Urbach-Martienssen tails in a wurtzite GaN epilayer

Applied Physics Letters

Volumn 70, Issue 25, 1997, Pages 3440-3442

  Chichibu, S ^a   Mizutani, T ^a   Shioda, T ^a   Nakanishi, H ^a   Deguchi, T ^b   Azuhata, T ^b,d   Sota, T ^b   Nakamura, S ^c  

^a TOKYO UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE   (Japan)

^b WASEDA UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

^c NICHIA CORPORATION   (Japan)

^d INSTITUTE FOR MOLECULAR SCIENCE   (Japan)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0000409834     PISSN: 00036951     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1063/1.119196     Document Type: Article

References (38)

1. S. Nakamura, M. Senoh, S. Nagahama, N. Iwasa, T. Yamada, and T. ukai, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 35, L74 (1996); 35, L217 (1996); Appl. Phys, Lett. 68, 3268 (1996); 69, 1477 (1996); 69, 1568 (1996); 69, 3034 (1996); 69, 4056 (1996); Proceedings of the MRS '96 Fall Meeting, Vol. 449, p. 1135 (1997).
2. S. Nakamura, M. Senoh, S. Nagahama, N. Iwasa, T. Yamada, and T. ukai, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 35, L74 (1996); 35, L217 (1996); Appl. Phys, Lett. 68, 3268 (1996); 69, 1477 (1996); 69, 1568 (1996); 69, 3034 (1996); 69, 4056 (1996); Proceedings of the MRS '96 Fall Meeting, Vol. 449, p. 1135 (1997).
3. S. Nakamura, M. Senoh, S. Nagahama, N. Iwasa, T. Yamada, and T. ukai, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 35, L74 (1996); 35, L217 (1996); Appl. Phys, Lett. 68, 3268 (1996); 69, 1477 (1996); 69, 1568 (1996); 69, 3034 (1996); 69, 4056 (1996); Proceedings of the MRS '96 Fall Meeting, Vol. 449, p. 1135 (1997).
4. S. Nakamura, M. Senoh, S. Nagahama, N. Iwasa, T. Yamada, and T. ukai, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 35, L74 (1996); 35, L217 (1996); Appl. Phys, Lett. 68, 3268 (1996); 69, 1477 (1996); 69, 1568 (1996); 69, 3034 (1996); 69, 4056 (1996); Proceedings of the MRS '96 Fall Meeting, Vol. 449, p. 1135 (1997).
5. S. Nakamura, M. Senoh, S. Nagahama, N. Iwasa, T. Yamada, and T. ukai, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 35, L74 (1996); 35, L217 (1996); Appl. Phys, Lett. 68, 3268 (1996); 69, 1477 (1996); 69, 1568 (1996); 69, 3034 (1996); 69, 4056 (1996); Proceedings of the MRS '96 Fall Meeting, Vol. 449, p. 1135 (1997).
6. S. Nakamura, M. Senoh, S. Nagahama, N. Iwasa, T. Yamada, and T. ukai, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 35, L74 (1996); 35, L217 (1996); Appl. Phys, Lett. 68, 3268 (1996); 69, 1477 (1996); 69, 1568 (1996); 69, 3034 (1996); 69, 4056 (1996); Proceedings of the MRS '96 Fall Meeting, Vol. 449, p. 1135 (1997).
7. S. Nakamura, M. Senoh, S. Nagahama, N. Iwasa, T. Yamada, and T. ukai, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 35, L74 (1996); 35, L217 (1996); Appl. Phys, Lett. 68, 3268 (1996); 69, 1477 (1996); 69, 1568 (1996); 69, 3034 (1996); 69, 4056 (1996); Proceedings of the MRS '96 Fall Meeting, Vol. 449, p. 1135 (1997).
8. S. Nakamura, M. Senoh, S. Nagahama, N. Iwasa, T. Yamada, and T. ukai, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 35, L74 (1996); 35, L217 (1996); Appl. Phys, Lett. 68, 3268 (1996); 69, 1477 (1996); 69, 1568 (1996); 69, 3034 (1996); 69, 4056 (1996); Proceedings of the MRS '96 Fall Meeting, Vol. 449, p. 1135 (1997).
9. I. Akasaki, S. Sota, H. Sakai, T. Tanaka, M. Koike, and H. Amano, Electron. Lett. 32, 1105 (1996).
10. K. Itaya et al., Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 35, L1315 (1996).
11. For 3D InGaN light-emitting diodes, see S. Nakamura, T. Mukai, and M. Senoh, Appl. Phys. Lett. 64, 1687 (1994); J. Appl. Phys. 76, 8189 (1994); S. Nakamura, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 13, 705 (1995). For the InGaN QW ones, see S. Nakamura, M. Senoh, N. Iwasa, S. Nagahama, T. Yamada, and T. Mukai, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 34, L1334 (1995).
12. For 3D InGaN light-emitting diodes, see S. Nakamura, T. Mukai, and M. Senoh, Appl. Phys. Lett. 64, 1687 (1994); J. Appl. Phys. 76, 8189 (1994); S. Nakamura, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 13, 705 (1995). For the InGaN QW ones, see S. Nakamura, M. Senoh, N. Iwasa, S. Nagahama, T. Yamada, and T. Mukai, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 34, L1334 (1995).
13. For 3D InGaN light-emitting diodes, see S. Nakamura, T. Mukai, and M. Senoh, Appl. Phys. Lett. 64, 1687 (1994); J. Appl. Phys. 76, 8189 (1994); S. Nakamura, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 13, 705 (1995). For the InGaN QW ones, see S. Nakamura, M. Senoh, N. Iwasa, S. Nagahama, T. Yamada, and T. Mukai, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 34, L1334 (1995).
14. For 3D InGaN light-emitting diodes, see S. Nakamura, T. Mukai, and M. Senoh, Appl. Phys. Lett. 64, 1687 (1994); J. Appl. Phys. 76, 8189 (1994); S. Nakamura, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 13, 705 (1995). For the InGaN QW ones, see S. Nakamura, M. Senoh, N. Iwasa, S. Nagahama, T. Yamada, and T. Mukai, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 34, L1334 (1995).
15. S. Chichibu, T. Azuhata, T. Sota, and S. Nakamura, Appl. Phys. Lett. 70, 2822 (1997).
16. S. Chichibu, T. Azuhata, T. Sota, and S. Nakamura, Abstracts of the 38th Electronics Materials Conference, Santa Barbara, CA, June 26-28, 1996, Late News Paper W-10; Appl. Phys. Lett. 69, 4188 (1996); Proceedings of the MRS '96 Fall Meeting (MRS, Pittsburgh, PA, 1997), Vol. 449, p. 653.
17. S. Chichibu, T. Azuhata, T. Sota, and S. Nakamura, Abstracts of the 38th Electronics Materials Conference, Santa Barbara, CA, June 26-28, 1996, Late News Paper W-10; Appl. Phys. Lett. 69, 4188 (1996); Proceedings of the MRS '96 Fall Meeting (MRS, Pittsburgh, PA, 1997), Vol. 449, p. 653.
18. S. Chichibu, T. Azuhata, T. Sota, and S. Nakamura, Abstracts of the 38th Electronics Materials Conference, Santa Barbara, CA, June 26-28, 1996, Late News Paper W-10; Appl. Phys. Lett. 69, 4188 (1996); Proceedings of the MRS '96 Fall Meeting (MRS, Pittsburgh, PA, 1997), Vol. 449, p. 653.
19. S. J. Sheih, T. Tsen, D. K. Ferry, A. Botchkarev, B. Sverdlov, A. Salvador, and H. Morkoc, Appl. Phys. Lett. 67, 1757 (1995).
20. S. Chichibu, T. Azuhata, T. Sota, and S. Nakamura, J. Appl. Phys. 79, 2784 (1996); Proceedings of the International Symposium on Blue Laser and Light Emitting Diodes, Ohmusha, Tokyo, 1996, p. 202.
21. S. Chichibu, T. Azuhata, T. Sota, and S. Nakamura, J. Appl. Phys. 79, 2784 (1996); Proceedings of the International Symposium on Blue Laser and Light Emitting Diodes, Ohmusha, Tokyo, 1996, p. 202.
22. S. Chichibu, H. Okumura, S. Nakamura, G. Feuillet, T. Azuhata, T. Sota, and S. Yoshida, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 36, 1976 (1997).
23. T. Azuhata, T. Sota, K. Suzuki, and S. Nakamura, J. Phys., Contiens. Matter. 7, L129 (1995).
24. T. Azuhata, T. Matsunaga, K. Shimada, K. Yoshida, T. Sota, K. Suzuki, and S. Nakamura, Physica B 219&220, 493 (1996).
25. H. Amano, N. Watanabe, N. Kiode, and I. Akasaki, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 32, L1000 (1993).
26. F. Urbach, Phys. Rev. 92, 1324 (1953).
27. H. W. Martienssen, J. Phys. Chem. Solids 2, 257 (1957).
28. Important references are cited in our previous paper, T. Shioda, S. Chichibu, T. Irie, H. Nakanishi, and T. Kariya, J. Appl. Phys. 80, 1106 (1996); for example, theoretical approaches are given by M. V. Kurik, Phys. Status Solidi A 8, 9 (1971); H. Sumi and A. Sumi, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 31, 342 (1971).
29. Important references are cited in our previous paper, T. Shioda, S. Chichibu, T. Irie, H. Nakanishi, and T. Kariya, J. Appl. Phys. 80, 1106 (1996); for example, theoretical approaches are given by M. V. Kurik, Phys. Status Solidi A 8, 9 (1971); H. Sumi and A. Sumi, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 31, 342 (1971).
30. Important references are cited in our previous paper, T. Shioda, S. Chichibu, T. Irie, H. Nakanishi, and T. Kariya, J. Appl. Phys. 80, 1106 (1996); for example, theoretical approaches are given by M. V. Kurik, Phys. Status Solidi A 8, 9 (1971); H. Sumi and A. Sumi, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 31, 342 (1971).
31. J. Shah and R. F. Lehenry, in Semiconductors Probed by Ultrafast Lasers Spectroscopy, edited by R. R. Alfano (Academic, Orlando, FL, 1984), p.45.
32. K.-J. Kwon, Y. H. Lee, O. Miki, H. Yamano, and A. Yoshida, Appl. Phys. Lett. 69, 937 (1996).
33. J. Kovac, H. Schweizer, M. H. Pilkuhn, and H. Nickel, Phys. Rev. B 54, 13440 (1996).
34. G. D. Cody, T. Tiedje, B. Abeles, and Y. Goldstein, Phys. Rev. Lett. 47, 1480 (1981).
35. E. Ejder, Phys. Status Solidi A 6, 445 (1971).
36. O. Manasreh, Phys. Rev. B 53, 16425 (1996).
37. Y. P. Varshni, Physica (Amsterdam) 34, 149 (1967).
38. G. D. Cody, in Hydrogenated Amorphous Silicon, edited by J. I. Pankov, Semiconductors and Semimetals (Academic, New York, 1984), Vol. 21(b), Chap. 2, pp. 11-79.