The Criminal Responsibility of Senior Political and Military Leaders as Principals to International Crimes

The Criminal Responsibility of Senior Political and Military Leaders as Principals to International Crimes

Volumn , Issue , 2009, Pages 1-354

  Olasolo, Hector ^a   Ambos, Kai ^b   Fulford, Adrian ^c   Trendafilova, Ekaterina ^c  

^a Ibero American Institute   (Germany)

^b UNIVERSITY OF GÖTTINGEN   (Germany)

^c NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 85193936663     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Book

References (218)

1. Akehurst M, ‘Custom as a Source of International Law’ (1974) 47 British Yearbook of International Law 1.
2. Ambos K, Dominio del Hecho por Dominio de la Voluntad en virtud de Aparatos Organizados de Poder (Bogota, Universidad Externado de Colombia, 1998).
3. Ambos K, ‘Article 25. Individual Criminal Responsibility’ in O Triffterer (ed), Commentary on the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (Baden-Baden, Nomos, 1999).
4. Ambos K, Der Allgemeine Teil des Volkerstrafrechts: Ansatze einer Dogmatisierung (Berlin, Duncker und Humblot, 2002).
5. Ambos K, ‘Superior Responsibility’ in A Cassese, P Gaeta, and JRWD Jones (eds.), The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court: A Commentary (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2002).
6. Ambos K, La Parte General del Derecho Penal Internacional: Bases para una Elaboracion Dogmatica (Uruguay, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung, 2005).
7. Ambos K, ‘Nulla Poena Sine Lege in International Criminal Law’ in R Haveman and O Olusanya (eds), Sentencing and Sanctioning in Supranational Criminal Law (Antwerp, Intersentia, 2006).
8. Ambos K, ‘Joint Criminal Enterprise and Command Responsibility’ (2007) 5 Journal of International Criminal Justice 159.
9. Ambos K, (ed.) Imputacion de Crimenes de los Subordinados al Dirigente: Un Estudio Comparado (Bogotá, Temis 2008).
10. Ambos K and Grammer C, ‘Dominio del Hecho por Organizacion. La Responsabilidad de la Conduccion Militar Argentina por la Muerte de Elisabeth Kasemann’ (2003) 12 Revista Penal 27.
11. Angevin H and Chavanne A, Editions du Juris-Classeur Penal (Paris, LexisNexis, 1998).
12. Ashworth A, Principles of Criminal Law (3rd edn, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1999).
13. Bacigalupo E, ‘La Distincion entre Autoria y Participacion en la Jurisprudencia de los Tribunales y el Nuevo Codigo Penal Aleman’ in R Nunèz Barbero (ed.), Estudios Penales: Libro Homenaje Al Prof J. Anton Oneca (Salamanca, Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca, 1982).
14. Ambos K, Principios del Derecho Espanol II: El hecho Punible (Madrid, 1985) 135.
15. Ambos K, ‘Notas sobre el fundamento de la coautoria en el Derecho Penal’ (1993) 31 Poder Judicial 31.
16. Bantekas I, ‘The Contemporary Law of Superior Responsibility’ (1999) 93 American Journal of International Law 575.
17. Bantekos I and Nash S, International Criminal Law (3rd edition, Routledge-Cavendish 2007).
18. Barret RP and Little RP, ‘Lessons of Yugoslav Rape Trials: A Role for Conspiracy Law in International Criminal Tribunals’ (2003) 88 Minnessotta Law Review 30.
19. Bassiouni MC, ‘The United Nations Commission of Experts Established pursuant to Security Council Resolution 780’ (1994) 88 American Journal of International Law 784. 337
20. Bassiouni MC, International Criminal Law: A Draft International Criminal Code (2nd edn, Ardsley, New York, Transnational Publishers, 1999).
21. Bassiouni MC, Introduction to International Criminal Law (Ardsley, New York, Transnational Publishers, 2003).
22. Bloy R, Die Beteiligungsform als Zurechnungstypus im Strafrecht (Berlin, Duncker and Humblot, 1985).
23. Blumenstock T, ‘The Judgement of the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia in the Brdanin Case’ (2005) 18 Leiden Journal of International Law 65.
24. Boas G, Bischoff DL and Reid NL, International Criminal Law Practitioner Library: Forms of Responsibility in International Criminal Law (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press 2008).
25. Boelaert-Suominen S, ‘Prosecuting Superiors for Crimes Committed by Subordinates: A Discussion of the First Significant Case Law’ (2001) 41 Virginia Journal of International Law 747.
26. Bogdan A, ‘Individual Criminal Responsibility in the Execution of a “Joint Criminal Enterprise” in the Jurisprudence of the ad hoc International Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia’ (2006) 6 International Criminal Law Review 63.
27. Bohlander M, The German Criminal Code: A Modern Translation (Oxford, Hart Publishing 2008).
28. Bottke S, ‘Criminalidad Economica y Derecho Criminal Economico en la Republica Federal de Alemania’ (1999) 4 Revista Penal 25.
29. Brady H and Goy B, Current Developments at the Ad Hoc International Criminal Tribunals (2008) 6 Journal of International Criminal Justice 569.
30. Brownlie I, Principles of Public International Law (5th edn, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1998).
31. Bruno A, Direito Penal, Vol II (3rd edn, Rio de Janeiro, Forense, 1967).
32. Bueno Arus F, ‘Perspectivas de la Teoria General del Delito en el Estatuto de Roma de la Corte Penal Internacional de 17 de Julio de 1998’ in FJ Quel Lopez (ed), Creacion de una Jurisdiccion Penal Internacional, Coleccion Escuela Diplomatica (4th edn, Madrid, 2000).
33. Bustos Ramirez J, Obras Completas, Vol. I. Derecho Penal: Parte General (Lima, ARA Editores EIRL, 2004).
34. Carnero Rojo E and Lagos Polas F, ‘The Strugar Case before the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia’ (2005) 2 Journal of International Law of Peace and Armed Conflict 140.
35. Cassese A, International Criminal Law (Oxford, Oxford University Press 2003; 2nd edn 2008).
36. Cassese A, ‘The Proper Limits of Individual Responsibility under the Doctrine of Joint Criminal Enteprise’ (2007) 5 Journal of International Criminal Justice 110.
37. Cerezo Mir J, Problemas Fundamentales del Derecho Penal (Madrid, Tecnos, 1982).
38. Clapham A,‘On Complicity’ in M Henzelin and R Roth (eds), Le droit penal a l’epreuve de l’internationalisation (Paris, LGDJ, 2002).
39. Cornils and Greve V, Das Danische Strafgesetz-Straffeloven, Zweisprachige Ausgabe (2nd edn, Friburg, Max-Planck-Institut, 2001).
40. Cramer S and Heine G in Schonke and Schroder (eds), Kommentar zum Strafgesetzbuch (26th edn, Munich, CH Beck, 2001).
41. Cramer S and Sternberg-Lieben in Schonke and Schroder (eds), Kommentar zum Strafgesetzbuch (26th edn, Munich, CH Beck, 2001).
42. Cryer R, Friman H, Robinson D and Wilmshurst E, Introduction to International Criminal Law and Procedure: Principles, Procedures, Institutions (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press 2007).
43. Cuello Calon E, Derecho Penal (9th edn, Barcelona, Libreria Bosch, 1926).
44. Damaska M, ‘The Shadow Side of Command Responsibility’ (2001) 49 The American Journal of Comparative Law 455.
45. Danner AM and Martinez JS, ‘Guilty Associations: Joint Criminal Enterprise, Command Responsibility and the Development of International Criminal Law’ (2005) 93 California Law Review 75.
46. Del Ponte C, ‘Investigation and Prosecution of Large-Scale Crimes at the International Level. The Experience of the ICTY’ (2006) 4 Journal of International Criminal Justice 539.
47. Dell’Andro R, La fattispecie plurisoggettiva in diritto penale (Milan, Giuffre, 1957).
48. Della Morte G, ‘De-Mediatizing the Media Case: Elements of a Critical Approach’ (2005) 3 1019.
49. Delmas-Marty M and Spencer SR, European Criminal Procedures (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press 2005).
50. Desportes F and Le Gunehec F, Droit Penal General (12th edn, Paris, Economica, 2005).
51. Diaz M y Garcia Conlledo, La Autoria en Derecho Penal (Barcelona, Universidad de Leon, 1991).
52. Dixon R, Archbold International Criminal Courts: Practice, Procedure and Evidence (London, Sweet and Maxwell, 2003).
53. Dressler J, Understanding Criminal Law (2nd edn, Albany, Lexis Publishing, 1995).
54. Duttwiler M, ‘Liability for Omissions in International Criminal Law’ (2006) 6 International Criminal Law Review 1.
55. Eboe-Osuji E, ‘“Complicity in Genocide” versus “Aiding and Abetting Genocide”’ (2005) 3 Journal of International Criminal Justice 56.
56. Eckhardt WG, ‘Command Criminal Responsibility: A Plea for a Workable Standard’ (1982) 97 Military Law Review 1.
57. Elewa Badar M, ‘Just Convict Everyone!—Joint Perpetration from Tadic to Stakic and Back Again’ (2006) 6 International Criminal Law Review 302.
58. Eser A, ‘Individual Criminal Responsibility’ in A Cassese, P Gaeta, and JRWD Jones (eds), The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court: A Commentary (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2002).
59. Eser A, ‘Mental Element, Mistake of Fact and Mistake of Law’ in A Cassese, P Gaeta, and JRWD Jones (eds), The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court: A Commentary (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2002).
60. Faraldo Cabana P, Responsabilidad Penal del Dirigente en Estructuras Jerarquicas (Valencia, Tirant lo Blanch, 2004).
61. Fenrick WJ, ‘Article 28. Responsibility of Commanders and Other Superiors’ in O Triffterer (ed), Commentary on the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (Baden-Baden, Nomos, 1999).
62. Fichtelberg A, ‘Conspiracy and International Criminal Justice’ (2006) 17 Criminal Law Forum 149.
63. Figueiredo Dias J, ‘Autoria y Participacion en el Dominio de la Criminalidad Organizada: El Dominio de la Organizacion’ in C Ferre Olive and E Anarte Borrallo (eds), Delincuencia Organizada: Aspectos Penales, Procesales y Criminologicos (Universidad de Huelva, 1999).
64. Fisse B, Howard’s Criminal Law (5th edn, Sydney, Law Book Company Limited, 1990).
65. Fletcher GP, ‘Is Conspiracy Unique to the Common Law?’ (1995) 43 American Journal of Comparative Law 171.
66. Fletcher GP, Basic Concepts of Criminal Law (New York/Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1998).
67. Fletcher GP, Rethinking Criminal Law (2nd edn, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2000).
68. Fletcher GP, ‘The Handam Case and Conspiracy as a War Crime. A new Beginning for International Law in the US’ (2006) 4 Journal of International Criminal Justice 442.
69. Fletcher GP and Ohlin D, ‘Reclaiming Fundamental Principles of Criminal Law in the Darfur Case’ (2005) 3 Journal of International Criminal Justice 539.
70. Fontan Balestra C, Tratado de Derecho Penal: Parte General (Albany, Lexis Publishing, 1995).
71. Gallagher G, ‘The Second Srebrenica Trial: Prosecutor v. Vidoje Blagojevic and Dragan Jokic’ (2005) 18 Leiden Journal of International Law 523.
72. Gil y Gil A, ‘El Caso Espanol’, in K Ambos (ed), Imputacion de Crimenes de Subordinados al Dirigente: Un Estudia Comparado (Bogotá, Temis 2008) 87.
73. Gilles P, Criminal Law (4th edn, North Ryde, LBC Information Services, 1997).
74. Gimbernat Ordeig A, Autor y Complice en Derecho Penal (Madrid, Universidad de Madrid, 1966).
75. Gomez Benitez JM, ‘El Dominio del Hecho en la Autoria (validez y limites)’ (1984) Anuario de Derecho Penal y de las Ciencias Penales 104.
76. Gomez Benitez JM, Elementos Comunes de los Crimenes contra la Humanidad en el Estatuto de la Corte Penal Internacional (2002) 42 Actualidad Penal 1121.
77. Green LC, ‘Superior Orders and Command Responsibility’ (1989) 27 Canadian Yearbook of International Law 167.
78. Greenwalt A, ‘Rethinking Genocidal Intent: The Case for a Knowledge-Based Interpretation’ (1999) 99 Columbia Journal Law Review 2259.
79. Gustafson K, ‘The Requirements of an “Express Agreement” for Joint Criminal Enteprise Liability: A Critique of Brdanin’ (2007) 5 Journal of International Criminal Justice 134.
80. Haan V, ‘The Development of the Concept of Joint Criminal Enterprise at the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia’ (2005) 5 International Criminal Law Review 175.
81. Haft F, Strafrecht Allgemeiner Teil(7th edn, Munich, 1996).
82. Hamdorf K, Beteiligungsmodelle im Strafrecht: Ein Vergleich von Teilnahme—und Einheitstatersystemen in Skandinavien, Osterreich und Deutschland (Friburg, Max- Planck-Institut, 2002).
83. Hamdorf K, ‘The Concept of a Joint Criminal Enterprise and Domestic Modes of Liability for Parties to a Crime: A Comparison of German and English Law’ (2007) 1 Journal of International Criminal Justice 210.
84. Hamilton VL and Kelman H, Crimes of Obedience: Towards a Social Psychology of Authority and Responsibility (Binghamton, Yale University Press, 1989).
85. Heine G, Taterschaft und Teilnahme in staatlichen Machtapparaten (2000) JZ 920.
86. Hernandez Plasencia JL, La Autoria Mediata en Derecho Penal (Granada, Comares, 1996).
87. Herzberg RD, Taterschaft und Teilnahme (Munich, Beck, 1977).
88. Hinek S, ‘The Judgement of the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia in Prosecutor v. Pavle Strugar’ (2006) 19 Leiden Journal of International Law 477.
89. Hoyer S in HJ Rudolphi, H Eckard and E Samson, Systematischer Kommentar zum Strafgesetzbuch (Munich, Luchterhand Fachb, 2003).
90. Jackson J, Langer M and Tillers P, Crime, Procedure and Evidence in a Comparative and International Context: Essays in Honour of Professor Mirjan Damarska (Oxford, Hart Publishing 2008).
91. Jakobs G, Strafrecht Allgemeiner Teil (2nd edn, Berlin, Gruyter, 1991).
92. Jescheck HH and Weigend T, Lehrbuch des Strafrechts (5th edn, Berlin, Duncker and Humblot, 1996).
93. Jia BB, ‘The Doctrine of Command Responsibility: Current Problems’ (2000) 3 Yearbook of International Humanitarian Law 131.
94. Kadish SH, ‘Complicity, Cause and Blame: A Study in the Interpretation of Doctrine’ (1985) 73 California Law Review 337.
95. Kang Y and Wu T, ‘Criminal Liability for the Actions of Subordinates: The Doctrine of Command Responsibility and its Analogues in United States Law’ (1997) 38 Harvard International Law Journal 272.
96. Keijzer N and Van Sliedregt E, ‘Commentary to Blaskic Judgement’ in A Klip and G Sluiter, Annotated Leading Cases of International Criminal Tribunals (Vol 4, Oxford, Hart Publishing, 2001).
97. Keith KMF, ‘The Mens Rea of Superior Responsibility as Developed by ICTY Jurisprudence’ (2001) 14 Leiden Journal of International Law 617.
98. Kienapfel D, Erscheinungsformen der Einheitstaterschaft in Strafrechtsdogmatik und Kriminalpolitik (Cologne, Muller-Dietz, 1971).
99. Kindhauser U, Strafgesetzbuch, Lehr- und Praxiskommentar (Portland, Nomos, 2002).
100. Kittichaisaree K, International Criminal Law (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2001).
101. Kohler H, Strafrecht Allgemeiner Teil (Berlin, 1997).
102. Krey V, Strafrecht Allgemeiner Teil(Vol 2, Munich, 2002).
103. Kugler I, ‘Two Concepts of Omission’ (2003) 14 Criminal Law Forum 421.
104. Kuhl K, Strafrecht Allgemeiner Teil (4th edn, Munich, Vahlen Franz GMBH, 2002).
105. Kuper W, Mittelbare Taterschaft, Verbotsirrtum des Tatmittlers und Verantwortungsprinzip in Juristenzeitung (1989).
106. Kupper G, ‘Zur Abgrenzung der Taterschaftsformen’ (1998) 3 Goldammer’s Archiv 519.
107. Lackner K and Kuhl K, Strafgesetzbuch mit Erlauterungen (24th edn, Munich, CH Beck, 2001).
108. LaFave WR and Scott AW, Substantive Criminal Law (St Paul, West Publishers, 1986).
109. Lamb S, ‘Nullum Crimen sine Lege’ in A Cassese, P Gaeta, and JRWD Jones (eds.), The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court: A Commentary (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2002).
110. Landrum BD, ‘The Yamashita War Crimes Trial: Command Responsibility Then and Now’ (1995) 149 Military Law Review 293.
111. Lesch HH, Zeitschrift fur die Gesamte Strafrechtswissenschaft 105 (1993).
112. Lippman MR, ‘The Evolution and Scope of Command Responsibility’ (2000) 13 Leiden Journal of International Law 157.
113. Lopez Barja de Quiroga J, Autoria y Participacion (Madrid, Akal, 1996).
114. Lopez Peregrin MJ, La Complicidad en el Delito (Valencia, Tirant Lo Branch, 1997).
115. Magalhaes Noronha E, Direito Penal, Vol 1: Introducao e Parte Geral (37th Edition, Saraiva, Sao Paulo, 2003).
116. Malarino E, ‘El Caso Argentino’, in K Ambos (ed), Imputacion` dé Crimenes de Subordinados al Dirigente: Un Estudio Comparado (Bogotá, Temis 2008) 37.
117. Maurach R, Gossel KH and Zipf H, Strafrecht Allgemeiner Teil, Teil II (6th edn, Munich, 1984).
118. Meloni C, ‘Command Responsibility: Mode of Liability for the Crimes of Subordinates or Separate Offence of the Superior?’ (2007) 5 Journal of International Criminal Justice 619.
119. Mezger E, Tratado de Derecho Penal Vol II (Madrid, Editorial Revista de Derecho Privado, 1957).
120. Mir Puig S, Derecho Penal: Parte General (6th edn, Barcelona, Edisofer Libros Juridicos, 2002).
121. Moore M, Act and Crime: The Philosophy of Action and its Implications for Criminal Law (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1993).
122. Morris V and Scharf MP, The International Criminal Tribunals for Rwanda (Ardsley, New York, Transnational Publishers, 1998).
123. Munoz Conde F, El Delito de Alzamiento de Bienes (2nd edn, Barcelona, Libreria Bosch, 1999).
124. Munoz Conde F, ‘Problemas de Autoria y Participacion en la Criminalidad Organizada’ in C Ferre Olive and E Anarte Borrallo (eds), Delincuencia Organizada: Aspectos Penales, Procesales y Criminologicos (Universidad de Huelva, 1999).
125. Munoz Conde F, ‘¿Dominio de la Voluntad en virtud de Aparatos Organizados en Organizaciones no Desvinculadas del Derecho?’ (2000) 6 Revista Penal 104.
126. Munoz Conde F, ‘¿Como Imputar a Titulo de Autores a las Personas que sin Realizar Acciones Ejecutivas, Deciden la Realizacion de un Delito en el Ambito de la Delincuencia Economica Empresarial?’ in Donna (dir), Revista de Derecho Penal (9th edn, Buenos Aires, 2002).
127. Munoz Conde F and Garcia Aran M, Derecho Penal: Parte General (5th edn, Valencia, Tirant lo Blanch, 2002).
128. Nybondas M, ‘Civilian Superior Responsibility in the Kordic Case’ (2003) 50 Netherlands International Law Review 59.
129. Obote-Odora A, ‘Conspiracy to Commit Genocide: Prosecutor v Jean Kambanda and Prosecutor v Alfred Musema’ (2001) 8 Murdoch University Electronic Journal of Law.
130. Obote-Odora A, ‘Complicity in Genocide as Understood through the ICTR Experience’ (2002) 2 International Criminal Law Review 375.
131. O’Brien E, ‘The Nuremberg Principles, Command Responsibility and the Defence of Captain Rockwood’ (1985) 149 Minnessotta Law Review 275.
132. Ohlin JD, ‘Three Conceptual Problems with the Doctrine of Joint Criminal Enterprise’ (2007) 5 Journal of International Criminal Justice 69.
133. Olasolo H, The Triggering Procedure of the International Criminal Court (Leiden, Brill, 2005).
134. Olasolo H, ‘A Note on the Evolution of the Principle of Legality in International Criminal Law’ (2007) 2 Criminal Law Forum 301.
135. Olasolo H, ‘Reflections on the Treatment of the Notions of Control of the Crime and Joint Criminal Enterprise in the Stakic Appeal Judgement’ (2007) 7 International Criminal Law Review 143.
136. Olasolo H, Unlawful Attacks in Combat Operations (Leiden, Brill, 2007).
137. Olasolo H and Perez Cepeda A, ‘The Notion of Control of the Crime in the Jurisprudence of the ICTY: The Stakic Case’ (2004) 4 International Criminal Law Review 474.
138. O’Rourke A, ‘Joint Criminal Enterprise and Brdanin: Misguided Overcorrection’ (2006) 47 Harvard International Law Journal 323.
139. Otto H, Strafrecht Allgemeiner Teil (6th edn, 2000).
140. Pagliaro A, Principi di Diritto Penale: Parte Generale (8th edn, Milan Giuffre, 2003).
141. Paliero CE, ‘Grunderfordernisse des Allgemeinen Teils fur ein europaisches Sanktionenrecht. Landesbericht Italien’ (1998) 100 ZSTW 438.
142. Parks WH, ‘Command Responsibility for War Crimes’ (1973) 62 Military Law Review 1.
143. Perez Cepeda A, La Responsabilidad de los Administradores de Sociedades: Criterios de Atribucion (Barcelona, Cedecs Editorial, 1997). ‘Criminalidad en la Empresa: Problemas de Autoria y Participacion’ (2002) 9 Revista Penal 106.
144. Piragoff DK, ‘Article 30: Mental Element’ in O Triffterer (ed), Commentary on the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (Baden-Baden, Nomos, 1999).
145. Politoff S, Matus JP and Ramirez MC, Lecciones de Derecho Penal Chileno: Parte General (Santiago de Chile, Editorial Juridica de Chile, 2003).
146. Pradel J, Droit Penale Compare (Paris, Dalloz, 2002).
147. Quintero Olivares G, Manual de Derecho Penal: Parte General (3rd edn, Pamplona, Aranzadi, 2002).
148. Ransiek A, Unternehmensstrafrecht. Strafrecht, Verfassungsrecht, Regelungsalternativen (Munich, Muller Jur Vlg CF, 1996).
149. Rassat ML, Droit Penal General (2nd edn, Paris, Presses Universitaires France, 1999).
150. Reed A, Fitzpatrick B and Seago P, Criminal Law (Andover, Sweet and Maxwell Publishing, 1999).
151. Reggio A, ‘Aiding and Abetting in International Criminal Law: The Responsibility of Corporate Agents and Business for “Trading with the Enemy” of Mankind’ (2005) 5 International Criminal Law Review 623.
152. Renzikowski J, Restriktiver Taterbegriff und Fahrlassige Beteiligung (Tubingen, Mohr Siebeck, 1997).
153. Rikhof J, ‘Complicity in International Criminal Law and Canadian Refugee Law. A Comparison’ (2006) 4 Journal of International Criminal Justice 702.
154. Robinson PH, ‘Criminal Liability for Omissions: A Brief Summary and Critique of the Law of the United States’ (1984) 55 Revue Internationale de Droit Penal 633.
155. Rodriguez Mourullo G, Comentarios al Codigo Penal (Civitas Ediciones, 1997).
156. Rodriguez-Villasante y Prieto JL, ‘Los Principios Generales del Derecho Penal en el Estatuto de Roma de la Corte Penal Internacional’ (January-June 2000) 75 Revista Espanola de Derecho Militar 381.
157. Rogall K, ‘Bewaltigung von Systemkriminalitat’ in C Roxin and G Widmaier (eds), 50 Jahre Bundesgerichtshof, Festgabe aus der Wissenschaft, Band IV (Munich, 2000).
158. Rotsch T, ‘Die Rechtsfigur des Taters hinter dem Tater bei der Begehung von Straftaten im Rahmen organisatorischer Machtapparate und ihre Ubertragbarkeit auf wirtschaftliche Organisationsstrukturen’ (1998) Neue Zeitschrift fur Strafrecht 495.
159. Rotsch T, ‘Tatherrschaft Kraft Organisationsherrschaft’ (2000) 112 Zeitschrift fir die gesamte Strafrechtswissenschaft 518.
160. Roxin C, La Responsabilidad de los Administradores de Sociedades: Criterios de Atribucion (Barcelona, Cedecs Editorial, 1997).
161. Roxin C, Autoria y Dominio del Hecho en Derecho Penal, (6th edn, Madrid,Marcial Pons, 1998).
162. Roxin C, ‘Problemas de Autoria y Participacion en la Criminalidad Organizada’ in C Ferre Olive and E Anarte Borrallo (eds), Delincuencia Organizada: Aspectos Penales, Procesales y Criminologicos (Universidad de Huelva, 1999).
163. Roxin C, Taterschaft und Tatherrschaft (7th edn, Berlin, Gruyter, 2000).
164. Roxin C, Strafrecht Allgemeiner Teil (Vol II, Munich, Beck Juristischer Verlag, 2003).
165. Rush P and Yeah S, Criminal Law Sourcebook (Sydney, Butterworths, 2000).
166. Sadat LN, The International Criminal Court, and the Transformation of International Law (Ardsley, New York, Transnational Publishers, 2002).
167. Saland P, ‘International Criminal Law Principles’ in RS Lee (ed), The International Criminal Court: The Making of the Rome Statute (The Hague, Kluwer, 1999).
168. Sancinetti MA, Derechos Humanos en la Argentina Postdictatorial (Buenos Aires, Hammurabi, 1988).
169. Sancinetti MA and Ferrante M, El Derecho Penal en la Proteccion de los Derechos Humanos, La Proteccion de los Derechos Humanos mediante el Derecho Penal en las Transiciones Democraticas (Buenos Aires, Hammurabi, 1999).
170. Sandoz Y, Swinarski C, and Zimmermann B, (eds), ICRC Commentary on the Additional Protocols of 8 June 1977 (Geneva, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1987).
171. Schabas WA, ‘General Principles of Criminal Law in the International Criminal Court Statute, Part III’ (1998) 6 European Journal of Crime, Criminal Law and Criminal Justice 417.
172. Schabas WA, Genocide in International Law (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2001).
173. Schabas WA, ‘The International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia 1997–1999’ in A Klip and G Sluiter, Annotated Leading Cases of International Criminal Tribunals (Vol 3, Oxford, Hart Publishing, 2001).
174. Schabas WA, An Introduction to the International Criminal Court (2nd edn, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2004).
175. Schlosser J, Mittelbare Individuelle Verantwortlichkeit im Volkerstrafrecht (Berlin, 2004).
176. Schroeder FC, Der Tater hinter dem Tater: Ein Beitrag zur Lehre von der mittelbaren Taterschaft (Berlin, Duncker and Humblot, 1965).
177. Silva Sanchez J, El Nuevo Codigo Penal: Cinco Cuestiones Fundamentales (Barcelona, 1997).
178. Silva Sanchez J, ‘Responsabilidad Penal de las Empresas y de sus Organos en Derecho Espanol’ in Fundamentos del Sistema Europeo de Derecho Penal. Libro homenaje a Claus Roxin (Barcelona, JM Bosch, 1995).
179. Simons KW, ‘Rethinking Mental States’ (1992) 72 Boston University Law Review 486.
180. Smith JC and Hogan B, Criminal Law (11th edn, London, Butterworths, 2005).
181. Snyman CR, Criminal Law (Durban, Butterworths, 1995).
182. Taylor T, The Anatomy of the Nuremberg Trials: A Personal Memoir (Boston, Little Brown and Company,1992).
183. Thompson B, The Criminal Law of Sierra Leone (Lanham, University Press of America, 1999).
184. Tinta MF, ‘Commanders on Trial: The Blaskic Case and the Doctrine of Command Responsibility’ (2000) 47 Netherlands International Law Review 293.
185. Trechsel S and Noll P, Schweizerisches Strafrecht, Allgemeiner Teil I, Allgemeine Voraussetzungen der Strafbarkeit (5th edn, Zurich, Schulthess, 1998).
186. Tremeear’s Criminal Code, Statutes of Canada Annotated (2003, Carswell).
187. Triffterer O, Die Osterreichische Beteiligungslehre: Eine Regelung Zwischen Einheitstater und Teilnahmesystem? (Vienna, 1983).
188. Triffterer O, (ed), Commentary on the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (Baden- Baden, Nomos 1999; 2nd edition 2008).
189. Triffterer O, ‘Article 10’ in O Triffterer (ed), Commentary on the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (Baden-Baden, Nomos, 1999).
190. Triffterer O, ‘Article 33: Superior Orders and Prescription of Law’ in O Triffterer (ed), Commentary on the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (Baden-Baden, Nomos, 1999).
191. Triffterer O, ‘Causality, A Separate Element of the Doctrine of Superior Responsibility as Expressed in Article 28 Rome Statute?’ (2002) 15 Leiden Journal of International Law 179.
192. Trondle H and Fischer T, Strafgesetzbuch Kommentar (51st edn, Munich, 2003).
193. Van Der Wilt H, ‘Joint Criminal Enterprise: Possibilities and Limitations’ (2007) 5 Journal of International Criminal Justice 96.
194. Van Schaack B and Slye RC, International Criminal Law and Its Enforcement: Cases and Materials (West Conshohocken, Foundation Press 2007).
195. Van Sliedregt E, ‘Joint Criminal Enterprise as a Pathway to Convicting Individuals for Genocide’ (2007) 5 Journal of International Criminal Justice 184.
196. Van Sliedregt E, The Criminal Responsibility of Individuals for Violations of International Humanitarian Law (The Hague, TMC Asser Press, 2003).
197. Velasquez F, Manual de Derecho Penal: Parte General (2nd edn, Bogota, Comlibros, 2004).
198. Vest H, ‘Humanitatsverbrechen—Herausforderung fur das Individualstrafrecht?’ (2001)
199. Vetter GR, ‘Command Responsibility of Non-Military Superiors in the ICC’ (2000) 25 Yale Journal of International Law 89.
200. Vicente Remesal FJ, Penaranda Ramos E, Lavilla Baldo F, Diaz M y Garcia Conlledo, Silva Sanchez JM, Suarez Gonzalez C, Mira Benavent J, and Gonzalez Cussac JL, ‘Autoria y Participacion en Determinados Supuestos de Vigilancia: Comentarios a la STS de 21 de febrero de 1989’ (1992) 27 Poder Judicial 189.
201. Vives Anton T, Libertad de Prensa y Responsabilidad Penal (La regulacion de la autoria en los delitos cometidos por medio de la imprenta) (Madrid, 1977).
202. Von Hebel H and Robinson D, ‘Crimes within the Jurisdiction of the Court’ in RS Lee (ed), The International Criminal Court: The Making of the Rome Statute (The Hague, Kluwer, 1999).
203. Waller L and Williams C, Criminal Law Text and Cases (Sydney, Butterworths, 2001).
204. Weigend E, Das Polnische Strafgesetzbuch/Kodeks Karny. Zweisprachige Ausgabe (Freiburg, Max-Planck-Institut, 1998) 43.
205. Weigend E, ‘Intent, Mistake of Law, and Co-perpetration in the Lubanga Decision on Confirmation of Charges (2008) 6 Journal of International Criminal Justice 471.
206. Welzel H, ‘Studien zum System des Strafrechts’ 58 (1939) ZSTW 491.
207. Werle G, Principles of International Criminal Law (Cambridge, TMC Asser Press, 2005).
208. Werle G, Tratado de Derecho Penal Internacional (Valencia, Tirant lo Blanch, 2005).
209. Werle G, ‘Individual Criminal Responsibility in Article 25 ICC Statute’ (2008) 7 International Criminal law Review 953.
210. Wessels J and Beulke W, Strafrecht Allgemeiner Teil (31st edn, Heidelberg, Muller, 2001).
211. Williamson JA, ‘Command Responsibility in the Case Law of the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda’ (2003) 13 Criminal Law Forum 365.
212. Winograd J, ‘Federal Criminal Conspiracy’ (2004) 41 American Criminal Law Review 611.
213. Zaffaroni ER, Manual de Derecho Penal: Parte General (6th edn, Buenos Aires, Editor SA, 2003).
214. Zahar A, ‘Command Responsibility for Civilian Superiors for Genocide’ (2001) 14 Leiden Journal of International Law 613.
215. Zahar A, ‘The ICTR´s Media Judgement and the Reinvention of Direct and Public Incitement to Commit Genocide’ (2005) 16 Criminal Law Forum 33.
216. Zahar A and Sluiter G, International Criminal Law: A Critical Introduction (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2007).
217. Zoll A, ‘Alleinhandeln und Zusammenwirken aus Polnischer Sicht’ in K Cornils, A Eser and B Huber (eds), Einzelverantwortung und Mitverantwortung im Strafrecht (Friburg, Max-Planck-Institut, 1998).
218. Zugaldia Espinar JM, (ed), Derecho Penal: Parte General (Valencia, Tirant lo Blanch, 2002).