Directed evolution: Creating biocatalysts for the future

Chemical Engineering Science

Volumn 51, Issue 23, 1996, Pages 5091-5102

  Arnold, Frances H ^a  

^a California Institute of Technology   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AMINO ACIDS; DNA SEQUENCES; GENETIC ENGINEERING; MUTAGENESIS; RANDOM PROCESSES; SCREENING;

DARWINIAN EVOLUTION; PROTEIN ENGINEERING; RANDOM MUTAGENESIS;

ENZYMES;

EID: 0030483509     PISSN: 00092509     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0009-2509(96)00288-6     Document Type: Article

References (14)

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2. Brannon, D. R., Mabe, J. A. and Fukuda, D. S., 1976, Deesterification of cephalosporin para-nitrobenzyl esters by microbial enzymes. J. Antibiotics 29, 121-124.
3. Chen, K. and Arnold, F. H., 1993, Tuning the activity of an enzyme for unusual environments: sequential random mutagenesis of subtilisin E for catalysis in dimethyl-formamide. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 90, 5618-5622.
4. Chen, K. and Arnold, F. H., 1991, Enzyme engineering for nonaqueous solvents: random mutagenesis to enhance activity of subtilisin E in polar organic media. Biotechnology 9, 1073-1077.
5. Dauter, Z., Betzel, C., Genov, N., Pipon, N. and Wilson, K. S., 1991, Complex between the subtilisin from a mesophilic bacterium and the leech inhibitor eglin-C. Acta Crystallogr. B47, 707-730.
6. Korndoerfer, I., Steipe, B., Huber, R., Tomschy, A. and Jaenicke, R., 1995, The crystal structure of holo-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase from the hyperthermophilic bacterium Thermotoga maritima at 2.5 Å resolution. J. Mol. Biol. 246, 511-521.
7. Moore, J. and Arnold, F. H., 1996, Directed evolution of a p-nitrobenzyl esterase for aqueous-organic solvents. Nature Biotechnol. 14, 458-467.
8. Reardon, D. and Farber, G. K., 1995, Protein motifs 4. The structure and evolution of α/β barrel proteins. FASEB J. 9, 497-503.
9. Scanlan, T. S. and Reid, R. C., 1995, Evolution in action. Chem. Biol. 2, 71-75.
10. Skarzynski, T., Moody, P. C. E. and Wonacott, A. J., 1987, Structure of holo-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate behydrogenase from Bacillus stearothermophilus at 1.8 Å resolution. J. Mol. Biol. 193, 171-187.
11. Stemmer, W. P. C., 1994a, DNA shuffling by random mutagenesis and reassembly: in vitro recombination for molecular evolution. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 91, 10,747-10,751.
12. Stemmer, W. P. C., 1994b, Rapid evolution of a protein in vitro by DNA shuffling. Nature 340, 389-391.
13. You, L. and Arnold, F. H., 1996, Directed evolution of subtilisin E in Bacillus subtilis to enhance total activity in aqueous dimethylformamide. Protein Engng 9, 77-83.
14. Zock, J., Cantwell, C., Swartling, J., Hodges, R., Pohl, T., Sutton, K., Rosteck, P. Jr., McGilvray, D. and Queener, S., 1994, The Bacillus subtilis pnbA gene encoding p-nitrobenzyl esterase: cloning, sequence and high-level expression in E. coli. Gene 151, 37-43.