Resuscitation of viable but nonculturable Legionella pneumophila philadelphia JR32 by Acanthamoeba castellanii

Applied and Environmental Microbiology

Volumn 63, Issue 5, 1997, Pages 2047-2053

  Steinert, Michael ^a,c   Emödy, Levente ^d   Amann, Rudolf ^b   Hacker, Jörg ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WÜRZBURG   (Germany)

^b TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF MUNICH   (Germany)

^c NATIONAL CENTER FOR EMERGING AND ZOONOTIC INFECTIOUS DISEASES   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF PÉCS   (Hungary)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACANTHAMOEBA CASTELLANII; ARTICLE; BACTERIAL GROWTH; BACTERIUM CULTURE; CELL SURVIVAL; CELL VIABILITY; COLONY FORMING UNIT; GROWTH STIMULATION; HUMAN; HUMAN CELL; LEGIONELLA PNEUMOPHILA; LEGIONNAIRE DISEASE;

ACANTHAMOEBA CASTELLANII; ANIMALIA; BACTERIA (MICROORGANISMS); CAVIA; LEGIONELLA PNEUMOPHILA;

EID: 0344004080     PISSN: 00992240     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1128/aem.63.5.2047-2053.1997     Document Type: Article

References (46)

1. Amann, R. I., L. Krumholz, and D. A. Stahl. 1990. Fluorescent oligonucleotide probing of whole cells for determinative, phylogenetic and environmental studies in microbiology. J. Bacteriol. 172:762-770.
2. Barker, J., P. A. Lambert, and M. R. W. Brown. 1993. Influence of intraamoebic and other growth conditions on the surface properties of Legionella pneumophila. Infect. Immun. 61:3503-3510.
3. Berger, K. H., and R. R. Isberg. 1993. Two distinct defects in intracellular growth complemented by a single genetic locus in Legionella pneumophila. Mol. Microbiol. 7:7-19.
4. Berger, K. H., J. J. Merriam, and R. R. Isberg. 1994. Altered intracellular targeting properties associated with mutations in the Legionella pneumophila dotA gene. Mol. Microbiol. 14:809-822.
5. Bozue, J. A., and W. Johnson. 1996. Interaction of Legionella pneumophila with Acanthamoeba castellanii: uptake by coiling phagocytosis and inhibition of phagosome-lysosome fusion. Infect. Immun. 64:668-673.
6. Brand, B. C., A. B. Sadosky, and H. A. Shuman. 1994. The Legionella pneumophila icm locus: a set of genes required for intracellular multiplication in human macrophages. Mol. Microbiol. 14:797-808.
7. Cianciotto, N. P., B. I. Eisenstein, C. H. Mody, G. B. Toews, and N. C. Engleberg. 1989. A Legionella pneumophila gene encoding a species-specific surface protein potentiates initiation of intracellular infection. Infect. Immun. 57:1255-1262.
8. Cianciotto, N. P., B. I. Eisenstein, C. H. Mody, G. B. Toews, and N. C. Engleberg. 1990. A mutation in the mip-gene results in an attenuation of Legionella pneumophila virulence. J. Infect. Dis. 162:121-126.
9. Cianciotto, N. P., and B. S. Fields. 1992. Legionella pneumophila mip gene potentiates intracellular infection of protozoa and human macrophages. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89:5188-5191.
10. England, A. C., D. W. Fraser, G. F. Mallison, D. C. Mackel, P. Skaliy, and G. W. Gorman. 1982. Failure to predict culture results from disinfectant-treated air conditioning cooling towers. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 43:240-244.
11. Fields, B. S. 1996. The molecular ecology of legionellae. Trends Microbiol. 7:286-290.
12. Fraser, D. W. 1984. Legionellosis: evidence of airborne transmission. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 353:61-66.
13. Hobbie, J. E., R. Daley, and S. Jasper. 1977. Use of Nuclepore filters for counting bacteria by fluorescent microscopy. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 33: 1225-1228.
14. Hoge, C. W., and R. F. Breiman. 1991. Advances in the epidemiology and control of Legionella infections. Epidemiol. Rev. 13:329-340.
15. Horwitz, M. A. 1983. The Legionnaires' disease bacterium (Legionella pneumophila) inhibits phagosome-lysosome fusion in human monocytes. J. Exp. Med. 158:2108-2126.
16. Horwitz, M. A. 1987. Characterization of avirulent mutant Legionella pneumophila that survive but do not multiply within human monocytes. J. Exp. Med. 166:1310-1328.
17. Hussong, D., R. R. Colwell, M. O'Brien, E. Weiss, A. D. Pearson, R. M. Weiner, and W. D. Burge. 1987. Viable Legionella pneumophila not culturable by culture on agar medium. Bio/Technology 5:947-950.
18. Katz, S. M., and J. P. Malus. 1985. Animal models of legionellosis, p. 120-132. In S. M. Katz (ed.), Legionellosis, vol. II. CRC Press. Inc., Boca Raton, Fla.
19. Kilvington, S., and J. Price. 1990. Survival of Legionella pneumophila within cysts of Acanthamoeba polyphaga following chlorine exposure. J. Appl. Bacteriol. 68:519-525.
20. Kuchta, J. M., J. S. Navratil, M. E. Shepherd, R. M. Wadowsky, J. N. Dowling, S. J. States, and R. B. Yee. 1993. Impact of chlorine and heat on the survival of Hartmannella vermiformis and subsequent growth of Legionella pneumophila. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 59:4096-4100.
21. Lee, J. V., and A. A. West. 1991. Survival and growth of Legionella species in the environment. J. Appl. Bacteriol. Symp. Suppl. 70:121-129.
22. Manz, W., R. Amann, R. Szewzyk, U. Szewzyk, T. A. Stenström, P. Hutzler, and K. H. Schleifer. 1995. In situ identification of Legionellaceae using 16 rRNA-targeted oligonucleotide probes and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Microbiology 141:29-39.
23. Marra, A., and H. A. Shumann. 1989. Isolation of a Legionella pneumophila restriction mutant with increased ability to act as recipient in heterospecific matings. J. Bacteriol. 171:2238-2240.
24. Moffat, J. F., and L. S. Tompkins. 1992. A qualitative model of intracellular growth of Legionella pneumophila in Acanthamoeba castellanii. Infect. Immun. 60:296-301.
25. Morgan, J. A., W. G. Rhodes, and R. W. Pickup. 1993. Survival of nonculturable Aeromonas salmonicida in lake water. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 59:874-880.
26. Newsome, A. L., R. L. Baker, R. D. Miller, and R. R. Arnold. 1985. Interaction between Naegleria fowleri and Legionella pneumophila. Infect. Immun. 50:449-452.
27. Nilsson, L., J. D. Oliver, and S. Kjelleberg. 1991. Rescuscitation of Vibrio vulnificus from the viable but nonculturable state. J. Bacteriol. 173:5054-5059.
28. Oliver, J. D. 1993. Formation of viable but nonculturable cells, p. 239-271. In S. Kjelleberg (ed.), Starvation in bacteria. Plenum Press, New York, N.Y.
29. Oliver, J. D., F. Hite, D. McDougald, N. L. Andon, and L. M. Simpson. 1995. Entry into, and resuscitation from, the viable but nonculturable state by Vibrio vulnificus in an estuarine environment. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 61:2624-2630.
30. Oliver, J. D., and R. Bockian. 1995. In vivo resuscitation, and virulence towards mice, of viable but nonculturable cells of Vibrio vulnificus. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 61:2620-2623.
31. Paszko-Kolva, C., M. Shahamat, and R. R. Colwell. 1992. Long term survival of Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 under low-nutrient conditions and associated morphological changes. FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. 102:45-55.
32. Pope, C. D., W. A. O'Connell, and N. P. Cianciotto. 1996. Legionella pneumophila mutants that are defective for iron acquisition and assimilation and intraccllular infection. Infect. Immun. 64:629-636.
33. Preyer, J. M., and J. D. Oliver. 1993. Starvation-induced thermal tolerance as a survival mechanism in a psychrophilic marine bacterium. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 59:2653-2656.
34. Rahman, I., M. Shahamat, A. Kirchman, E. Russek-Cohen, and R. R. Colwell. 1994. Methionine uptake and cytopathogenicity of viable but nonculturable Shigella dysenteriae type 1. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 60:3573-3578.
35. Rahman, I., M. Shahamat, M. A. R Chowdhury, and R. R. Colwell. 1996. Potential virulence of viable but nonculturable Shigella dysenteriae type 1. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 62:115-120.
36. Rogers, J., A. B. Dowsett, P. J. Dennis, J. V. Lee, and C. W. Keevil. 1994. Influence of plumbing materials on biofilm formation and growth of Legionella pneumophila in potable water systems. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 60: 1842-1851.
37. Rollins, D. M., and R. R. Colwell. 1986. Viable but nonculturable stage of Campylobacter jejuni and its role in survival in the aquatic environment. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 52:531-538.
38. Rowbotham, T. J. 1980. Preliminary report on the pathogenecity of Legionella pneumophila for freshwater and soil amoebae. J. Clin. Pathol. 33:1179-1183.
39. Rowbotham, T. J. 1983. Isolation of Legionella pneumophila from clinical specimens via amoebae, and the interaction of those and other isolates with amoebae. J. Clin. Pathol. 36:978-986.
40. Sanden, G. N., W. E. Morrill, B. S. Fields, R. F. Breiman, and J. M. Barbaree. 1992. Incubation of water samples containing amoebae improves detection of legionellae by culture method. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 58: 2001-2004.
41. Steinert, M., M. Ott, P. C. Lück, E. Tannich, and J. Hacker. 1994. Studies on the uptake and intracellular replication of Legionella pneumophila in protozoa and in macrophage-like cells. FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. 15:299-308.
42. Wadowsky, R. M., L. J. Butler, M. K. Cook, S. M. Verma, M. A. Paul, B. S. Fields, G. Keleti, J. L. Sykora, and R. B. Yee. 1988. Growth-supporting activity of Legionella pneumophila in tap water cultures and implication of hartmannellid amoebae as growth factors. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 54: 2677-2682.
43. West, A. A., J. Rodgers, J. V. Lee, and C. W. Keevil. 1993. Lack of dormancy in Legionella pneumophila? p. 201-203. In J. M. Barbaree, R. F. Breiman, and P. Dufour (ed.), Legionella: current status and emerging perspectives. American Society for Microbiology, Washington, D.C.
44. Winn, W. C. 1986. Legionnaires' disease: a historical perspective. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 1:60-81.
45. Wintermeyer, E., M. Flügel, M. Ott, M. Steinert, U. Rdest, K. Mann, and J. Hacker. 1994. Sequence determination and mutational analysis of the lly locus of Legionella pneumophila. Infect. Immun. 62:1109-1117.
46. Wintermeyer, E., B. Ludwig, M. Steinert, B. Schmitt, G. Fischer, and J. Hacker. 1995. Influence of site specific altered Mip proteins on intracellular survival of Legionella pneumophila in eukaryotic cells. Infect. Immun. 63: 4576-4583.