisdedos F, Schwartz O, Heard JM, Clark-Lewis I, Legier DF, Loetscher M, Baggiolini M, Moser B: The CXC chemokine SDF-1 is the ligand for LESTR/fusin and prevents infection by Tcell-line-adapted HIV-1. Nature 382:833, 1996
56. Valente AJ, Graves DT, Vialle-Valentin CE, Delgado R, Schwartz CJ: Purification of a monocyte chemotactic factor secreted by nonhuman primate vascular cells in culture. Biochemistry 27:4162, 1988
57. Matsushima K, Larsen CG, DuBois GC, Oppenheim JJ: Purification and characterization of a novel monocyte chemotactic and activating factor produced by a human myelomonocytic cell line. J Exp Med 169:1485, 1989
58. Yoshimura T, Robinson EA, Tanaka S, Appella E, Leonard EJ: Purification and amino acid analysis of two human monocyte chemoattractants produced by phytohemagglutinin-stimulated human blood mononuclear leukocytes. J Immunol 142:1956, 1989
59. Rollins BJ, Morrison ED, Stiles CD: Cloning and expression of JE, a gene inducible by platelet-derived growth factor and whose product has cytokine-like properties. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 85:3738, 1988
60. Rollins BJ, Stier P, Ernst TE, Wong GG: The human homologue of the JE gene encodes a monocyte secretory protein. Mol Cell Biol 9:4687, 1989
61. Jiang Y, Beller DI, Frendl G, Graves DT: Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 regulates adhesion molecule expression and cytokine production in human monocytes. J Immunol 148:2423, 1992
62. Vaddi K, Newton RC: Regulation of monocyte integrin expression by β-family chemokines. J Immunol 153:4721, 1994
63. Carr MW, Roth SJ, Luther E, Rose SS, Springer TA: Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 acts as a T-lymphocyte chemoattractant. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 91:3652, 1994
64. Loetscher P, Seitz M, Clark-Lewis I, Baggiolini M, Moser B: Activation of NK cells by CC chemokines. Chemotaxis, Ca2+ mobilization, and enzyme release. J Immunol 156:322, 1996
65. Allavena P, Bianchi G, Zhou D, van Damme J, Jilek P, Sozzani S, Mantovani A: Induction of natural killer cell migration by monocyte chemotactic protein-1, -2 and -3. Eur J Immunol 24:3233, 1994
66. Loetscher P, Seitz M, Clark-Lewis I, Baggiolini M, Moser B: Monocyte chemotactic proteins MCP-I, MCP-2, and MCP-3 are major attractants for human CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes. FA-SEB J 8:1055, 1994
67. + cells. Eur J Immunol 26:315, 1996
68. Bischoff SC, Krieger M, Brunner T, Dahinden CA: Monocyte chemotactic protein 1 is a potent activator of human basophils. J Exp Med 125:1271, 1992
69. Kuna P, Reddigari SR, Rucinski D, Oppenheim JJ, Kaplan AP: Monocyte chemotactic and activating factor is a potent histamine-releasing factor for human basophils. J Exp Med 175:489, 1992
70. Alam R, Lett-Brown MA, Forsythe PA, Anderson-Walters DJ, Kenamore C, Kormos C, Grant JA: Monocyte chemotactic and activating factor is a potent histamine-releasing factor for basophils. J Clin Invest 89:723, 1992
71. Van Damme J, Proost P, Lenaerts JP, Opdenakker G: Structural and functional identification of two human, tumor-derived monocyte chemotactic proteins (MCP-2 and MCP-3) belonging to the chemokine family. J Exp Med 176:59, 1992
72. Chang HC, Hsu F, Freeman GJ, Griffin JD, Reinherz EL: Cloning and expression of a γ-interferon-inducible gene in monocytes: A new member of a cytokine gene family. Int Immunol 1:388, 1989
73. Heinrich JN, Ryseck RP, Macdonald-Bravo H, Bravo R: The product of a novel growth factor-activated gene, fic, is a biologically active "C-C"-type cytokine. Mol Cell Biol 13:2020, 1993
74. Sozzani S, Locati M, Zhou D, Rieppi M, Luini W, Lamorte G, Bianchi G, Polentarutti N, Allavena P, Mantovani A: Receptors, signal transduction, and spectrum of action of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 and related chemokines. J Leukoc Biol 57:788, 1995
75. Proost P, Wuyts A, Van Damme J: Human monocyte chemotactic proteins-2 and -3: Structural and functional comparison with MCP-1. J Leukoc Biol 59:67, 1996
76. Dahinden CA, Geiser T, Brunner T, von Tscharner V, Caput D, Ferrara P, Minty A, Baggiolini M: Monocyte chemotactic protein 3 is a most effective basophil- and eosinophil-activating chemokine. J Exp Med 179:751, 1994
77. Alam R, Forsythe P, Stafford S, Heinrich J, Bravo R, Proost P, Van Damme J: Monocyte chemotactic protein-2, monocyte chemotactic protein-3, and fibroblast-induced cytokine. Three new chemokines induce chemotaxis and activation of basophils. J Immunol 153:3155, 1994
78. Weber M, Uguccioni M, Ochensberger B, Baggiolini M, Clark-Lewis I, Dahinden CA: Monocyte chemotactic protein MCP-2 activates human basophil and eosinophil leukocytes similar to MCP-3. J Immunol 154:4166, 1995
79. Noso N, Proost P, Van Damme J, Schroder JM: Human monocyte chemotactic proteins-2 and 3 (MCP-2 and MCP-3) attract human eosinophils and desensitize the chemotactic responses towards RANTES. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 200: 1470, 1994
80. Sozzani S. Sallusto F. Luini W, Zhou D, Piemonti L, Allavena P, Van Damme J. Valitutti S, Lanzavecchia A, Mantovani A: Migration of dendritic cells in reponse to formyl peptides, C5a, and a distinct set of chemokines. J Immunol 155:3292, 1995
81. Uguccioni M, Loetscher P, Forssmann U, Dewald B, Li H, Lima SH, Li Y, Kreider B, Garolta G, Thelen M, Baggiolini M: Monocyte chemotactic protein 4 (MCP-4), a novel structural and functional analogue of MCP-3 and eotaxin. J Exp Med 183:2379, 1996
82. Sarafi MN, Garcia-Zepeda EA, Mac Lean JA, Charo IF, Luster AD: Murine monocyte chemoatiractant protein (MCP)-5: A novel CC chemokine that is a structural and functional homologue of human MCP-I. J Exp Med 185:99, 1997
83. Jia GQ, Gonzalo JA, Lloyd C, Kremer L, Lu L, Martinez-AC, Wershil BK, Guttierez-Ramos JC: Distinct expression and function of the novel mouse chemokine monocyte chemotactic protein-5 in lung allergic inflammation. J Exp Med 184:1939, 1996
84. Wolpe SD, Davatelis G, Sherry B, Beutler B, Hesse DG, Nguyen HT, Moldawer LL, Nathan CF, Lowry SF, Cerami A: Macrophages secrete a novel heparin-binding protein with inflammatory and neutrophil chemotactic properties. J Exp Med 167:570, 1988
85. Sherry B, Tekamp-Olson P, Gallegos C, Bauer D, Davatelis G, Wolpe SD, Masiarz F, Coit D, Cerami A: Resolution of the two components of macrophage inflammatory protein 1, and cloning and characterization of one of those components, macrophage inflammatory protein 1β. J Exp Med 168:2251, 1988
86. Fahey TJI, Tracey KJ, Tekamp-Olson P, Cousens LS, Jones WG, Shires GT, Cerami A, Sherry B: Macrophage inflammatory protein 1 modulates macrophage function. J Immunol 148:2764, 1992
87. + T cells in response to MIP-1α and MIP-1β. Science 260:355, 1993
88. Schall TJ, Bacon K, Camp RDR, Kaspari JW, Goeddel DV: Human macrophage inflammatory protein α (MIP-1α) and MIP-1β chemokines attract distinct populations of lymphocytes. J Exp Med 177:1821, 1993
89. Graham GJ. Wright EG, Hewick R, Wolpe SD, Wilkie NM, Donaldson D, Lorimore S, Pragnell IB: Identification and characterization of an inhibitor of haematopoietic stem cell proliferation. Nature 344:442, 1990
90. Taub DD, Sayers TJ, Carter CR, Ortaldo JR: α and β chemokines induce NK cell migration and enhance NK-mediated cytolysis. J Immunol 155:3877, 1995
91. Alam R, Kumar D, Anderson-Walters D, Forsythe PA: Macrophage inflammatory protein-1α and monocyte chemoattractant peptide-1 elicit immediate and late cutaneous reactions and activate murine mast cells in vivo. J Immunol 152:1298, 1994
92. Alam R, Forsythe PA, Stafford S, Lett-Brown MA, Grant JA: Macrophage inflammatory protein-1α activates basophils and mast cells. J Exp Med 176:781, 1992
93. Rot A, Krieger M, Brunner T, Bischoff SC, Schall TJ, Dahinden CA: RANTES and macrophage inflammatory protein Iα induce the migration and activation of normal human eosinophil granulocytes. J Exp Med 176:1489, 1992
94. Schall TJ, Jongstra J, Dyer BJ, Jorgensen J, Clayberger C, Davis MM, Krensky AM: A human T cell-specific molecule is a member of a new gene family. J Immunol 141:1018, 1988
95. Schall TJ, Bacon K, Toy KJ, Goeddel DV: Selective attraction of monocytes and T lymphocytes of the memory phenotype by cytokine RANTES. Nature 347:669, 1990
96. Lim KG, Wan HC, Bozza PT, Resmck MB, Wong DT, Cruikshank WW, Kornfeld H, Center DM, Weller PF: Human eosinophils elaborate the lymphocyte chemoattractants. IL-16 (lymphocyte chemoattractant factor) and RANTES. J Immunol 156:2566, 1996
97. Kuna P, Reddigari SR, Schall TJ, Rueinski D, Viksman MY, Kaplan AP: RANTES, a monocyte and T lymphocyte chemotactic cytokine releases histamine from human basophils. J Immunol 149:636, 1992
98. Jose PJ, Griffiths-Johnson DS, Collins PD, Walsh DT, Moqbel R, Totly NF, Truong O, Hsuun JJ, Williams TJ: Eotaxin: A potent eosinophil chemoattractant cytokine detected in a guinea pig model of allergic airways inflammation. J Exp Med 179:881. 1994
99. Collins PD, Marleau S, Griffiths-Johnson DA, Jose PJ, Williams TJ: Cooperation between imerleukin-5 and the chemokine eotaxin to induce eosinophil accumulation in vivo. J Exp Med 182:1169, 1995
100. Rothenberg ME, Luster AD, Lilly CM, Drazen JM, Leder P: Constitutive and allergen-induced expression of eotaxin mRNA in the guinea pig lung. J Exp Med 181:1211. 1995
101. Rothenberg ME, Luster AD, Leder P: Murine eotaxin: An eosinophil chemoattractant inducible in endothelial cells and in interleukin 4-induced tumor suppression. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 92:8960, 1995
102. Gonzalo JA, Jia GQ, Aguirre V, Friend D, Coyle AJ, Jenkins NA, Lin GS, Katz H, Lichtman A, Copeland N, Kopf M, Gutierrez-Ramos JC: Mouse eotaxin expression parallels eosinophil accumulation during lung allergic inflammation but it is not restricted to a Th2-type response. Immunity 4:1. 1996
103. Kitaura M, Nakajima T, Imai T, Harada S, Combadiere C, Tiffany HL, Murphy PM, Yoshie O: Molecular cloning of human eotaxin, an eosinophil-selective CC chemokine, and identification of a specific eosinophil eotaxin receptor, CC chemokine receptor 3. J Biol Chem 271:7725, 1996
104. Ponath PD, Qin S, Ringler DJ, Clark-Lewis I, Wang J, Kassam N, Smith H, Shi X, Gonzalo JA, Newman W, Gutierrez-Ramos JC, Mackay CR: Cloning of the human eosinophil chemoattractant, eotaxin. Expression, receptor binding, and functional properties suggest a mechanism for the selective recruitment of eosinophils. J Clin Invest 97:604, 1996
105. Miller MD, Hata S, De WMR, Krangel MS: A novel polypeptide secreted by activated human T lymphocytes. J Immunol 143:2907, 1989
106. Burd PR, Freeman GJ, Wilson SD, Berman M, DeKruyff R, Billings PR, Dorf ME: Cloning and characterization of a novel T cell activation gene. J Immunol 139:3126, 1987
107. Miller MD, Krangel MS: The human cytokine 1-309 is a monocyte chemoattractant. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 89:2950, 1992
108. Luo Y, Laning J, Devi S, Mak J, Schall TJ, Dorf ME: Biologic activities of the murine β-chemokine TCA3. J Immunol 153:4616, 1994
109. Kuna P, Reddigari SR, Schall TJ, Rucinski D, Sadick M. Kaplan AP: Characterization of the human basophil response to cytokines, growth factors, and histamine releasing factors of the intercrine/chemokine family. J Immunol 150:1932, 1993
110. Schulz-Knappe P, Magert HJ, Dewald B, Meyer M, Cetin Y, Kubbies M, Tomeczkowski J, Kirchhoff K, Raida M, Adermann K, Kist A, Reinecke M, Sillard R, Pardigol A, Uguccioni M, Baggiolini M, Forssmann WG: HCC-1, a novel chemokine from human plasma. J Exp Med 183:295, 1996
111. Hill B, Rozler E, Travis M, Chen S, Zannetino A, Simmons P, Galy A, Chen B, Hoffman R: High-level expression of a novel epitope of CD59 identifies a subset of CD34+ bone marrow cells highly enriched for pluripotent stem cells. Exp Hematol 24:936, 1996
112. Imai T, Yoshida T, Baba M, Nishimura M, Kakizaki M, Yoshie O: Molecular cloning of a novel T cell-directed CC chemokine expressed in thymus by signal sequence trap using EpsteinBarr virus vector. J Biol Chem 271:21514, 1996
113. Orlofsky A, Berger MS, Prystowsky MB: Novel expression pattern of a new member of the MIP-1 family of cytokine-like genes. Cell Regul 2:403, 1991
114. Poltorak AN, Bazzoni F, Smirnova II, Alejos E, Thompson P, Luheshi G, Rothwell N, Beutler B: MIP-I γ: Molecular cloning, expression, and biological activities of a novel CC chemokine that is constitutively secreted in vivo. J Inflammat 45:207, 1995
115. Mohamadzadeh M, Poltorak AN, Bergstressor PR, Beutler B, Takashima A: Dendritic cells produce macrophage inflammatory protein-I γ, a new member of the CC chemokine family. J Immunol 156:3102, 1996
116. Hara T, Bacon KB, Cho LC, Yoshimura A, Morikawa Y, Copeland NG, Gilbert DJ, Jenkins NA, Schall TJ, Miyajima A: Molecular cloning and functional characterization of a novel member of the C-C chemokine family. J Immunol 155:5352, 1995
117. Youn BS, Jang IK, Broxmeyer HE, Cooper S, Jenkins NA, Gilbert DJ, Copeland NG, Elick TA, Fraser MJJ, Kwon BS: A novel chemokine, macrophage inflammatory protein-related protein-2, inhibits colony formation of bone marrow myeloid progenitors. J Immunol 155:2661, 1995
118. Rossi DL, Vicari AP, Franz-Bacon K, McClanahan TK, Zlotnik A: Identification through bioinformatics of two new macrophage proinflammatory human chemokines MIP-3α and MIP-3 β. J Immunol 158:1033, 1997
119. 117a. Hieshima K, Imai T, Opdenakker G, Van Damme J, Kusuda J, Tei H, Sakaki Y, Takatsuki K, Miura R, Yoshie O, Nomiyama H: Molecular cloning of a novel human CC chemokine liver and activation-regulated chemokine (LARC) expressed in liver. Chemotactic activity for lymphocytes and gene localization on chromosome 2. J Biol Chem 272:5846, 1997
120. Clore GM, Appella E, Yamada M, Matsushima K, Gronenborn AM: Three-dimensional structure of interleukin 8 in solution. Biochemistry 29:1689, 1990
121. Lodi PJ, Garrett DS, Kuszewski J, Tsang ML, Weatherbee JA, Leonard WJ, Gronenborn AM, Clore GM: High-resolution solution structure of the β chemokine hMIP-1β by multidimensional NMR. Science 263:1762, 1994
122. Handel TM, Domaille PJ: Heteronuclear (1H, 13C, 15N) NMR assignments and solution structure of the monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) dimer. Biochemistry 35:6569, 1996
123. Chung CW, Cooke RM, Proudfoot AE, Wells TN: The three-dimensional solution structure of RANTES. Biochemistry 34:9307, 1995
124. St Charles R, Walz D, Edwards BFP: The three-dimensional structure of bovine platelet factor 4 at 3.0-A resolution. J Biol Chem 264:2092, 1989
125. Burrows SD, Doyle ML, Murphy KP, Franklin SG, White JR, Brooks I, McNulty DE, Scott MO, Knutson JR, Porter D, Young PR, Hensley P: Determination of monomer-dimer equilibrium of interleukin-8 reveals it is a monomer at physiological concentrations. Biochemistry 33:12741, 1994
126. Paolini JF, Willard D, Consler T, Luther M, Krangel MS: The chemokines IL-8, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and I-309 are monomers at physiologically relevant concentrations. J Immunol 153:2704, 1994
127. Rajarathnam K, Sykes BD, Kay CM, Dewald B, Geiser T, Baggiolini M, Clark-Lewis I: Neutrophil activation by monomeric interleukin-8. Science 264:90, 1994
128. Zhang Y, Rollins BJ: A dominant negative inhibitor indicates that monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 functions as a dimer. Mol Cell Biol 15:4851, 1995
129. 2-terminal residues. J Exp Med 181:631, 1995
130. Moser B, Dewald B, Barella L, Schumacher C, Baggiolini M, Clark-Lewis I: Interleukin-8 antagonists generated by N-terminal modification. J Biol Chem 268:7125, 1993
131. Witt DP. Lander AD: Differential binding of chemokines to glycosaminoglycan subpopulations. Current Biol 4:394, 1994
132. Sun HW, Bernhagen J, Bucala R, Lolis E: Crystal structure at 2.6-A resolution of human macrophage migration inhibitory factor. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 93:5191, 1996
133. David JR: Delayed hypersensitivity in vitro: Its mediation by cell-free substances formed by lymphoid cell-antigen interaction. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 56:72, 1966
134. Bloom BR, Bennett B: Mechanism of a reaction in vitro associated with delayed-type hypersensitivity. Science 153:80, 1966
135. Clark-Lewis I, Dewald B, Geiser T, Moser B, Baggiolini M: Platelet factor 4 binds to interleukin 8 receptors and activates neutrophils when its N terminus is modified with Glu-Leu-Arg. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 90:3574, 1993
136. Lowman HB, Slagle PH, DeForge LE, Wirth CM, Gillece-Castro BL, Bourcll JH, Fairbrother WJ: Exchanging interleukin-8 and melanoma growth-stimulating activity receptor binding specificities. J Biol Chem 271:14344, 1996
137. Hammond ME, Shyamala V, Siani MA, Gallegos CA, Feucht PH, Abbott J, Lapointe GR, Moghadam M, Khoja H, Zakel J, Tekamp-Olson P: Receptor recognition and specificity of interleukin-8 is determined by residues that cluster near a surface-accessible hydrophobic pocket. J Biol Chem 271:8228, 1996
138. Williams G, Borkakoti N, Bottomley GA, Cowan I, Fallow-field AG, Jones PS, Kirtland SJ, Price GJ, Price L: Mutagenesis studies of interleukin-8. Identification of a second epitope involved in receptor binding. J Biol Chem 271:9579, 1996
139. Zhang YJ, Rutledge BJ, Rollins BJ: Structure/activity analysis of human monocyte chemoaftractant protein-1 (MCP-I) by mutagenesis: Identification of a mutated protein that inhibits MCP-1-mediated monocyte chemotaxis. J Biol Chem 269:15918, 1994
140. Webb LMC, Ehrengruber MU, Clark-Lewis I, Baggiolini M, Rot A: Binding to heparan sulfate or heparin enhances neutrophil responses to interleukin 8. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 90:7158, 1993
141. Moser B, Schumacher C, von Tscharner V, Clark-Lewis I, Baggiolini M: Neutrophil-activating peptide 2 and gro/melanoma growth-stimulatory activity interact with neutrophil-activating peptide 1/interleukin 8 receptors on human ncutrophils. J Biol Chem 266:10666, 1991
142. Gerard C, Gerard NP: C5A anaphylatoxin and its seven transmembrane-segment receptor. Annu Rev Immunol 12:775, 1994
143. Murphy PM: The molecular biology of leukocyte chemoattractant receptors. Annu Rev Immunol 12:593, 1994
144. Yen H, Penfold S, Zhang Y, Rollins BJ: MCP-1-mediated chemotaxis requires activation of non-overlapping signal transduction pathways. J Leukoc Biol 61:529, 1997
145. Dubois PM, Palmer D, Webb ML, Ledbetter JA, Shapiro RA: Early signal transduction by the receptor to the chemokine monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in a murine T cell hybrid. J Immunol 156:1356, 1996
146. Turner L, Ward SG, Westwick J: RANTES-activated human T lymphocytes. A role for phosphoinositide 3-kinase. J Immunol 155:2437, 1995
147. Murphy PM, Tiffany HL: Cloning of complementary DNA encoding a functional human interleukin-8 receptor. Science 253:1280, 1991
148. Holmes WE, Lee J, Kuang WJ, Rice GC, Wood WI: Structure and functional expression of a human interleukin-8 receptor. Science 253:1278, 1991
149. Geiser T, Dewald B, Ehrengruber MU, Clark-Lewis I, Baggiolini M: The interleukin-8-related chemotactic cytokines GRO α, GRO β, and GRO γ activate human neutrophil and basophil leukocytes. J Biol Chem 268:15419, 1993
150. Lee J, Horuk R, Rice GC, Bennett GL, Camerato T, Wood WI: Characterization of two high affinity human interleukin-8 receptors. J Biol Chem 267:16283, 1992
151. LaRosa GJ, Thomas KM, Kaufmann ME, Mark R, White M. Taylor L, Gray G, Wilt D, Navarro J: Amino terminus of the interleukin-8 receptor is a major determinant of receptor subtype specificity. J Biol Chem 267:25402, 1992
152. Cerretti DP, Kozlosky CJ, Vanden Bos T, Nelson N, Gearing DP, Beckmann MP: Molecular characterization of receptors for human interleukin-8, GRO/melanoma growth-stimulatory activity and neutrophil activating peptide-2. Mol Immunol 30:359, 1993
153. Ahuja SK, Murphy PM: The CXC chemokines growth-regulated oncogene (GRO) alpha. GROβ. GROγ, neutrophil-activating peptide-2. and epithelial cell-derived neutrophil-activating peptide-78 are potent agonists for the type B, but not the type A, human interleukin-8 receptor. J Biol Chem 271:20545, 1996
154. Gayle RB3, Sleath PR, Srinivason S, Birks CW, Weerawarna KS, Cerretti DP, Kozlosky CJ, Nelson N, Vanden Bos T, Beckmann MP: Importance of the amino terminus of the interleukin-8 receptor in ligand interactions. J Biol Chem 268:7283, 1993
155. Luster AD, Greenberg SM, Leder P: The IP-10 chemokine binds to a specific cell surface heparan sulfate site shared with platelet factor 4 and inhibits endothelial cell proliferation. J Exp Med 182:219, 1995
156. Loetscher M, Geiser T, O'Reilly T, Zwahlen R, Baggiolini M, Moser B: Cloning of a human seven-transmembrane domain receptor, LESTR, that is highly expressed in leukocytes. J Biol Chem 269:232, 1994
157. Feng Y, Broder CC, Kennedy PE, Berger EA: HIV-1 entry cofactor: Functional cDNA cloning of a seven-transmembrane, G protein-coupled receptor. Science 272:872, 1996
158. Neote K, DiGregorio D, Mak JY, Horuk R, Schall TJ: Molecular cloning,
159. Gao JL, Kuhns DB, Tiffany HL, McDermott D, Li X, Francke U, Murphy PM: Structure and functional expression of the human macrophage inflammatory protein 1 α/RANTES receptor. J Exp Med 177:1421, 1993
160. Combadiere C, Ahuja SK, Van Damme J, Tiffany HL, Gao JL, Murphy PM: Monocyte chemoattractant protein-3 is a functional ligand for CC chemokine receptors 1 and 2B. J Biol Chem 270:29671, 1995
161. Charo IF, Myers SJ, Herman A, Franci C, Connoliy AJ, Coughlin SR: Molecular cloning and functional expression of two monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 receptors reveals alternative splicing of the carboxyl-terminal tails. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 91:2752, 1994
162. Franci C, Wong LM, Van DJ, Proost P, Charo IF: Monocyte chemoattractant protein-3, but not monocyte chemoattractant protein-2, is a functional ligand of the human monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 receptor. J Immunol 154:6511, 1995
163. Post TW, Bozic CR, Rothenberg ME, Luster AD, Gerard N, Gerard C: Molecular characterization of two murine eosinophil β chemokine receptors. J Immunol 155:5299, 1995
164. Daugherty BL, Siciliano SJ, DeMartino JA, Malkowitz L, Sirotina A, Springer MS: Cloning, expression, and characterization of the human eosinophil eotaxin receptor. J Exp Med 183:2349, 1996
165. Power CA, Meyer A, Neineth K, Bacon KB, Hoogewerf AJ, Proudtbot AEI, Wells TNC: Molecular cloning and functional expression of a novel CC chemokine receptor cDNA from a human basophilic cell line. J Biol Chem 270:19495, 1995
166. 163a. Imai T, Baba M, Nishimura M, Kakizaki M, Takagi S, Yoshie O: The T cell-directed CC chemokine TARC is a highly specific biological ligand for CC chemokine receptor 4. J Biol Chem 272:15036, 1997
167. Samson M, Labbe O, Mollereau C, Vassart G, Parmentier M: Molecular cloning and functional expression of a new human CC-chemokine receptor gene. Biochemistry 35:3362, 1996
168. Raport CJ, Gosling J, Schweickart VL, Gray PW, Charo IF: Molecular cloning and functional characterization of a novel human CC chemokine receptor (CCR5) for RANTES, MIP-1β, and MIP-1α. J Biol Chem 271:17161, 1996
169. Combadiere C, Ahuja SK, Tiffany HL, Murphy PM: Cloning and functional expression of CC CKR5, a human monocyte CC chemokine receptor selective for MIP-1α, M1P-1β, and RANTES. J Leukoc Biol 60:147, 1996
170. Neote K, Darbonne W, Ogez J, Horuk R, Schall TJ: Identification of a promiscuous inflammatory peptide receptor on the surface of red blood cells. J Biol Chem 268:12247, 1993
171. Horuk R, Chitnis CE, Darbonne WC, Colby TJ, Rybicki A, Hadley TJ, Miller LH: A receptor for the malarial parasite Plasmodium vjvax: the erythrocyte chemokine receptor. Science 261:1182, 1993
172. Szabo MC, Soo KS, Zlotnik A, Schall TJ: Chemokine class differences in binding to the Duffy antigen-erythrocyte chemokine receptor. J Biol Chem 270:25348, 1995
173. Hadley TJ, Lu ZH, Wasniowska K, Martin AW, Peiper SC, Hesselgesser J, Horuk R: Postcapillary venule endothelial cells in kidney express a multispecific chemokine receptor that is structurally and functionally identical to the erythroid isotorm. which is the Duffy blood group antigen. J Clin Invest 94:985, 1994
174. Peiper SC, Wang ZX, Neote K, Martin AW, Showell HJ, Conklyn MJ, Oghorne K, Hadley TJ, Lu ZH, Hesselgesser J. Horuk R: The Duffy antigen/receptor for chemokines (DARC) is expressed in endothelial cells of Duffy negative individuals who lack the erythrocyte receptor. J Exp Med 181:1311, 1995
175. Mallinson G, Soo KS, Schall TJ, Pisacka M, Anstee DJ: Mutations in the erythrocyte chemokine receptor (Duffy) gene: The molecular basis of the Fya/Fyb antigens and identification of a deletion in the Duffy gene of an apparently healthy individual with the Fy(a - b) phenotype. Br J Haematol 90:823, 1995
176. Hesselgesser J, Chitnis CE, Miller LH, Yansura DG, Simmons LC, Fairbrother WJ, Kotts C, Wirth C, Gillece-Castro B, Horuk R: A mutant of melanoma growth stimulating activity does not activate neutrophils but blocks erythrocyte invasion by malaria. J Biol Chem 270:11472, 1995
177. Ahuja SK. Murphy PM: Molecular piracy of mammalian interleukin-8 receptor type B by Herpesvirus saimiri. J Biol Chem 268:20691, 1993
178. Gao JL, Murphy PM: Human cytomegalovirus open reading frame US28 encodes a functional beta chemokine receptor. J Biol Chem 269:28539, 1994
179. Arvanitakis L, Geras-Raaka E, Varma A, Gershengorn MC, Cesarman E: Human herpesvirus KSHV encodes a constitutively active G-protein-coupled receptor linked to cell proliferation. Nature 385:347, 1997
180. Loetscher P, Seitz M, Baggiolini M, Moser B: Interleukin-2 regulates CC chemokine receptor expression and chemotactic responsiveness in T lymphocytes. J Exp Med 184:569, 1996
181. Foster SJ, Aked DM, Schroder JM, Christophers E: Acute inflammatory effects of a monocyte-derived neutrophil-activating peptide in rabbit skin. Immunology 67:181, 1989
182. Colditz I, Zwahlen R, Dewald B, Baggiolini M: In vivo inflammatory activity of neutrophil-activating factor, a novel chemotactic peptide derived from human monocytes. Am J Pathol 134:755, 1989
183. Zachariae COC, Anderson AO, Thompson HL, Appella E, Mantovani A, Oppenheim JJ, Matsushima K: Properties of monocyte chemotactic and activating factor (MCAF) purified from a human fibrosarcoma cell line. J Exp Med 171:2177, 1990
184. Rutledge BJ, Rayburn H, Rosenberg R, North RJ, Gladue RP, Corless CL, Rollins BJ: High level monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 expression in transgenic mice increases their susceptibility to intracellular pathogens. J Immunol 155:4838, 1995
185. Simonet WS, Hughes TM, Nguyen HQ, Trebasky LD, Danilenko DM, Medlock ES: Long-term impairment of neutrophil migration in mice overexpressing human interleukin-8. J Clin Invest 94:1310, 1994
186. Ley K. Baker JB, Cybulsky MI, Gimbrone MA, Luscinskas FW: Intravenous interleukin-8 inhibits granulocyte emigration from rabbit mesenteric vessels without altering L-selectin expression or leukocyte rolling. J Immunol 151:6347, 1993
187. Hechtman DH, Cybulsky MI, Fuchs HJ, Baker JB, Gimbrone MA: Intravascular IL-8: Inhibitor of polymorphonuclear leukocyte accumulation at sites of acute inflammation. J Immunol 147:883, 1991
188. Lira SA, Zalamea P, Heinrich JN, Funetes ME, Carrasco D, Lewin AC. Barton DS, Durham S, Bravo R: Expression of the chemokine N51/KC in the thymus and epidermis of transgenic mice results in a marked infiltration of a single class of inflammatory cells. J Exp Med 180:2039, 1994
189. Tani M, Fuemes ME, Peterson JW, Trapp BD, Durham SK, Loy JK, Bravo R, Ransohoff RM, Lira SA: Neutrophil infiltration, glial reaction, and neurological disease in transgenic mice expressing the chemokine N51/KC in oligodendrocytes. J Clin Invest 98:529, 1996
190. Fuentes ME, Durham SK, Swerdel MR. Lewin AC, Barton DS, Megill JR, Bravo R, Lira SA: Controlled recruitment of monocytes/macrophages to specific organs through transgenic expression of MCP-1. J Immunol 155:5769, 1995
191. Gunn MD, Nelken NA, Liao X, Willimas LT: Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 is sufficient for the chemotaxis of monocytes and lymphocytes in transgenic mice but requires an additional stimulus for inflammatory activation. J Immunol 158:376, 1997
192. 188a. Grewal IS, Rutledge BJ, Fiorillo JA, Gu L, Gladue RP, Flavell RA, Rollins BJ: Transgenic monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) in pancreatic islets produces monocyie-rich insulitis without diabetes: Abrogation by a second transgene expressing systemic MCP-1. J Immunol 159:401, 1997
193. Nakamura K, Williams IR, Kupper TS: Keratinocyte-derived monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1): Analysis in a transgenic model demonstrates MCP-1 can recruit dendritic and Langerhans cells to skin. J Invest Dermatol 105:635, 1995
194. Butcher EC, Picker LJ: Lymphocyte homing and homeostasis. Science 272:60, 1996
195. McKay CR: Chemokine receptors and T cell chemotaxis. J Exp Med 184:799, 1996
196. Butcher EC: Leukocyte-endothelial cell recognition: Three (or more) steps to specificity and diversity. Cell 67:1033, 1991
197. Springer T: Traffic signals for lymphocyte recirculation and leukocyte emigration: The multistep paradigm. Cell 76:301, 1994
198. Forster R, Emrich E, Kremmer E, Lipp M: Expression of the G protein-coupled receptor BLR1 defines mature, recirculating B cells and a subset of T-helper memory cells. Blood 84:830, 1994
199. Forster R, Mattis A, Kremmer E, Wolf E, Brem G, Lipp M: A putative chemokine receptor, BLR1, directs B cell migration to defined lymphoid organs and specific anatomic compartments of the spleen. Cell 87:1037, 1996
200. Cyster JG, Goodnow CC: Pertussis toxin inhibits migration of B and T lymphocytes into splenic white pulp cords. J Exp Med 182:581, 1995
201. Nelken NA, Coughlin SR, Gordon D, Wilcox JN: Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in human atheromatous plaques. J Clin Invest 88:1121, 1991
202. Yla-Herttuala S, Lipton BA, Rosenfeld ME, Sarkioja T, Yoshimura T, Leonard EJ, Witztum JL, Steinberg D: Expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 in macrophage-rich areas of human and rabbit atherosclerotic lesions. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 88:5252, 1991
203. Koch AE, Kunkel SL, Harlow LA, Johnson B, Evanoff HL, Haines GK, Burdick MD, Pope RM, Strieter RM: Enhanced production of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in rheumatoid arthritis. J Clin Invest 90:772, 1992
204. Peichl P, Ceska M, Effenberger F, Haberhauer G, Broell H, Lindley IJD: Presence of NAP-1/IL-8 in synovial fluids indicates a possible pathogenetic role in rheumatoid arthritis. Scand J Immunol 34:333, 1991
205. Brown Z, Robson RL, Westwick J: Regulation and expression of chemokines: Potential role in glomerulonephritis. J Leukoc Biol 59:75, 1996
206. Sousa AR, Lane SJ, Nakhosteen JA, Yoshimura T, Lee TH, Poston RN: Increased expression of the monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in bronchial tissue from asthmatic subjects. Am J Resp Cell Mol Biol 10:142, 1994
207. Teran LM, Noso N, Carroll M, Davies DE, Holgate S, Schroder JM: Eosinophil recruitment following allergen challenge is associated with the release of the chemokine RANTES into asthmatic airways. J Immunol 157:1806, 1996
208. Grimm MC, Elsbury SK, Pavli P, Doe WF: Enhanced ex-pression and production of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in inflammatory bowel disease mucosa. J Leukoc Biol 59:804, 1996
209. Pattison J, Nelson PJ, Huie P, von Leuttichau I, Farshid G, Sibley RK, Krensky AM: RANTES chemokine expression in cellmediated transplant rejection of the kidney. Lancet 343:209, 1994
210. Kondo T, Novick AC, Toma H, Fairchild RL: Induction of chemokine gene expression during allogeneic skin graft rejection. Transplant 61:1750, 1996
211. Adams DH, Russell ME, Hancock WW, Sayegh MH, Wyner LR, Karnovsky MJ: Chronic rejection in experimental cardiac transplantation: studies in the Lewis-F344 model. Immunol Rev 134:5, 1993
212. Chensue SW, Warmington KS, Lukacs NW, Lincoln PM, Burdick MD, Stricter RM, Kunkel SL: Monocyte chemotactic protein expression during schistosome egg granuloma formation. Sequence of production, localization, contribution, and regulation. Am J Pathol 146:130, 1995
213. Larsen CG, Thomsen MK, Cesser B, Thomsen PD, Deleuran BW, Nowak J, Skodt V, Thomsen HK, Deleuran M, Thestrup-Ped-ersen K, Harada A, Matsushima K, Menné T: The delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction is dependent on IL-8. Inhibition of a tuberculin skin reaction by an anti-IL-8 monoclonal antibody. J Immunol 155:2151, 1995
214. Folkesson HG, Matthay MA, Hebert CA, Broaddus VC: Acid aspiration-induced lung injury in rabbits is mediated by interleukin-8-dependent mechanisms. J Clin Invest 96:107, 1995
215. Sekido N, Mukaida N, Harada A, Nakanishi I, Watanabe Y, Matsushima K: Prevention of lung reperfusion injury in rabbits by a monoclonal antibody against interleukin-8. Nature 365:654, 1993
216. Ransohoff RM, Hamilton TA, Tani M, Stoler MH, Shick HE, Major JA, Estes ML, Thomas DM, Tuohy VK: Astrocyte expression of mRNA encoding cytokines IP-10 and JE/MCP-1 in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. FASEB J 7:592, 1993
217. Ransohoff R, Lehman P, Tuohy V: Immunology of multiple sclerosis: New intricacies and new insights. Curr Opin Neurol 7:242, 1994
218. Godiska R, Chantry D, Dietsch GN, Gray PW: Chemokine expression in murine experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. J Neuroimmunol 58:167, 1995
219. Karpus WJ, Lukacs NW, McRae BL, Stricter RM, Kunkel SL, Miller SD: An important role for the chemokine macrophage inflammatory protein-I α in the pathogenesis of the T cell-mediated autoimmune disease, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J Immunol 155:5003, 1995
220. Gonzalo JA, Lloyd CM, Kremer L, Finger E, Martinez-A. C, Siegelman MH, Cybulsky M, Guttierez-Ramos JC: Eosinophil recruitment to the lung in a murine model of allergic inflammation. The role of T cells, chemokines, and adhesion receptors. J Clin Invest 98:2332, 1996
221. Cook DN, Beck MA, Coffman TM, Kirby SL, Sheridan JF, Pragnell IB, Smithies O: Requirement of MIP-1 alpha for an inflammatory response to viral infection. Science 269:1583, 1995
222. Maddon PJ, Dalgleish AG, McDougal JS, Clapham PR, Weiss RA, Axel R: The T4 gene encodes the AIDS virus receptor and is expressed in the immune system and the brain. Cell 47:333, 1986
223. Cocehi F, DeVico AL, Garzino DA, Arya SK, Gallo RC, Lusso P: Identification of RANTES, MlP-1 α. and MIP-1β as the major HlV-suppressive factors produced by CD8+ T cells. Science 270:1811, 1995
224. Choe H, Farzan M, Sun Y, Sullivan N, Rollins B, Ponath PD, Wu L, Mackay CR, LaRosa G, Newman W, Gerard N, Gerard C, Sodroski J: The beta-chemokine receptors CCR3 and CCR5 facilitate infection by primary HIV-1 isolates. Cell 85:1135, 1196
225. Doranz BJ, Rucker J, Yi Y, Smyth RJ, Samson M, Peiper SC, Parmentier M, Collman RG, Doms RW: A dual-tropic primary HIV-1 isolate that uses fusin and the beta-chemokine receptors CKR-5, CKR-3, and CKR-2b as fusion cofactors. Cell 85:1149, 1996
226. Deng H, Liu R, Ellmeier W, Choe S, Unutmaz D, Burkhart M, Di MP, Marmon S, Sutton RE, Hill CM, Davis CB, Peiper SC, Schall TJ, Littman DR, Landau NR: Identification of a major coreceptor for primary isolates of HIV-1. Nature 381:661, 1996
227. Dragic T, Litwin V, Allaway GP, Martin SR, Huang Y, Nagashima KA, Cayanan C, Maddon PJ, Koup RA, Moore JP, Paxton WA: HIV-1 entry into CD4+ cells is mediated by the chemokine receptor CC-CKR-5. Nature 381:667, 1996
228. Samson M, Libert F, Doranz BJ, Rucker J, Liesnard C, Farber CM, Saragosti S, Lapouméroulie C, Cognaux J, Forceille C, Muyldermans G, Verhofstede C, Burtonboy G, Georges M, Imai T, Rana S, Yi Y, Smyth RJ, Collman RG, Doms RW, Vassart G, Parmentier M: Resistance to HIV-1 infection in Caucasian individuals bearing mutant alleles of the CCR-5 chemokine receptor gene. Nature 382:722, 1996
229. Liu R, Paxton WA, Choe S, Ceradini D, Martin SR, Horuk R, MacDonald ME, Stuhlmann H, Koup RA, Landau NR: Homozygous defect in HIV-1 coreceptor accounts for resistance of some multiply-exposed individuals to HIV-1 infection. Cell 86:367, 1996
230. Dean M, Carrington M, Winkler C, Huttley GA, Smith MW, Allikmets R, Goedert JJ, Buchbinder SP, Vittinghoff E, Gomperts E, Donfield S, Vlahov D, Kaslow R, Saah A, Rinaldo C, Detels R, Study HGaD, Study MAC, Study MHC, Cohort SFC, Study A, O'Brien SJ: Genetic restriction of HIV-1 infection and progression to AIDS by a deletion allele of the CKR5 structural gene. Science 273:1856, 1996
231. Wu L, Gerard NP, Wyatt R, Choe H, Parolin C, Ruffing N, Borsetti A, Cardoso AA, Desjardin E. Newman W, Gerard C, Sodroski J: CD4-induced interaction of primary HIV-1 gp120 glycoproteins with the chemokine receptor CCR-5. Nature 384:179, 1996
232. Trkola A, Dragic T, Arthos J, Binley JM, Olson WC, Allaway GP, Cheng-Mayer C, Robinson J, Maddon PJ, Moore JP: CD4-dependent, antibody-sensitive interactions between HIV-1 and its co-receptor CCR-5. Nature 384:184, 1996
233. Lapham CK, Ouyang J, Chandrasekhar B, Nguyen NY, Dimitrov DS, Golding H: Evidence for cell-surface association between fusin and the CD4-gp120 complex in human cell lines. Science 274:602, 1996
234. Atchison RE, Gosling J, Monteclaro FS, Franci C, Digilio L, Charo IF, Goldsmith MA: Multiple extracellular elements of CCR5 and HIV-1 entry: Dissociation from response to chemokines. Science 274:1924, 1996
235. Farzan M, Choe H, Martin KA, Sun Y, Sidelkot M, MacKay CR, Gerard NP, Sodrowski J, Gerard C: Macrophage inflammatory protein-1β-mediated signaling and HIV-1 entry are independent functions of the chemokine refeptor CCR5. J Biol Chem 272:6874, 1997
236. Stricter RM, Polverini PJ, Kunkel SL, Arenberg DA, Burdick MD, Kasper J, Dzuiba J, Van DJ, Walz A, Marriott D, Chan SY, Roczniak S, Shanafelt AB: The functional role of the ELR motif in CXC chemokine-mediated angiogenesis. J Biol Chem 270:27348, 1995
237. Stricter RM, Polverini PJ, Arenberg DA, Walz A, Opdenak-ker G, Van DJ, Kunkel SL: Role of C-X-C chemokines as regulators of angiogenesis in lung cancer. J Leukoc Biol 57:752, 1995
238. Koch AE, Polverini PJ, Kunkel SL, Harlow LA, DiPietro LA, Einer VM, Einer SG, Stricter RM: lnterleukin-8 as a macrophage-derived mediator of angiogenesis. Science 258:1798, 1992
239. Angiolillo AL, Sgadari C, Taub DD, Liao F, Farber JM, Maheshwari S, Kleinman HK, Reaman GH, Tosato G: Human interferon-inducible protein 10 is a potent inhibitor of angiogenesis in vivo. J Exp Med 182:155, 1995
240. Cao Y, Chen C, Weatherbee JA, Tsang M, Folkman J: gro-β, a -C-X-C-chemokine. is an angiogenesis inhibitor that suppresses the growth of Lewis lung carcinoma in mice, J Exp Med 182:2069, 1995
241. Maione TE, Gray GS, Hunt AJ, Sharpe RJ: Inhibition of tumor growth in mice by an analogue of platelet factor 4 that lacks affinity for heparin and retains potent angiostatic activity. Cancer Res 51:2077, 1991
242. 165 using several concurrent mechanisms. J Biol Chem 270:15059, 1995
243. Kolber DL, Knisely TL, Maione TE: Inhibition of development of murine melanoma lung metastases by systemic administration of recombinant platelet factor 4. J Natl Cancer Inst 87:304, 1995
244. Sharpe RJ, Byers HR, Scott CF, Bauer SI, Maione TE: Growth inhibition of murine melanoma and human colon carcinoma by recombinant human platelet factor 4. J Natl Cancer Inst 82:848, 1990
245. Smith DR, Polverini PJ, Kunkel SL, Orringer MB, Whyte RI, Burdick MD, Wilke CA, Stricter RM: Inhibition of interleukin 8 attenuates angiogenesis in bronchogenic carcinoma. J Exp Med 179:1409, 1994
246. Keller JR, Bartelmez SH, Sitnicka E, Ruscetti FW, Ortiz M, Gooya JM, Jacobsen SE: District and overlapping direct effects of macrophage inflammatory protein-Iα and transforming growth factor β on hematopoietic progenitor/stem cell growth. Blood 84:2175, 1994
247. Broxmeyer HE, Sherry B, Cooper S, Lu L, Maze R, Beckmann MP, Cerami A, Ralph P: Comparative analysis of the human macrophage inflammatory protein family of cytokines (chemokines) on proliferation of human myeloid progenitor cells. Interacting effects involving suppression, synergistic suppression, and blocking of suppression. J Immunol 150:3448, 1993
248. Broxmeyer HE, Sherry B, Lu L, Cooper S, Oh KO, Tekamp-Olson P, Kwon BS, Cerami A: Enhancing and suppressing effects of recombinant murine macrophage inflammatory proteins on colony formation in vitro by bone marrow myeloid progenitor cells. Blood 76:1110, 1990
249. Broxmeyer HE, Sherry B, Lu L, Cooper S, Carow C, Wolpe SD, Cerami A: Myelopoietic enhancing effects of murine macrophage inflammatory proteins 1 and 2 on colony formation in vitro by murine and human bone marrow granulocyte/macrophage progenitor cells. J Exp Med 170:1583, 1989
250. Quesniaux VF, Graham GJ, Pragnell I, Donaldson D, Wolpe SD, Iscove NN, Fagg B: Use of 5-fluorouracil to analyze the effect of macrophage inflammatory protein-1 α on long-term reconstituting stem cells in vivo. Blood 81:1497, 1993
251. Sards AH, Broxmeyer HE, Wirthmueller U, Karasavvas N, Cooper S, Lu L, Krueger J, Ravetch JV: Human interferon-inducible protein 10: expression and purification of recombinant protein demonstrate inhibition of early human hematopoietic progenitors. J Exp Med 178:1127, 1993
252. Verfaillie CM, Catanzarro PM, Li WN: Macrophage inflammatory protein 1 α, interleukin 3 and diffusible marrow stromal factors maintain human hematopoietic stem cells for at least eight weeks in vitro. J Exp Med 179:643, 1994
253. Dunlop DJ, Wright EG, Lorimore S, Graham GJ, Holyoake T, Kerr DJ, Wolpe SD, Pragnell IB: Demonstration of stem cell inhibition and myeloprotective effects of SCI/rhMIP α in vivo. Blood 79:2221, 1992
254. Lord BI, Dexter TM, Clements JM, Hunter MA, Gearing AJ: Macrophage-inflammatory protein protects multipotent hematopoietic cells from the cytotoxic effects of hydroxyurea in vivo. Blood 79:2605, 1992
255. Maze R, Sherry B, Kwon BS, Cerami A, Broxmeyer HE: Myelosuppressive effects in vivo of purified recombinant murine macrophage inflammatory protein-1α. J Immunol 149:1004, 1992
256. Verfaillie CM, Miller JS: CD34+/CD33-cells reselected from macrophage inflammatory protein 1α + interleukin-3-supplemented "stroma-noncontact" cultures are highly enriched for long-term bone marrow culture initiating cells. Blood 84:1442, 1994
257. Mantel C, Kirn YJ, Cooper S, Kwon B, Broxmeyer HE: Polymerization of murine macrophage inflammatory protein 1α inactivates its myelosuppressive effects in vitro: The active form is a monomer. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 90:2232, 1993
258. Daly TJ, LaRosa GJ, Dolich S, Maione TE, Cooper S, Broxmeyer HE: High activity suppression of myeloid progenitor proliferation by chimeric mutants of interleukin 8 and platelet factor 4. J Biol Chem 270:23282, 1995
259. Cacalano G, Lee J, Kikly K, Ryan AM, Pitts-Meek S, Hultgren B, Wood WI, Moore MW: Neutrophil and B cell expansion in mice that lack the murine IL-8 receptor homolog. Science 265:682, 1994
260. Broxmeyer HE, Cooper S, Cacalano G, Hague NL, Bailish E, Moore MW: Involvement of interleukin (IL) 8 receptor in negative regulation of myeloid progenitor cells in vivo: evidence from mice lacking the murine IL-8 receptor homologue. J Exp Med 184:1825. 1996
261. Parkinson EK, Graham GJ, Daubersies P, Burns JE, Heufler C, Plumb M, Schuler G, Pragnell IB: Hemopoietic stem cell inhibitor (SCI/MIP-1α) also inhibits clonogenic epidermal keratinocyte proliferation. J Invest Dermatol 101:113, 1993
262. Wang J, Huang M, Lee P, Komanduri K, Sharma S, Chen G, Dubinett SM: lnterleukin-8 inhibits non-small cell lung cancer proliferation: a possible role for regulation of tumor growth by autocrine and paracrine pathways. J Interferon Cytokine Res 16:53, 1996
263. Rollins BJ, Sunday ME: Suppression of tumor formation in viva by expression of the JE gene in malignant cells. Mol Cell Biol 11:3125, 1991
264. Luster AD, Leder P: IP-10, a -C-X-C-chemokine, elicits a potent thymus-dependent antitumor response in vivo. J Exp Med 178:1057, 1993
265. Huang S, Singh RK, Xie K, Gutman M, Berry KK, Bucana CD, Fidler IJ, Bar-Eli M: Expression of the JE/MCP-1 gene suppresses metastatic potential in murine colon carcinoma cells. Cancer Immunol Immunother 39:231, 1994
266. Laning J, Kawasaki H, Tanaka E, Luo Y, Dorf ME: Inhibition of in vivo tumor growth by the beta chemokine, TCA3. J Immunol 153:4625, 1994
267. Dilloo D, Bacon K, Holden W, Zhong W, Burdach S, Zlotnik A, Brenner M: Combined chemokine and cytokine gene transfer enhances antitumor immunity. Nat Med 2:1090, 1996
268. Manome Y, Wen PY, Hershowitz A, Tanaka T, Rollins BJ, Kufe DW, Fine HA: Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) gene transduction: an effective tumor vaccine strategy for non-intracranial tumors. Cancer Immunol Immunother 41:227, 1995
269. Sgadari C, Angiolillo AL, Cherney BW, Pike SE, Farber JM, Koniaris LG, Vanguri P, Burd PR, Sheikh N, Gupta G, Teruya-Feldstein J, Toasato G: Interferon-inducible protein-10 identified as a mediator of tumor necrosis in vivo. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 93:13791, 1996
270. Rollins BJ: Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 : A potential regulator of monocyte recruitment in inflammatory disease. Mol Med Today 2:198, 1996
271. Baba M, Imai T, Nishimura M, Kakizaki M, Takagi S, Hieshima K, Nomiyama H, Yoshie O: Identification of CCR6, the specific receptor for a novel lymphocyte-directed CC chemokine LARC. J Biol Chem 23:14893, 1997
272. Yoshida R, Imau T, Hieshima K, Kusuda J, Baba M, Kitaura M, Nishimura M, Kakizaki M, Nomiyama H, Yoshie O: Molecular cloning of a novel human CC chemokine EBI1-ligand chemokine that is a specific functional ligand for EBI1, CCR7. J Biol Chem 272:13803, 1997