메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 14, Issue 10, 1997, Pages 677-698

Is high extracellular glutamate the key to excitotoxicity in traumatic brain injury?

Author keywords

Brain trauma; Excitotoxicity; Glutamate; N methyl D aspartate receptors; Spreading depression; Voltage gated Na+ channels

Indexed keywords

ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATASE (POTASSIUM SODIUM); ASPARTIC ACID; EXCITATORY AMINO ACID; EXCITOTOXIN; GLUTAMATE RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; GLUTAMIC ACID; MAGNESIUM ION; N METHYL DEXTRO ASPARTIC ACID RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; SODIUM ION;

EID: 0030670737     PISSN: 08977151     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1089/neu.1997.14.677     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (175)

References (201)
  • 2
    • 0027441691 scopus 로고
    • The use of salicylate hydroxylation to detect hydroxyl radical generation in ischemic and traumatic brain injury -Reversal by tirilazad mesylate (U-74006F)
    • ALTHAUS, J.S., ANDRUS, P.K., WILLIAMS, C.M., VON VOIGTLANDER, P.F., CAZERS, A.R., and HALL, E.D. (1993). The use of salicylate hydroxylation to detect hydroxyl radical generation in ischemic and traumatic brain injury -Reversal by tirilazad mesylate (U-74006F). Mol. Chem. Neuropathol. 20, 147-162.
    • (1993) Mol. Chem. Neuropathol. , vol.20 , pp. 147-162
    • Althaus, J.S.1    Andrus, P.K.2    Williams, C.M.3    Von Voigtlander, P.F.4    Cazers, A.R.5    Hall, E.D.6
  • 3
    • 0023930519 scopus 로고
    • Ultrastructural features of a brain injury model in cat. 1. Vascular and neuroglial changes and the prevention of astroglial swelling by a fluorenyl(aryloxi)alkanoic acid derivative (L-644,711)
    • Berl.
    • BARRON, K.D., DENTINGER, M.P., KIMELBERG, H.K., et al. (1988). Ultrastructural features of a brain injury model in cat. 1. Vascular and neuroglial changes and the prevention of astroglial swelling by a fluorenyl(aryloxi)alkanoic acid derivative (L-644,711). Acta Neuropathol. (Berl.) 75, 295-307.
    • (1988) Acta Neuropathol. , vol.75 , pp. 295-307
    • Barron, K.D.1    Dentinger, M.P.2    Kimelberg, H.K.3
  • 4
    • 0027477946 scopus 로고
    • Do defects in mitochondrial energy metabolism underlie the pathology of neurodegenerative diseases?
    • BEAL, M.F., HYMAN, B.T., and KOROSHETZ, W. (1993). Do defects in mitochondrial energy metabolism underlie the pathology of neurodegenerative diseases? Trends Neurosci. 16, 125-131.
    • (1993) Trends Neurosci. , vol.16 , pp. 125-131
    • Beal, M.F.1    Hyman, B.T.2    Koroshetz, W.3
  • 5
    • 0026600426 scopus 로고
    • In vitro evidence supporting two mechanisms of action for the anion transport inhibitor L-644,711 in cerebral ischemia
    • BEDNAR, M.M., KOHUT, J.J., KIMELBERG, H.K., GROSS, J.J., and GROSS, C.E. (1992). In vitro evidence supporting two mechanisms of action for the anion transport inhibitor L-644,711 in cerebral ischemia. Neurol. Res. 14, 53-56.
    • (1992) Neurol. Res. , vol.14 , pp. 53-56
    • Bednar, M.M.1    Kohut, J.J.2    Kimelberg, H.K.3    Gross, J.J.4    Gross, C.E.5
  • 6
    • 0025044931 scopus 로고
    • Microdialysis - Theory and application
    • BENVENISTE, H., and HÜTTEMEIER, P.C. (1990). Microdialysis - Theory and application. Prog. Neurobiol. 35, 195-215.
    • (1990) Prog. Neurobiol. , vol.35 , pp. 195-215
    • Benveniste, H.1    Hüttemeier, P.C.2
  • 7
    • 0030048785 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modulation of non-vesicular glutamate release by pH
    • BILLUPS, B., and ATTWELL, D. (1996). Modulation of non-vesicular glutamate release by pH. Nature (Lond.) 370, 171-174.
    • (1996) Nature (Lond.) , vol.370 , pp. 171-174
    • Billups, B.1    Attwell, D.2
  • 9
    • 0027219725 scopus 로고
    • Botulinum neurotoxin a selectively cleaves the synaptic protein SNAP-25
    • BLASI, J., CHAPMAN, E.R., LINK, E., et al. (1993). Botulinum neurotoxin A selectively cleaves the synaptic protein SNAP-25. Nature (Lond.) 365, 160-163.
    • (1993) Nature (Lond.) , vol.365 , pp. 160-163
    • Blasi, J.1    Chapman, E.R.2    Link, E.3
  • 10
    • 0027476024 scopus 로고
    • A synaptic model of memory: Long-term potentiation in the hippocampus
    • BLISS, T.V.P., and COLLINGRIDGE, G.L. (1993). A synaptic model of memory: Long-term potentiation in the hippocampus. Nature (Lond.) 361, 31-39.
    • (1993) Nature (Lond.) , vol.361 , pp. 31-39
    • Bliss, T.V.P.1    Collingridge, G.L.2
  • 11
    • 0029592665 scopus 로고
    • Glutamate. GABA and epilepsy
    • BRADFORD, H.F. (1995). Glutamate. GABA and epilepsy. Prog. Neurobiol. 47, 477-511.
    • (1995) Prog. Neurobiol. , vol.47 , pp. 477-511
    • Bradford, H.F.1
  • 12
    • 0029100471 scopus 로고
    • Post-traumatic brain hypothermia provides protection from sensorimotor and cognitive-behavioral deficits
    • BRAMLETT, H.M., GREEN, E.J., DIETRICH, W.D., BUSTO, R., GLOBUS, M.Y.T., and GINSBERG, M.D. (1995). Post-traumatic brain hypothermia provides protection from sensorimotor and cognitive-behavioral deficits. J. Neurotrauma 12, 289-298.
    • (1995) J. Neurotrauma , vol.12 , pp. 289-298
    • Bramlett, H.M.1    Green, E.J.2    Dietrich, W.D.3    Busto, R.4    Globus, M.Y.T.5    Ginsberg, M.D.6
  • 13
    • 0029876306 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2+ rises and glutamate exocytosis in depolarized rat cerebrocortical synaptosomes and cultured neurons
    • 2+ rises and glutamate exocytosis in depolarized rat cerebrocortical synaptosomes and cultured neurons. Br. J. Pharmacol. 118, 162-166.
    • (1996) Br. J. Pharmacol. , vol.118 , pp. 162-166
    • Budd, D.C.1    May, G.R.2    Nicholls, D.G.3    Mccormack, J.G.4
  • 14
    • 0025783089 scopus 로고
    • Correlation of the extracellular glutamate concentration with extent of blood flow reduction after subdural hematoma in the rat
    • BULLOCK, R., BUTCHER, S.P., CHEN, M.-H., KENDALL, L., and MCCULLOCH, J. (1991a). Correlation of the extracellular glutamate concentration with extent of blood flow reduction after subdural hematoma in the rat. J. Neurosurg. 74, 794-802.
    • (1991) J. Neurosurg. , vol.74 , pp. 794-802
    • Bullock, R.1    Butcher, S.P.2    Chen, M.-H.3    Kendall, L.4    Mcculloch, J.5
  • 15
    • 0000443815 scopus 로고
    • Transient hippocampal hypermetabolism associated with glutamate release after acute subdural haematoma in the rat: A potentially neurotoxic mechanism?
    • BULLOCK, R., INGLIS, F.M., KURODA, Y., BUTCHER, S., MCCULLOCH, J., and MAXWELL, W. (1991b). Transient hippocampal hypermetabolism associated with glutamate release after acute subdural haematoma in the rat: A potentially neurotoxic mechanism? J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 11(Suppl. 2), S109.
    • (1991) J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. , vol.11 , Issue.2 SUPPL.
    • Bullock, R.1    Inglis, F.M.2    Kuroda, Y.3    Butcher, S.4    Mcculloch, J.5    Maxwell, W.6
  • 16
    • 0029985067 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of antiseizure prophylaxis following head injury
    • BULLOCK, R., and POVLISHOCK, J.T. (1996). The role of antiseizure prophylaxis following head injury. J. Neurotrauma 13, 731-734.
    • (1996) J. Neurotrauma , vol.13 , pp. 731-734
    • Bullock, R.1    Povlishock, J.T.2
  • 17
    • 0000679618 scopus 로고
    • Head injuries - Surgical management: Traumatic intracranial hematomas
    • R. Braakman (ed.), Elsevier Science Publishers: Amsterdam
    • BULLOCK, R., and TEASDALE, G.M. (1990). Head injuries - Surgical management: Traumatic intracranial hematomas, in: Vinken and Bruyn's Handbook of Clinical Neurology: Head Injury, Vol. 24. R. Braakman (ed.), Elsevier Science Publishers: Amsterdam, pp. 249-298.
    • (1990) Vinken and Bruyn's Handbook of Clinical Neurology: Head Injury , vol.24 , pp. 249-298
    • Bullock, R.1    Teasdale, G.M.2
  • 18
    • 0029549588 scopus 로고
    • Evidence for prolonged release of excitatory amino acids in severe human head trauma. Relationship to clinical events
    • BULLOCK, R., ZAUNER, A., MYSEROS, J.S., MARMAROU, A., WOODWARD, J.J., and YOUNG, H.F. (1995). Evidence for prolonged release of excitatory amino acids in severe human head trauma. Relationship to clinical events. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 765, 290-297.
    • (1995) Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. , vol.765 , pp. 290-297
    • Bullock, R.1    Zauner, A.2    Myseros, J.S.3    Marmarou, A.4    Woodward, J.J.5    Young, H.F.6
  • 20
    • 0023574096 scopus 로고
    • + channels: Local anaesthetics, antiarrhythmics and anticonvulsants
    • + channels: local anaesthetics, antiarrhythmics and anticonvulsants. Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 8, 57-65.
    • (1987) Trends Pharmacol. Sci. , vol.8 , pp. 57-65
    • Catterall, W.A.1
  • 21
    • 0025654408 scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms underlying glutamate-induced swelling of astrocytes in primary culture
    • Wien
    • CHAN, P.H., and CHU, L. (1990). Mechanisms underlying glutamate-induced swelling of astrocytes in primary culture. Acta Neurochir. Suppl. (Wien) 51, 7-10.
    • (1990) Acta Neurochir. Suppl. , vol.51 , pp. 7-10
    • Chan, P.H.1    Chu, L.2
  • 22
    • 0018663923 scopus 로고
    • The relative affinity of transferrin and albumin for zinc
    • CHARLWOOD, P.A. (1979). The relative affinity of transferrin and albumin for zinc. Biochem. Biophys. Acta 581, 260-265.
    • (1979) Biochem. Biophys. Acta , vol.581 , pp. 260-265
    • Charlwood, P.A.1
  • 23
    • 0023753142 scopus 로고
    • Calcium-mediated neurotoxicity: Relationship to specific channel types and role in ischaemic damage
    • CHOI. D.W. (1988). Calcium-mediated neurotoxicity: Relationship to specific channel types and role in ischaemic damage. Trends Neurosci. 11, 465-469.
    • (1988) Trends Neurosci. , vol.11 , pp. 465-469
    • Choi, D.W.1
  • 24
  • 27
    • 0024313316 scopus 로고
    • Halothane, fentanyl/nitrous oxide, and spinal lidocaine protect against spinal cord injury in the rat
    • COLE, D.J., SHAPIRO, H.M., DRUMMOND, J.C., and ZIVIN, J.A. (1989). Halothane, fentanyl/nitrous oxide, and spinal lidocaine protect against spinal cord injury in the rat. Anesthesiology 70, 967-972.
    • (1989) Anesthesiology , vol.70 , pp. 967-972
    • Cole, D.J.1    Shapiro, H.M.2    Drummond, J.C.3    Zivin, J.A.4
  • 28
    • 0024508256 scopus 로고
    • Experimental fluid percussion brain injury: Vascular disruption and neuronal and glial alterations
    • CORTEZ, S.C., MCINTOSH, T.K., and NOBLE, L.J. (1989). Experimental fluid percussion brain injury: vascular disruption and neuronal and glial alterations. Brain Res. 482, 271-282.
    • (1989) Brain Res. , vol.482 , pp. 271-282
    • Cortez, S.C.1    Mcintosh, T.K.2    Noble, L.J.3
  • 29
    • 0027409977 scopus 로고
    • Flunarizine inhibits both calcium-dependent and calcium-independent release of glutamate from synaptosomes and cultured neurons
    • COUSIN, M.A., NICHOLLS, D.G., and POCOCK, J.M. (1993). Flunarizine inhibits both calcium-dependent and calcium-independent release of glutamate from synaptosomes and cultured neurons. Brain Res. 606, 227-236.
    • (1993) Brain Res. , vol.606 , pp. 227-236
    • Cousin, M.A.1    Nicholls, D.G.2    Pocock, J.M.3
  • 30
    • 0027325283 scopus 로고
    • Anoxia-induced LTP of isolated NMDA receptor-mediated synaptic responses
    • CRÉPEL, V., HAMMOND, C., KRNJEVIC, K., CHINESTRA, P., and BEN-ARI, Y. (1993). Anoxia-induced LTP of isolated NMDA receptor-mediated synaptic responses. J. Neurophysiol. 69, 1774-1778.
    • (1993) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.69 , pp. 1774-1778
    • Crépel, V.1    Hammond, C.2    Krnjevic, K.3    Chinestra, P.4    Ben-Ari, Y.5
  • 32
    • 0029998520 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • + ion channel blockade fails to ameliorate behavioral deficits after traumatic brain injury in the rat
    • + ion channel blockade fails to ameliorate behavioral deficits after traumatic brain injury in the rat. J. Neurotrauma 9, 497-504.
    • (1996) J. Neurotrauma , vol.9 , pp. 497-504
    • Di, X.1    Lyeth, B.G.2    Hamm, R.J.3    Bullock, M.R.4
  • 33
    • 0026728590 scopus 로고
    • The importance of brain temperature in cerebral injury
    • DIETRICH. W.D. (1992). The importance of brain temperature in cerebral injury. J. Neurotrauma 9, S475-S485.
    • (1992) J. Neurotrauma , vol.9
    • Dietrich, W.D.1
  • 34
    • 0027979691 scopus 로고
    • Post-traumatic brain hypothermia reduces histopathological damage following concussive brain injury in the rat
    • DIETRICH, W.D., ALONSO, O., BUSTO, R., GLOBUS, M.Y.-T., and GINSBERG, M.D. (1994). Post-traumatic brain hypothermia reduces histopathological damage following concussive brain injury in the rat. Acta Neuropathol. 87, 250-258.
    • (1994) Acta Neuropathol. , vol.87 , pp. 250-258
    • Dietrich, W.D.1    Alonso, O.2    Busto, R.3    Globus, M.Y.-T.4    Ginsberg, M.D.5
  • 35
    • 0023256508 scopus 로고
    • A fluid percussion model of experimental brain injury in the rat: Neurological, physiological, and histopathological characterization
    • DIXON, C.E., LYETH, B.G., POVLISHOCK, J.T., et al. (1987). A fluid percussion model of experimental brain injury in the rat: neurological, physiological, and histopathological characterization. J. Neurosurg. 67, 110-119.
    • (1987) J. Neurosurg. , vol.67 , pp. 110-119
    • Dixon, C.E.1    Lyeth, B.G.2    Povlishock, J.T.3
  • 36
    • 0029753270 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The pharmacology and mechanism of action of riluzole
    • DOBLE, A. (1996). The pharmacology and mechanism of action of riluzole. Neurology 47, S233-S241.
    • (1996) Neurology , vol.47
    • Doble, A.1
  • 37
    • 0003958676 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sodium channel blockers protect against traumatic neuronal injury in the adult rat spinal cord
    • DOUGLAS, S.M., PANIZZON, K.L., and WALLIS, R.A. (1996). Sodium channel blockers protect against traumatic neuronal injury in the adult rat spinal cord. Soc. Neurosci. Abstr. 22, 230.
    • (1996) Soc. Neurosci. Abstr. , vol.22 , pp. 230
    • Douglas, S.M.1    Panizzon, K.L.2    Wallis, R.A.3
  • 38
    • 0025228658 scopus 로고
    • Induction of c-fos mRNA and protein in neurons and glia after traumatic brain injury: Pharmacological characterization
    • DRAGUNOW, M., GOULDING, M., FAULL, R.L.M., RALPH, R., MEE, E., and FRITH, R. (1990). Induction of c-fos mRNA and protein in neurons and glia after traumatic brain injury: Pharmacological characterization. Exp. Neurol. 107, 236-248.
    • (1990) Exp. Neurol. , vol.107 , pp. 236-248
    • Dragunow, M.1    Goulding, M.2    Faull, R.L.M.3    Ralph, R.4    Mee, E.5    Frith, R.6
  • 39
    • 0025954937 scopus 로고
    • 2+ and the potentiation by serum albumin
    • 2+ and the potentiation by serum albumin. Brain Res. 560, 282-290.
    • (1991) Brain Res. , vol.560 , pp. 282-290
    • Eimerl, S.1    Schramm, M.2
  • 40
    • 0027337274 scopus 로고
    • 45Ca uptake and acute toxicity mediated by the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor: The effect of metal binding agents and transition metal ions
    • 45Ca uptake and acute toxicity mediated by the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor: the effect of metal binding agents and transition metal ions. J. Neurochem. 61, 518-525.
    • (1993) J. Neurochem. , vol.61 , pp. 518-525
    • Eimerl, S.1    Schramm, M.2
  • 43
    • 0024365739 scopus 로고
    • The role of excitatory amino acids and NMDA receptors in traumatic brain injury
    • FADEN, A.I., DEMEDIUK, P., PANTER, S.S., and VINK, R. (1989). The role of excitatory amino acids and NMDA receptors in traumatic brain injury. Science 344, 798-800.
    • (1989) Science , vol.344 , pp. 798-800
    • Faden, A.I.1    Demediuk, P.2    Panter, S.S.3    Vink, R.4
  • 44
    • 1842305455 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of the sodium channel blocker QX-314 on recovery after spinal cord injury in vivo
    • FEHLINGS, M.G., and AGRAWAL, S.K. (1996). Effect of the sodium channel blocker QX-314 on recovery after spinal cord injury in vivo. Soc. Neurosci. Abstr. 22, 230.
    • (1996) Soc. Neurosci. Abstr. , vol.22 , pp. 230
    • Fehlings, M.G.1    Agrawal, S.K.2
  • 47
    • 0028189686 scopus 로고
    • Focal microvascular occlusion after acute subdural haematoma in the rat: A mechanism for ischaemic damage and brain swelling
    • Wien
    • FUJISAWA, H., MAXWELL, W.L., GRAHAM, D.I., TEASDALE, G.M., and BULLOCK, R. (1994). Focal microvascular occlusion after acute subdural haematoma in the rat: a mechanism for ischaemic damage and brain swelling. Acta Neurochir. Suppl. (Wien) 60, 193-196.
    • (1994) Acta Neurochir. Suppl. , vol.60 , pp. 193-196
    • Fujisawa, H.1    Maxwell, W.L.2    Graham, D.I.3    Teasdale, G.M.4    Bullock, R.5
  • 48
    • 0029144267 scopus 로고
    • The blood-brain barrier disruption to circulating proteins in the early period after fluid percussion brain injury in rats
    • FUKUDA, K., TANNO, H., OKUMURA, Y., NAKAMURA, M., and YAMAURA, A. (1995). The blood-brain barrier disruption to circulating proteins in the early period after fluid percussion brain injury in rats. J. Neurotrauma 12, 315-324.
    • (1995) J. Neurotrauma , vol.12 , pp. 315-324
    • Fukuda, K.1    Tanno, H.2    Okumura, Y.3    Nakamura, M.4    Yamaura, A.5
  • 49
    • 0029130550 scopus 로고
    • Glutamate release and free radical production following brain injury: Effects of posttraumatic hypothermia
    • GLOBUS, M.Y.-T., ALONSON, O., DIETRICH, W.D., BUSTO, R., and GINSBERG, M.D. (1995). Glutamate release and free radical production following brain injury: effects of posttraumatic hypothermia. J. Neurochem. 65, 1704-1711.
    • (1995) J. Neurochem. , vol.65 , pp. 1704-1711
    • Globus, M.Y.-T.1    Alonson, O.2    Dietrich, W.D.3    Busto, R.4    Ginsberg, M.D.5
  • 50
    • 0029062625 scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of competitive vs noncompetitive blockade of the NMDA channel following traumatic brain injury
    • GOLDING, E.M., and VINK, R. (1995). Efficacy of competitive vs noncompetitive blockade of the NMDA channel following traumatic brain injury. Mol. Chem. Neuropathol. 24, 137-150.
    • (1995) Mol. Chem. Neuropathol. , vol.24 , pp. 137-150
    • Golding, E.M.1    Vink, R.2
  • 51
    • 0030046097 scopus 로고
    • 31P-MRS application to the measurement of free intracellular magnesium in vivo
    • 31P-MRS application to the measurement of free intracellular magnesium in vivo. Magn. Res. Med. 35, 174-185.
    • (1995) Magn. Res. Med. , vol.35 , pp. 174-185
    • Golding, E.M.1    Dobson, G.P.2    Golding, R.M.3
  • 52
    • 0028102788 scopus 로고
    • Anoxic LTP is mediated by the redox modulatory site of the NMDA receptor
    • GOZLAN, H., DIABIRA, D., CHINESTRA, P., and BEN-ARI, Y. (1994). Anoxic LTP is mediated by the redox modulatory site of the NMDA receptor. J. Neurophysiol. 72, 3017-3022.
    • (1994) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.72 , pp. 3017-3022
    • Gozlan, H.1    Diabira, D.2    Chinestra, P.3    Ben-Ari, Y.4
  • 53
    • 0023874524 scopus 로고
    • Brain damage in fatal non-missile head injury withoug high intracranial pressure
    • GRAHAM, D.I., LAWRENCE, A.E., ADAMS, J.H., DOYLE, D., and MCLELLAN, D.R. (1988). Brain damage in fatal non-missile head injury withoug high intracranial pressure. J. Clin. Pathol. 41, 34-37.
    • (1988) J. Clin. Pathol. , vol.41 , pp. 34-37
    • Graham, D.I.1    Lawrence, A.E.2    Adams, J.H.3    Doyle, D.4    Mclellan, D.R.5
  • 54
    • 1842392194 scopus 로고
    • Effect of lamotrigine on microdialysate amino acid concentrations in the striatum after focal cerebral ischaemia in the rat
    • GRAHAM, J.L., SMITH, S.E., CHAPMAN, A.G., and MELDRUM, B.S. (1994a). Effect of lamotrigine on microdialysate amino acid concentrations in the striatum after focal cerebral ischaemia in the rat. Br. J. Pharmacol. 112(Suppl.), 278P.
    • (1994) Br. J. Pharmacol. , vol.112 , Issue.SUPPL.
    • Graham, J.L.1    Smith, S.E.2    Chapman, A.G.3    Meldrum, B.S.4
  • 55
    • 0028362182 scopus 로고
    • Neuroprotective effects of a use-dependent blocker of voltage dependent sodium channels, BW619C89, in rat middle cerebral artery occlusion
    • GRAHAM, S.H., CHEN, J., LAN, J., LEACH, M.J., and SIMON, R.P. (1994b). Neuroprotective effects of a use-dependent blocker of voltage dependent sodium channels, BW619C89, in rat middle cerebral artery occlusion. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 269, 854-859.
    • (1994) J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. , vol.269 , pp. 854-859
    • Graham, S.H.1    Chen, J.2    Lan, J.3    Leach, M.J.4    Simon, R.P.5
  • 56
    • 0027531309 scopus 로고
    • Limiting ischemic injury by inhibition of excitatory amino acid release
    • GRAHAM, S.H., CHEN, J., SHARP, F.R., and SIMON, R.P. (1993). Limiting ischemic injury by inhibition of excitatory amino acid release. J. Cereb. Blood Flow. Metab. 13, 88-97.
    • (1993) J. Cereb. Blood Flow. Metab. , vol.13 , pp. 88-97
    • Graham, S.H.1    Chen, J.2    Sharp, F.R.3    Simon, R.P.4
  • 57
    • 0027400110 scopus 로고
    • Brain hydroxyl radical generation in acute experimental head injury
    • HALL, E.D., ANDRUS, P.K., and YONKERS, P.A. (1993). Brain hydroxyl radical generation in acute experimental head injury. J. Neurochem. 60, 588-594.
    • (1993) J. Neurochem. , vol.60 , pp. 588-594
    • Hall, E.D.1    Andrus, P.K.2    Yonkers, P.A.3
  • 58
    • 0028790812 scopus 로고
    • The effect of postinjury kindled seizures on cognitive performance of traumatically brain injured rats
    • HAMM, R.J., PIKE, B.R., TEMPLE, M.D., ODELL, D.M., and LYETH, B.G. (1995). The effect of postinjury kindled seizures on cognitive performance of traumatically brain injured rats. Exp. Neurol. 136, 143-148.
    • (1995) Exp. Neurol. , vol.136 , pp. 143-148
    • Hamm, R.J.1    Pike, B.R.2    Temple, M.D.3    Odell, D.M.4    Lyeth, B.G.5
  • 59
    • 0029777252 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of postinjury administration of polyethylene glycol conjugated superoxide dismutase (Pegorgotein, Dismutec(R)) or lidocaine on behavioral function following fluid percussion brain injury in rats
    • HAMM, R.J., TEMPLE, M.D., PIKE, B.R., and ELLIS, E.F. (1996). The effect of postinjury administration of polyethylene glycol conjugated superoxide dismutase (Pegorgotein, Dismutec(R)) or lidocaine on behavioral function following fluid percussion brain injury in rats. J. Neurotrauma 13, 325-332.
    • (1996) J. Neurotrauma , vol.13 , pp. 325-332
    • Hamm, R.J.1    Temple, M.D.2    Pike, B.R.3    Ellis, E.F.4
  • 61
    • 0024146867 scopus 로고
    • Pretreatment with phencyclidine, an N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonist, attenuates long-term behavioral deficits in the rat produced by traumatic brain injury
    • HAYES, R.L., JENKINS, L.W., LYETH, B.G., et al. (1988). Pretreatment with phencyclidine, an N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonist, attenuates long-term behavioral deficits in the rat produced by traumatic brain injury. J. Neurotrauma 5, 259-274.
    • (1988) J. Neurotrauma , vol.5 , pp. 259-274
    • Hayes, R.L.1    Jenkins, L.W.2    Lyeth, B.G.3
  • 62
    • 0029616677 scopus 로고
    • Impact acceleration-induced severe diffuse axonal injury in rats - Characterization of phosphate-metabolism and neurologic outcome
    • HEATH D.L., and VINK, R. (1995). Impact acceleration-induced severe diffuse axonal injury in rats - Characterization of phosphate-metabolism and neurologic outcome. J. Neurotrauma 12, 1027-1034.
    • (1995) J. Neurotrauma , vol.12 , pp. 1027-1034
    • Heath, D.L.1    Vink, R.2
  • 63
    • 0025073124 scopus 로고
    • Application of potassium chloride to the brain surface induces the c-fos proto-oncogene: Reversal by MK-801
    • HERRERA, D.G., and ROBERTSON, H.A. (1990). Application of potassium chloride to the brain surface induces the c-fos proto-oncogene: reversal by MK-801. Brain Res. 510, 166-170.
    • (1990) Brain Res. , vol.510 , pp. 166-170
    • Herrera, D.G.1    Robertson, H.A.2
  • 64
    • 0028105981 scopus 로고
    • Kynurenate is neuroprotective following experimental brain injury
    • HICKS, R.R., SMITH, D.H., GENNARELLI, T.A., and MCINTOSH, T.K. (1994). Kynurenate is neuroprotective following experimental brain injury. Brain Res. 655, 91-96.
    • (1994) Brain Res. , vol.655 , pp. 91-96
    • Hicks, R.R.1    Smith, D.H.2    Gennarelli, T.A.3    Mcintosh, T.K.4
  • 66
    • 0026091467 scopus 로고
    • Reduction of infarct volume by magnesium after middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats
    • IZUMI, Y., ROUSSEL, S., PINARD, E., and SEYLAZ, J. (1991). Reduction of infarct volume by magnesium after middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 11, 1025-1030.
    • (1991) J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. , vol.11 , pp. 1025-1030
    • Izumi, Y.1    Roussel, S.2    Pinard, E.3    Seylaz, J.4
  • 67
    • 0020448447 scopus 로고
    • Binding order of substrates to the sodium and potassium ion coupled L-glutamic acid transporter from rat brain
    • KANNER, B.I., and BENDAHAN, A. (1982). Binding order of substrates to the sodium and potassium ion coupled L-glutamic acid transporter from rat brain. Biochemistry 21, 6327-6330.
    • (1982) Biochemistry , vol.21 , pp. 6327-6330
    • Kanner, B.I.1    Bendahan, A.2
  • 68
    • 0029080310 scopus 로고
    • Clinical evaluation of extracellular amino acids in severe head trauma by intracerebral in vivo microdialysis
    • KANTHAN, R., and SHUAIB, A. (1995). Clinical evaluation of extracellular amino acids in severe head trauma by intracerebral in vivo microdialysis. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 59, 326-327.
    • (1995) J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry , vol.59 , pp. 326-327
    • Kanthan, R.1    Shuaib, A.2
  • 69
    • 0029085440 scopus 로고
    • A new method of in vivo microdialysis of the human brain
    • KANTHAN, R., SHUAIB, A., GOPLEN, G., and MIHASHITA, H. (1995). A new method of in vivo microdialysis of the human brain. J. Neurosci. Meth. 60, 151-155.
    • (1995) J. Neurosci. Meth. , vol.60 , pp. 151-155
    • Kanthan, R.1    Shuaib, A.2    Goplen, G.3    Mihashita, H.4
  • 70
    • 0025242563 scopus 로고
    • Massive increases in extracellular potassium and the indiscriminate release of glutamate following concussive brain injury
    • KATAYAMA, Y., BECKER, D.P., TAMURA, T., and HOVDA, D.A. (1990). Massive increases in extracellular potassium and the indiscriminate release of glutamate following concussive brain injury. J. Neurosurg. 73, 889-900.
    • (1990) J. Neurosurg. , vol.73 , pp. 889-900
    • Katayama, Y.1    Becker, D.P.2    Tamura, T.3    Hovda, D.A.4
  • 71
    • 0028923240 scopus 로고
    • Lactate accumulation following concussive brain injury: The role of ionic fluxes induced by excitatory amino acids
    • KAWAMATA, T., KATAYAMA, Y., HOVDA, D.A., YOSHINO, A., and BECKER, D.P. (1995a). Lactate accumulation following concussive brain injury: The role of ionic fluxes induced by excitatory amino acids. Brain Res. 674, 196-204.
    • (1995) Brain Res. , vol.674 , pp. 196-204
    • Kawamata, T.1    Katayama, Y.2    Hovda, D.A.3    Yoshino, A.4    Becker, D.P.5
  • 72
    • 0011485476 scopus 로고
    • Mild hypothermia attenuates traumatic brain injury-induced increase in extracellular concentration of glutamate in peripheral area but not in central area of contusion
    • KAWAMATA, T., KATAYAMA, Y., MAEDA, T., and TSUBOKAWA, T. (1995b). Mild hypothermia attenuates traumatic brain injury-induced increase in extracellular concentration of glutamate in peripheral area but not in central area of contusion. J. Neurotrauma 12, 125.
    • (1995) J. Neurotrauma , vol.12 , pp. 125
    • Kawamata, T.1    Katayama, Y.2    Maeda, T.3    Tsubokawa, T.4
  • 73
    • 0029047065 scopus 로고
    • Direct detection of ascorbyl radical in experimental brain injury - Microdialysis and an electron spin resonance spectroscopy study
    • KIHARA, T., SAKADA, S., and IKEDA, M. (1995). Direct detection of ascorbyl radical in experimental brain injury - Microdialysis and an electron spin resonance spectroscopy study. J. Neurochem. 65, 282-286.
    • (1995) J. Neurochem. , vol.65 , pp. 282-286
    • Kihara, T.1    Sakada, S.2    Ikeda, M.3
  • 74
    • 0023236778 scopus 로고
    • Improved recovery from a traumatic-hypoxic brain injury in cats by intracistemal injection of an anion transport inhibitor
    • KIMELBERG, H.K., CRAGOE, E.J.JR., NELSON, L.R., et al. (1987). Improved recovery from a traumatic-hypoxic brain injury in cats by intracistemal injection of an anion transport inhibitor. CNS Trauma 4, 3-14.
    • (1987) CNS Trauma , vol.4 , pp. 3-14
    • Kimelberg, H.K.1    Cragoe Jr., E.J.2    Nelson, L.R.3
  • 75
    • 0025425558 scopus 로고
    • Swelling-induced release of glutamate, aspartate, and taurine from astrocyte cultures
    • KIMELBERG, H.K., GODERIE, S.K., HIGMAN, S., PANG, S., and WANIEWSKI, R.A. (1990). Swelling-induced release of glutamate, aspartate, and taurine from astrocyte cultures. J. Neurosci. 10, 1583-1591.
    • (1990) J. Neurosci. , vol.10 , pp. 1583-1591
    • Kimelberg, H.K.1    Goderie, S.K.2    Higman, S.3    Pang, S.4    Waniewski, R.A.5
  • 76
    • 0000311078 scopus 로고
    • Physiological and pathological aspects of astrocytic swelling
    • S. Fedoroff, and A. Vernadakis (eds.). Academic Press: New York
    • KIMELBERG, H.K., and RANSOM, B.R. (1986). Physiological and pathological aspects of astrocytic swelling, in Astrocytes, Vol. 3. S. Fedoroff, and A. Vernadakis (eds.). Academic Press: New York, pp. 129-166.
    • (1986) Astrocytes , vol.3 , pp. 129-166
    • Kimelberg, H.K.1    Ransom, B.R.2
  • 79
    • 0031046699 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of mild hypothermia on cerebral blood flow-independent changes in cortical extracellular levels of amino acids following contusion trauma in the rat
    • KOIZUMI, H., FUJISAWA, H., ITO, H., MAEKAWA, T., DI, X., and BULLOCK, R. (1997). Effects of mild hypothermia on cerebral blood flow-independent changes in cortical extracellular levels of amino acids following contusion trauma in the rat. Brain Res. 747, 304-312.
    • (1997) Brain Res. , vol.747 , pp. 304-312
    • Koizumi, H.1    Fujisawa, H.2    Ito, H.3    Maekawa, T.4    Di, X.5    Bullock, R.6
  • 81
    • 0025796659 scopus 로고
    • A morphology study on glutamate-induced swelling of cultured astrocytes: Involvement of calcium and chloride ion mechanisms
    • KOYAMA, Y., SUGIMOTO, T., SHIGENAGA, Y., BABA, A., and IWATA, H. (1991). A morphology study on glutamate-induced swelling of cultured astrocytes: involvement of calcium and chloride ion mechanisms. Neurosci. Lett. 124, 235-238.
    • (1991) Neurosci. Lett. , vol.124 , pp. 235-238
    • Koyama, Y.1    Sugimoto, T.2    Shigenaga, Y.3    Baba, A.4    Iwata, H.5
  • 82
    • 0029941372 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use-dependent exaggeration of neuronal injury after unilateral sensorimotor cortex lesions
    • KOZLOWSKI, D.A., JAMES, D.C., and SCHALLERT, T. (1996). Use-dependent exaggeration of neuronal injury after unilateral sensorimotor cortex lesions. J. Neurosci. 16, 4776-4786.
    • (1996) J. Neurosci. , vol.16 , pp. 4776-4786
    • Kozlowski, D.A.1    James, D.C.2    Schallert, T.3
  • 83
    • 0024426993 scopus 로고
    • Changes of local cerebral glucose utilization, DC potential, and extracellular potassium concentration in experimental head injury of varying severity
    • KUBOTA, M., NAKAMURA, T., SUNAMI, K., OZAWA, Y., NAMBA, H., YAMAURA, A., and MAKINO, H. (1989). Changes of local cerebral glucose utilization, DC potential, and extracellular potassium concentration in experimental head injury of varying severity. Neurosurg. Rev. 12(Suppl.1), 393-399.
    • (1989) Neurosurg. Rev. , vol.12 , Issue.1 SUPPL. , pp. 393-399
    • Kubota, M.1    Nakamura, T.2    Sunami, K.3    Ozawa, Y.4    Namba, H.5    Yamaura, A.6    Makino, H.7
  • 84
    • 0026458605 scopus 로고
    • Failure of cerebral blood flow-metabolism coupling after acute subdural-hematoma in the rat
    • KURODA, Y., and BULLOCK, R. (1992). Failure of cerebral blood flow-metabolism coupling after acute subdural-hematoma in the rat. Neurosurgery 31, 1062-1071.
    • (1992) Neurosurgery , vol.31 , pp. 1062-1071
    • Kuroda, Y.1    Bullock, R.2
  • 86
    • 0028325495 scopus 로고
    • Pathophysiology of the migraine aura: The spreading depression theory
    • LAURITZEN, M. (1994). Pathophysiology of the migraine aura: The spreading depression theory. Brain 117, 199-210.
    • (1994) Brain , vol.117 , pp. 199-210
    • Lauritzen, M.1
  • 87
    • 0026551820 scopus 로고
    • The effect of glutamate receptor blockade on anoxic depolarization and cortical spreading depression
    • LAURITZEN, M., and HANSEN, A.J. (1992). The effect of glutamate receptor blockade on anoxic depolarization and cortical spreading depression. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 12, 223-229.
    • (1992) J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. , vol.12 , pp. 223-229
    • Lauritzen, M.1    Hansen, A.J.2
  • 88
    • 0026304850 scopus 로고
    • Neurochemical and behavioral aspects of lamotrigine
    • LEACH, M.J., BAXTER, M.G., and CRITCHLEY, M.A.E. (1991). Neurochemical and behavioral aspects of lamotrigine. Epilepsia 32(Suppl. 2), S4-S8.
    • (1991) Epilepsia , vol.32 , Issue.2 SUPPL.
    • Leach, M.J.1    Baxter, M.G.2    Critchley, M.A.E.3
  • 89
    • 0022900644 scopus 로고
    • Pharmacological studies on lamotrigine, a novel potential antiepileptic drug: II. Neurochemical studies on the mechanism of action
    • LEACH, M.J., MARDEN, C.M., and MILLER, A.A. (1986). Pharmacological studies on lamotrigine, a novel potential antiepileptic drug: II. Neurochemical studies on the mechanism of action. Epilepsia 27, 490-497.
    • (1986) Epilepsia , vol.27 , pp. 490-497
    • Leach, M.J.1    Marden, C.M.2    Miller, A.A.3
  • 90
    • 0027287896 scopus 로고
    • BW619C89, a glutamate release inhibitor, protects against focal cerebral ischemic damage
    • LEACH, M.J., SWAN, J.H., EISENTHAL, D., DOPSON, M., and NOBBS, M. (1993). BW619C89, a glutamate release inhibitor, protects against focal cerebral ischemic damage. Stroke 24, 1063-1067.
    • (1993) Stroke , vol.24 , pp. 1063-1067
    • Leach, M.J.1    Swan, J.H.2    Eisenthal, D.3    Dopson, M.4    Nobbs, M.5
  • 91
    • 0027310109 scopus 로고
    • Studies on the mechanism of action of the novel anticonvulsant lamotrigine (Lamictal) using primary neuroglial cultures from rat cortex
    • LEES, G., and LEACH, M.J. (1993). Studies on the mechanism of action of the novel anticonvulsant lamotrigine (Lamictal) using primary neuroglial cultures from rat cortex. Brain Res. 612, 190-199.
    • (1993) Brain Res. , vol.612 , pp. 190-199
    • Lees, G.1    Leach, M.J.2
  • 92
    • 0025053207 scopus 로고
    • The inhibition of single N-methyl-D-aspartate-activated channels by zinc ions on cultured rat neurones
    • Lond.
    • LEGENDRE, P., and WESTBROOK, G.L. (1990). The inhibition of single N-methyl-D-aspartate-activated channels by zinc ions on cultured rat neurones. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 429, 429-149.
    • (1990) J. Physiol. , vol.429 , pp. 429-1149
    • Legendre, P.1    Westbrook, G.L.2
  • 93
    • 0027208558 scopus 로고
    • The pyrimidine-derivative, BW1003C87, protects CA1 and striatal neurons following transient severe forebrain ischaemia in rats. a microdialysis and histological study
    • LEKIEFFRE, D., and MELDRUM, B.S. (1993). The pyrimidine-derivative, BW1003C87, protects CA1 and striatal neurons following transient severe forebrain ischaemia in rats. A microdialysis and histological study. Neuroscience 56, 93-99.
    • (1993) Neuroscience , vol.56 , pp. 93-99
    • Lekieffre, D.1    Meldrum, B.S.2
  • 94
    • 0029685668 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is calcium accumulation post-injury an indicator of cell damage?
    • Wien
    • LINDE, R., LAURSEN, H., and HANSEN, A.J. (1996). Is calcium accumulation post-injury an indicator of cell damage? Acta Neurochir. Suppl. (Wien) 66, 15-20.
    • (1996) Acta Neurochir. Suppl. , vol.66 , pp. 15-20
    • Linde, R.1    Laursen, H.2    Hansen, A.J.3
  • 95
    • 0002809955 scopus 로고
    • Effects of ischemia on known substrates and cofactors of the glycolytic pathway in brain
    • LOWRY, O.H., PASSONNEAU, J.V., HASSELBERGER, F.X., and SCHULZ, D. (1964). Effects of ischemia on known substrates and cofactors of the glycolytic pathway in brain. J. Biol. Chem. 239, 18-30.
    • (1964) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.239 , pp. 18-30
    • Lowry, O.H.1    Passonneau, J.V.2    Hasselberger, F.X.3    Schulz, D.4
  • 96
    • 0027319790 scopus 로고
    • Behavioral protection by moderate hypothermia initiated after experimental traumatic brain injury
    • LYETH, B.G., JIANG, J.Y., and LIU, S. (1993). Behavioral protection by moderate hypothermia initiated after experimental traumatic brain injury. J. Neurotrauma 10, 57-64.
    • (1993) J. Neurotrauma , vol.10 , pp. 57-64
    • Lyeth, B.G.1    Jiang, J.Y.2    Liu, S.3
  • 97
    • 0029997225 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relationship between glutamate release and cerebral blood flow after focal cerebral ischaemia in the cat: Effect of pretreatment with enadoline (a kappa receptor agonist)
    • MACKAY, K.B., PATEL, T.R., GALBRAITH, S.L., WOODRUFF, G.N., and MCCULLOCH, J. (1996). The relationship between glutamate release and cerebral blood flow after focal cerebral ischaemia in the cat: effect of pretreatment with enadoline (a kappa receptor agonist). Brain Res. 712, 329-334.
    • (1996) Brain Res. , vol.712 , pp. 329-334
    • Mackay, K.B.1    Patel, T.R.2    Galbraith, S.L.3    Woodruff, G.N.4    Mcculloch, J.5
  • 98
    • 0027762836 scopus 로고
    • The neuroprotective agent riluzole inhibits release of glutamate and aspartate from slices of hippocampal area CA1
    • MARTIN, D., THOMPSON, M.A., and NADLER, J.V. (1993). The neuroprotective agent riluzole inhibits release of glutamate and aspartate from slices of hippocampal area CA1. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 250, 473-476.
    • (1993) Eur. J. Pharmacol. , vol.250 , pp. 473-476
    • Martin, D.1    Thompson, M.A.2    Nadler, J.V.3
  • 99
    • 0025971797 scopus 로고
    • Neurobehavioral effects of phenytoin, carbamazepine, and valproic acid - Implications for use in traumatic brain injury
    • MASSAGLI, T.L. (1991). Neurobehavioral effects of phenytoin, carbamazepine, and valproic acid - Implications for use in traumatic brain injury. Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil. 72, 219-226.
    • (1991) Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil. , vol.72 , pp. 219-226
    • Massagli, T.L.1
  • 100
    • 0028943731 scopus 로고
    • Accumulation of extracellular glutamate by inhibition of its uptake is not sufficient for inducing neuronal damage: An in vivo microdialysis study
    • MASSIEU, L., MORALES-VILLAGRÁN, A., and TAPIA, R. (1995). Accumulation of extracellular glutamate by inhibition of its uptake is not sufficient for inducing neuronal damage: An in vivo microdialysis study. J. Neurochem. 64, 2262-2272.
    • (1995) J. Neurochem. , vol.64 , pp. 2262-2272
    • Massieu, L.1    Morales-Villagrán, A.2    Tapia, R.3
  • 101
    • 0027943670 scopus 로고
    • 2+ binding to serum albumin. a comparative study of dog, bovine, and human albumin
    • 2+ binding to serum albumin. A comparative study of dog, bovine, and human albumin. J. Biol. Chem. 269, 25557-25561.
    • (1994) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.269 , pp. 25557-25561
    • Masuoka, J.1    Saltman, P.2
  • 102
    • 0027234432 scopus 로고
    • Ultrastructural evidence of axonal shearing as a result of lateral acceleration of the head in non-human primates
    • Berl.
    • MAXWELL, W.L., WATT, C., GRAHAM, D.I., and GENNARELLI, T.A. (1993). Ultrastructural evidence of axonal shearing as a result of lateral acceleration of the head in non-human primates. Acta Neuropathol. (Berl.) 86, 136-144.
    • (1993) Acta Neuropathol. , vol.86 , pp. 136-144
    • Maxwell, W.L.1    Watt, C.2    Graham, D.I.3    Gennarelli, T.A.4
  • 103
    • 0025021999 scopus 로고
    • Amino acid neurotransmission - Spotlight on synaptic vesicles
    • MAYCOX, P.R., HELL, J.W., and JAHN, R. (1990). Amino acid neurotransmission - Spotlight on synaptic vesicles. Trends Neurosci. 13, 83-87.
    • (1990) Trends Neurosci. , vol.13 , pp. 83-87
    • Maycox, P.R.1    Hell, J.W.2    Jahn, R.3
  • 104
    • 0030592684 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cortical spreading depression recorded from the human brain using a multiparametric monitoring system
    • MAYEVSKY, A., DORON, A., MANOR, T., MEILIN, S., ZARCHIN, N., and OUAKNINE, G.E. (1996). Cortical spreading depression recorded from the human brain using a multiparametric monitoring system. Brain Res. 740, 268-274.
    • (1996) Brain Res. , vol.740 , pp. 268-274
    • Mayevsky, A.1    Doron, A.2    Manor, T.3    Meilin, S.4    Zarchin, N.5    Ouaknine, G.E.6
  • 106
    • 0027377278 scopus 로고
    • Novel pharmacologic therapies in the treatment of experimental traumatic brain injury: A review
    • MCINTOSH, T.K. (1993). Novel pharmacologic therapies in the treatment of experimental traumatic brain injury: A review. J. Neurotrauma 10, 215-261.
    • (1993) J. Neurotrauma , vol.10 , pp. 215-261
    • Mcintosh, T.K.1
  • 108
    • 0028041046 scopus 로고
    • Central and systemic kappa-opioid agonists exacerbate neurobehavioral response to brain injury in rats
    • MCINTOSH, T.K., FERNYAK, S., YAMAKAMI, I., and FADEN, A.I. (1994). Central and systemic kappa-opioid agonists exacerbate neurobehavioral response to brain injury in rats. Am. J. Physiol. 267, R665-R672.
    • (1994) Am. J. Physiol. , vol.267
    • Mcintosh, T.K.1    Fernyak, S.2    Yamakami, I.3    Faden, A.I.4
  • 109
    • 0030468988 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Riluzole, a novel neuroprotective agent, attenuates both neurologic motor and cognitive dysfunction following experimental brain injury in the rat
    • MCINTOSH, T.K., SMITH, D.H., VODDI, M., PERRI, B.R., and STUTZMANN, J.M. (1996). Riluzole, a novel neuroprotective agent, attenuates both neurologic motor and cognitive dysfunction following experimental brain injury in the rat. J. Neurotrauma 13, 767-780.
    • (1996) J. Neurotrauma , vol.13 , pp. 767-780
    • Mcintosh, T.K.1    Smith, D.H.2    Voddi, M.3    Perri, B.R.4    Astutzmann, J.M.5
  • 110
    • 0025654275 scopus 로고
    • Development of regional cerebral edema after lateral fluid percussion brain injury in the rat
    • MCINTOSH, T.K., SOARES, H., THOMAS, M., and CLOHERTY, K. (1990a). Development of regional cerebral edema after lateral fluid percussion brain injury in the rat. Acta Neurochir. Wien 51, 263-264.
    • (1990) Acta Neurochir. Wien , vol.51 , pp. 263-264
    • Mcintosh, T.K.1    Soares, H.2    Thomas, M.3    Cloherty, K.4
  • 111
    • 0024913248 scopus 로고
    • Effects of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor blocker MK-801 on neurologic function after experimental brain injury
    • MCINTOSH, T.K., VINK, R., SOARES, H., HAYES, R., and SIMON, R. (1989a). Effects of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor blocker MK-801 on neurologic function after experimental brain injury. J. Neurotrauma 6, 247-259.
    • (1989) J. Neurotrauma , vol.6 , pp. 247-259
    • Mcintosh, T.K.1    Vink, R.2    Soares, H.3    Hayes, R.4    Simon, R.5
  • 112
    • 0024990864 scopus 로고
    • Effect of noncompetitive blockade of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors on the neurochemical sequelae of experimental brain injury
    • MCINTOSH, T.K., VINK, R., SOARES, H., HAYES, R., and SIMON, R. (1990b). Effect of noncompetitive blockade of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors on the neurochemical sequelae of experimental brain injury. J. Neurochem. 55, 1170-1179.
    • (1990) J. Neurochem. , vol.55 , pp. 1170-1179
    • Mcintosh, T.K.1    Vink, R.2    Soares, H.3    Hayes, R.4    Simon, R.5
  • 113
    • 0024503446 scopus 로고
    • Magnesium protects against neurological deficit after brain injury
    • MCINTOSH, T.K., VINK, R., YAMAKAMI, I., and FADEN, A.I. (1989b). Magnesium protects against neurological deficit after brain injury. Brain Res. 482, 252-260.
    • (1989) Brain Res. , vol.482 , pp. 252-260
    • Mcintosh, T.K.1    Vink, R.2    Yamakami, I.3    Faden, A.I.4
  • 114
    • 0028173115 scopus 로고
    • Spreading depression of Leao in rodent and human cortex
    • MCLACHLAN, R.S., and GIRVIN, J.P. (1994). Spreading depression of Leao in rodent and human cortex. Brain Res. 666, 133-136.
    • (1994) Brain Res. , vol.666 , pp. 133-136
    • Mclachlan, R.S.1    Girvin, J.P.2
  • 115
    • 0026795115 scopus 로고
    • Tetanus toxin and botulinum toxins a and B inhibit glutamate, gamma-aminobutyric acid, aspartate, and metenkephalin release from synaptosomes. Clues to the locus of action
    • MCMAHON, HT, FORAN, P., DOLLY, J.O., VERHAGE, M., WIEGANT, V.M., and NICHOLLS, D.G. (1992). Tetanus toxin and botulinum toxins A and B inhibit glutamate, gamma-aminobutyric acid, aspartate, and metenkephalin release from synaptosomes. Clues to the locus of action. J. Biol. Chem. 267, 21338-21343.
    • (1992) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.267 , pp. 21338-21343
    • Mcmahon, H.T.1    Foran, P.2    Dolly, J.O.3    Verhage, M.4    Wiegant, V.M.5    Nicholls, D.G.6
  • 116
    • 0002899317 scopus 로고
    • Sodium-channel blockade and glutamate release: The mechanism of cerebroprotection by lamotrigine, BW 1003C87 and BW 619C89
    • J. Krieglstein, and H. Oberpichler-Schwenk (eds.). Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft:Stuttgart
    • MELDRUM, B.S., SMITH, S.E., LEKIEFFRE, D., CHAPMAN, A.G., GRAHAM, J.L., and PEARCE, P.C. (1994). Sodium-channel blockade and glutamate release: the mechanism of cerebroprotection by lamotrigine, BW 1003C87 and BW 619C89, in Pharmacology of Cerebral Ischemia 1994. J. Krieglstein, and H. Oberpichler-Schwenk (eds.). Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft:Stuttgart, pp. 203-209.
    • (1994) Pharmacology of Cerebral Ischemia 1994 , pp. 203-209
    • Meldrum, B.S.1    Smith, S.E.2    Lekieffre, D.3    Chapman, A.G.4    Graham, J.L.5    Pearce, P.C.6
  • 117
    • 0026783329 scopus 로고
    • Reduction of glutamate release and protection against ischemic brain damage by BW 1003C87
    • MELDRUM, B.S., SWAN, J.H., LEACH, M.J., et al. (1992). Reduction of glutamate release and protection against ischemic brain damage by BW 1003C87. Brain Res. 593, 1-6.
    • (1992) Brain Res. , vol.593 , pp. 1-6
    • Meldrum, B.S.1    Swan, J.H.2    Leach, M.J.3
  • 120
    • 0030475774 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The source of physiologically stimulated glutamate efflux from the striatum of conscious rats
    • London
    • MIELE, M., BOUTELLE, M.G., and FILLENZ, M. (1996). The source of physiologically stimulated glutamate efflux from the striatum of conscious rats. J. Physiol. (London) 497, 745-751.
    • (1996) J. Physiol. , vol.497 , pp. 745-751
    • Miele, M.1    Boutelle, M.G.2    Fillenz, M.3
  • 122
    • 0028810883 scopus 로고
    • Structure and function of the NMDA receptor channel
    • MORI, H., and MISHINA, M. (1995). Structure and function of the NMDA receptor channel. Neuropharmacology 34, 1219-1237.
    • (1995) Neuropharmacology , vol.34 , pp. 1219-1237
    • Mori, H.1    Mishina, M.2
  • 123
    • 0028955844 scopus 로고
    • The effect of acute cocaine or lidocaine on behavioral function following fluid percussion brain injury in rats
    • MUIR, J.K., LYETH, B.G., HAMM, R.J., and ELLIS, E.F. (1995). The effect of acute cocaine or lidocaine on behavioral function following fluid percussion brain injury in rats. J. Neurotrauma 12, 87-97.
    • (1995) J. Neurotrauma , vol.12 , pp. 87-97
    • Muir, J.K.1    Lyeth, B.G.2    Hamm, R.J.3    Ellis, E.F.4
  • 124
    • 0029832301 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activation of metabotropic glutamate-receptor subtype mGluR1 contributes to posttraumatic neuronal injury
    • MUKHIN, A., FAN, L., and FADEN, A.I. (1996). Activation of metabotropic glutamate-receptor subtype mGluR1 contributes to posttraumatic neuronal injury. J. Neurosci. 19, 6012-6020.
    • (1996) J. Neurosci. , vol.19 , pp. 6012-6020
    • Mukhin, A.1    Fan, L.2    Faden, A.I.3
  • 125
    • 0027158001 scopus 로고
    • Characterization of cortical depolarizations evoked in focal cerebral ischemia
    • NEDERGAARD, M., and HANSEN, A.J. (1993). Characterization of cortical depolarizations evoked in focal cerebral ischemia. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 13, 568-574.
    • (1993) J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. , vol.13 , pp. 568-574
    • Nedergaard, M.1    Hansen, A.J.2
  • 126
    • 0027460743 scopus 로고
    • Ion channels and the regulation of neurotransmitter glutamate release
    • NICHOLLS, D.G. (1993). Ion channels and the regulation of neurotransmitter glutamate release. Biochem. Soc. Transac. 21, 53-58.
    • (1993) Biochem. Soc. Transac. , vol.21 , pp. 53-58
    • Nicholls, D.G.1
  • 127
    • 0025052336 scopus 로고
    • The release and uptake of excitatory amino acids
    • NICHOLLS, D.G., and ATTWELL, D. (1990). The release and uptake of excitatory amino acids. Trends Neurosci. 11, 462-468.
    • (1990) Trends Neurosci. , vol.11 , pp. 462-468
    • Nicholls, D.G.1    Attwell, D.2
  • 128
    • 0025182940 scopus 로고
    • Changes in cortical extracellular levels of energy-related metabolites and amino acids following concussive brain injury in rats
    • NILSSON, P., HILLERED, L., PONTÉN, U., and UNGERSTEDT, U. (1990). Changes in cortical extracellular levels of energy-related metabolites and amino acids following concussive brain injury in rats. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 10, 631-637.
    • (1990) J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. , vol.10 , pp. 631-637
    • Nilsson, P.1    Hillered, L.2    Pontén, U.3    Ungerstedt, U.4
  • 130
    • 0030047543 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Calcium movements in traumatic brain injury: The role of glutamate receptor-operated ion channels
    • NILSSON, P., LAURSEN, H., HILLERED, L., and HANSEN, A.J. (1996). Calcium movements in traumatic brain injury: The role of glutamate receptor-operated ion channels. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 16, 262-270.
    • (1996) J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. , vol.16 , pp. 262-270
    • Nilsson, P.1    Laursen, H.2    Hillered, L.3    Hansen, A.J.4
  • 131
  • 134
    • 0029686413 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Origins of glutamate release in ischaemia
    • Wien
    • OBRENOVITCH, T.P. (1996). Origins of glutamate release in ischaemia. Acta Neurochir. Suppl. (Wien) 66, 50-55.
    • (1996) Acta Neurochir. Suppl. , vol.66 , pp. 50-55
    • Obrenovitch, T.P.1
  • 135
    • 0002865928 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glutamate neurotoxicity and stroke
    • G.J. Ter Horst and J. Korf (eds.). Humana Press: Totowa, U.S.A.
    • OBRENOVITCH, T.P. (1997). Glutamate neurotoxicity and stroke, In: The Clinical Pharmacology of Cerebral Ischemia. G.J. Ter Horst and J. Korf (eds.). Humana Press: Totowa, U.S.A., pps. 101-125.
    • (1997) The Clinical Pharmacology of Cerebral Ischemia , pp. 101-125
    • Obrenovitch, T.P.1
  • 136
    • 0024207765 scopus 로고
    • Brain tissue concentration of ATP, phosphocreatine, lactate and tissue pH in relation to reduced cerebral blood flow following experimental acute middle cerebral artery occlusion
    • OBRENOVITCH, T.P., GAROFALO, O., HARRIS, R.J., et al. (1988). Brain tissue concentration of ATP, phosphocreatine, lactate and tissue pH in relation to reduced cerebral blood flow following experimental acute middle cerebral artery occlusion. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 8, 866-874.
    • (1988) J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. , vol.8 , pp. 866-874
    • Obrenovitch, T.P.1    Garofalo, O.2    Harris, R.J.3
  • 137
    • 0029257347 scopus 로고
    • Extra-cellular neurotransmitter changes in cerebral ischaemia
    • OBRENOVITCH, T.P., and RICHARDS, D.A. (1995). Extra-cellular neurotransmitter changes in cerebral ischaemia. Cerebrovasc. Brain Metab. Rev. 7, 1-54.
    • (1995) Cerebrovasc. Brain Metab. Rev. , vol.7 , pp. 1-54
    • Obrenovitch, T.P.1    Richards, D.A.2
  • 138
    • 0027314999 scopus 로고
    • Combined intracerebral microdialysis and electrophysiological recording: Methodology and applications
    • OBRENOVITCH, T.P., RICHARDS, D.A., SARNA, G.S., and SYMON, L. (1993). Combined intracerebral microdialysis and electrophysiological recording: Methodology and applications. J. Neurosci. Meth. 47, 139-145.
    • (1993) J. Neurosci. Meth. , vol.47 , pp. 139-145
    • Obrenovitch, T.P.1    Richards, D.A.2    Sarna, G.S.3    Symon, L.4
  • 139
    • 0002374051 scopus 로고
    • Intracerebral dialysis with on-line enzyme fluorometric detection: A novel method to investigate the changes in the extracellular concentration of glutamic acid
    • J. Krieglstein and H. Oberpichler (ed.). Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft:Stuttgart
    • OBRENOVITCH, T.P., SARNA, G.S., MILLAN, M.H., LOK, S.-Y., KAWAUCHI, M., UEDA, Y., and SYMON, L. (1990). Intracerebral dialysis with on-line enzyme fluorometric detection: A novel method to investigate the changes in the extracellular concentration of glutamic acid, in Pharmacology of Cerebral Ischemia 1990. J. Krieglstein and H. Oberpichler (ed.). Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft:Stuttgart, pp. 23-31.
    • (1990) Pharmacology of Cerebral Ischemia 1990 , pp. 23-31
    • Obrenovitch, T.P.1    Sarna, G.S.2    Millan, M.H.3    Lok, S.-Y.4    Kawauchi, M.5    Ueda, Y.6    Symon, L.7
  • 140
    • 0031049236 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Altered glutamatergic transmission in neurological disorders: From high extracellular glutamate to excessive synaptic efficacy
    • OBRENOVITCH, T.P., and URENJAK, J. (1997). Altered glutamatergic transmission in neurological disorders: from high extracellular glutamate to excessive synaptic efficacy. Prog. Neurobiol. 51, 39-87.
    • (1997) Prog. Neurobiol. , vol.51 , pp. 39-87
    • Obrenovitch, T.P.1    Urenjak, J.2
  • 141
    • 0029895780 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence disputing the link between seizure activity and high extracellular glutamate
    • OBRENOVITCH, T.P., URENJAK, J., and ZILKHA, E. (1996a). Evidence disputing the link between seizure activity and high extracellular glutamate. J. Neurochem. 66, 2446-2454.
    • (1996) J. Neurochem. , vol.66 , pp. 2446-2454
    • Obrenovitch, T.P.1    Urenjak, J.2    Zilkha, E.3
  • 142
    • 0030813072 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of increased extracellular glutamate levels on the local field potential in the brain of anaesthetized rats
    • OBRENOVITCH, T.P., URENJAK, J., and ZILKHA, E. (1997a). Effects of increased extracellular glutamate levels on the local field potential in the brain of anaesthetized rats. Br. J. Pharmacol. 121, 372-378.
    • (1997) Br. J. Pharmacol. , vol.121 , pp. 372-378
    • Obrenovitch, T.P.1    Urenjak, J.2    Zilkha, E.3
  • 143
    • 0029001299 scopus 로고
    • High extracellular potassium, and not extracellular glutamate, is required for the propagation of spreading depression
    • OBRENOVITCH, T.P., and ZILKHA, E. (1995). High extracellular potassium, and not extracellular glutamate, is required for the propagation of spreading depression. J. Neurophysiol. 73, 2107-2114.
    • (1995) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.73 , pp. 2107-2114
    • Obrenovitch, T.P.1    Zilkha, E.2
  • 144
    • 0029981624 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of cortical spreading depression by L-701,324, a novel antagonist at the glycine site of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor complex
    • OBRENOVITCH, T.P., and ZILKHA, E. (1996). Inhibition of cortical spreading depression by L-701,324, a novel antagonist at the glycine site of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor complex. Br. J. Pharmacol. 117, 931-937.
    • (1996) Br. J. Pharmacol. , vol.117 , pp. 931-937
    • Obrenovitch, T.P.1    Zilkha, E.2
  • 145
    • 0029785704 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence against high extracellular glutamate promoting the elicitation of spreading depression by potassium
    • OBRENOVITCH, T.P., ZILKHA, E., and URENJAK, J. (1996b). Evidence against high extracellular glutamate promoting the elicitation of spreading depression by potassium. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 16, 923-931.
    • (1996) J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. , vol.16 , pp. 923-931
    • Obrenovitch, T.P.1    Zilkha, E.2    Urenjak, J.3
  • 146
    • 0031916164 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of pharmacological inhibition of glutamate-uptake on ischemia-induced glutamate efflux and anoxic depolarization latency
    • Submitted for publication
    • OBRENOVITCH, T.P., ZILKHA, E., and URENJAK, J. (1997b). Effect of pharmacological inhibition of glutamate-uptake on ischemia-induced glutamate efflux and anoxic depolarization latency. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Arch. Pharmacol. (Submitted for publication).
    • (1997) Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Arch. Pharmacol.
    • Obrenovitch, T.P.1    Zilkha, E.2    Urenjak, J.3
  • 147
    • 0026654239 scopus 로고
    • Release of excitatory amino acids from cultured hippocampal astrocytes induced by hypoxic-hypoglycemic simulation
    • OGATA, T., NAKAMURA, Y., SHIBATA, T., and KATAOKA, K. (1992). Release of excitatory amino acids from cultured hippocampal astrocytes induced by hypoxic-hypoglycemic simulation. J. Neurochem. 58, 1957-1959.
    • (1992) J. Neurochem. , vol.58 , pp. 1957-1959
    • Ogata, T.1    Nakamura, Y.2    Shibata, T.3    Kataoka, K.4
  • 148
    • 0028836161 scopus 로고
    • The sodium channel blocker and glutamate release inhibitor BW1003C87 and magnesium attenuate regional cerebral edema following experimental brain injury in the rat
    • OKIYAMA, K., SMITH, D.H., GENNARELLI, T.A., SIMON, R.P., LEACH, M., and MCINTOSH, T.K. (1995). The sodium channel blocker and glutamate release inhibitor BW1003C87 and magnesium attenuate regional cerebral edema following experimental brain injury in the rat. J. Neurochem. 64, 802-809.
    • (1995) J. Neurochem. , vol.64 , pp. 802-809
    • Okiyama, K.1    Smith, D.H.2    Gennarelli, T.A.3    Simon, R.P.4    Leach, M.5    Mcintosh, T.K.6
  • 149
    • 0025805650 scopus 로고
    • Effects of unilateral cortex lesions on gene-expression of rat cortical cholecystokinin neurons
    • OLENIK, C., LAIS, A., and MEYER, D.K. (1991). Effects of unilateral cortex lesions on gene-expression of rat cortical cholecystokinin neurons. Mol. Brain Res. 10, 259-265.
    • (1991) Mol. Brain Res. , vol.10 , pp. 259-265
    • Olenik, C.1    Lais, A.2    Meyer, D.K.3
  • 150
    • 0027376339 scopus 로고
    • The chemical nature of the main central excitatory transmitter: A critical appraisal based upon release studies and synaptic vesicle localization
    • ORREGO, F., and VILLANUEVA, S. (1993). The chemical nature of the main central excitatory transmitter: A critical appraisal based upon release studies and synaptic vesicle localization. Neuroscience 56, 539-555.
    • (1993) Neuroscience , vol.56 , pp. 539-555
    • Orrego, F.1    Villanueva, S.2
  • 151
    • 0026335712 scopus 로고
    • Study of regional cerebral blood flow in experimental head injury: Changes following cerebral contusion and during spreading depression
    • Tokyo
    • OZAWA, Y., NAKAMURA, T., SUNAMI, K., et al. (1991). Study of regional cerebral blood flow in experimental head injury: changes following cerebral contusion and during spreading depression. Neurol. Med. Chir. (Tokyo) 31, 685-690.
    • (1991) Neurol. Med. Chir. , vol.31 , pp. 685-690
    • Ozawa, Y.1    Nakamura, T.2    Sunami, K.3
  • 152
    • 0027759679 scopus 로고
    • Therapeutic hypothermia is cytoprotective without attenuating the traumatic brain injury-induced elevations in interstitial concentrations of aspartate and glutamate
    • PALMER, A.M., MARION, D.W., BOTSCHELLER, M.L., and REDD, E.E. (1993a). Therapeutic hypothermia is cytoprotective without attenuating the traumatic brain injury-induced elevations in interstitial concentrations of aspartate and glutamate. J. Neurotrauma 10, 363-372.
    • (1993) J. Neurotrauma , vol.10 , pp. 363-372
    • Palmer, A.M.1    Marion, D.W.2    Botscheller, M.L.3    Redd, E.E.4
  • 153
  • 154
    • 0028586835 scopus 로고
    • Increased transmitter amino acid concentration in human ventricular CSF after brain trauma
    • PALMER, A.M., MARION, D.W., BOTSCHELLER, M.L., BOWEN, D.M., and DEKOSKY, S.T. (1994). Increased transmitter amino acid concentration in human ventricular CSF after brain trauma. Neuroreport 6, 153-156.
    • (1994) Neuroreport , vol.6 , pp. 153-156
    • Palmer, A.M.1    Marion, D.W.2    Botscheller, M.L.3    Bowen, D.M.4    Dekosky, S.T.5
  • 155
    • 0026542415 scopus 로고
    • Pretreatment with NMDA antagonists limits release of excitatory amino acids following traumatic brain injury
    • PANTER, S.S., and FADEN, A.I. (1992). Pretreatment with NMDA antagonists limits release of excitatory amino acids following traumatic brain injury. Neurosci. Lett. 136, 165-168.
    • (1992) Neurosci. Lett. , vol.136 , pp. 165-168
    • Panter, S.S.1    Faden, A.I.2
  • 156
    • 0027369531 scopus 로고
    • Glutamate uptake by astrocytes is inhibited by reactive oxygen intermediates but not by other macrophage-derived molecules including cytokines, leukotrienes or platelet-activating factor
    • PIANI, D., FREI, K., PFISTER, H.W., and FONTANA, A. (1993). Glutamate uptake by astrocytes is inhibited by reactive oxygen intermediates but not by other macrophage-derived molecules including cytokines, leukotrienes or platelet-activating factor. J. Neuroimmunol. 48, 99-104.
    • (1993) J. Neuroimmunol. , vol.48 , pp. 99-104
    • Piani, D.1    Frei, K.2    Pfister, H.W.3    Fontana, A.4
  • 157
    • 0026435098 scopus 로고
    • Traumatically induced axonal injury: Pathogenesis and pathobiological implications
    • POVLISHOCK, J.T. (1992). Traumatically induced axonal injury: pathogenesis and pathobiological implications. Brain Pathol. 2, 1-12.
    • (1992) Brain Pathol. , vol.2 , pp. 1-12
    • Povlishock, J.T.1
  • 158
    • 0011445008 scopus 로고
    • Traumatically induced blood-brain barrier disruption: A conduit for the passage of circulating excitatory neurotransmitters
    • POVLISHOCK, J.T., and LYETH, B.G. (1989). Traumatically induced blood-brain barrier disruption: a conduit for the passage of circulating excitatory neurotransmitters. Soc. Neurosci. Abstr. 15, 1113.
    • (1989) Soc. Neurosci. Abstr. , vol.15 , pp. 1113
    • Povlishock, J.T.1    Lyeth, B.G.2
  • 159
    • 0028820892 scopus 로고
    • Long-term potentiation deficits and excitability changes following traumatic brain injury
    • REEVES, T.M., LYETH, B.G., and POVLISHOCK, J.T. (1995). Long-term potentiation deficits and excitability changes following traumatic brain injury. Exp. Brain Res. 106, 248-256.
    • (1995) Exp. Brain Res. , vol.106 , pp. 248-256
    • Reeves, T.M.1    Lyeth, B.G.2    Povlishock, J.T.3
  • 160
    • 0028871039 scopus 로고
    • Failure of neuronal ion exchange, not potentiated excitation, causes excitotoxicity after inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation
    • RIEPE, M.W., HORI, N., LUDOLPH, A.C., and CARPENTER, D.O. (1995). Failure of neuronal ion exchange, not potentiated excitation, causes excitotoxicity after inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation. Neuroscience 64, 91-97.
    • (1995) Neuroscience , vol.64 , pp. 91-97
    • Riepe, M.W.1    Hori, N.2    Ludolph, A.C.3    Carpenter, D.O.4
  • 162
    • 0024206648 scopus 로고
    • Structural changes in the rat brain after carotid infusion of hyperosmolar solutions
    • SALAHUDDIN, T.S., JOHANSSON, B.B., KALIMO, H., and OLSSON, Y. (1988). Structural changes in the rat brain after carotid infusion of hyperosmolar solutions. Acta Neuropathol. 77, 5-13.
    • (1988) Acta Neuropathol. , vol.77 , pp. 5-13
    • Salahuddin, T.S.1    Johansson, B.B.2    Kalimo, H.3    Olsson, Y.4
  • 163
    • 0023819058 scopus 로고
    • 2+-independent release of glutamate during anoxia in isolated nerve terminals
    • 2+-independent release of glutamate during anoxia in isolated nerve terminals. J. Neurochem. 50, 1322-1324.
    • (1988) J. Neurochem. , vol.50 , pp. 1322-1324
    • Sanchez-Prieto, J.1    Gonzalez, P.2
  • 164
    • 0025139268 scopus 로고
    • Serum and depolarizing agents cause acute neurotoxicity in cultured cerebellar granule cells: Role of the glutamate receptor responsive to N-methyl-D-aspartate
    • SCHRAMM, M., EIMERL, S., and COSTA, E. (1990). Serum and depolarizing agents cause acute neurotoxicity in cultured cerebellar granule cells: role of the glutamate receptor responsive to N-methyl-D-aspartate. Proc. Natl. Sci. U.S.A. 87, 1193-1197.
    • (1990) Proc. Natl. Sci. U.S.A. , vol.87 , pp. 1193-1197
    • Schramm, M.1    Eimerl, S.2    Costa, E.3
  • 165
    • 0027440127 scopus 로고
    • Oxypurinol inhibits free radical release from the cerebral cortex of closed head injured rats
    • SEN, S., GOLDMAN, H., MOREHEAD, M., MURPHY, S., and PHILLIS, J.W. (1993). Oxypurinol inhibits free radical release from the cerebral cortex of closed head injured rats. Neurosci. Lett. 162, 117-120.
    • (1993) Neurosci. Lett. , vol.162 , pp. 117-120
    • Sen, S.1    Goldman, H.2    Morehead, M.3    Murphy, S.4    Phillis, J.W.5
  • 166
    • 0025147346 scopus 로고
    • Protective effect of MK-801 in experimental brain trauma
    • SHAPIRA, Y., YADID, G., COTEV, A., NISKA, A., and SHOHAMI, E. (1990). Protective effect of MK-801 in experimental brain trauma. J. Neurotrauma 7, 131-139.
    • (1990) J. Neurotrauma , vol.7 , pp. 131-139
    • Shapira, Y.1    Yadid, G.2    Cotev, A.3    Niska, A.4    Shohami, E.5
  • 167
    • 0027526615 scopus 로고
    • The triggering of spreading depression in the chicken retina: A pharmacological study
    • SHEARDOWN, M.J. (1993). The triggering of spreading depression in the chicken retina: A pharmacological study. Brain Res. 607, 189-194.
    • (1993) Brain Res. , vol.607 , pp. 189-194
    • Sheardown, M.J.1
  • 168
    • 85036675974 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impaired expression of long-term potentiation in hippocampal slices
    • SICK, T.J., FENG, Z.-Z., and PÉREZ-PINZON, M.A. (1996). Impaired expression of long-term potentiation in hippocampal slices. Soc. Neurosci. Abstr. 22, 2156.
    • (1996) Soc. Neurosci. Abstr. , vol.22 , pp. 2156
    • Sick, T.J.1    Feng, Z.-Z.2    Pérez-Pinzon, M.A.3
  • 169
    • 0024556434 scopus 로고
    • Calcium fluxes, calcium antagonists and calcium-related pathology in brain ischemia, hypoglycemia and spreading depression: A unifying hypothesis
    • SIESJÖ, B.K., and BENGTSSON, F. (1989). Calcium fluxes, calcium antagonists and calcium-related pathology in brain ischemia, hypoglycemia and spreading depression: a unifying hypothesis. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 9, 127-140.
    • (1989) J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. , vol.9 , pp. 127-140
    • Siesjö, B.K.1    Bengtsson, F.2
  • 170
    • 0023905009 scopus 로고
    • A transient hypertensive opening of the blood-brain barrier can lead to brain damage
    • SKORAB, T.-E.O., JOHANSSON, B.B., KALIMO, H., and OLSSON, Y.A. (1988). A transient hypertensive opening of the blood-brain barrier can lead to brain damage. Acta Neuropathol. 75, 557-565.
    • (1988) Acta Neuropathol. , vol.75 , pp. 557-565
    • Skorab, T.-E.O.1    Johansson, B.B.2    Kalimo, H.3    Olsson, Y.A.4
  • 171
    • 0027303023 scopus 로고
    • Magnesium and ketamine attenuate cognitive dysfunction following experimental brain injury
    • SMITH, D.H., OKIYAMA, K., GENNARELLI, T.A., and MCINTOSH, T.K. (1993a). Magnesium and ketamine attenuate cognitive dysfunction following experimental brain injury. Neurosci. Lett. 157, 211-214.
    • (1993) Neurosci. Lett. , vol.157 , pp. 211-214
    • Smith, D.H.1    Okiyama, K.2    Gennarelli, T.A.3    Mcintosh, T.K.4
  • 172
    • 0027132491 scopus 로고
    • Effects of the excitatory amino acid receptor antagonists kynurenate and indole-2-carboxylic acid on behavioral and neurochemical outcome following experimental brain injury
    • SMITH, D.H., OKIYAMA, K., THOMAS, M.J., and MCINTOSH, T.K. (1993b). Effects of the excitatory amino acid receptor antagonists kynurenate and indole-2-carboxylic acid on behavioral and neurochemical outcome following experimental brain injury. J. Neurosci. 13, 5383-5392.
    • (1993) J. Neurosci. , vol.13 , pp. 5383-5392
    • Smith, D.H.1    Okiyama, K.2    Thomas, M.J.3    Mcintosh, T.K.4
  • 173
    • 0028287470 scopus 로고
    • Neurotransmission: Harnessing fusion machinery at the synapse
    • SÖLLNER, T.P., and ROTHMAN, J.E. (1994). Neurotransmission: harnessing fusion machinery at the synapse. Trends Neurosci. 17, 344-349.
    • (1994) Trends Neurosci. , vol.17 , pp. 344-349
    • Söllner, T.P.1    Rothman, J.E.2
  • 174
    • 0029976154 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of riluzole on posttraumatic spinal cord injury in the rat
    • STUTZMANN, J.M., PRATT, J., BORAUD, T., and GROSS, C. (1996). The effect of riluzole on posttraumatic spinal cord injury in the rat. Neuroreport 7, 387-392.
    • (1996) Neuroreport , vol.7 , pp. 387-392
    • Stutzmann, J.M.1    Pratt, J.2    Boraud, T.3    Gross, C.4
  • 175
    • 0028799544 scopus 로고
    • Neuroprotective effects of 619C89, a use-dependent sodium channel blocker, in rat traumatic brain injury
    • SUN, F.-Y., and FADEN, A.I. (1995). Neuroprotective effects of 619C89, a use-dependent sodium channel blocker, in rat traumatic brain injury. Brain Res. 673, 133-140.
    • (1995) Brain Res. , vol.673 , pp. 133-140
    • Sun, F.-Y.1    Faden, A.I.2
  • 177
    • 0019867463 scopus 로고
    • Changes in extracellular potassium concentration in cortex and brain stem during the acute phase of experimental closed head injury
    • TAKAHASHI, H., MANAKA, S., and SANO, K. (1981). Changes in extracellular potassium concentration in cortex and brain stem during the acute phase of experimental closed head injury. J. Neurosurg. 55, 708-717.
    • (1981) J. Neurosurg. , vol.55 , pp. 708-717
    • Takahashi, H.1    Manaka, S.2    Sano, K.3
  • 178
    • 0030597199 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of excitatory neurotransmitters in seizure-induced neuronal injury in rats
    • TANAKA, K., GRAHAM, S.H., and SIMON, R.P. (1996). The role of excitatory neurotransmitters in seizure-induced neuronal injury in rats. Brain Res. 737, 59-63.
    • (1996) Brain Res. , vol.737 , pp. 59-63
    • Tanaka, K.1    Graham, S.H.2    Simon, R.P.3
  • 180
    • 1842348591 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Local application of tetrodotoxin (TTX) reduces long-term functional deficits resulting from experimental spinal cord injury
    • TENG, Y.D., and WRATHALL, J.R. (1996). Local application of tetrodotoxin (TTX) reduces long-term functional deficits resulting from experimental spinal cord injury. Soc. Neurosci. Abstr. 22, 2157.
    • (1996) Soc. Neurosci. Abstr. , vol.22 , pp. 2157
    • Teng, Y.D.1    Wrathall, J.R.2
  • 181
  • 182
    • 0029886775 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • +-channel inhibitors: An analysis of plasma membrane ion fluxes
    • +-channel inhibitors: An analysis of plasma membrane ion fluxes. J. Neurochem. 67, 389-397.
    • (1996) J. Neurochem. , vol.67 , pp. 389-397
    • Tibbs, G.R.1    Dolly, J.O.2    Nicholls, D.G.3
  • 183
    • 0021357531 scopus 로고
    • Acute responses to experimental blunt head trauma. Topography of cerebral cortical edema
    • TORNHEIM, P.A., PRIOLEAU, G.R., and MCLAURIN, R.L. (1984). Acute responses to experimental blunt head trauma. Topography of cerebral cortical edema. J. Neurosurg. 60, 473-480.
    • (1984) J. Neurosurg. , vol.60 , pp. 473-480
    • Tornheim, P.A.1    Prioleau, G.R.2    Mclaurin, R.L.3
  • 184
    • 0027313217 scopus 로고
    • Prevention by eliprodil (SL-82.0715) of traumatic brain-damage in the rat - Existence of a large (18 h) therapeutic window
    • TOULMOND, S., SERRANO, A., BENAVIDES, J., and SCATTON, M. (1993). Prevention by eliprodil (SL-82.0715) of traumatic brain-damage in the rat - Existence of a large (18 h) therapeutic window. Brain Res. 620, 32-41.
    • (1993) Brain Res. , vol.620 , pp. 32-41
    • Toulmond, S.1    Serrano, A.2    Benavides, J.3    Scatton, M.4
  • 185
    • 0029976459 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A use-dependent sodium channel antagonist. 619C89, in reduction of ischemic brain damage and glutamate release after subdural hematoma in the rat
    • TSUCHIDA, E., HARMS, J.F., WOODWARD, J.J., and BULLOCK, R. (1996). A use-dependent sodium channel antagonist. 619C89, in reduction of ischemic brain damage and glutamate release after subdural hematoma in the rat. J. Neurosurg. 85, 104-111.
    • (1996) J. Neurosurg. , vol.85 , pp. 104-111
    • Tsuchida, E.1    Harms, J.F.2    Woodward, J.J.3    Bullock, R.4
  • 186
    • 0027739672 scopus 로고
    • Towards an understanding of the role of glutamate in neurodegenerative disorders: Energy metabolism and neuropathology
    • TURSKI, L., and TURSKI, W.A. (1993). Towards an understanding of the role of glutamate in neurodegenerative disorders: energy metabolism and neuropathology. Experientia 49, 1064-1072.
    • (1993) Experientia , vol.49 , pp. 1064-1072
    • Turski, L.1    Turski, W.A.2
  • 187
    • 0029971412 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • + channels: A rational and effective strategy against ischemic brain damage
    • + channels: A rational and effective strategy against ischemic brain damage. Pharmacol. Rev. 48, 21-67.
    • (1996) Pharmacol. Rev. , vol.48 , pp. 21-67
    • Urenjak, J.1    Obrenovitch, T.P.2
  • 188
    • 0030705997 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacological modulation of sodium channels by riluzole: An alternative to antiexcitotoxic actions
    • URENJAK, J., and OBRENOVITCH, T.P. (1997). Pharmacological modulation of sodium channels by riluzole: an alternative to antiexcitotoxic actions. Rev. Contemporary Pharmacotherapy 8, 237-246.
    • (1997) Rev. Contemporary Pharmacotherapy , vol.8 , pp. 237-246
    • Urenjak, J.1    Obrenovitch, T.P.2
  • 189
    • 0002828636 scopus 로고
    • Is N-acetylaspartate involved in neurotransmission? a microdialysis study
    • H. Rollema, B. Westerink, and W.J. Drijfhout WJ (eds.). University Center for Pharmacy: Gröningen
    • URENJAK, J., OBRENOVITCH, T.P., RICHARDS, D.A., WILLIAMS, S.R., and SYMON, L. (1991). Is N-acetylaspartate involved in neurotransmission? A microdialysis study, in: Monitoring Molecules in Neuroscience. H. Rollema, B. Westerink, and W.J. Drijfhout WJ (eds.). University Center for Pharmacy: Gröningen, pp. 355-357.
    • (1991) Monitoring Molecules in Neuroscience , pp. 355-357
    • Urenjak, J.1    Obrenovitch, T.P.2    Richards, D.A.3    Williams, S.R.4    Symon, L.5
  • 190
    • 0030859044 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of acidotic challenges on local depolarizations evoked by N-methyl-D-aspartate in the rat striatum
    • URENJAK, J., ZILKHA, E., GOTOH, M., and OBRENOVITCH, T.P. (1997). Effect of acidotic challenges on local depolarizations evoked by N-methyl-D-aspartate in the rat striatum. Life Sciences 61, 523-535.
    • (1997) Life Sciences , vol.61 , pp. 523-535
    • Urenjak, J.1    Zilkha, E.2    Gotoh, M.3    Obrenovitch, T.P.4
  • 191
    • 1842276655 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence of transient increases in glutamate associated with decreases in CPP below 60 torr after human head injury
    • VESPA, P., PRINS, M.L., LEE, S.M., et al. (1996). Evidence of transient increases in glutamate associated with decreases in CPP below 60 torr after human head injury. Soc. Neurosci. Abstr. 22, 1904.
    • (1996) Soc. Neurosci. Abstr. , vol.22 , pp. 1904
    • Vespa, P.1    Prins, M.L.2    Lee, S.M.3
  • 193
    • 0026340608 scopus 로고
    • Kappa-opioid antagonist improves cellular bioenergetics and recovery after traumatic brain injury
    • VINK, R., PORTOGHESE, P.S., and FADEN, A.I. (1991). Kappa-opioid antagonist improves cellular bioenergetics and recovery after traumatic brain injury. Am. J. Physiol. 261, R1527-R1532.
    • (1991) Am. J. Physiol. , vol.261
    • Vink, R.1    Portoghese, P.S.2    Faden, A.I.3
  • 194
    • 0027944554 scopus 로고
    • Glutamate uptake is inhibited by arachidonic acid and oxygen radicals via two distinct and additive mechanisms
    • VOLTERRA, A., TROTTI, D., and RACAGNI, G. (1994). Glutamate uptake is inhibited by arachidonic acid and oxygen radicals via two distinct and additive mechanisms. Mol. Pharmacol. 46, 986-992.
    • (1994) Mol. Pharmacol. , vol.46 , pp. 986-992
    • Volterra, A.1    Trotti, D.2    Racagni, G.3
  • 195
    • 0027982155 scopus 로고
    • Extracellular glutamate during focal cerebral ischaemia in rats: Time course and calcium-dependency
    • WAHL, F., OBRENOVITCH, T.P., HARDY, A.M., PLOTKINE, M., BOULU, R., and SYMON, L. (1994). Extracellular glutamate during focal cerebral ischaemia in rats: Time course and calcium-dependency. J. Neurochem. 63, 1003-1011.
    • (1994) J. Neurochem. , vol.63 , pp. 1003-1011
    • Wahl, F.1    Obrenovitch, T.P.2    Hardy, A.M.3    Plotkine, M.4    Boulu, R.5    Symon, L.6
  • 196
    • 0030915422 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Riluzole reduces brain lesions and improves neurological function in rats after a traumatic brain injury
    • WAHL, F., RENOU, E., MARY, V., and STUTZMANN, J.-M. (1997). Riluzole reduces brain lesions and improves neurological function in rats after a traumatic brain injury. Brain Res. 756, 247-255.
    • (1997) Brain Res. , vol.756 , pp. 247-255
    • Wahl, F.1    Renou, E.2    Mary, V.3    Stutzmann, J.-M.4
  • 197
    • 0028892459 scopus 로고
    • Brain microdialysis and its application for the study of animal behaviour
    • WESTERINK, B.H.C. (1995). Brain microdialysis and its application for the study of animal behaviour. Behav. Brain Res. 70, 103-124.
    • (1995) Behav. Brain Res. , vol.70 , pp. 103-124
    • Westerink, B.H.C.1
  • 198
    • 0029058583 scopus 로고
    • Ion channel involvement in anoxic depolarization induced by cardiac arrest in rat brain
    • XIE, Y., ZACHARIAS, E., HOFF, P., and TEGTMEIER, F. (1995). Ion channel involvement in anoxic depolarization induced by cardiac arrest in rat brain. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 15, 587-594.
    • (1995) J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. , vol.15 , pp. 587-594
    • Xie, Y.1    Zacharias, E.2    Hoff, P.3    Tegtmeier, F.4
  • 199
    • 0028786448 scopus 로고
    • The role of excitatory amino acids in severe brain trauma: Opportunities for therapy: a review
    • ZAUNER, A., and BULLOCK, R. (1995). The role of excitatory amino acids in severe brain trauma: opportunities for therapy: a review. J. Neurotrauma 12, 547-554.
    • (1995) J. Neurotrauma , vol.12 , pp. 547-554
    • Zauner, A.1    Bullock, R.2
  • 201
    • 0029000217 scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of glutamate release - A possible mechanism of hypothermic neuroprotection
    • ZORNOW, M.H. (1995). Inhibition of glutamate release - A possible mechanism of hypothermic neuroprotection. J. Neurosurg. Anesthesiol. 7, 148-151.
    • (1995) J. Neurosurg. Anesthesiol. , vol.7 , pp. 148-151
    • Zornow, M.H.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.