Viral activation of macrophages through TLR-dependent and -independent pathways

Journal of Immunology

Volumn 173, Issue 11, 2004, Pages 6890-6898

  Malmgaard, Lene ^a   Melchjorsen, Jesper ^a   Bowie, Andrew G ^b   Mogensen, Søren C ^a   Paludan, Søren R ^a  

^a AARHUS UNIVERSITY   (Denmark)

^b TRINITY COLLEGE DUBLIN   (Ireland)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADAPTOR PROTEIN; ALPHA INTERFERON; BETA INTERFERON; CYTOKINE; GENE PRODUCT; INTERLEUKIN 1 RECEPTOR; MYELOID DIFFERENTIATION FACTOR 88; PROTEIN KINASE; RANTES; RNA DIRECTED RNA POLYMERASE; TOLL LIKE RECEPTOR; TOLL LIKE RECEPTOR 9; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA;

ANIMAL CELL; ARTICLE; CELL SURFACE; CONTROLLED STUDY; CYTOKINE PRODUCTION; FEMALE; HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS 2; HOST RESISTANCE; MACROPHAGE FUNCTION; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RNA BINDING; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; VIRUS CELL INTERACTION; VIRUS GENE; VIRUS INDUCTION; VIRUS INFECTION;

EID: 9144257930     PISSN: 00221767     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.173.11.6890     Document Type: Article

References (64)

1. Paludan, S. R. 2002. Interactions between herpes simplex virus and leukocytes: molecular mechanisms and impact on antiviral defense. Curr. Top. Virol. 2:1.
2. Ellermann-Eriksen, S. 1993. Autocrine secretion of interferon- αβ and tumour necrosis factor-α synergistically activates mouse macrophages after infection with herpes simplex virus type 2. J. Gen. Virol. 74:2191.
3. Melchjorsen, J., F. S. Pedersen, S. C. Mogensen, and S. R. Paludan. 2002. Herpes simplex virus selectively induces expression of the CC chemokine RANTES/CCL5 in macrophages through a mechanism dependent on PKR and ICP0. J. Virol. 76:2780.
4. Malmgaard, L., S. R. Paludan, S. C. Mogensen, and S. Ellermann-Eriksen. 2000. Herpes simplex virus type 2 induces secretion of IL-12 by macrophages through a mechanism involving NF-κB. J. Gen. Virol. 81:3011.
5. Paludan, S. R. 2001. Requirements for the induction of interleukin-6 by herpes simplex virus-infected leukocytes. J. Virol. 75:8008.
6. Paludan, S. R., S. Ellermann-Eriksen, V. Kruys, and S. C. Mogensen. Expression of TNF-α by herpes simplex virus-infected macrophages is regulated by a dual mechanism: transcriptional regulation by NF-κB and activating transcription factor 2/Jun and translational regulation through the AU-rich region of the 3′ untranslated region. J. Immunol 167:2202.
7. Biron, C. A. 1999. Initial and innate responses to viral infections-pattern setting in immunity or disease. Curr. Opin. Microbiol. 2:374.
8. Zeng, J., P. Fournier, and V. Schirrmacher. 2002. Induction of interferon-α and tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand in human blood mononuclear cells by hemagglutinin-neuraminidase but not F protein of Newcastle disease virus. Virology 297:19.
9. Janeway, C. A., Jr., and R. Medzhitov. 2002. Innate immune recognition. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 20:197.
10. Yamamoto, M., S. Sato, H. Hemmi, K. Hoshino, T. Kaisho, H. Sanjo, O. Takeuchi, M. Sugiyama, M. Okabe, K. Takeda, and S. Akira. 2003. Role of adaptor TRIF in the MyD88-independent Toll-like receptor signaling pathway. Science 301:640.
11. Milone, M. C., and P. Fitzgerald-Bocarsly. 1998. The mannose receptor mediates induction of IFN-α in peripheral blood dendritic cells by enveloped RNA and DNA viruses. J. Immunol. 161:2391.
12. Miller, J. L., and A. E. Margot. 2003. Virus-cell interactions in the induction of type 1 interferon by influenza virus in mouse spleen cells. J. Gen. Virol. 84:193.
13. Chu, W. M., D. Ostertag, Z. W. Li, L. Chang, Y. Chen, Y. Hu, B. Williams, J. Perrault, and M. Karin. 1999. JNK2 and IKK-β are required for activating the innate response to viral infection. Immunity 11:721.
14. Kumar, A., J. Haque, J. Lacoste, J. Hiscott, and B. R. Williams. 1994. Double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase activates transcription factor NF-κB by phosphorylating IκB. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91:6288.
15. Iwamura, T., M. Yoneyama, K. Yamaguchi, W. Suhara, W. Mori, K. Shiota, Y. Okabe, H. Namiki, and T. Fujita. 2001. Induction of IRF-3/-7 kinase and NF-κB in response to double-stranded RNA and virus infection: common and unique pathways. Genes Cells 6:375.
16. Mogensen, T. H., and S. R. Paludan. 2001. Molecular pathways in virus-induced cytokine production. Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. 65:131.
17. Mogensen, T. H., J. Melchjorsen, P. Hollsberg, and S. R. Paludan. 2003. Activation of NF-κ in virus-infected macrophages is dependent on mitochondrial oxidative stress and intracellular calcium: downstream involvement of the kinases TGF-β-activated kinase 1, mitogen-activated kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase kinase 1, and IκB kinase. J. Immunol. 170:6224.
18. Akira, S., and H. Hemmi. 2003. Recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns by TLR family. Immunol. Lett. 85:85.
19. Akira, S. 2003. Toll-like Receptor Signaling. J. Biol. Chem. 278:38105.
20. O'Neill, L. A., K. A. Fitzgerald, and A. G. Bowie. 2003. The Toll-IL-1 receptor adaptor family grows to five members. Trends Immunol. 24:286.
21. Yamamoto, M., S. Sato, K. Mori, K. Hoshino, O. Takeuchi, K. Takeda, and S. Akira. 2002. Cutting edge: a novel Toll/IL-1 receptor domain-containing adapter that preferentially activates the IFN-β promoter in the Toll-like receptor signaling. J. Immunol. 169:6668.
22. Fitzgerald, K. A., D. C. Rowe, B. J. Barnes, D. R. Caffrey, A. Visintin, E. Latz, B. Monks, P. M. Pitha, and D. T. Golenbock. 2003. LPS-TLR4 Signaling to IRF-3/7 and NF-κB Involves the Toll Adapters TRAM and TRIF. J. Exp. Med. 178:1043.
23. Alexopoulou, L., A. C. Holt, R. Medzhitov, and R. A. Flavell. 2001. Recognition of double-stranded RNA and activation of NF-κB by Toll-like receptor 3. Nature 413:732.
24. Hemmi, H., O. Takeuchi, T. Kawai, T. Kaisho, S. Sato, H. Sanjo, M. Matsumoto, K. Hoshino, H. Wagner, K. Takeda, and S. Akira. 2000. A Toll-like receptor recognizes bacterial DNA. Nature 408:740.
25. Lund, J., A. Sato, S. Akira, R. Medzhitov, and A. Iwasaki. 2003. Toll-like receptor 9-mediated recognition of herpes simplex virus-2 by plasmacytoid dendritic cells. J. Exp. Med. 198:513.
26. Krug, A., G. D. Luker, W. Barchet, D. A. Leib, S. Akira, and M. Colonna. 2003. Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) activates murine Natural Interferon-producing cells (IPC) through Toll-like receptor 9. Blood 103:1433.
27. Kurt-Jones, E. A., L. Popova, L. Kwinn, L. M. Haynes, L. P. Jones, R. A. Tripp, E. E. Walsh, M. W. Freeman, D. T. Golenbock, L. J. Anderson, and R. W. Finberg. 2000. Pattern recognition receptors TLR4 and CD14 mediate response to respiratory syncytial virus. Nat. Immunol. 1:398.
28. Kurt-Jones, E. A., M. Chan, S. Zhou, J. Wang, G. Reed, R. Bronson, M. M. Arnold, D. M. Knipe, and R. W. Finberg. 2004. Herpes simplex virus 1 interaction with Toll-like receptor 2 contributes to lethal encephalitis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 101:1315.
29. Compton, T., E. A. Kurt-Jones, K. W. Boehme, J. Belko, E. Latz, D. T. Golenbock, and R. W. Finberg. 2003. Human cytomegalovirus activates inflammatory cytokine responses via CD14 and Toll-like receptor 2. J. Virol. 77:4588.
30. Heil, F., H. Hemmi, H. Hochrein, F. Ampenberger, C. Kirschning, S. Akira, G. Lipford, H. Wagner, and S. Bauer. 2004. Species-specific recognition of single-stranded RNA via Toll-like receptor 7 and 8. Science 303:1526.
31. Takeda, K., and S. Akira. 2004. TLR signaling pathways. Semin. Immunol. 16:3.
32. Melchjorsen, J., and S. R. Paludan. 2003. Induction of RANTES/CCL5 by herpes simplex virus is regulated by nuclear factor κB and interferon regulatory factor 3. J. Gen. Virol. 84:2491.
33. Paludan, S. R., and S. C. Mogensen. 2001. Virus-cell interactions regulating induction of tumor necrosis factor α production in macrophages infected with herpes simplex virus. J. Virol. 75:10170.
34. Ace, C. I., T. A. McKee, J. M. Ryan, J. M. Cameron, and C. M. Preston. 1989. Construction and characterization of a herpes simplex virus type 1 mutant unable to transinduce immediate-early gene expression. J. Virol. 63:2260.
35. Stow, N. D., and E. C. Stow. 1986. Isolation and characterization of a herpes simplex virus type 1 mutant containing a deletion within the gene encoding the immediate early polypeptide Vmw 110. J. Gen. Virol. 67:2571.
36. Long, M. C., V. Leong, P. A. Schaffer, C. A. Spencer, and S. A. Rice. 1999. ICP22 and the UL13 protein kinase are both required for herpes simplex virus-induced modification of the large subunit of RNA polymerase II. J. Virol. 73:5593.
37. Montgomery, R. I., M. S. Warner, B. J. Lum, and P. G. Spear. 1996. Herpes simplex virus-1 entry into cells mediated by a novel member of the TNF/NGF receptor family. Cell 87:427.
38. Rice, S. A., and D. M. Knipe. 1990. Genetic evidence for two distinct transactivation functions of the herpes simplex virus α protein ICP27. J. Virol. 64:1704.
39. Shepard, A. A., and N. A. DeLuca. 1991. A second-site revertant of a defective herpes simplex virus ICP4 protein with restored regulatory activities and impaired DNA-binding properties. J. Virol. 65:787.
40. Maggi, L. B., Jr., M. R. Heitmeier, D. Scheuner, R. J. Kaufman, R. M. Buller, and J. A. Corbett. 2000. Potential role of PKR in double-stranded RNA-induced macrophage activation. EMBO J. 19:3630.
41. Lu, R., P. A. Moore, and P. M. Pitha. 2002. Stimulation of IRF-7 gene expression by tumor necrosis factor α: requirement for NFκB transcription factor and gene accessibility. J. Biol. Chem. 277:16592.
42. Marie, I., J. E. Durbin, and D. E. Levy. 1998. Differential viral induction of distinct interferon-α genes by positive feedback through interferon regulatory factor-7. EMBO J. 17:6660.
43. Bowie, A., E. Kiss-Toth, J. A. Symons, G. L. Smith, S. K. Dower, and L. A. O'Neill. 2000. A46R and A52R from vaccinia virus are antagonists of host IL-1 and Toll-like receptor signaling. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 97:10162.
44. Eloranta, M. L., and G. V. Alm. 1999. Splenic marginal metallophilic macrophages and marginal zone macrophages are the major interferon-αβ producers in mice upon intravenous challenge with herpes simplex virus. Scand. J. Immunol. 49:391.
45. Fitzgerald-Bocarsly, P. 1993. Human natural interferon-α producing cells. Pharmacol. Ther. 60:39.
46. Lebon, P. 1985. Inhibition of herpes simplex virus type 1-induced interferon synthesis by monoclonal antibodies against viral glycoprotein D and by lysosomotropic drugs. J. Gen. Virol. 66:2781.
47. Ankel, H., D. F. Westra, S. Welling-Wester, and P. Lebon. 1998. Induction of interferon-α by glycoprotein D of herpes simplex virus: a possible role of chemokine receptors. Virology 251:317.
48. Stunz, L. L., P. Lenert, D. Peckham, A. K. Yi, S. Haxhinasto, M. Chang, A. M. Krieg, and R. F. Ashman. 2002. Inhibitory oligonucleotides specifically block effects of stimulatory CpG oligonucleotides in B cells. Eur. J. Immunol. 32:1212.
49. Asselin-Paturel, C., A. Boonstra, M. Dalod, I. Durand, N. Yessaad, C. Dezutter-Dambuyant, A. Vicari, A. O'Garra, C. Biron, F. Briere, and G. Trinchieri. 2001. Mouse type I IFN-producing cells are immature APCs with plasmacytoid morphology. Nat. Immunol. 2:1144.
50. Barchet, W., M. Cella, B. Odermatt, C. Asselin-Paturel, M. Colonna, and U. Kalinke. 2002. Virus-induced interferon α production by a dendritic cell subset in the absence of feedback signaling in vivo. J. Exp. Med. 195:507.
51. Dalod, M., T. P. Salazar-Mather, L. Malmgaard, C. Lewis, C. Asselin-Paturel, F. Briere, G. Trinchieri, and C. A. Biron. 2002. Interferon αβ and interleukin 12 responses to viral infections: pathways regulating dendritic cell cytokine expression in vivo. J. Exp. Med. 195:517.
52. Ito, Y., Y. Nishiyama, K. Shimokata, I. Nagata, H. Takeyama, and A. Kunii. 1978. The mechanism of interferon induction in mouse spleen cells stimulated with HVJ. Virology 88:128.
53. Ito, Y., and Y. Hosaka. 1983. Component(s) of Sendai virus that can induce interferon in mouse spleen cells. Infect. Immun. 39:1019.
54. Fournier, P., J. Zeng, and V. Schirrmacher. 2003. Two ways to induce innate immune responses in human PBMCs: paracrine stimulation of IFN-α responses by viral protein or dsRNA. Int. J. Oncol. 23:673.
55. Miettinen, M., T. Sareneva, I. Julkunen, and S. Matikainen. 2001. IFNs activate Toll-like receptor gene expression in viral infections. Genes Immun. 2:349.
56. Applequist, S. E., R. P. Wallin, and H. G. Ljunggren. 2002. Variable expression of Toll-like receptor in murine innate and adaptive immune cell lines. Int. Immunol. 14:1065.
57. Nguyen, K. B., L. P. Cousens, L. A. Doughty, G. C. Pien, J. E. Durbin, and C. A. Biron. 2000. Interferon αβ-mediated inhibition and promotion of interferon γ: STAT1 resolves a paradox. Nat. Immunol. 1:70.
58. Ahmad-Nejad, P., H. Hacker, M. Rutz, S. Bauer, R. M. Vabulas, and H. Wagner. 2002. Bacterial CpG-DNA and lipopolysaccharides activate Toll-like receptors at distinct cellular compartments. Eur. J. Immunol. 32:1958.
59. Asea, A., M. Rehli, E. Kabingu, J. A. Boch, O. Bare, P. E. Auron, M. A. Stevenson, and S. K. Calderwood. 2002. Novel signal transduction pathway utilized by extracellular HSP70: role of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 and TLR4. J. Biol. Chem. 277:15028.
60. Zamanian-Daryoush, M., T. H. Mogensen, J. A. DiDonato, and B. R. Williams. 2000. NF-κB activation by double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase (PKR) is mediated through NF-κB-inducing kinase and Iκ kinase. Mol. Cell. Biol. 20:1278.
61. Jiang, Z., M. Zamanian-Daryoush, H. Nie, A. M. Silva, B. R. Williams, and X. Li. 2003. Poly I:C-induced TLR3-mediated activation of NFκB and MAP kinases is through an IRAK-independent pathway employing signaling components TLR3- TRAF6-TAK1- TAB2- PKR. J. Biol. Chem. 278:16713.
62. Inohara, N., and G. Nunez. 2003. NODs: intracellular proteins involved in inflammation and apoptosis. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 3:371.
63. Wathelet, M. G., C. H. Lin, B. S. Parekh, L. V. Ronco, P. M. Howley, and T. Maniatis. 1998. Virus infection induces the assembly of coordinately activated transcription factors on the IFN-β enhancer in vivo. Mol. Cell. 1:507.
64. Levy, D. E., I. Marie, and A. Prakash. 2003. Ringing the interferon alarm: differential regulation of gene expression at the interface between innate and adaptive immunity. Curr. Opin. Immunol. 15:52.