Invasion of protozoa by Legionella pneumophila and its role in bacterial ecology and pathogenesis

Applied and Environmental Microbiology

Volumn 64, Issue 9, 1998, Pages 3127-3133

  Abu Kwaik, Yousef ^a   Gao, Lian Yong ^a   Stone, Barbara J ^a   Venkataraman, Chandrasekar ^a   Harb, Omar S ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

IRON;

CELL DIVISION; CELL KILLING; ECOLOGY; HOST PARASITE INTERACTION; LEGIONELLA PNEUMOPHILA; LEGIONNAIRE DISEASE; NONHUMAN; PHAGOSOME; PROTOZOON; REVIEW;

BACTERIA (MICROORGANISMS); LEGIONELLA PNEUMOPHILA; PROTOZOA;

EID: 0013565555     PISSN: 00992240     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1128/aem.64.9.3127-3133.1998     Document Type: Review

References (49)

1. Abu Kwaik, Y. 1996. The phagosome containing Legionella pneumophila within the protozoan Hartmannella vermiformis is surrounded by the rough endoplasmic reticulum. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 62:2022-2028.
2. Abu Kwaik, Y. 1998. Induced expression of the Legionella pneumophila gene encoding a 20-kilodalton protein during intracellular infection. Infect. Immun. 66:203-212.
3. Abu Kwaik, Y., B. I. Eisenstein, and N. C. Engleberg. 1993. Phenotypic modulation by Legionella pneumophila upon infection of macrophages. Infect. Immun. 61:1320-1329.
4. Abu Kwaik, Y., and N. C. Engleberg. 1994. Cloning and molecular characterization of a Legionella pneumophila gene induced by intracellular infection and by various in vitro stress stimuli. Mol. Microbiol. 13:243-251.
5. Abu Kwaik, Y., B. S. Fields, and N. C. Engleberg. 1994. Protein expression by the protozoan Hartmannella vermiformis upon contact with its bacterial parasite Legionella pneumophila. Infect. Immun. 62:1860-1866.
6. Abu Kwaik, Y., L.-Y. Gao, O. S. Harb, and B. J. Stone. 1997. Transcriptional regulation of the macrophage-induced gene (gspA) of Legionella pneumophila and phenotypic characterization of a null mutant. Mol. Microbiol. 24:629-642.
7. Abu Kwaik, Y., and L. L. Pederson. 1996. The use of differential display-PCR to isolate and characterize a Legionella pneumophila locus induced during the intracellular infection of macrophages. Mol. Microbiol. 21:543-556.
8. Abu Kwaik, Y., C. Venkataraman, O. S. Harb, and L.-Y. Gao. 1998. Signal transduction in the protozoan host Hartmannella vermiformis upon attachment and invasion by Legionella micdadei. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 64: 3134-3139.
9. Adams, S. A., S. C. Robson, V. Gathiram, T. F. H. G. Jackson, T. S. Pillay, R. E. Kirsch, and M. W. Makgoba. 1993. Immunological similarity between the 170 kDa amoebic adherence glycoprotein and human β2 integrins. Lancet 341:17-19
10. Adeleke, A., J. Pruckler, R. Benson, T. Rowbotham, M. Halablab, and B. S. Fields. 1996. Legionella-like amoebal pathogens - phylogenetic status and possible role in respiratory disease. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 2:225-229.
11. Barker, J., M. R. W. Brown, P. J. Collier, I. Farrell, and P. Gilbert. 1992. Relationship between Legionella pneumophila and Acanthamobea polyphag: physiological status and susceptibility to chemical inactivation. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 58:2420-2425.
12. Barker, J., P. A. Lambert, and M. R. W. Brown. 1993. Influence of intraamoebic and other growth conditions on the surface properties of Legionella pneumophila. Infect. Immun. 61:3503-3510.
13. Barker, J., H. Scaife, and M. R. W. Brown. 1995. Intraphagocytic growth induces an antibiotic-resistant phenotype of Legionella pneumophila. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 39:2684-2688.
14. Berk, S. G., R. S. Ting, G. W. Turner, and R. J. Ashburn. 1998. Production of respirable vesicles containing live Legionella pneumophila cells by two Acanthamoeba spp. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 64:279-286.
15. Bozue, J. A., and W. Johnson. 1996. Interaction of Legionella pneumophila with Acanthamoeba castellanii: uptake by coiling phagocytosis and inhibition of phagosome-lysosome fusion. Infect. Immun. 64:668-673.
16. Brieland, J. K., J. C. Fantone, D. G. Remick, M. LeGendre, M. McClain, and N. C. Engleberg. 1997. The role of Legionella pneumophila-infected Hartmanella vermiformis as an infectious particle in a murine model of Legionnaires' disease. Infect. Immun. 65:4892-4896.
17. Cianciotto, N. P., B. I. Eisenstein, C. H. Mody, G. B. Toews, and N. C. Engleberg. 1989. A Legionella pneumophila gene encoding a species-specific surface protein potentiates initiation of intracellular infection. Infect. Immun. 57:1255-1262.
18. Cianciotto, N. P., and B. S. Fields. 1992. Legionella pneumophila mip gene potentiates intracellular infection of protozoa and human macrophages. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89:5188-5191.
19. Cirillo, J. D., L. S. Tompkins, and S. Falkow. 1994. Growth of Legionella pneumophila in Acanthamoeba castellanii enhances invasion. Infect. Immun. 62:3254-3261.
20. Fields, B. S. 1993. Legionella and protozoa: interaction of a pathogen and its natural host, p. 129-136. In J. M. Barbaree, R. F. Breiman, and A. P. Dufour (ed.), Legionella: current status and emerging perspectives. American Society for Microbiology, Washington, D.C.
21. Fields, B. S. 1996. The molecular ecology of legionellae. Trends. Microbiol. 4:286-290.
22. Fields, B. S., T. A. Nerad, T. K. Sawyer, C. H. King, J. M. Barbaree, W. T. Martin, W. E. Morrill, and G. N. Sanden. 1990. Characterization of an axenic strain of Hartmannella vermiformis obtained from an investigation of nosocomial legionellosis. J. Protozool. 37:581-583.
23. Fraser, D. W., T. R. Tsai, W. Orenstein, W. E. Parkin, H. J. Beecham, R. G. Sharrar, J. Harris, G. F. Mallison, S. M. Martin, J. E. McDade, C. C. Shepard, and P. S. Brachman. 1977. Legionnaires' disease: description of an epidemic of pneumonia. N. Engl. J. Med. 297:1189-1197.
24. Gao, L.-Y., M. Gutzman, J. K. Brieland, and Y. Abu Kwaik. Different fates of Legionella pneumophila mutants within human-derived macrophages and alveolar epithelial cells. Submitted for publication.
25. Gao, L.-Y., O. S. Harb, and Y. Abu Kwaik. 1997. Utilization of similar mechanisms by Legionella pneumophila to parasitize two evolutionary distant hosts, mammalian and protozoan cells. Infect. Immun. 65:4738-4746.
26. Gao, L.-Y., O. S. Harb, and Y. Abu Kwaik. 1998. Identification of macrophage-specific infectivity loci (mil) of Legionella pneumophila that are not required for infectivity of protozoa. Infect. Immun. 66:883-892.
27. Harb, O. S., and Y. Abu Kwaik. 1998. Identification of the aspartate-βsemialdehyde dehydrogenase gene of Legionella pneumophila and characterization of a null mutant. Infect. Immun. 66:1898-1903.
28. Harb, O. S., C. Venkataraman, B. J. Haack, L.-Y. Gao, and Y. Abu Kwaik. 1998. Heterogeneity in the attachment and uptake mechanisms of the Legionnaires' disease bacterium, Legionella pneumophila, by protozoan hosts. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 64:126-132.
29. Hickey, E. K., and N. P. Cianciotto. 1997. An iron- and Fur-repressed Legionella pneumophila gene that promotes intracellular infection and encodes a protein with similarity to the Escherichia coli aerobactin synthetase. Infect. Immun. 65:133-143.
30. Horwitz, M. A. 1983. Formation of a novel phagosome by the Legionnaires' disease bacterium (Legionella pneumophila) in human monocytes. J. Exp. Med. 158:1319-1331.
31. Husmann, L. K., and W. Johnson. 1994. Cytotoxicity of extracellular Legionella pneumophila. Infect. Immun. 62:2111-2114.
32. Jacob, T., J. C. Escallier, M. V. Sanguedolce, C. Chicheportiche, P. Bongrand, C. Capo, and J. L. Mege. 1994. Legionella pneumophila inhibits Superoxide generation in human monocytes via the down-modulation of a and β protein kinase C isotypes. J. Leukoc. Biol. 55:310-312.
33. King, C. H., B. S. Fields, E. B. Shotts, Jr., and E. H. White. 1991. Effects of cytochalasin D and methylamine on intracellular growth of Legionella pneumophila in amoebae and human monocyte-like cells. Infect. Immun. 59:758-763.
34. Kirby, J. E., J. P. Vogel, H. L. Andrews, and R. R. Isberg. 1998 . Evidence for pore-forming ability by Legionella pneumophila. Mol. Microbiol. 27:323-336.
35. Mann, B. J., B. E. Torian, T. S. Vedvick, and W. A. Petri, Jr. 1991. Sequence of a cysteine-rich galactose-specific lectin of Entamoeba histolytica. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88:3248-3252.
36. McDade, J. E., C. C. Shepard, D. W. Fraser, T. R. Tsai, M. A. Redus, and W. R. Dowdle. 1977. Legionnaires' disease: isolation of a bacterium and demonstration of its role in other respiratory disease. N. Engl. J. Med. 297:1197-1203.
37. Muller, A., J. Hacker, and B. C. Brand. 1996. Evidence for apoptosis of human macrophage-like HL-60 cells by Legionella pneumophila infection. Infect. Immun. 64:4900-4906.
38. O'Brein, S. J., and R. S. Bhopal. 1993. Legionnaires' disease: the infective dose paradox. Lancet 342:5-6.
39. Pope, C. D., W. A. O'Connell, and N. P. Cianciotto. 1996. Legionella pneumophila mutants that are defective for iron acquisition and assimilation and intracellular infection. Infect. Immun. 64:629-636.
40. Rowbotham, T. J. 1980. Preliminary report on the pathogenicity of Legionella pneumophila for freshwater and soil amoebae. J. Clin. Pathol. 33:1179-1183.
41. Salvesen, G. S., and V. M. Dixit. 1998. Caspases: intracellular signaling by proteolysis. Cell 91:443-446.
42. Steinert, M., L. Emody, R. Amana, and J. Hacker. 1997. Resuscitation of viable but nonculturable Legionella pneumophila Philadelphia JR32 by Acanthamoeba castellanii. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 63:2047-2053.
43. Stone, B. J., and Y. Abu Kwaik. Natural competency for DNA uptake by Legionella pneumophila and its association with expression of type IV pili. Submitted for publication.
44. Stone, B. J., and Y. Abu Kwaik. 1998. Expression of multiple pili by Legionella pneumophila: identification and characterization of a type IV pilin gene and its role in adherence to mammalian and protozoan cells. Infect. Immun. 66:1768-1775.
45. Swanson, M. S., and R. R. Isberg. 1995. Formation of the Legionella pneumophila replicative phagosome. Infect. Agents Dis. 2:269-271.
46. Venkataraman, C., L.-Y. Gao, S. Bondada, and Y. Abu Kwaik. 1998. Identification of cytoskeletal proteins in the protozoan Hartmannella vermiformis as substrates for induced tyrosine phosphatase activity mediated by attachment and invasion by the Legionnaires' disease bacterium, Legionella pneumophila. J. Exp. Med. 188:1-10.
47. Venkataraman, C., B. J. Haack, S, Bondada, and Y. Abu Kwaik. 1997. Identification of a Gal/GalNAc lectin in the protozoan Hartmannella vermiformis as a potential receptor for attachment and invasion by the Legionnaires' disease bacterium, Legionella pneumophila. J. Exp. Med. 186:537-547.
48. Vogel, J. P., H. L. Andrews, S. K. Wong, and R. R. Isberg. 1998. Conjugative transfer by the virulence system of Legionella pneumophila. Science 279:873-876.
49. Wintermeyer, E., B. Ludwig, M. Steinert, B. Schmidt, G. Fischer, and J. Hacker. 1995. Influence of site specifically altered Mip proteins on intracellular survival of Legionella pneumophila in eukaryotic cells. Infect. Immun. 63:4576-4583.