Pemphigus

Dental Clinics of North America

Volumn 49, Issue 1 SPEC.ISS., 2005, Pages 107-125

  Ettlin, Dominik A ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ZURICH   (Switzerland)

^b NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AZATHIOPRINE; CORTICOSTEROID; CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE DERIVATIVE; CYCLOSPORIN; DAPSONE; GOLD; RITUXIMAB;

ANTIGEN EXPRESSION; AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE; CLINICAL FEATURE; CORRELATION ANALYSIS; DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; ENZYME LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY; HISTOPATHOLOGY; HUMAN; IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE; LABORATORY TEST; NONHUMAN; PARANEOPLASTIC PEMPHIGUS; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PEMPHIGOID; PEMPHIGUS VULGARIS; PLASMAPHERESIS; PUVA; REVIEW; SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS; TISSUE SECTION;

EID: 9444223794     PISSN: 00118532     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.cden.2004.08.002     Document Type: Review

References (116)

1. O. Huber Structure and function of desmosomal proteins and their role in development and disease Cell Mol Life Sci 60 9 2003 1872 1890
2. A.P. Kowalczyk, E.A. Bornslaeger, S.M. Norvell, H.L. Palka, and K.J. Green Desmosomes: intercellular adhesive junctions specialized for attachment of intermediate filaments Int Rev Cytol 185 1999 237 302
3. C. Jamora, and E. Fuchs Intercellular adhesion, signalling and the cytoskeleton Nat Cell Biol 4 4 2002 E101 E108
4. D.R. Garrod, A.J. Merritt, and Z. Nie Desmosomal adhesion: structural basis, molecular mechanism and regulation [review] Mol Membr Biol 19 2 2002 81 94
5. M. Chidgey Desmosomes and disease: an update Histol Histopathol 17 4 2002 1179 1192
6. T. Hashimoto Recent advances in the study of the pathophysiology of pemphigus Arch Dermatol Res 295 Suppl 1 2003 S2 S11 Available at: http://springerlink.metapress.com/openurl.asp?genre=article&eissn= 1432-069X&volume=295&supp=1&spage=S2 Accessed January 25, 2004. Epub@2003 Jan 9.:S2-11
7. D.D. Stone Rectal lesions and toxic dilatation of the colon in a case of pemphigus vulgaris Am J Dig Dis 16 2 1971 163 166
8. D. Lubach, P. Reichart, and W. Wellmann [Oral manifestations during the concurrent appearance of pemphigus and ulcerative colitis] Dtsch Z Mund Kiefer Gesichtschir 8 4 1984 308 312
9. M. Schwermann, W. Lechner, C. Elsner, and T. Kirchner [Pemphigus vulgaris with involvement of duodenum and colon] Z Hautkr 63 2 1988 101 104
10. J.S. Prendiville, D.M. Israel, W.S. Wood, and J.E. Dimmick Oral pemphigus vulgaris associated with inflammatory bowel disease and herpetic gingivostomatitis in an 11-year-old girl Pediatr Dermatol 11 2 1994 145 150
11. B.A. Becker, and A.A. Gaspari Pemphigus vulgaris and vegetans Dermatol Clin 11 3 1993 429 452
12. A.R. Ahmed, J. Graham, R.E. Jordon, and T.T. Provost Pemphigus: current concepts Ann Intern Med 92 3 1980 396 405
13. S. Pisanti, Y. Sharav, E. Kaufman, and L.N. Posner Pemphigus vulgaris: incidence in Jews of different ethnic groups, according to age, sex, and initial lesion Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 38 3 1974 382 387
14. K.E. Harman, M.J. Gratian, B.S. Bhogal, S.J. Challacombe, and M.M. Black A study of desmoglein 1 autoantibodies in pemphigus vulgaris: racial differences in frequency and the association with a more severe phenotype Br J Dermatol 143 2 2000 343 348
15. M.S. Park, P.I. Terasaki, A.R. Ahmed, and J.L. Tiwari HLA-DRW4 in 91% of Jewish pemphigus vulgaris patients Lancet 2 8140 1979 441 442
16. A.L. Spinowitz, V.C. Fiedler-Weiss, T. Fu, and L.M. Solomon Pemphigus vulgaris in sisters J Am Acad Dermatol 15 1 1986 115 116
17. Z. Starzycki, T.P. Chorzelski, and S. Jablonska Familial pemphigus vulgaris in mother and daughter Int J Dermatol 37 3 1998 211 214
18. G.J. Anhalt, R.S. Labib, J.J. Voorhees, T.F. Beals, and L.A. Diaz Induction of pemphigus in neonatal mice by passive transfer of IgG from patients with the disease N Engl J Med 306 20 1982 1189 1196
19. K. Hashimoto, K.M. Shafran, P.S. Webber, G.S. Lazarus, and K.H. Singer Anti-cell surface pemphigus autoantibody stimulates plasminogen activator activity of human epidermal cells. A mechanism for the loss of epidermal cohesion and blister formation J Exp Med 157 1 1983 259 272
20. J.R. Schiltz, and B. Michel Production of epidermal acantholysis in normal human skin in vitro by the IgG fraction from pemphigus serum J Invest Dermatol 67 2 1976 254 260
21. M. Amagai, T. Hashimoto, N. Shimizu, and T. Nishikawa Absorption of pathogenic autoantibodies by the extracellular domain of pemphigus vulgaris antigen (Dsg3) produced by baculovirus J Clin Invest 94 1 1994 59 67
22. A. Kljuic, H. Bazzi, J.P. Sundberg, A. Martinez-Mir, R. O'Shaughnessy, and M.G. Mahoney Desmoglein 4 in hair follicle differentiation and epidermal adhesion: evidence from inherited hypotrichosis and acquired pemphigus vulgaris Cell 113 2 2003 249 260
23. V.T. Nguyen Experimental mouse model of pemphigus vulgaris: passive transfer of nondesmoglein 1 and 3 antibodies L.S. Chan Animal models of human inflammatory skin diseases 2004 CRC Press Boca Raton (FL) 285 305
24. M. Amagai, K. Tsunoda, D. Zillikens, T. Nagai, and T. Nishikawa The clinical phenotype of pemphigus is defined by the anti-desmoglein autoantibody profile J Am Acad Dermatol 40 2 Pt 1 1999 167 170
25. M.G. Mahoney, Z. Wang, K. Rothenberger, P.J. Koch, M. Amagai, and J.R. Stanley Explanations for the clinical and microscopic localization of lesions in pemphigus foliaceus and vulgaris J Clin Invest 103 4 1999 461 468
26. Y. Shirakata, M. Amagai, Y. Hanakawa, T. Nishikawa, and K. Hashimoto Lack of mucosal involvement in pemphigus foliaceus may be due to low expression of desmoglein 1 J Invest Dermatol 110 1 1998 76 78
27. P.J. Koch, M.G. Mahoney, H. Ishikawa, L. Pulkkinen, J. Uitto, and L. Shultz Targeted disruption of the pemphigus vulgaris antigen (desmoglein 3) gene in mice causes loss of keratinocyte cell adhesion with a phenotype similar to pemphigus vulgaris J Cell Biol 137 5 1997 1091 1102
28. J.R. Stanley, T. Nishikawa, L.A. Diaz, and M. Amagai Pemphigus: is there another half of the story? J Invest Dermatol 116 4 2001 489 490
29. S.A. Grando, M.R. Pittelkow, L.D. Shultz, M. Dmochowski, and V.T. Nguyen Pemphigus: an unfolding story J Invest Dermatol 117 4 2001 990 995
30. V.T. Nguyen, A. Ndoye, L.D. Shultz, M.R. Pittelkow, and S.A. Grando Antibodies against keratinocyte antigens other than desmogleins 1 and 3 can induce pemphigus vulgaris-like lesions J Clin Invest 106 12 2000 1467 1479
31. K.E. Harman, P.T. Seed, M.J. Gratian, B.S. Bhogal, S.J. Challacombe, and M.M. Black The severity of cutaneous and oral pemphigus is related to desmoglein 1 and 3 antibody levels Br J Dermatol 144 4 2001 775 780
32. K.E. Harman, M.J. Gratian, P.J. Shirlaw, B.S. Bhogal, S.J. Challacombe, and M.M. Black The transition of pemphigus vulgaris into pemphigus foliaceus: a reflection of changing desmoglein 1 and 3 autoantibody levels in pemphigus vulgaris Br J Dermatol 146 4 2002 684 687
33. R.W. Correll, and T.R. Schott Multiple, painful vesiculoulcerative lesions in the oral mucosa J Am Dent Assoc 110 5 1985 765 766
34. M. Meurer, J.L. Millns, R.S. Rogers III, and R.E. Jordon Oral pemphigus vulgaris. A report of ten cases Arch Dermatol 113 11 1977 1520 1524
35. D.J. Zegarelli, and E.V. Zegarelli Intraoral pemphigus vulgaris Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 44 3 1977 384 393
36. J.P. Handlers, A.M. Abrams, and R.J. Melrose Oral pathology: pemphigus vulgaris J Calif Dent Assoc 18 4 1990 68 69
37. A.R. Ahmed Clinical features of pemphigus Clin Dermatol 1 2 1983 13 21
38. A.J. Kanwar, and S. Dhar Oral pemphigus vulgaris Pediatr Dermatol 12 2 1995 195 197
39. N. Firth, A. Rich, G. Varigos, and P.C. Reade Oral pemphigus vulgaris in young adults Int J Dermatol 30 5 1991 352 356
40. G.M. Raghoebar, T.J. Brouwer, and C.J. Schoots Pemphigus vulgaris of the oral mucosa: report of two cases Quintessence Int 22 3 1991 199 202
41. P.J. Lamey, T.D. Rees, W.H. Binnie, J.M. Wright, K.V. Rankin, and N.B. Simpson Oral presentation of pemphigus vulgaris and its response to systemic steroid therapy Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 74 1 1992 54 57
42. D.A. Sirois, M. Fatahzadeh, R. Roth, and D. Ettlin Diagnostic patterns and delays in pemphigus vulgaris: experience with 99 patients Arch Dermatol 136 12 2000 1569 1570
43. T. Hashimoto Recent advances in the study of the pathophysiology of pemphigus Arch Dermatol Res 295 Suppl 1 2003 S2 S11
44. N. Ishii, A. Ishida-Yamamoto, and T. Hashimoto Immunolocalization of target autoantigens in IgA pemphigus Clin Exp Dermatol 29 1 2004 62 66
45. S.A. Grando Autoimmunity to keratinocyte acetylcholine receptors in pemphigus Dermatology 201 4 2000 290 295
46. Y. Nagata, T. Karashima, F.M. Watt, W. Salmhofer, T. Kanzaki, and T. Hashimoto Paraneoplastic pemphigus sera react strongly with multiple epitopes on the various regions of envoplakin and periplakin, except for the c-terminal homologous domain of periplakin J Invest Dermatol 116 4 2001 556 563
47. M. Amagai, K. Tsunoda, H. Suzuki, K. Nishifuji, S. Koyasu, and T. Nishikawa Use of autoantigen-knockout mice in developing an active autoimmune disease model for pemphigus J Clin Invest 105 5 2000 625 631
48. K. Tsunoda, T. Ota, H. Suzuki, M. Ohyama, T. Nagai, and T. Nishikawa Pathogenic autoantibody production requires loss of tolerance against desmoglein 3 in both T and B cells in experimental pemphigus vulgaris Eur J Immunol 32 3 2002 627 633
49. S. Brenner, A. Bialy-Golan, and V. Ruocco Drug-induced pemphigus Clin Dermatol 16 3 1998 393 397
50. G.J. Anhalt Drug-induced pemphigus Semin Dermatol 8 3 1989 166 172
51. V. Ruocco, S. Brenner, and M.L. Lombardi A case of diet-related pemphigus Dermatology 192 4 1996 373 374
52. E. Tur, and S. Brenner Diet and pemphigus: in pursuit of exogenous factors in pemphigus and fogo selvagem Arch Dermatol 134 11 1998 1406 1410
53. S. Brenner, E. Tur, J. Shapiro, V. Ruocco, M. D'Avino, and E. Ruocco Pemphigus vulgaris: environmental factors. Occupational, behavioral, medical, and qualitative food frequency questionnaire Int J Dermatol 40 9 2001 562 569
54. D. Sirois, J.E. Leigh, and T.P. Sollecito Oral pemphigus vulgaris preceding cutaneous lesions: recognition and diagnosis J Am Dent Assoc 131 8 2000 1156 1160
55. P.V. Nikolsky [The materials on the study of pemphigus foliaceus cazenavi] 1896 St. Vladimir Emperor University Kiev (Ukraine) [in Russian]
56. T.G. Salopek Nikolsky's sign: is it 'dry' or is it 'wet'? Br J Dermatol 136 5 1997 762 767
57. D.F. Mutasim, N.J. Pelc, and N. Supapannachart Established methods in the investigation of bullous diseases Dermatol Clin 11 3 1993 399 418
58. L.R. Eversole Immunopathology of oral mucosal ulcerative, desquamative, and bullous diseases. Selective review of the literature Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 77 6 1994 555 571
59. J.C. Lapiere, J. Guitart, D.A. Ettlin, D.M. Chen, M. Amagai, and L.S. Chan Preferential activation of the complement system in the lower epidermis of patients with pemphigus vulgaris Br J Dermatol 139 5 1998 851 854
60. J.R. Stanley Therapy of pemphigus vulgaris Arch Dermatol 135 1 1999 76 78
61. J.C. Bystryn, and N.M. Steinman The adjuvant therapy of pemphigus. An update Arch Dermatol 132 2 1996 203 212
62. A.M. Powell, S. Albert, S. Al Fares, K.E. Harman, J. Setterfield, and B. Bhogal An evaluation of the usefulness of mycophenolate mofetil in pemphigus Br J Dermatol 149 1 2003 138 145
63. A. Dupuy, M. Viguier, C. Bedane, F. Cordoliani, S. Blaise, and F. Aucouturier Treatment of refractory pemphigus vulgaris with rituximab (anti-cd20 monoclonal antibody) Arch Dermatol 140 1 2004 91 96
64. M.E. Fleischli, R.H. Valek, and A.G. Pandya Pulse intravenous cyclophosphamide therapy in pemphigus Arch Dermatol 135 1 1999 57 61
65. S.A. Grando New approaches to the treatment of pemphigus J Investig Dermatol Symp Proc 9 1 2004 84 91
66. G. Mazzi, A. Raineri, F.A. Zanolli, C. Da Ponte, D. De Roia, and L. Santarossa Plasmapheresis therapy in pemphigus vulgaris and bullous pemphigoid Transfus Apheresis Sci 28 1 2003 13 18
67. C. Chams-Davatchi, A.R. Nonahal, M. Daneshpazooh, M. Valikhani, Z. Hallaji, and M. Barzegari [Open trial of mycophenolate mofetil in the treatment of resistant pemphigus vulgaris] Ann Dermatol Venereol 129 1 Pt 1 2002 23 25
68. E. Schmidt, E. Klinker, A. Opitz, S. Herzog, C. Sitaru, and M. Goebeler Protein A immunoadsorption: a novel and effective adjuvant treatment of severe pemphigus Br J Dermatol 148 6 2003 1222 1229
69. K.E. Harman, S. Albert, and M.M. Black Guidelines for the management of pemphigus vulgaris Br J Dermatol 149 5 2003 926 937
70. F. Lozada-Nur, M.Z. Huang, and G.A. Zhou Open preliminary clinical trial of clobetasol propionate ointment in adhesive paste for treatment of chronic oral vesiculoerosive diseases Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 71 3 1991 283 287
71. C. Scully, and S.J. Challacombe Pemphigus vulgaris: update on etiopathogenesis, oral manifestations, and management Crit Rev Oral Biol Med 13 5 2002 397 408
72. A. Herbst, and J.C. Bystryn Patterns of remission in pemphigus vulgaris J Am Acad Dermatol 42 3 2000 422 427
73. L.S. Krain, and S.M. Bierman Pemphigus vulgaris and internal malignancy Cancer 33 4 1974 1091 1099
74. G.C. Laskaris, S.S. Papavasiliou, O.D. Bovopoulou, and G.D. Nicolis Association of oral pemphigus with chronic lymphocytic leukemia Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 50 3 1980 244 249
75. J. Redon, G. Sorni, A. Gonzalez-Molina, M. Caballero, and J. Baguena Pemphigus associated with giant lymph node hyperplasia Br Med J. (Clin Res Ed) 287 6407 1983 1761 1762
76. L.Y. Matsuoka, J. Wortsman, and J.R. Stanley Epidermal autoantibodies in erythema multiforme J Am Acad Dermatol 21 4 Pt 1 1989 677 680
77. H. Tagami, K. Sagawa, S. Imamura, T. Uchiyama, and K. Tkatsuki Severe erosive stomatitis and giant cell lymph node hyperplasia of retroperitoneum (Castleman's tumor) Dermatologica 157 1978 138 145
78. G.J. Anhalt, S.C. Kim, J.R. Stanley, N.J. Korman, D.A. Jabs, and M. Kory Paraneoplastic pemphigus. An autoimmune mucocutaneous disease associated with neoplasia N Engl J Med 323 25 1990 1729 1735
79. G.J. Anhalt Paraneoplastic pemphigus J Investig Dermatol Symp Proc 9 1 2004 29 33
80. A. Kimyai-Asadi, and M.H. Jih Paraneoplastic pemphigus Int J Dermatol 40 6 2001 367 372
81. D. Mimouni, G.J. Anhalt, Z. Lazarova, S. Aho, S. Kazerounian, and D.J. Kouba Paraneoplastic pemphigus in children and adolescents Br J Dermatol 147 4 2002 725 732
82. M. Rybojad, T. Leblanc, B. Flageul, P. Bernard, P. Morel, and G. Schaison Paraneoplastic pemphigus in a child with a T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma Br J Dermatol 128 4 1993 418 422
83. P. Martel, P. Loiseau, P. Joly, M. Busson, V. Lepage, and H. Mouquet Paraneoplastic pemphigus is associated with the DRB1*03 allele J Autoimmun 20 1 2003 91 95
84. R. Plumb, and G.C. Doolittle Paraneoplastic pemphigus in a patient with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma Am J Hematol 52 1 1996 58 59
85. G.J. Anhalt Paraneoplastic pemphigus: the role of tumours and drugs Br J Dermatol 144 6 2001 1102 1104
86. A. de Bruin, E. Muller, M. Wyder, G.J. Anhalt, P. Lemmens, and M.M. Suter Periplakin and envoplakin are target antigens in canine and human paraneoplastic pemphigus J Am Acad Dermatol 40 5 Pt 1 1999 682 685
87. M.A. Williams, P.M. Dowling, D.W. Angarano, A.A. Yu, B.J. DiFranco, and S.D. Lenz Paraneoplastic bullous stomatitis in a horse J Am Vet Med Assoc 207 3 1995 331 334
88. M. Amagai, T. Nishikawa, H.C. Nousari, G.J. Anhalt, and T. Hashimoto Antibodies against desmoglein 3 (pemphigus vulgaris antigen) are present in sera from patients with paraneoplastic pemphigus and cause acantholysis in vivo in neonatal mice J Clin Invest 102 4 1998 775 782
89. O.V. Nikolskaia, C.H. Nousari, and G.J. Anhalt Paraneoplastic pemphigus in association with Castleman's disease Br J Dermatol 149 6 2003 1143 1151
90. Y. Futei, M. Amagai, T. Hashimoto, and T. Nishikawa Conformational epitope mapping and IgG subclass distribution of desmoglein 3 in paraneoplastic pemphigus J Am Acad Dermatol 49 6 2003 1023 1028
91. M.G. Mahoney, S. Aho, J. Uitto, and J.R. Stanley The members of the plakin family of proteins recognized by paraneoplastic pemphigus antibodies include periplakin J Invest Dermatol 111 2 1998 308 313
92. S.C. Kim, Y.D. Kwon, I.J. Lee, S.N. Chang, and T.G. Lee cDNA cloning of the 210-kDa paraneoplastic pemphigus antigen reveals that envoplakin is a component of the antigen complex J Invest Dermatol 109 3 1997 365 369
93. C. Kiyokawa, C. Ruhrberg, Z. Nie, T. Karashima, O. Mori, and T. Nishikawa Envoplakin and periplakin are components of the paraneoplastic pemphigus antigen complex J Invest Dermatol 111 6 1998 1236 1238
94. L. Borradori, R.M. Trueb, F. Jaunin, A. Limat, B. Favre, and J.H. Saurat Autoantibodies from a patient with paraneoplastic pemphigus bind periplakin, a novel member of the plakin family J Invest Dermatol 111 2 1998 338 340
95. C. Proby, Y. Fujii, K. Owaribe, T. Nishikawa, and M. Amagai Human autoantibodies against HD1/plectin in paraneoplastic pemphigus J Invest Dermatol 112 2 1999 153 156
96. G.J. Anhalt Paraneoplastic pemphigus Adv Dermatol 12 1997 77 96 [discussion, 97]
97. J.R. Oursler, R.S. Labib, L. Ariss-Abdo, T. Burke, E.J. O'Keefe, and G.J. Anhalt Human autoantibodies against desmoplakins in paraneoplastic pemphigus J Clin Invest 89 6 1992 1775 1782
98. H.C. Nousari, A. Kimyai-Asadi, and G.J. Anhalt Elevated serum levels of interleukin-6 in paraneoplastic pemphigus J Invest Dermatol 112 3 1999 396 398
99. G.M. Bowen, N.T. Peters, D.P. Fivenson, L.D. Su, H.C. Nousari, and G.J. Anhalt Lichenoid dermatitis in paraneoplastic pemphigus: a pathogenic trigger of epitope spreading? Arch Dermatol 136 5 2000 652 656
100. L.S. Chan Epitope spreading in paraneoplastic pemphigus: autoimmune induction in antibody-mediated blistering skin diseases Arch Dermatol 136 5 2000 663 664
101. K. Reich, U. Brinck, M. Letschert, V. Blaschke, K. Dames, and J. Braess Graft-versus-host disease-like immunophenotype and apoptotic keratinocyte death in paraneoplastic pemphigus Br J Dermatol 141 4 1999 739 746
102. C.M. Allen, and C. Camisa Paraneoplastic pemphigus: a review of the literature Oral Dis 6 4 2000 208 214
103. A. Bialy-Golan, S. Brenner, and G.J. Anhalt Paraneoplastic pemphigus: oral involvement as the sole manifestation Acta Derm Venereol 76 3 1996 253 254
104. J. Helou, J. Allbritton, and G.J. Anhalt Accuracy of indirect immunofluorescence testing in the diagnosis of paraneoplastic pemphigus J Am Acad Dermatol 32 3 1995 441 447
105. J.M. Mascaro Jr., J. Ferrando, M.T. Sole, M. Alsina, H.C. Nousari, and G.J. Anhalt Paraneoplastic pemphigus: a case of long-term survival associated with systemic lupus erythematosus and polymyositis Dermatology 199 1 1999 63 66
106. G. Plewig, and T. Jansen [Castleman tumor, lichen ruber and pemphigus vulgaris: paraneoplastic association of immunologic diseases?] Hautarzt 42 11 1991 727
107. H.C. Nousari, and G.J. Anhalt Pemphigus and bullous pemphigoid Lancet 354 9179 1999 667 672
108. L. Gergely, L. Varoczy, G. Vadasz, E. Remenyik, and A. Illes Successful treatment of B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia-associated severe paraneoplastic pemphigus with cyclosporin A Acta Haematol 109 4 2003 202 205
109. M. Heizmann, P. Itin, M. Wernli, L. Borradori, and M.J. Bargetzi Successful treatment of paraneoplastic pemphigus in follicular NHL with rituximab: report of a case and review of treatment for paraneoplastic pemphigus in NHL and CLL Am J Hematol 66 2 2001 142 144
110. S. Izaki, Y. Yoshizawa, K. Kitamura, H. Kato, H. Hashimoto, and N.J. Korman Paraneoplastic pemphigus: potential therapeutic effect of plasmapheresis Br J Dermatol 134 5 1996 987 989
111. P.P. Ng, A. Rencic, and H.C. Nousari Paraneoplastic pemphigus: a refractory autoimmune mucocutaneous disease J Cutan Med Surg 6 5 2002 434 437
112. M. Ohyama, M. Amagai, T. Hashimoto, H.C. Nousari, G.J. Anhalt, and T. Nishikawa Clinical phenotype and anti-desmoglein autoantibody profile in paraneoplastic pemphigus J Am Acad Dermatol 44 4 2001 593 598
113. M.B. Schadlow, G.J. Anhalt, and A.A. Sinha Using rituximab (anti-CD20 antibody) in a patient with paraneoplastic pemphigus J Drugs Dermatol 2 5 2003 564 567
114. S.H. Fullerton, D.T. Woodley, B.R. Smoller, and G.J. Anhalt Paraneoplastic pemphigus with autoantibody deposition in bronchial epithelium after autologous bone marrow transplantation JAMA 267 11 1992 1500 1502
115. V.T. Nguyen, A. Ndoye, K.D. Bassler, L.D. Shultz, M.C. Shields, and B.S. Ruben Classification, clinical manifestations, and immunopathological mechanisms of the epithelial variant of paraneoplastic autoimmune multiorgan syndrome: a reappraisal of paraneoplastic pemphigus Arch Dermatol 137 2 2001 193 206
116. A.C. Chin, D. Stich, F.V. White, J. Radhakrishnan, and M.J. Holterman Paraneoplastic pemphigus and bronchiolitis obliterans associated with a mediastinal mass: a rare case of Castleman's disease with respiratory failure requiring lung transplantation J Pediatr Surg 36 12 2001 E22