Transposition and site-specific recombination: Adapting DNA cut-and-paste mechanisms to a variety of genetic rearrangements

FEMS Microbiology Reviews

Volumn 21, Issue 2, 1997, Pages 157-178

  Hallet, Bernard ^a   Sherratt, David J ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Nucleoprotein complex; Recombination mechanism; Site specific recombination; Transposon

Indexed keywords

AMINO ACID SEQUENCE; BACTERIUM; DNA RECOMBINATION; DNA STRAND; EUKARYOTE; GENE REARRANGEMENT; GENOME; NONHUMAN; PROKARYOTE; REVIEW; SITE DIRECTED MUTAGENESIS; TRANSPOSON;

BACTERIA (MICROORGANISMS); EUKARYOTA; PROKARYOTA;

EID: 0030721538     PISSN: 01686445     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0168-6445(97)00055-7     Document Type: Article

References (142)

1. Eggleston, A.K. and West, S.C. (1996) Exchanging partners: recombination in E. coli. Trends Genet. 12, 20-26.
2. Sadowski, P.D. (1993) Site-specific genetic recombination: hops, flips, and flops. FASEB J. 7, 760-767.
3. Stark, W.M., Boocock, M.R. and Sherratt, D.J. (1992) Catalysis by site-specific recombinases. Trends Genet. 8, 432-439.
4. Landy, A. (1993) Mechanistic and structural complexity in the site-specific recombination pathways of Int and FLP. Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev. 3, 699-707.
5. Nash, H.A. (1996) Site-specific recombination: integration, excision, resolution, and inversion of defined DNA segments. In: Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium: Cellular and Molecular Biology (Neidhart, F.C. et al., Eds.), 2nd edn., Vol. 2, pp. 2363-2376. American Society for Microbiology, Washington, DC.
6. Mizuuchi, K. (1992) Transpositional recombination: mechanistic insights from studies of Mu and other elements. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 61, 1011-1051.
7. Polard, P. and Chandler, M. (1995) Bacterial transposases and retroviral integrases. Mol. Microbiol. 15, 13-23.
8. Plasterk, R.H.A. (1995) Mechanisms of DNA transposition. In: Mobile Genetic Elements (Sherratt, D.J., Ed.), pp. 18-37. IRL, Oxford.
9. Craig, N.L. (1996) Transposition. In: Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium: Cellular and Molecular Biology (Neidhart, F.C. et al., Eds.), 2nd edn., Vol. 2, pp. 2339-2362. American Society for Microbiology, Washington, DC.
10. Craig, N.L. (1997) Target site selection in transposition. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 66, 437-474.
11. Craig, N.L. (1996) Transposon Tn7. Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol. 204, 27-48.
12. Bender, J., Kuo, J. and Kleckner, N. (1991) Genetic evidence against intramolecular rejoining of the donor DNA molecule following IS10 transposition. Genetics 128, 687-694.
13. Hagemann, A.T. and Craig, N.L. (1993) Tn7 transposition creates a hotspot for homologous recombination at the transposon donor site. Genetics 133, 9-16.
14. Ohtsubo, F. and Sekine, Y. (1996) Bacterial insertion sequences. Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol. 204, 1-26.
15. Lavoie, B.D. and Chaconas, G. (1996) Transposition of phage Mu DNA. Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol. 204, 83-102.
16. Fayet, O., Ramond, P., Polard, P., Prere, M.F. and Chandler, M. (1990) Functional similarities between retroviruses and the IS3 family of bacterial insertion sequences? Mol. Microbiol. 4, 1771-1777.
17. Khan, E., Mack, J.P., Katz, R.A., Kulkosky, J. and Skalka, A.M. (1991) Retroviral integrase domains: DNA binding and the recognition of LTR sequences. Nucleic Acids Res. 19, 851-860.
18. Kulkosky, J., Jones, K.S., Katz, R.A., Mack, J.P. and Skalka, A.M. (1992) Residues critical for retroviral integrative recombination in a region that is highly conserved among retroviral/ retrotransposon integrases and bacterial insertion sequence transposases. Mol. Cell. Biol. 12, 2331-2338.
19. Rezsohazy, R., Hallet, B., Delcour, J. and Mahillon, J. (1993) The IS4 family of insertion sequences: evidence for a conserved transposase motif. Mol. Microbiol. 9, 1283-1295.
20. Doak, T.G., Doerder, F.P., Jahn, C.L. and Herrick, G. (1994) A proposed superfamily of transposase genes: transposon-like elements in ciliated protozoa and a common 'D35E' motif. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91, 942-946.
21. Baker, T.A. and Luo, L. (1994) Identification of residues in the Mu transposase essential for catalysis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91, 6654-6658.
22. Sarnovsky, R.J., May, E.W. and Craig, N.L. (1996) The Tn7 transposase is a heteromeric complex in which DNA breakage and joining activities are distributed between different gene products. EMBO J. 15, 6348-6361.
23. Scott, J.R. and Churchward, G.G. (1995) Conjugative transposition. Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 49, 367-397.
24. Bannam, T.L., Crellin, P.K. and Rood, J.I. (1995) Molecular genetics of the chloramphenicol-resistance transposon Tn4451 from Clostridium perfringens: the TnpX site-specific recombinase excises a circular transposon molecule. Mol. Microbiol. 16, 535-551.
25. Lenich, A.G. and Glasgow, A.C. (1994) Amino acid sequence homology between Piv, an essential protein in site-specific DNA inversion in Moraxella lacunata, and transposases of an unusual family of insertion elements. J. Bacteriol. 176, 4160-4164.
26. Serre, M.C., Turlan, C., Bortolin, M. and Chandler, M. (1995) Mutagenesis of the IS1 transposase: importance of a His-Arg-Tyr triad for activity. J. Bacteriol. 177, 5070-5077.
27. Mendiola, M.V. and de la Cruz, F. (1992) IS91 transposase is related to the rolling-circle-type replication proteins of the pUB110 family of plasmids. Nucleic Acids Res. 20, 3521.
28. Mendiola, M.V., Bernales, I. and de la Cruz, F. (1994) Differential roles of the transposon termini in IS91 transposition. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91, 1922-1926.
29. Brookfield, J.F.Y. (1995) Transposable elements as selfish DNA. In: Mobile Genetic Elements (Sherratt, D.J., Ed.), IRL, Oxford.
30. Shapiro, J.A. (1993) Natural genetic engineering of the bacterial genome. Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev. 3, 845-848.
31. Jayaram, M. (1994) Phosphoryl transfer in F1p recombination: a template for strand transfer mechanisms. Trends Biochem. Sci. 19, 78-82.
32. van de Putte, P. and Goosen, N. (1992) DNA inversions in phages and bacteria. Trends Genet. 8, 457-462.
33. Komano, T., Kim, S.R., Yoshida, T. and Nisioka, T. (1994) DNA rearrangement of the shufflon determines recipient specificity in liquid mating of Inc11 plasmid R64. J. Mol. Biol. 243, 6-9.
34. Sato, T., Samori, Y. and Kobayashi, Y. (1990) The cisA cistron of Bacillus subtilis sporulation gene spoIVC encodes a protein homologous to a site-specific recombinase. J. Bacteriol. 172, 1092-1098.
35. Carrasco, C.D., Buettner, J.A. and Golden, J.W. (1995) Programmed DNA rearrangement of a cyanobacterial hupL gene in heterocysts. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 92, 791-795.
36. Grindley, N.D.F. (1994) Resolvase-mediated site-specific recombination. In: Nucleic Acids and Molecular Biology (Eckstein, F. and Lilley, D.M.J., Eds.), pp. 236-267. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
37. Austin, S., Ziese, M. and Sternberg, N. (1981) A novel role for site-specific recombination in maintenance of bacterial replicons. Cell 25, 729-736.
38. Lane, D., de-Feyter, R., Kennedy, M., Phua, S.H. and Semon, D. (1986) D protein of miniF plasmid acts as a repressor of transcription and as a site-specific resolvase. Nucleic Acids Res. 14, 9713-9728.
39. Alonso, J.C., Ayora, S., Canosa, I., Weise, F. and Rojo, F. (1996) Site-specific recombination in gram-positive theta-replicating plasmids. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 142, 1-10.
40. Sherratt, D.J., Arciszewska, L.K., Blakely, G., Colloms, S., Grant, K., Leslie, N. and McCulloch, R. (1995) Site-specific recombination and circular chromosome segregation. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B. Biol. Sci. 347, 37-42.
41. Lobner-Olesen, A. and Kuempel, P.L. (1992) Chromosome partitioning in Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol. 174, 7883-7889.
42. Landy, A. (1989) Dynamic, structural, and regulatory aspects of lambda site-specific recombination. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 58, 913-949.
43. Hall, R.M. and Collis, C.M. (1995) Mobile gene cassettes and integrons: capture and spread of genes by site-specific recombination. Mol. Microbiol. 15, 593-600.
44. Hatfull, G.F. and Grindley, N.D.F. (1988) Resolvases and DNA-invertases: a family of enzymes active in site-specific recombination. In: Genetic Recombination (Kucherlapati, R. and Smith, G., Eds.), pp. 357-396. American Society for Microbiology, Washington, DC.
45. Leschziner, A.E., Boocock, M.R. and Grindley, N.D. (1995) The tyrosine-6 hydroxyl of gamma delta resolvase is not required for the DNA cleavage and rejoining reactions. Mol. Microbiol. 15, 865-870.
46. Argos, P., Landy, A., Abremski, K., Egan, J.B., Haggard-Ljungquist, E., Hoess, R.H., Kahn, M.L., Kalionis, B., Narayana, S.V., Pierson, L.S., Sternberg, N. and Leong, J.M. (1986) The integrase family of site-specific recombinases: regional similarities and global diversity. EMBO J. 5, 433-440.
47. Abremski, K.E. and Hoess, R.H. (1992) Evidence for a second conserved arginine residue in the integrase family of recombination proteins. Protein Eng. 5, 87-91.
48. Blakely, G.W. and Sherratt, D.J. (1996) Os and Irons in site-specific recombination. Mol. Microbiol. 20, 233-238.
49. Mizuuchi, K. (1992) Polynucleotidyl transfer reactions in transpositional DNA recombination. J. Biol. Chem. 267, 21273-21276.
50. Kleckner, N., Chalmers, R.M., Kwon, D., Sakai, J. and Bolland, S. (1996) Tn10 and IS10 transposition and chromosome rearrangements: mechanism and regulation in vivo and in vitro. Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol. 204, 49-82.
51. Benjamin, H.W. and Kleckner, N. (1992) Excision of Tn10 from the donor site during transposition occurs by flush double-strand cleavages at the transposon termini. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89, 4648-4652.
52. Bainton, R., Gamas, P. and Craig, N.L. (1991) Tn7 transposition in vitro proceeds through an excised transposon intermediate generated by staggered breaks in DNA. Cell 65, 805-816.
53. Polard, P. and Chandler, M. (1995) An in vivo transposasecatalyzed single-stranded DNA circularization reaction. Genes Dev. 9, 2846-2858.
54. Polard, P., Ton-Hoang, B., Haren, L., Betermier, M., Walczak, R. and Chandler, M. (1996) 18911-mediated transpositional recombination in vitro. J. Mol. Biol. 264, 68-81.
55. Sekine, Y., Eisaki, N. and Ohtsubo, E. (1996) Identification and characterization of the linear IS3 molecules generated by staggered breaks. J. Biol. Chem. 271, 197-202.
56. Turlan, C. and Chandler, M. (1995) IS1-mediated intramolecular rearrangements: formation of excised transposon circles and replicative deletions. EMBO J. 14, 5410-5421.
57. Craig, N.L. (1995) Unity in transposition reactions. Science 270, 253-254.
58. Mizuuchi, K. and Adzuma, K. (1991) Inversion of the phosphate chirality at the target site of Mu DNA strand transfer: evidence for a one-step transesterification mechanism. Cell 66, 129-140.
59. Engelman, A., Mizuuchi, K. and Craigie, R. (1991) HIV-1 DNA integration: mechanism of viral DNA cleavage and DNA strand transfer. Cell 67, 1211-1221.
60. Rice, P. and Mizuuchi, K. (1995) Structure of the bacteriophage Mu transposase core: a common structural motif for DNA transposition and retroviral integration. Cell 82, 209-220.
61. Yang, W. and Steitz, T.A. (1995) Recombining the structures of HIV integrase, RuvC and RNase H. Structure 3, 131-134.
62. Grindley, N.D. and Leschziner, A.E. (1995) DNA transposition: from a black box to a color monitor. Cell 83, 1063-1066.
63. Rice, P., Craigie, R. and Davies, D.R. (1996) Retroviral integrases and their cousins. Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol. 6, 76-83.
64. Davies, J.d., Hostomska, Z., Hostomsky, Z., Jordan, S.R. and Matthews, D.A. (1991) Crystal structure of the ribonuclease H domain of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase. Science 252, 88-95.
65. Beese, L.S. and Steitz, T.A. (1991) Structural basis for the 3′-5′ exonuclease activity of Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I: a two metal ion mechanism. EMBO J. 10, 25-33.
66. Craigie, R. (1996) Quality control in Mu DNA transposition. Cell 85, 137-140.
67. Chaconas, G., Lavoie, B.D. and Watson, M.A. (1996) DNA transposition: jumping gene machine, some assembly required. Curr. Biol. 6, 817-820.
68. Yang, J.Y., Kim, K., Jayaram, M. and Harshey, R.M. (1995) A domain sharing model for active site assembly within the Mu A tetramer during transposition: the enhancer may specify domain contributions. EMBO J. 14, 2374-2384.
69. Wu, Z. and Chaconas, G. (1995) A novel DNA binding and nuclease activity in domain III of Mu transposase: evidence for a catalytic region involved in donor cleavage. EMBO J. 14, 3835-3843.
70. Aldaz, H., Schuster, E. and Baker, T.A. (1996) The interwoven architecture of the Mu transposase couples DNA synapsis to catalysis. Cell 85, 257-269.
71. Yang, J.Y., Jayaram, M. and Harshey, R.M. (1996) Positional information within the Mu transposase tetramer: catalytic contributions of individual monomers. Cell 85, 447-455.
72. Savilahti, H. and Mizuuchi, K. (1996) Mu transpositional recombination: donor DNA cleavage and strand transfer in trans by the Mu transposase. Cell 85, 271-280.
73. Haniford, D. and Kleckner, N. (1994) Tn10 transposition in vivo: temporal separation of cleavages at the two transposon ends and roles of terminal basepairs subsequent to interaction of ends. EMBO J. 13, 3401-3411.
74. Sakai, J., Chalmers, R.M. and Kleckner, N. (1995) Identification and characterization of a pre-cleavage synaptic complex that is an early intermediate in Tn10 transposition. EMBO J. 14, 4374-4383.
75. Bolland, S. and Kleckner, N. (1995) The two single-strand cleavages at each end of Tn10 occur in a specific order during transposition. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 92, 7814-7818.
76. Sakai, J. and Kleckner, N. (1997) The Tn10 synaptic complex can capture a target DNA only after transposon excision. Cell 89, 205-214.
77. Bolland, S. and Kleckner, N. (1996) The three chemical steps of Tn10/IS10 transposition involve repeated utilization of a single active site. Cell 84, 223-233.
78. May, E.W. and Craig, N.L. (1996) Switching from cut-and-paste to replicative Tn7 transposition. Science 272, 401-404.
79. Wang, J.C. (1996) DNA topoisomerases. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 65, 635-692.
80. Stark, W.M. and Boocock, M.R. (1995) Topological selectivity in site-specific recombination. In: Mobile Genetic Elements (Sherratt, D.J., Ed.), pp. 101-129. IRL, Oxford.
81. Johnson, R.C. (1995) Site-specific recombinases an their interaction with DNA. In: DNA-Protein: Structural Interactions (Lilley, D.M.J., Ed.), pp. 141-176. IRL, Oxford.
82. Gally, D.L., Leathart, J. and Blomfield, I.C. (1996) Interaction of FimB and FimE with the fim switch that controls the phase variation of type 1 fimbriae in Escherichia coli K-12. Mol. Microbiol. 21, 725-738.
83. Blakely, G., May, G., McCulloch, R., Arciszewska, L.K., Burke, M., Lovett, S.T. and Sherratt, D.J. (1993) Two related recombinases are required for site-specific recombination at dif and cer in E. coli K12. Cell 75, 351-361.
84. Colloms, S.D., McCulloch, R., Grant, K., Neilson, L. and Sherratt, D.J. (1996) Xer-mediated site-specific recombination in vitro. EMBO J. 15, 1172-1181.
85. Johnson, R.C. (1991) Mechanism of site-specific DNA inversion in bacteria. Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev. 1, 404-411.
86. Reed, R.R. and Moser, C.D. (1984) Resolvase-mediated recombination intermediates contain a serine residue covalently linked to the DNA. Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol. 49, 245-249.
87. Klippel, A., Mertens, G., Patschinsky, T. and Kahmann, R. (1988) The DNA invertase Gin of phage Mu: formation of a covalent complex with DNA via a phosphoserine at amino acid position 9. EMBO J. 7, 1229-1237.
88. Boocock, M.R., Zhu, X. and Grindley, N.D. (1995) Catalytic residues of gamma delta resolvase act in cis. EMBO J. 14, 5129-5140.
89. McIlwraith, M.J., Boocock, M.R. and Stark, W.M. (1997) Tn3 resolvase catalyses multiple recombination events without intermediate rejoining of DNA ends. J. Mol. Biol. 266, 108-121.
90. Kanaar, R., van de Putte, P. and Cozzarelli, N.R. (1988) Ginmediated DNA inversion: product structure and the mechanism of strand exchange. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85, 752-756.
91. Stark, W.M., Sherratt, D.J. and Boocock, M.R. (1989) Site-specific recombination by Tn3 resolvase: topological changes in the forward and reverse reactions. Cell 58, 779-790.
92. Klippel, A., Kanaar, R., Kahmann, R. and Cozzarelli, N.R. (1993) Analysis of strand exchange and DNA binding of enhancer-independent Gin recombinase mutants. EMBO J. 12, 1047-1057.
93. Moskowitz, I.P., Heichman, K.A. and Johnson, R.C. (1991) Alignment of recombination sites in Hin-mediated site-specific DNA recombination. Genes Dev. 5, 1635-1645.
94. Stark, W.M., Parker, C.N., Halford, S.E. and Boocock, M.R. (1994) Stereoselectivity of DNA catenane fusion by resolvase. Nature 368, 76-78.
95. Yang, W. and Steitz, T.A. (1995) Crystal structure of the site-specific recombinase gamma delta resolvase complexed with a 34 bp cleavage site. Cell 82, 193-207.
96. Feng, J.A., Johnson, R.C. and Dickerson, R.E. (1994) Hin recombinase bound to DNA: the origin of specificity in major and minor groove interactions. Science 263, 348-355.
97. Hughes, R.E., Rice, P.A., Steitz, T.A. and Grindley, N.D. (1993) Protein-protein interactions directing resolvase site-specific recombination: a structure-function analysis. EMBO J. 12, 1447-1458.
98. Rice, P.A. and Steitz, T.A. (1994) Refinement of gamma delta resolvase reveals a strikingly flexible molecule. Structure 2, 371-384.
99. Rice, P.A. and Steitz, T.A. (1994) Model for a DNA-mediated synaptic complex suggested by crystal packing of gamma delta resolvase subunits. EMBO J. 13, 1514-1524.
100. Haffter, P. and Bickle, T.A. (1988) Enhancer-independent mutants of the Cin recombinase have a relaxed topological specificity. EMBO J. 7, 3991-3996.
101. Klippel, A., Cloppenborg, K. and Kahmann, R. (1988) Isolation and characterization of unusual Gin mutants. EMBO J. 7, 3983-3989.
102. Crisona, N.J., Kanaar, R., Gonzalez, T.N., Zechiedrich, E.L., Klippel, A. and Cozzarelli, N.R. (1994) Processive recombination by wild-type Gin and an enhancer-independent mutant. Insight into the mechanisms of recombination selectivity and strand exchange. J. Mol. Biol. 243, 437-457.
103. Haykinson, M.J., Johnson, L.M., Soong, J. and Johnson, R.C. (1996) The Hin dimer interface is critical for Fis-mediated activation of the catalytic steps of site-specific DNA inversion. Curr. Biol. 6, 163-177.
104. McIlwraith, M.J., Boocock, M.R. and Stark, W.M. (1996) Site-specific recombination by Tn3 resolvase, photocross-linked to its supercoiled DNA substrate. J. Mol. Biol. 260, 299-303.
105. Stark, W.M. and Boocock, M.R. (1994) The linkage change of a knotting reaction catalysed by Tn3 resolvase. J. Mol. Biol. 239, 25-36.
106. Sadowski, P.D. (1995) The F1p recombinase of the 2-microns plasmid of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Prog. Nucleic Acid Res. Mol. Biol. 51, 53-91.
107. Burgin, A., Jr. and Nash, H.A. (1995) Suicide substrates reveal properties of the homology-dependent steps during integrative recombination of bacteriophage lambda. Curr. Biol. 5, 1312-1321.
108. Nunes-Duby, S.E., Azaro, M.A. and Landy, A. (1995) Swapping DNA strands and sensing homology without branch migration in lambda site-specific recombination. Curr. Biol. 5, 139-148.
109. Dixon, J.E. and Sadowski, P.D. (1994) Resolution of immobile chi structures by the FLP recombinase of 2 microns plasmid. J. Mol. Biol. 243, 199-207.
110. Arciszewska, L., Grainge, I. and Sherratt, D. (1995) Effects of Holliday junction position on Xer-mediated recombination in vitro. EMBO J. 14, 2651-2660.
111. Azaro, M.A. and Landy, A. (1997) The isomeric preference of holliday junctions influence resolution bias by lambda integrase and also shows a predictable dependence on the branch point sequence. EMBO J. 16, 3744-3755.
112. Arciszewska, L., Grainge, I. and Sherratt, D. (1997) Action of site-specific recombinases XerC and XerD on tethered holliday junctions. EMBO J. 16, 3731-3743.
113. McCulloch, R., Coggins, L.W., Colloms, S.D. and Sherratt, D.J. (1994) Xer-mediated site-specific recombination at cer generates Holliday junctions in vivo. EMBO J. 13, 1844-1855.
114. Chen, J.W., Lee, J. and Jayaram, M. (1992) DNA cleavage in trans by the active site tyrosine during F1p recombination: switching protein partners before exchanging strands. Cell 69, 647-658.
115. Lee, J., Whang, I., Lee, J. and Jayaram, M. (1994) Directed protein replacement in recombination full sites reveals transhorizontal DNA cleavage by F1p recombinase. EMBO J. 13, 5346-5354.
116. Voziyanov, Y., Lee, J., Whang, I., Lee, J. and Jayaram, M. (1996) Analyses of the first chemical step in F1p site-specific recombination: Synapsis may not be a pre-requisite for strand cleavage. J. Mol. Biol. 256, 720-735.
117. Qian, X.H. and Cox, M.M. (1995) Asymmetry in active complexes of FLP recombinase. Genes Dev. 9, 2053-2064.
118. Blakely, G.W., Davidson, A.O. and Sherratt, D.J. (1997) Binding and cleavage of nicked substrates by site-specific recombinases XerC and XerD. J. Mol. Biol. 265, 30-39.
119. Han, Y.W., Gumport, R.I. and Gardner, J.F. (1993) Complementation of bacteriophage lambda integrase mutants: evidence for an intersubunit active site. EMBO J. 12, 4577-4584.
120. Nunes-Duby, S.E., Tirumalai, R.S., Dorgai, L., Yagil, E., Weisberg, R.A. and Landy, A. (1994) Lambda integrase cleaves DNA in cis. EMBO J. 13, 4421-4430.
121. Stark, W.M. and Boocock, M.R. (1995) Gatecrashers at the catalytic party. Trends Genet. 11, 121-123.
122. Jayaram, M. and Lee, J. (1995) Return to sobriety after the catalytic party. Trends Genet. 11, 432-433.
123. Jayaram, M. (1997) The Cis-trans paradox of integrase. Science 276, 49-50.
124. Kwon, H.J., Tirumalai, R., Landy, L. and Ellenberger, T. (1997) Flexibility in DNA recombination: structure of the lambda integrase catalytic core. Science 276, 126-131.
125. Hickman, A.B., Waninger, S., Scocca, J.J. and Dyda, F. (1997) Molecular organization in site-specific recombination: the catalytic domain of bacteriophage HP1 integrase at 2.7 Å resolution. Cell 89, 205-214.
126. Subramanya, H.S., Arciszewska, L.K., Baker, R.A., Bird, L.E., Sherratt, D.J. and Wigley, D.B. Crystal structure of the site-specific recombinase, XerD. Submitted.
127. Nash, H.A. (1990) Bending and supercoiling of DNA at the attachment site of bacteriophage lambda. Trends Biochem. Sci. 15, 222-227.
128. Richet, E., Abcarian, P. and Nash, H.A. (1988) Synapsis of attachment sites during lambda integrative recombination involves capture of a naked DNA by a protein-DNA complex. Cell 52, 9-17.
129. Kim, S. and Landy, A. (1992) Lambda Int protein bridges between higher order complexes at two distant chromosomal loci attL and attR. Science 256, 198-203.
130. Franz, B. and Landy, A. (1995) The Holliday junction intermediates of lambda integrative and excisive recombination respond differently to the bending proteins integration host factor and excisionase. EMBO J. 14, 397-406.
131. Lim, H.M. (1994) Analysis of subunit interaction by introducing disulfide bonds at the dimerization domain of Hin recombinase. J. Biol. Chem. 269, 31134-31142.
132. Benjamin, K.R., Abola, A.P., Kanaar, R. and Cozzarelli, N.R. (1996) Contributions of supercoiling to Tn3 resolvase and phage Mu Gin site-specific recombination. J. Mol. Biol. 256, 50-65.
133. Colloms, S.D., Bath, J. and Sherratt, D.J. (1997) Topological selectivity in Xer site-specific recombination. Cell 88, 855-864.
134. Watson, M.A. and Chaconas, G. (1996) Three-site synapsis during Mu DNA transposition: a critical intermediate preceding engagement of the active site. Cell 85, 435-445.
135. Craigie, R. and Mizuuchi, K. (1986) Role of DNA topology in Mu transposition: mechanism of sensing the relative orientation of two DNA segments. Cell 45, 793-800.
136. Wang, Z. and Harshey, R.M. (1994) Crucial role for DNA supercoiling in Mu transposition: a kinetic study. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91, 699-703.
137. Mizuuchi, M., Baker, T.A. and Mizuuchi, K. (1995) Assembly of phage Mu transpososomes: cooperative transitions assisted by protein and DNA scaffolds. Cell 83, 375-385.
138. Yang, J.Y., Jayaram, M. and Harshey, R.M. (1995) Enhancer-independent variants of phage Mu transposase: enhancer-specific stimulation of catalytic activity by a partner transposase. Genes Dev. 9, 2545-2555.
139. Bainton, R.J., Kubo, K.M., Feng, J.N. and Craig, N.L. (1993) Tn7 transposition: target DNA recognition is mediated by multiple Tn7-encoded proteins in a purified in vitro system. Cell 72, 931-943.
140. Chalmers, R.M. and Kleckner, N. (1996) IS10/Tn10 transposition efficiently accommodates diverse transposon end configurations. EMBO J. 15, 5112-5122.
141. Signon, L. and Kleckner, N. (1995) Negative and positive regulation of Tn10/IS10-promoted recombination by IHF: two distinguishable processes inhibit transposition off of multicopy plasmid replicons and activate chromosomal events that favor evolution of new transposons. Genes Dev. 9, 1123-1136.
142. van Gent, D.C., Mizuuchi, K. and Gellert, M. (1996) Similarities between initiation of V(D)J recombination and retroviral integration. Science 271, 1592-1594.