메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn , Issue , 2011, Pages 1552-1577

Hypoglycemia

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords


EID: 85170157560     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1016/B978-1-4377-0324-5.00034-1     Document Type: Chapter
Times cited : (13)

References (236)
  • 1
    • 0000202516 scopus 로고
    • Circulation and energy metabolism of the brain
    • G Siegel, B Agranoff, RW Albers, P Molinoff,(Eds), 5th ed, New York: Raven Press
    • DD Clark and L Sokoloff (1994) Circulation and energy metabolism of the brain. G Siegel, B Agranoff, RW Albers, P Molinoff,(Eds) Basic Neurochemistry: Molecular, Cellular and Medical Aspects 5th ed New York: Raven Press 645-680.
    • (1994) Basic Neurochemistry: Molecular, Cellular and Medical Aspects , pp. 645-680
    • Clark, D.D.1    Sokoloff, L.2
  • 2
    • 62349118969 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation and management of adult hypoglycemic disorders: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline
    • PE Cryer, L Axelrod, AB Grossman, et al. (2009) Evaluation and management of adult hypoglycemic disorders: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 94 709-728.
    • (2009) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.94 , pp. 709-728
    • Cryer, P.E.1    Axelrod, L.2    Grossman, A.B.3
  • 5
    • 34147133340 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypoglycemia, functional brain failure and brain death
    • PE Cryer (2007) Hypoglycemia, functional brain failure and brain death. J Clin Invest 117 868-870.
    • (2007) J Clin Invest , vol.117 , pp. 868-870
    • Cryer, P.E.1
  • 6
    • 9244220626 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis in health and diabetes
    • G Boden (2004) Gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis in health and diabetes. J Investig Med 52 375-378.
    • (2004) J Investig Med , vol.52 , pp. 375-378
    • Boden, G.1
  • 7
    • 0028872833 scopus 로고
    • Uptake and release of glucose by the human kidney
    • M Stumvoll, U Chintalapudi, G Perriello, et al. (1995) Uptake and release of glucose by the human kidney. J Clin Invest 96 2528-2533.
    • (1995) J Clin Invest , vol.96 , pp. 2528-2533
    • Stumvoll, M.1    Chintalapudi, U.2    Perriello, G.3
  • 8
    • 0038321375 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Renal compensation for impaired hepatic glucose release during hypoglycemia in type 2 diabetes: further evidence for hepatorenal reciprocity
    • HJ Woerle, C Meyer, EM Popa, et al. (2003) Renal compensation for impaired hepatic glucose release during hypoglycemia in type 2 diabetes: further evidence for hepatorenal reciprocity. Diabetes 52 1386-1392.
    • (2003) Diabetes , vol.52 , pp. 1386-1392
    • Woerle, H.J.1    Meyer, C.2    Popa, E.M.3
  • 9
    • 0023120629 scopus 로고
    • Glycemic thresholds for activation of glucose counterregulatory systems are higher than the threshold for symptoms
    • NS Schwartz, WE Clutter, SD Shah, et al. (1987) Glycemic thresholds for activation of glucose counterregulatory systems are higher than the threshold for symptoms. J Clin Invest 79 777-781.
    • (1987) J Clin Invest , vol.79 , pp. 777-781
    • Schwartz, N.S.1    Clutter, W.E.2    Shah, S.D.3
  • 10
    • 0026019648 scopus 로고
    • Hierarchy of glycemic thresholds for counterregulatory hormone secretion, symptoms, and cerebral dysfunction
    • A Mitrakou, C Ryan, T Veneman, et al. (1991) Hierarchy of glycemic thresholds for counterregulatory hormone secretion, symptoms, and cerebral dysfunction. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 260 E67-E74.
    • (1991) Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab , vol.260 , pp. E67-E74
    • Mitrakou, A.1    Ryan, C.2    Veneman, T.3
  • 11
    • 0028136625 scopus 로고
    • Relative roles of insulin and hypoglycaemia on induction of neuroendocrine responses to, symptoms of, and deterioration of cognitive function in hypoglycaemia in male and female humans
    • C Fanelli, S Pampanelli, L Epifano, et al. (1994) Relative roles of insulin and hypoglycaemia on induction of neuroendocrine responses to, symptoms of, and deterioration of cognitive function in hypoglycaemia in male and female humans. Diabetologia 37 797-807.
    • (1994) Diabetologia , vol.37 , pp. 797-807
    • Fanelli, C.1    Pampanelli, S.2    Epifano, L.3
  • 12
    • 0027363076 scopus 로고
    • Mechanism of awareness of hypoglycemia. Perception of neurogenic (predominantly cholinergic) rather than neuroglycopenic symptoms
    • DA Towler, CE Havlin, S Craft, et al. (1993) Mechanism of awareness of hypoglycemia. Perception of neurogenic (predominantly cholinergic) rather than neuroglycopenic symptoms. Diabetes 42 1791-1798.
    • (1993) Diabetes , vol.42 , pp. 1791-1798
    • Towler, D.A.1    Havlin, C.E.2    Craft, S.3
  • 13
    • 3042698756 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypoglycemia and the sympathoadrenal system: neurogenic symptoms are largely the result of sympathetic neural, rather than adrenomedullary, activation
    • MA DeRosa and PE Cryer (2004) Hypoglycemia and the sympathoadrenal system: neurogenic symptoms are largely the result of sympathetic neural, rather than adrenomedullary, activation. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 287 E32-E41.
    • (2004) Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab , vol.287 , pp. E32-E41
    • DeRosa, M.A.1    Cryer, P.E.2
  • 14
    • 0037342074 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modulation of hunger by plasma glucose and metformin
    • B Schultes, KM Oltmanns, W Kern, et al. (2003) Modulation of hunger by plasma glucose and metformin. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 88 1133-1141.
    • (2003) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.88 , pp. 1133-1141
    • Schultes, B.1    Oltmanns, K.M.2    Kern, W.3
  • 15
    • 14644439841 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Loss of the decrement in intraislet insulin plausibly explains loss of the glucagon response to hypoglycemia in insulin-deficient diabetes
    • B Raju and PE Cryer (2005) Loss of the decrement in intraislet insulin plausibly explains loss of the glucagon response to hypoglycemia in insulin-deficient diabetes. Diabetes 54 757-764.
    • (2005) Diabetes , vol.54 , pp. 757-764
    • Raju, B.1    Cryer, P.E.2
  • 16
    • 2642593026 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autonomic mediation of glucagon secretion during hypoglycemia: implications for impaired alpha-cell responses in type 1 diabetes
    • GJ Taborsky Jr, B Ahrén and PJ Havel (1998) Autonomic mediation of glucagon secretion during hypoglycemia: implications for impaired alpha-cell responses in type 1 diabetes. Diabetes 47 995-1005.
    • (1998) Diabetes , vol.47 , pp. 995-1005
    • Taborsky, G.J.1    Ahrén, B.2    Havel, P.J.3
  • 17
    • 0021919606 scopus 로고
    • Enhanced glycemic responsiveness to epinephrine in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus is the result of the inability to secrete insulin
    • MA Berk, WE Clutter, D Skor, et al. (1985) Enhanced glycemic responsiveness to epinephrine in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus is the result of the inability to secrete insulin. J Clin Invest 75 1842-1851.
    • (1985) J Clin Invest , vol.75 , pp. 1842-1851
    • Berk, M.A.1    Clutter, W.E.2    Skor, D.3
  • 18
    • 0027292271 scopus 로고
    • Reversibility of unawareness of hypoglycemia in patients with insulinomas
    • A Mitrakou, C Fanelli, T Veneman, et al. (1993) Reversibility of unawareness of hypoglycemia in patients with insulinomas. N Engl J Med 329 834-839.
    • (1993) N Engl J Med , vol.329 , pp. 834-839
    • Mitrakou, A.1    Fanelli, C.2    Veneman, T.3
  • 19
    • 0024269080 scopus 로고
    • Effect of intensive insulin therapy on glycemic thresholds for counterregulatory hormone release
    • SA Amiel, RS Sherwin, DC Simonson, et al. (1988) Effect of intensive insulin therapy on glycemic thresholds for counterregulatory hormone release. Diabetes 37 901-907.
    • (1988) Diabetes , vol.37 , pp. 901-907
    • Amiel, S.A.1    Sherwin, R.S.2    Simonson, D.C.3
  • 20
    • 0023941280 scopus 로고
    • Plasma glucose concentrations at the onset of hypoglycemic symptoms in patients with poorly controlled diabetes and in nondiabetics
    • PJ Boyle, NS Schwartz, SD Shah, et al. (1988) Plasma glucose concentrations at the onset of hypoglycemic symptoms in patients with poorly controlled diabetes and in nondiabetics. N Engl J Med 318 1487-1492.
    • (1988) N Engl J Med , vol.318 , pp. 1487-1492
    • Boyle, P.J.1    Schwartz, N.S.2    Shah, S.D.3
  • 21
    • 0027370108 scopus 로고
    • The effect of intensive treatment of diabetes on the development and progression of long-term complications in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
    • The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group (1993) The effect of intensive treatment of diabetes on the development and progression of long-term complications in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med 329 977-986.
    • (1993) N Engl J Med , vol.329 , pp. 977-986
  • 22
    • 0027952951 scopus 로고
    • Mortality and treatment side-effects during long-term intensified conventional insulin treatment in the Stockholm Diabetes Intervention Study
    • P Reichard and M Pihl (1994) Mortality and treatment side-effects during long-term intensified conventional insulin treatment in the Stockholm Diabetes Intervention Study. Diabetes 43 313-317.
    • (1994) Diabetes , vol.43 , pp. 313-317
    • Reichard, P.1    Pihl, M.2
  • 23
    • 20444408424 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Frequency and predictors of hypoglycaemia in type 1 and insulin-treated type 2 diabetes: a population-based study
    • LA Donnelly, AD Morris, BM Frier, et al. (2005) Frequency and predictors of hypoglycaemia in type 1 and insulin-treated type 2 diabetes: a population-based study. Diabet Med 22 749-755.
    • (2005) Diabet Med , vol.22 , pp. 749-755
    • Donnelly, L.A.1    Morris, A.D.2    Frier, B.M.3
  • 24
    • 34247871323 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk of hypoglycaemia in types 1 and 2 diabetes: effects of treatment modalities and their duration
    • U.K. Hypoglycaemia Study Group (2007) Risk of hypoglycaemia in types 1 and 2 diabetes: effects of treatment modalities and their duration. Diabetologia 50 1140-1147.
    • (2007) Diabetologia , vol.50 , pp. 1140-1147
  • 25
    • 0031006603 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypoglycemia in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial
    • The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group (1997) Hypoglycemia in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial. Diabetes 46 271-286.
    • (1997) Diabetes , vol.46 , pp. 271-286
  • 26
    • 0029147687 scopus 로고
    • Intensive insulin therapy prevents the progression of diabetic microvascular complications in Japanese patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: a randomized prospective 6-year study
    • Y Ohkubo, H Kishikawa, E Araki, et al. (1995) Intensive insulin therapy prevents the progression of diabetic microvascular complications in Japanese patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: a randomized prospective 6-year study. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 28 103-117.
    • (1995) Diabetes Res Clin Pract , vol.28 , pp. 103-117
    • Ohkubo, Y.1    Kishikawa, H.2    Araki, E.3
  • 27
    • 0029082033 scopus 로고
    • Veterans Affairs Cooperative Study on glycemic control and complications in type II diabetes (VA CSDM)
    • C Abraira, JA Colwell, FQ Nuttall, et al. (1995) Veterans Affairs Cooperative Study on glycemic control and complications in type II diabetes (VA CSDM). Diabetes Care 18 1113-1123.
    • (1995) Diabetes Care , vol.18 , pp. 1113-1123
    • Abraira, C.1    Colwell, J.A.2    Nuttall, F.Q.3
  • 28
    • 0343724362 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of bedtime insulin regimens in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized, controlled trial
    • H Yki-Järvinen, L Ryysy, K Nikkilä, et al. (1999) Comparison of bedtime insulin regimens in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized, controlled trial. Ann Intern Med 130 389-396.
    • (1999) Ann Intern Med , vol.130 , pp. 389-396
    • Yki-Järvinen, H.1    Ryysy, L.2    Nikkilä, K.3
  • 29
    • 10244235261 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Implantable insulin pump vs multiple-dose insulin for non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: a randomized clinical trial
    • CD Saudek, WC Duckworth, A Giobbie-Hurder, et al. (1996) Implantable insulin pump vs multiple-dose insulin for non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA 276 1322-1327.
    • (1996) JAMA , vol.276 , pp. 1322-1327
    • Saudek, C.D.1    Duckworth, W.C.2    Giobbie-Hurder, A.3
  • 30
    • 11844274699 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypoglycemia in stable, insulin-treated veterans with type 2 diabetes: a prospective study of 1662 episodes
    • GH Murata, WC Duckworth, JH Shah, et al. (2005) Hypoglycemia in stable, insulin-treated veterans with type 2 diabetes: a prospective study of 1662 episodes. J Diabetes Complications 19 10-17.
    • (2005) J Diabetes Complications , vol.19 , pp. 10-17
    • Murata, G.H.1    Duckworth, W.C.2    Shah, J.H.3
  • 31
    • 0005169502 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study 24: a 6-year, randomized, controlled trial comparing sulfonylurea, insulin, and metformin therapy in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes that could not be controlled with diet therapy
    • United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study Group (1998) United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study 24: a 6-year, randomized, controlled trial comparing sulfonylurea, insulin, and metformin therapy in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes that could not be controlled with diet therapy. Ann Intern Med 128 165-175.
    • (1998) Ann Intern Med , vol.128 , pp. 165-175
  • 32
    • 0027399450 scopus 로고
    • Frequency and symptoms of hypoglycaemia experienced by patients with type 2 diabetes treated with insulin
    • DA Hepburn, KM MacLeod, AC Pell, et al. (1993) Frequency and symptoms of hypoglycaemia experienced by patients with type 2 diabetes treated with insulin. Diabet Med 10 231-237.
    • (1993) Diabet Med , vol.10 , pp. 231-237
    • Hepburn, D.A.1    MacLeod, K.M.2    Pell, A.C.3
  • 33
    • 0141955049 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical characterisation of severe hypoglycaemia: a prospective population-based study
    • A Holstein, A Plaschke and EH Egberts (2003) Clinical characterisation of severe hypoglycaemia: a prospective population-based study. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 111 364-369.
    • (2003) Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes , vol.111 , pp. 364-369
    • Holstein, A.1    Plaschke, A.2    Egberts, E.H.3
  • 34
    • 0041666594 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Frequency of severe hypoglycemia requiring emergency treatment in type 1 and type 2 diabetes: a population-based study of health service resource use
    • GP Leese, J Wang, J Broomhall, et al., DARTS/MEMO Collaboration (2003) Frequency of severe hypoglycemia requiring emergency treatment in type 1 and type 2 diabetes: a population-based study of health service resource use. Diabetes Care 26 1176-1180.
    • (2003) Diabetes Care , vol.26 , pp. 1176-1180
    • Leese, G.P.1    Wang, J.2    Broomhall, J.3
  • 35
    • 33751003491 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypoglycemia in type 2 diabetic patients randomized to and maintained on monotherapy with diet, sulfonylurea, metformin, or insulin for 6 years from diagnosis. UKPDS73
    • for the UKPDS Group
    • AD Wright, CA Cull, KM Macleod, et al. (2006) Hypoglycemia in type 2 diabetic patients randomized to and maintained on monotherapy with diet, sulfonylurea, metformin, or insulin for 6 years from diagnosis. UKPDS73. J Diabetes Complications 20 395-401. for the UKPDS Group
    • (2006) J Diabetes Complications , vol.20 , pp. 395-401
    • Wright, A.D.1    Cull, C.A.2    Macleod, K.M.3
  • 36
    • 0028958816 scopus 로고
    • Reduced awareness of hypoglycemia in adults with IDDM: a prospective study of hypoglycemic frequency and associated symptoms
    • WL Clarke, DJ Cox, LA Gonder-Frederick, et al. (1995) Reduced awareness of hypoglycemia in adults with IDDM: a prospective study of hypoglycemic frequency and associated symptoms. Diabetes Care 18 517-522.
    • (1995) Diabetes Care , vol.18 , pp. 517-522
    • Clarke, W.L.1    Cox, D.J.2    Gonder-Frederick, L.A.3
  • 37
    • 0026084950 scopus 로고
    • Symptomatic hypoglycaemia in 411 type 1 diabetic patients
    • S Pramming, B Thorsteinsson, I Bendtson, et al. (1991) Symptomatic hypoglycaemia in 411 type 1 diabetic patients. Diabet Med 8 217-222.
    • (1991) Diabet Med , vol.8 , pp. 217-222
    • Pramming, S.1    Thorsteinsson, B.2    Bendtson, I.3
  • 38
    • 0038619056 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recall of severe hypoglycaemia and self-estimated state of awareness in type 1 diabetes
    • U Pedersen-Bjergaard, S Pramming and B Thorsteinsson (2003) Recall of severe hypoglycaemia and self-estimated state of awareness in type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 19 232-240.
    • (2003) Diabetes Metab Res Rev , vol.19 , pp. 232-240
    • Pedersen-Bjergaard, U.1    Pramming, S.2    Thorsteinsson, B.3
  • 39
    • 34247863937 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term effect of diabetes and its treatment on cognitive function
    • Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications Study Research Group (2007) Long-term effect of diabetes and its treatment on cognitive function. N Engl J Med 356 1842-1852.
    • (2007) N Engl J Med , vol.356 , pp. 1842-1852
  • 40
    • 25644444010 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Frequency and timing of severe hypoglycemia affects spatial memory in children with type 1 diabetes
    • T Hershey, DC Perantie, SL Warren, et al. (2005) Frequency and timing of severe hypoglycemia affects spatial memory in children with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care 28 2372-2377.
    • (2005) Diabetes Care , vol.28 , pp. 2372-2377
    • Hershey, T.1    Perantie, D.C.2    Warren, S.L.3
  • 41
    • 34548387965 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regional brain volume differences associated with hyperglycemia and severe hypoglycemia in youth with type 1 diabetes
    • DC Perantie, J Wu, JM Koller, et al. (2007) Regional brain volume differences associated with hyperglycemia and severe hypoglycemia in youth with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care 30 2331-2337.
    • (2007) Diabetes Care , vol.30 , pp. 2331-2337
    • Perantie, D.C.1    Wu, J.2    Koller, J.M.3
  • 42
    • 0030576192 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The psychological care of patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
    • AM Jacobson (1996) The psychological care of patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med 334 1249-1253.
    • (1996) N Engl J Med , vol.334 , pp. 1249-1253
    • Jacobson, A.M.1
  • 43
    • 0018189863 scopus 로고
    • Prognosis of diabetics with diabetes onset before the age of thirty-one. I: Survival, causes of death, and complications
    • T Deckert, JE Poulsen and M Larsen (1978) Prognosis of diabetics with diabetes onset before the age of thirty-one. I: Survival, causes of death, and complications. Diabetologia 14 363-370.
    • (1978) Diabetologia , vol.14 , pp. 363-370
    • Deckert, T.1    Poulsen, J.E.2    Larsen, M.3
  • 44
    • 0019512356 scopus 로고
    • Factors contributing to deaths of diabetics under fifty years of age
    • WM Tunbridge (1981) Factors contributing to deaths of diabetics under fifty years of age. Lancet 2 569-572.
    • (1981) Lancet , vol.2 , pp. 569-572
    • Tunbridge, W.M.1
  • 45
    • 0032751824 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The British Diabetic Association Cohort Study. I: all-cause mortality in patients with insulin-treated diabetes mellitus
    • SP Laing, AJ Swerdlow, SD Slater, et al. (1999) The British Diabetic Association Cohort Study. I: all-cause mortality in patients with insulin-treated diabetes mellitus. Diabet Med 16 459-465.
    • (1999) Diabet Med , vol.16 , pp. 459-465
    • Laing, S.P.1    Swerdlow, A.J.2    Slater, S.D.3
  • 46
    • 48649097595 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute complications and drug misuse are important causes of death for children and young adults with type 1 diabetes: results from the Yorkshire Register of diabetes in children and young adults
    • RG Feltbower, HJ Bodansky, CC Patterson, et al. (2008) Acute complications and drug misuse are important causes of death for children and young adults with type 1 diabetes: results from the Yorkshire Register of diabetes in children and young adults. Diabetes Care 31 922-926.
    • (2008) Diabetes Care , vol.31 , pp. 922-926
    • Feltbower, R.G.1    Bodansky, H.J.2    Patterson, C.C.3
  • 47
    • 31844437817 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term mortality in a nationwide cohort of childhood-onset type 1 diabetic patients in Norway
    • T Skrivarhaug, HJ Bangstad, LC Stene, et al. (2006) Long-term mortality in a nationwide cohort of childhood-onset type 1 diabetic patients in Norway. Diabetologia 49 298-305.
    • (2006) Diabetologia , vol.49 , pp. 298-305
    • Skrivarhaug, T.1    Bangstad, H.J.2    Stene, L.C.3
  • 48
    • 0024465303 scopus 로고
    • Oral hypoglycemic agents
    • JE Gerich (1989) Oral hypoglycemic agents. N Engl J Med 321 1231-1245.
    • (1989) N Engl J Med , vol.321 , pp. 1231-1245
    • Gerich, J.E.1
  • 49
    • 0344851577 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk of hypoglycaemia with oral antidiabetic agents in patients with type 2 diabetes
    • A Holstein and EH Egberts (2003) Risk of hypoglycaemia with oral antidiabetic agents in patients with type 2 diabetes. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 111 405-414.
    • (2003) Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes , vol.111 , pp. 405-414
    • Holstein, A.1    Egberts, E.H.2
  • 50
    • 45149131667 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of intensive glucose lowering in type 2 diabetes
    • Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes Study Group (2008) Effects of intensive glucose lowering in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 358 2545-2559.
    • (2008) N Engl J Med , vol.358 , pp. 2545-2559
  • 51
    • 0038659995 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of abnormal cardiac repolarization during insulin-induced hypoglycemia
    • RT Robinson, ND Harris, RH Ireland, et al. (2003) Mechanisms of abnormal cardiac repolarization during insulin-induced hypoglycemia. Diabetes 52 1469-1474.
    • (2003) Diabetes , vol.52 , pp. 1469-1474
    • Robinson, R.T.1    Harris, N.D.2    Ireland, R.H.3
  • 52
    • 23944508732 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of atenolol on QTc interval lengthening during hypoglycaemia in type 1 diabetes
    • SP Lee, ND Harris, RT Robinson, et al. (2005) Effect of atenolol on QTc interval lengthening during hypoglycaemia in type 1 diabetes. Diabetologia 48 1269-1272.
    • (2005) Diabetologia , vol.48 , pp. 1269-1272
    • Lee, S.P.1    Harris, N.D.2    Robinson, R.T.3
  • 53
    • 57449122023 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of a controlled hypoglycaemia test on QTc in adolescents with Type 1 diabetes
    • A Rothenbuhler, CP Bibal, S Le Fur, et al. (2008) Effects of a controlled hypoglycaemia test on QTc in adolescents with Type 1 diabetes. Diabet Med 25 1483-1485.
    • (2008) Diabet Med , vol.25 , pp. 1483-1485
    • Rothenbuhler, A.1    Bibal, C.P.2    Le Fur, S.3
  • 54
    • 19944426340 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prolonged cardiac repolarisation during spontaneous nocturnal hypoglycaemia in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes
    • NP Murphy, ME Ford-Adams, KK Ong, et al. (2004) Prolonged cardiac repolarisation during spontaneous nocturnal hypoglycaemia in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Diabetologia 47 1940-1947.
    • (2004) Diabetologia , vol.47 , pp. 1940-1947
    • Murphy, N.P.1    Ford-Adams, M.E.2    Ong, K.K.3
  • 55
    • 57249094211 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiac arrhythmia and nocturnal hypoglycaemia in type 1 diabetes: the “dead in bed” syndrome revisited
    • GV Gill, A Woodward, IF Casson, et al. (2009) Cardiac arrhythmia and nocturnal hypoglycaemia in type 1 diabetes: the “dead in bed” syndrome revisited. Diabetologia 52 42-45.
    • (2009) Diabetologia , vol.52 , pp. 42-45
    • Gill, G.V.1    Woodward, A.2    Casson, I.F.3
  • 56
    • 0025093565 scopus 로고
    • QT interval length and diabetic autonomic neuropathy
    • DJ Ewing and JM Neilson (1990) QT interval length and diabetic autonomic neuropathy. Diabet Med 7 23-26.
    • (1990) Diabet Med , vol.7 , pp. 23-26
    • Ewing, D.J.1    Neilson, J.M.2
  • 57
    • 63249134829 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antecedent hypoglycemia impairs autonomic cardiovascular function: implications for rigorous glycemic control
    • GK Adler, I Bonyhay, H Failing, et al. (2009) Antecedent hypoglycemia impairs autonomic cardiovascular function: implications for rigorous glycemic control. Diabetes 58 360-366.
    • (2009) Diabetes , vol.58 , pp. 360-366
    • Adler, G.K.1    Bonyhay, I.2    Failing, H.3
  • 58
    • 18144388647 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Defining and reporting hypoglycemia in diabetes
    • American Diabetes Association Workgroup on Hypoglycemia (2005) Defining and reporting hypoglycemia in diabetes. Diabetes Care 28 1245-1249.
    • (2005) Diabetes Care , vol.28 , pp. 1245-1249
  • 60
    • 0030837024 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of differing antecedent hypoglycemia on subsequent counterregulation in normal humans
    • SN Davis, C Shavers, R Mosqueda-Garcia, et al. (1997) Effects of differing antecedent hypoglycemia on subsequent counterregulation in normal humans. Diabetes 46 1328-1335.
    • (1997) Diabetes , vol.46 , pp. 1328-1335
    • Davis, S.N.1    Shavers, C.2    Mosqueda-Garcia, R.3
  • 61
    • 57249113726 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preventing hypoglycaemia: what is the appropriate glucose alert value?
    • PE Cryer (2009) Preventing hypoglycaemia: what is the appropriate glucose alert value? Diabetologia 52 35-37.
    • (2009) Diabetologia , vol.52 , pp. 35-37
    • Cryer, P.E.1
  • 62
    • 0027465021 scopus 로고
    • Hypoglycemia-associated autonomic failure in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: recent antecedent hypoglycemia reduces autonomic responses to, symptoms of, and defense against subsequent hypoglycemia
    • SE Dagogo-Jack, S Craft and PE Cryer (1993) Hypoglycemia-associated autonomic failure in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: recent antecedent hypoglycemia reduces autonomic responses to, symptoms of, and defense against subsequent hypoglycemia. J Clin Invest 91 819-828.
    • (1993) J Clin Invest , vol.91 , pp. 819-828
    • Dagogo-Jack, S.E.1    Craft, S.2    Cryer, P.E.3
  • 63
    • 0036314189 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypoglycemia-associated autonomic failure in advanced type 2 diabetes
    • SA Segel, DS Paramore and PE Cryer (2002) Hypoglycemia-associated autonomic failure in advanced type 2 diabetes. Diabetes 51 724-733.
    • (2002) Diabetes , vol.51 , pp. 724-733
    • Segel, S.A.1    Paramore, D.S.2    Cryer, P.E.3
  • 64
    • 0020674603 scopus 로고
    • Identification of type I diabetic patients at increased risk for hypoglycemia during intensive therapy
    • NH White, DA Skor, PE Cryer, et al. (1983) Identification of type I diabetic patients at increased risk for hypoglycemia during intensive therapy. N Engl J Med 308 485-491.
    • (1983) N Engl J Med , vol.308 , pp. 485-491
    • White, N.H.1    Skor, D.A.2    Cryer, P.E.3
  • 65
    • 0021229020 scopus 로고
    • A reliable and reproducible test for adequate glucose counterregulation in type I diabetes mellitus
    • GB Bolli, P De Feo, S De Cosmo, et al. (1984) A reliable and reproducible test for adequate glucose counterregulation in type I diabetes mellitus. Diabetes 33 732-737.
    • (1984) Diabetes , vol.33 , pp. 732-737
    • Bolli, G.B.1    De Feo, P.2    De Cosmo, S.3
  • 66
    • 41749114957 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of impaired awareness of hypoglycaemia in adults with type 1 diabetes
    • J Geddes, JE Schopman, NN Zammitt, et al. (2008) Prevalence of impaired awareness of hypoglycaemia in adults with type 1 diabetes. Diabet Med 25 501-504.
    • (2008) Diabet Med , vol.25 , pp. 501-504
    • Geddes, J.1    Schopman, J.E.2    Zammitt, N.N.3
  • 67
    • 0026035949 scopus 로고
    • Reduced neuroendocrine and symptomatic responses to subsequent hypoglycemia after 1 episode of hypoglycemia in nondiabetic humans
    • SR Heller and PE Cryer (1991) Reduced neuroendocrine and symptomatic responses to subsequent hypoglycemia after 1 episode of hypoglycemia in nondiabetic humans. Diabetes 40 223-226.
    • (1991) Diabetes , vol.40 , pp. 223-226
    • Heller, S.R.1    Cryer, P.E.2
  • 68
    • 0034984019 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of antecedent prolonged exercise on subsequent counterregulatory responses to hypoglycemia
    • P Galassetti, S Mann, D Tate, et al. (2001) Effects of antecedent prolonged exercise on subsequent counterregulatory responses to hypoglycemia. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 280 E908-E917.
    • (2001) Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab , vol.280 , pp. E908-E917
    • Galassetti, P.1    Mann, S.2    Tate, D.3
  • 69
    • 3042784499 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of low and moderate antecedent exercise on counterregulatory responses to subsequent hypoglycemia in type 1 diabetes
    • DA Sandoval, DL Guy, MA Richardson, et al. (2004) Effects of low and moderate antecedent exercise on counterregulatory responses to subsequent hypoglycemia in type 1 diabetes. Diabetes 53 1798-1806.
    • (2004) Diabetes , vol.53 , pp. 1798-1806
    • Sandoval, D.A.1    Guy, D.L.2    Richardson, M.A.3
  • 70
    • 1842832105 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence for a vicious cycle of exercise and hypoglycemia in type 1 diabetes mellitus
    • AC Ertl and SN Davis (2004) Evidence for a vicious cycle of exercise and hypoglycemia in type 1 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 20 124-130.
    • (2004) Diabetes Metab Res Rev , vol.20 , pp. 124-130
    • Ertl, A.C.1    Davis, S.N.2
  • 71
    • 0032482390 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decreased epinephrine responses to hypoglycemia during sleep
    • TW Jones, P Porter, RS Sherwin, et al. (1998) Decreased epinephrine responses to hypoglycemia during sleep. N Engl J Med 338 1657-1662.
    • (1998) N Engl J Med , vol.338 , pp. 1657-1662
    • Jones, T.W.1    Porter, P.2    Sherwin, R.S.3
  • 72
    • 0242516067 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sleep-related hypoglycemia-associated autonomic failure in type 1 diabetes: reduced awakening from sleep during hypoglycemia
    • S Banarer and PE Cryer (2003) Sleep-related hypoglycemia-associated autonomic failure in type 1 diabetes: reduced awakening from sleep during hypoglycemia. Diabetes 52 1195-1203.
    • (2003) Diabetes , vol.52 , pp. 1195-1203
    • Banarer, S.1    Cryer, P.E.2
  • 73
    • 33847629705 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Defective awakening response to nocturnal hypoglycemia in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus
    • B Schultes, K Jauch-Chara, S Gais, et al. (2007) Defective awakening response to nocturnal hypoglycemia in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. PLoS Med 4 e69.
    • (2007) PLoS Med , vol.4 , pp. e69
    • Schultes, B.1    Jauch-Chara, K.2    Gais, S.3
  • 74
    • 0023554698 scopus 로고
    • Hypoglycemic symptoms and decreased beta-adrenergic sensitivity in insulin-dependent diabetic patients
    • I Berlin, A Grimaldi, C Payan, et al. (1987) Hypoglycemic symptoms and decreased beta-adrenergic sensitivity in insulin-dependent diabetic patients. Diabetes Care 10 742-747.
    • (1987) Diabetes Care , vol.10 , pp. 742-747
    • Berlin, I.1    Grimaldi, A.2    Payan, C.3
  • 75
    • 0035340613 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Avoidance of hypoglycemia restores hypoglycemia awareness by increasing beta-adrenergic sensitivity in type 1 diabetes
    • A Fritsche, N Stefan, H Häring, et al. (2001) Avoidance of hypoglycemia restores hypoglycemia awareness by increasing beta-adrenergic sensitivity in type 1 diabetes. Ann Intern Med 134 729-736.
    • (2001) Ann Intern Med , vol.134 , pp. 729-736
    • Fritsche, A.1    Stefan, N.2    Häring, H.3
  • 76
    • 33747712599 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preserved sensitivity to beta2-adrenergic receptor agonists in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus and hypoglycemia unawareness
    • BE De Galan, P De Mol, L Wennekes, et al. (2006) Preserved sensitivity to beta2-adrenergic receptor agonists in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus and hypoglycemia unawareness. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 91 2878-2881.
    • (2006) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.91 , pp. 2878-2881
    • De Galan, B.E.1    De Mol, P.2    Wennekes, L.3
  • 77
    • 0030897350 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contribution of autonomic neuropathy to reduced plasma adrenaline responses to hypoglycemia in IDDM: evidence for a nonselective defect
    • P Bottini, E Boschetti, S Pampanelli, et al. (1997) Contribution of autonomic neuropathy to reduced plasma adrenaline responses to hypoglycemia in IDDM: evidence for a nonselective defect. Diabetes 46 814-823.
    • (1997) Diabetes , vol.46 , pp. 814-823
    • Bottini, P.1    Boschetti, E.2    Pampanelli, S.3
  • 78
    • 0031752991 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of autonomic neuropathy on counterregulation and awareness of hypoglycemia in type 1 diabetic patients
    • C Meyer, R Grossmann, A Mitrakou, et al. (1998) Effects of autonomic neuropathy on counterregulation and awareness of hypoglycemia in type 1 diabetic patients. Diabetes Care 21 1960-1966.
    • (1998) Diabetes Care , vol.21 , pp. 1960-1966
    • Meyer, C.1    Grossmann, R.2    Mitrakou, A.3
  • 79
    • 0031738419 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of nocturnal hypoglycemia on hypoglycemic cognitive dysfunction in type 1 diabetes
    • CG Fanelli, DS Paramore, T Hershey, et al. (1998) Impact of nocturnal hypoglycemia on hypoglycemic cognitive dysfunction in type 1 diabetes. Diabetes 47 1920-1927.
    • (1998) Diabetes , vol.47 , pp. 1920-1927
    • Fanelli, C.G.1    Paramore, D.S.2    Hershey, T.3
  • 80
    • 0031679648 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brief twice-weekly episodes of hypoglycemia reduce detection of clinical hypoglycemia in type 1 diabetes mellitus
    • F Ovalle, CG Fanelli, DS Paramore, et al. (1998) Brief twice-weekly episodes of hypoglycemia reduce detection of clinical hypoglycemia in type 1 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes 47 1472-1479.
    • (1998) Diabetes , vol.47 , pp. 1472-1479
    • Ovalle, F.1    Fanelli, C.G.2    Paramore, D.S.3
  • 81
    • 0027444659 scopus 로고
    • Meticulous prevention of hypoglycemia normalizes the glycemic thresholds and magnitude of most of neuroendocrine responses to, symptoms of, and cognitive function during hypoglycemia in intensively treated patients with short-term IDDM
    • CG Fanelli, L Epifano, AM Rambotti, et al. (1993) Meticulous prevention of hypoglycemia normalizes the glycemic thresholds and magnitude of most of neuroendocrine responses to, symptoms of, and cognitive function during hypoglycemia in intensively treated patients with short-term IDDM. Diabetes 42 1683-1689.
    • (1993) Diabetes , vol.42 , pp. 1683-1689
    • Fanelli, C.G.1    Epifano, L.2    Rambotti, A.M.3
  • 82
    • 0028237872 scopus 로고
    • Restoration of hypoglycaemia awareness in patients with long-duration insulin-dependent diabetes
    • I Cranston, J Lomas, A Maran, et al. (1994) Restoration of hypoglycaemia awareness in patients with long-duration insulin-dependent diabetes. Lancet 344 283-287.
    • (1994) Lancet , vol.344 , pp. 283-287
    • Cranston, I.1    Lomas, J.2    Maran, A.3
  • 83
    • 0028072770 scopus 로고
    • Long-term recovery from unawareness, deficient counterregulation and lack of cognitive dysfunction during hypoglycaemia, following institution of rational, intensive insulin therapy in IDDM
    • C Fanelli, S Pampanelli, L Epifano, et al. (1994) Long-term recovery from unawareness, deficient counterregulation and lack of cognitive dysfunction during hypoglycaemia, following institution of rational, intensive insulin therapy in IDDM. Diabetologia 37 1265-1276.
    • (1994) Diabetologia , vol.37 , pp. 1265-1276
    • Fanelli, C.1    Pampanelli, S.2    Epifano, L.3
  • 84
    • 0028608981 scopus 로고
    • Reversal of hypoglycemia unawareness, but not defective glucose counterregulation, in IDDM
    • S Dagogo-Jack, C Rattarasarn and PE Cryer (1994) Reversal of hypoglycemia unawareness, but not defective glucose counterregulation, in IDDM. Diabetes 43 1426-1434.
    • (1994) Diabetes , vol.43 , pp. 1426-1434
    • Dagogo-Jack, S.1    Rattarasarn, C.2    Cryer, P.E.3
  • 85
    • 0023620027 scopus 로고
    • Postexercise late-onset hypoglycemia in insulin-dependent diabetic patients
    • MJ MacDonald (1987) Postexercise late-onset hypoglycemia in insulin-dependent diabetic patients. Diabetes Care 10 584-588.
    • (1987) Diabetes Care , vol.10 , pp. 584-588
    • MacDonald, M.J.1
  • 86
    • 33644878627 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of aerobic exercise on glucose and counterregulatory hormone concentrations in children with type 1 diabetes
    • for The Diabetes Research in Children Network (DirecNet) Study Group
    • MJ Tansey, E Tsalikian, RW Beck, et al. (2006) The effects of aerobic exercise on glucose and counterregulatory hormone concentrations in children with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care 29 20-25. for The Diabetes Research in Children Network (DirecNet) Study Group
    • (2006) Diabetes Care , vol.29 , pp. 20-25
    • Tansey, M.J.1    Tsalikian, E.2    Beck, R.W.3
  • 87
    • 0025602096 scopus 로고
    • Glucagon, catecholamine and pancreatic polypeptide secretion in type I diabetic recipients of pancreas allografts
    • P Diem, JB Redmon, M Abid, et al. (1990) Glucagon, catecholamine and pancreatic polypeptide secretion in type I diabetic recipients of pancreas allografts. J Clin Invest 86 2008-2013.
    • (1990) J Clin Invest , vol.86 , pp. 2008-2013
    • Diem, P.1    Redmon, J.B.2    Abid, M.3
  • 88
    • 0035512078 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pancreatic response to mild non-insulin-induced hypoglycemia does not involve extrinsic neural input
    • SM Sherck, M Shiota, J Saccomando, et al. (2001) Pancreatic response to mild non-insulin-induced hypoglycemia does not involve extrinsic neural input. Diabetes 50 2487-2496.
    • (2001) Diabetes , vol.50 , pp. 2487-2496
    • Sherck, S.M.1    Shiota, M.2    Saccomando, J.3
  • 89
    • 33644664033 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of hypoglycemia-associated autonomic failure and its component syndromes in diabetes
    • PE Cryer (2005) Mechanisms of hypoglycemia-associated autonomic failure and its component syndromes in diabetes. Diabetes 54 3592-3601.
    • (2005) Diabetes , vol.54 , pp. 3592-3601
    • Cryer, P.E.1
  • 90
    • 52749085796 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bringing light to the dark side of insulin: a journey across the blood-brain barrier
    • RS Sherwin (2008) Bringing light to the dark side of insulin: a journey across the blood-brain barrier. Diabetes 57 2259-2268.
    • (2008) Diabetes , vol.57 , pp. 2259-2268
    • Sherwin, R.S.1
  • 91
    • 1942469342 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activation of human medial prefrontal cortex during autonomic responses to hypoglycemia
    • D Teves, TO Videen, PE Cryer, et al. (2004) Activation of human medial prefrontal cortex during autonomic responses to hypoglycemia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 101 6217-6221.
    • (2004) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.101 , pp. 6217-6221
    • Teves, D.1    Videen, T.O.2    Cryer, P.E.3
  • 92
    • 40749137051 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Attenuation of counterregulatory responses to recurrent hypoglycemia by active thalamic inhibition: a mechanism for hypoglycemia-associated autonomic failure
    • AM Arbelaez, WJ Powers, TO Videen, et al. (2008) Attenuation of counterregulatory responses to recurrent hypoglycemia by active thalamic inhibition: a mechanism for hypoglycemia-associated autonomic failure. Diabetes 57 470-475.
    • (2008) Diabetes , vol.57 , pp. 470-475
    • Arbelaez, A.M.1    Powers, W.J.2    Videen, T.O.3
  • 94
    • 0025806276 scopus 로고
    • Epidemiology of severe hypoglycemia in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial
    • The DCCT Research Group (1991) Epidemiology of severe hypoglycemia in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial. Am J Med 90 450-459.
    • (1991) Am J Med , vol.90 , pp. 450-459
  • 95
    • 0023855186 scopus 로고
    • Correlation between minimal secretory capacity of pancreatic beta-cells and stability of diabetic control
    • M Fukuda, A Tanaka, Y Tahara, et al. (1988) Correlation between minimal secretory capacity of pancreatic beta-cells and stability of diabetic control. Diabetes 37 81-88.
    • (1988) Diabetes , vol.37 , pp. 81-88
    • Fukuda, M.1    Tanaka, A.2    Tahara, Y.3
  • 96
    • 77952766075 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determinants of severe hypoglycemia complicating type 2 diabetes: The Fremantle Diabetes Study
    • TME Davis, SGA Brown, IG Jacobs, et al. (2010) Determinants of severe hypoglycemia complicating type 2 diabetes: The Fremantle Diabetes Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 95 2240-2247.
    • (2010) J Clin Endocrinol Metab. , vol.95 , pp. 2240-2247
    • Davis, T.M.E.1    Brown, S.G.A.2    Jacobs, I.G.3
  • 97
    • 0031794057 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk factors of severe hypoglycaemia in adult patients with Type I diabetes: a prospective population based study
    • I Mühlhauser, H Overmann, R Bender, et al. (1998) Risk factors of severe hypoglycaemia in adult patients with Type I diabetes: a prospective population based study. Diabetologia 41 1274-1282.
    • (1998) Diabetologia , vol.41 , pp. 1274-1282
    • Mühlhauser, I.1    Overmann, H.2    Bender, R.3
  • 98
    • 0035513707 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk factors for frequent and severe hypoglycemia in type 1 diabetes
    • C Allen, T LeCaire, M Palta, et al. (2001) Risk factors for frequent and severe hypoglycemia in type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care 24 1878-1881.
    • (2001) Diabetes Care , vol.24 , pp. 1878-1881
    • Allen, C.1    LeCaire, T.2    Palta, M.3
  • 99
    • 0041666293 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Beta-cell function and the development of diabetes-related complications in the diabetes control and complications trial
    • MW Steffes, S Sibley, M Jackson, et al. (2003) Beta-cell function and the development of diabetes-related complications in the diabetes control and complications trial. Diabetes Care 26 832-836.
    • (2003) Diabetes Care , vol.26 , pp. 832-836
    • Steffes, M.W.1    Sibley, S.2    Jackson, M.3
  • 100
    • 33947704161 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PREDICTIVE—a global, prospective observational study to evaluate insulin detemir treatment in types 1 and 2 diabetes: baseline characteristics and predictors of hypoglycaemia from the European cohort
    • HJ Lüddeke, S Sreenan, S Aczel, et al. (2007) PREDICTIVE—a global, prospective observational study to evaluate insulin detemir treatment in types 1 and 2 diabetes: baseline characteristics and predictors of hypoglycaemia from the European cohort. Diabetes Obes Metab 9 428-434.
    • (2007) Diabetes Obes Metab , vol.9 , pp. 428-434
    • Lüddeke, H.J.1    Sreenan, S.2    Aczel, S.3
  • 101
    • 9844260061 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk of adverse effects of intensified treatment in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis
    • M Egger, G Davey Smith, C Stettler, et al. (1997) Risk of adverse effects of intensified treatment in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis. Diabet Med 14 919-928.
    • (1997) Diabet Med , vol.14 , pp. 919-928
    • Egger, M.1    Davey Smith, G.2    Stettler, C.3
  • 102
    • 1542618210 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypoglycemia as a barrier to glycemic control
    • S Davis and MD Alonso (2004) Hypoglycemia as a barrier to glycemic control. J Diabetes Complications 18 60-68.
    • (2004) J Diabetes Complications , vol.18 , pp. 60-68
    • Davis, S.1    Alonso, M.D.2
  • 103
    • 33749056206 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pathophysiology and management of recurrent hypoglycaemia and hypoglycaemia unawareness in diabetes
    • BE de Galan, BJ Schouwenberg, CJ Tack, et al. (2006) Pathophysiology and management of recurrent hypoglycaemia and hypoglycaemia unawareness in diabetes. Neth J Med 64 269-279.
    • (2006) Neth J Med , vol.64 , pp. 269-279
    • de Galan, B.E.1    Schouwenberg, B.J.2    Tack, C.J.3
  • 104
    • 33846821773 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Management of diabetes-related hypoglycemia
    • PJ Boyle and J Zrebiec (2007) Management of diabetes-related hypoglycemia. South Med J 100 183-194.
    • (2007) South Med J , vol.100 , pp. 183-194
    • Boyle, P.J.1    Zrebiec, J.2
  • 105
    • 41149106821 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevention of hypoglycemia while achieving good glycemic control in type 1 diabetes: the role of insulin analogs
    • P Rossetti, F Porcellati, GB Bolli, et al. (2008) Prevention of hypoglycemia while achieving good glycemic control in type 1 diabetes: the role of insulin analogs. Diabetes Care 31(suppl 2), S113-S120.
    • (2008) Diabetes Care , vol.31 , pp. S113-S120
    • Rossetti, P.1    Porcellati, F.2    Bolli, G.B.3
  • 106
    • 58149339701 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Minimizing hypoglycemia while maintaining glycemic control in diabetes
    • SR Heller (2008) Minimizing hypoglycemia while maintaining glycemic control in diabetes. Diabetes 57 3177-3183.
    • (2008) Diabetes , vol.57 , pp. 3177-3183
    • Heller, S.R.1
  • 107
    • 33747172510 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predictors of fear of hypoglycemia in adolescents with type 1 diabetes and their parents
    • LA Gonder-Frederick, CD Fisher, LM Ritterband, et al. (2006) Predictors of fear of hypoglycemia in adolescents with type 1 diabetes and their parents. Pediatr Diabetes 7 215-222.
    • (2006) Pediatr Diabetes , vol.7 , pp. 215-222
    • Gonder-Frederick, L.A.1    Fisher, C.D.2    Ritterband, L.M.3
  • 108
    • 13644265138 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fear and other disturbances of severe hypoglycaemia in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus
    • S Nordfeldt and J Ludvigsson (2005) Fear and other disturbances of severe hypoglycaemia in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 18 83-91.
    • (2005) J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab , vol.18 , pp. 83-91
    • Nordfeldt, S.1    Ludvigsson, J.2
  • 109
    • 11444268984 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypoglycemia anticipation, awareness and treatment training (HAATT) reduces occurrence of severe hypoglycemia among adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus
    • DJ Cox, B Kovatchev, D Koev, et al. (2004) Hypoglycemia anticipation, awareness and treatment training (HAATT) reduces occurrence of severe hypoglycemia among adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Int J Behav Med 11 212-228.
    • (2004) Int J Behav Med , vol.11 , pp. 212-228
    • Cox, D.J.1    Kovatchev, B.2    Koev, D.3
  • 110
    • 0031755304 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of risk for severe hypoglycemia among adults with IDDM: validation of the low blood glucose index
    • BP Kovatchev, DJ Cox, LA Gonder-Frederick, et al. (1998) Assessment of risk for severe hypoglycemia among adults with IDDM: validation of the low blood glucose index. Diabetes Care 21 1870-1875.
    • (1998) Diabetes Care , vol.21 , pp. 1870-1875
    • Kovatchev, B.P.1    Cox, D.J.2    Gonder-Frederick, L.A.3
  • 111
    • 0242268976 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Algorithmic evaluation of metabolic control and risk of severe hypoglycemia in type 1 and type 2 diabetes using self-monitoring blood glucose data
    • BP Kovatchev, DJ Cox, A Kumar, et al. (2003) Algorithmic evaluation of metabolic control and risk of severe hypoglycemia in type 1 and type 2 diabetes using self-monitoring blood glucose data. Diabetes Technol Ther 5 817-828.
    • (2003) Diabetes Technol Ther , vol.5 , pp. 817-828
    • Kovatchev, B.P.1    Cox, D.J.2    Kumar, A.3
  • 113
    • 33645051466 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Continuous glucose monitoring and closed-loop systems
    • R Hovorka (2006) Continuous glucose monitoring and closed-loop systems. Diabet Med 23 1-12.
    • (2006) Diabet Med , vol.23 , pp. 1-12
    • Hovorka, R.1
  • 114
    • 33645455629 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Results of a randomised controlled cross-over trial on the effect of continuous subcutaneous glucose monitoring (CGMS) on glycaemic control in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes
    • D Deiss, R Hartmann, J Schmidt, et al. (2006) Results of a randomised controlled cross-over trial on the effect of continuous subcutaneous glucose monitoring (CGMS) on glycaemic control in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 114 63-67.
    • (2006) Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes , vol.114 , pp. 63-67
    • Deiss, D.1    Hartmann, R.2    Schmidt, J.3
  • 115
    • 33846111973 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The accuracy of the FreeStyle Navigator continuous glucose monitoring system in children with type 1 diabetes
    • DM Wilson, RW Beck, WV Tamborlane, et al., DirecNet Study Group (2007) The accuracy of the FreeStyle Navigator continuous glucose monitoring system in children with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care 30 59-64.
    • (2007) Diabetes Care , vol.30 , pp. 59-64
    • Wilson, D.M.1    Beck, R.W.2    Tamborlane, W.V.3
  • 117
    • 54849147700 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Continuous glucose monitoring and intensive treatment of type 1 diabetes
    • Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation Continuous Glucose Monitoring Study Group (2008) Continuous glucose monitoring and intensive treatment of type 1 diabetes. N Engl J Med 359 1464-1476.
    • (2008) N Engl J Med , vol.359 , pp. 1464-1476
  • 118
    • 34548609993 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Systematic review: comparative effectiveness and safety of oral medications for type 2 diabetes mellitus
    • S Bolen, L Feldman, J Vassy, et al. (2007) Systematic review: comparative effectiveness and safety of oral medications for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Ann Intern Med 147 386-399.
    • (2007) Ann Intern Med , vol.147 , pp. 386-399
    • Bolen, S.1    Feldman, L.2    Vassy, J.3
  • 119
    • 0028817815 scopus 로고
    • Overview of 6 years’ therapy of type II diabetes: a progressive disease. UKPDS 16
    • United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study Group (1995) Overview of 6 years’ therapy of type II diabetes: a progressive disease. UKPDS 16. Diabetes 44 1249-1258.
    • (1995) Diabetes , vol.44 , pp. 1249-1258
  • 120
    • 33847021177 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sulfonylurea compounds uncouple the glucose dependence of the insulinotropic effect of glucagon-like peptide 1
    • J de Heer and JJ Holst (2007) Sulfonylurea compounds uncouple the glucose dependence of the insulinotropic effect of glucagon-like peptide 1. Diabetes 56 438-443.
    • (2007) Diabetes , vol.56 , pp. 438-443
    • de Heer, J.1    Holst, J.J.2
  • 121
    • 0344851577 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk of hypoglycaemia with oral antidiabetic agents in patients with type 2 diabetes
    • A Holstein and EH Egberts (2003) Risk of hypoglycaemia with oral antidiabetic agents in patients with type 2 diabetes. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 111 405-414.
    • (2003) Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes , vol.111 , pp. 405-414
    • Holstein, A.1    Egberts, E.H.2
  • 122
    • 33846690465 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A systematic review and meta-analysis of hypoglycemia and cardiovascular events: a comparison of glyburide with other secretagogues and with insulin
    • AS Gangji, T Cukierman, HC Gerstein, et al. (2007) A systematic review and meta-analysis of hypoglycemia and cardiovascular events: a comparison of glyburide with other secretagogues and with insulin. Diabetes Care 30 389-394.
    • (2007) Diabetes Care , vol.30 , pp. 389-394
    • Gangji, A.S.1    Cukierman, T.2    Gerstein, H.C.3
  • 123
    • 11844250564 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insulin analogues
    • IB Hirsch (2005) Insulin analogues. N Engl J Med 352 174-183.
    • (2005) N Engl J Med , vol.352 , pp. 174-183
    • Hirsch, I.B.1
  • 124
    • 77950283292 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-acting insulin analogues versus NPH insulin (human isophane insulin) for type 2 diabetes mellitus
    • 2007;(2):CD005613
    • Horvath K, Jeitler K, Berghold A, et al. Long-acting insulin analogues versus NPH insulin (human isophane insulin) for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2007;(2):CD005613.
    • Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews.
    • Horvath, K.1    Jeitler, K.2    Berghold, A.3
  • 125
    • 34247149764 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A review of human and analogue insulin trials
    • SC Gough (2007) A review of human and analogue insulin trials. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 77 1-15.
    • (2007) Diabetes Res Clin Pract , vol.77 , pp. 1-15
    • Gough, S.C.1
  • 126
    • 62349103315 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypoglycemia with intensive insulin therapy: a systematic review and meta-analyses of randomized trials of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion versus multiple daily injections
    • MM Fatourechi, YC Kudva, MH Murad, et al. (2009) Hypoglycemia with intensive insulin therapy: a systematic review and meta-analyses of randomized trials of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion versus multiple daily injections. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 94 729-740.
    • (2009) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.94 , pp. 729-740
    • Fatourechi, M.M.1    Kudva, Y.C.2    Murad, M.H.3
  • 127
    • 35548976210 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion vs intensive conventional insulin therapy in pregnant diabetic women: a systematic review and metaanalysis of randomized, controlled trials
    • A Mukhopadhyay, T Farrell, RB Fraser, et al. (2007) Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion vs intensive conventional insulin therapy in pregnant diabetic women: a systematic review and metaanalysis of randomized, controlled trials. Am J Obstet Gynecol 197 447-456.
    • (2007) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.197 , pp. 447-456
    • Mukhopadhyay, A.1    Farrell, T.2    Fraser, R.B.3
  • 128
    • 33744952533 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nocturnal hypoglycemia in type 1 diabetes: an assessment of preventive bedtime treatments
    • B Raju, AM Arbelaez, SM Breckenridge, et al. (2006) Nocturnal hypoglycemia in type 1 diabetes: an assessment of preventive bedtime treatments. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 91 2087-2092.
    • (2006) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.91 , pp. 2087-2092
    • Raju, B.1    Arbelaez, A.M.2    Breckenridge, S.M.3
  • 129
    • 0032511583 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intensive blood-glucose control with sulphonylureas or insulin compared with conventional treatment and risk of complications in patients with type 2 diabetes. UKPDS 33
    • United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study Group (1998) Intensive blood-glucose control with sulphonylureas or insulin compared with conventional treatment and risk of complications in patients with type 2 diabetes. UKPDS 33. Lancet 352 837-853.
    • (1998) Lancet , vol.352 , pp. 837-853
  • 130
    • 0032511566 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes. UKPDS 34
    • United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study Group (1998) Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes. UKPDS 34. Lancet 352 854-865.
    • (1998) Lancet , vol.352 , pp. 854-865
  • 131
    • 0029094533 scopus 로고
    • The relationship of glycemic exposure (HbA1c) to the risk of development and progression of retinopathy in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial
    • The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group (1995) The relationship of glycemic exposure (HbA1c) to the risk of development and progression of retinopathy in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial. Diabetes 44 968-983.
    • (1995) Diabetes , vol.44 , pp. 968-983
  • 132
    • 29144453326 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intensive diabetes treatment and cardiovascular disease in patients with type 1 diabetes
    • Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (DCCT/EDIC) Study Research Group (2005) Intensive diabetes treatment and cardiovascular disease in patients with type 1 diabetes. N Engl J Med 353 2643-2653.
    • (2005) N Engl J Med , vol.353 , pp. 2643-2653
  • 133
    • 53749096863 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 10-Year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes
    • RR Holman, SK Paul, MA Bethel, et al. (2008) 10-Year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 359 1577-1589.
    • (2008) N Engl J Med , vol.359 , pp. 1577-1589
    • Holman, R.R.1    Paul, S.K.2    Bethel, M.A.3
  • 134
    • 40249120466 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Standards of medical care in diabetes—2008
    • American Diabetes Association (2008) Standards of medical care in diabetes—2008. Diabetes Care 31(suppl 1), S12-S54.
    • (2008) Diabetes Care , vol.31 , pp. S12-S54
  • 135
    • 34548774482 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glycemic control and type 2 diabetes mellitus: the optimal hemoglobin A1c targets. A guidance statement from the American College of Physicians
    • A Qaseem, S Vijan, V Snow, et al. (2007) Glycemic control and type 2 diabetes mellitus: the optimal hemoglobin A1c targets. A guidance statement from the American College of Physicians. Ann Intern Med 147 417-422.
    • (2007) Ann Intern Med , vol.147 , pp. 417-422
    • Qaseem, A.1    Vijan, S.2    Snow, V.3
  • 136
    • 42449121829 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DCCT/EDIC Research Group. Effect of glycemic exposure on the risk of microvascular complications in the diabetes control and complications trial—revisited
    • JM Lachin, S Genuth, DM Nathan, et al. (2008) DCCT/EDIC Research Group. Effect of glycemic exposure on the risk of microvascular complications in the diabetes control and complications trial—revisited. Diabetes 57 995-1001.
    • (2008) Diabetes , vol.57 , pp. 995-1001
    • Lachin, J.M.1    Genuth, S.2    Nathan, D.M.3
  • 137
    • 46449117004 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of comorbid illness and functional status on the expected benefits of intensive glucose control in older patients with type 2 diabetes: a decision analysis
    • ES Huang, Q Zhang, N Gandra, et al. (2008) The effect of comorbid illness and functional status on the expected benefits of intensive glucose control in older patients with type 2 diabetes: a decision analysis. Ann Intern Med 149 11-19.
    • (2008) Ann Intern Med , vol.149 , pp. 11-19
    • Huang, E.S.1    Zhang, Q.2    Gandra, N.3
  • 138
    • 3943086223 scopus 로고
    • Treatment of hypoglycemia
    • BM Frier, BM Fisher,(Eds), London: Edward Arnold
    • AC MacCuish (1993) Treatment of hypoglycemia. BM Frier, BM Fisher,(Eds) Diabetes and Hypoglycemia London: Edward Arnold 212-221.
    • (1993) Diabetes and Hypoglycemia , pp. 212-221
    • MacCuish, A.C.1
  • 139
    • 0027226142 scopus 로고
    • Alanine and terbutaline in treatment of hypoglycemia in IDDM
    • BV Wiethop and PE Cryer (1993) Alanine and terbutaline in treatment of hypoglycemia in IDDM. Diabetes Care 16 1131-1136.
    • (1993) Diabetes Care , vol.16 , pp. 1131-1136
    • Wiethop, B.V.1    Cryer, P.E.2
  • 140
    • 0034820852 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mini-dose glucagon rescue for hypoglycemia in children with type 1 diabetes
    • MW Haymond and B Schreiner (2001) Mini-dose glucagon rescue for hypoglycemia in children with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care 24 643-645.
    • (2001) Diabetes Care , vol.24 , pp. 643-645
    • Haymond, M.W.1    Schreiner, B.2
  • 141
    • 0015886685 scopus 로고
    • Forearm glucose uptake during the oral glucose tolerance test in normal subjects
    • RA Jackson, N Peters, U Advani, et al. (1973) Forearm glucose uptake during the oral glucose tolerance test in normal subjects. Diabetes 22 442-458.
    • (1973) Diabetes , vol.22 , pp. 442-458
    • Jackson, R.A.1    Peters, N.2    Advani, U.3
  • 142
    • 0028941073 scopus 로고
    • Hypoglycemic disorders
    • FJ Service (1995) Hypoglycemic disorders. N Engl J Med 332 1144-1152.
    • (1995) N Engl J Med , vol.332 , pp. 1144-1152
    • Service, F.J.1
  • 143
    • 0022902496 scopus 로고
    • Hypoglycemia in hospitalized patients: causes and outcomes
    • KF Fischer, JA Lees and JH Newman (1986) Hypoglycemia in hospitalized patients: causes and outcomes. N Engl J Med 315 1245-1250.
    • (1986) N Engl J Med , vol.315 , pp. 1245-1250
    • Fischer, K.F.1    Lees, J.A.2    Newman, J.H.3
  • 144
    • 0021828468 scopus 로고
    • Hypoglycemia: causes, neurological manifestations, and outcome
    • R Malouf and JC Brust (1985) Hypoglycemia: causes, neurological manifestations, and outcome. Ann Neurol 17 421-430.
    • (1985) Ann Neurol , vol.17 , pp. 421-430
    • Malouf, R.1    Brust, J.C.2
  • 146
    • 33645399023 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Outpatient gatifloxacin therapy and dysglycemia in older adults
    • LY Park-Wyllie, DN Juurlink, A Kopp, et al. (2006) Outpatient gatifloxacin therapy and dysglycemia in older adults. N Engl J Med 354 1352-1361.
    • (2006) N Engl J Med , vol.354 , pp. 1352-1361
    • Park-Wyllie, L.Y.1    Juurlink, D.N.2    Kopp, A.3
  • 148
    • 0032325191 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Survey of hospital systems and common serious medication errors
    • MR Cohen, SM Proulx and SY Crawford (1998) Survey of hospital systems and common serious medication errors. J Healthc Risk Manag 18 16-27.
    • (1998) J Healthc Risk Manag , vol.18 , pp. 16-27
    • Cohen, M.R.1    Proulx, S.M.2    Crawford, S.Y.3
  • 149
    • 0014961244 scopus 로고
    • Glucose homeostasis in viral hepatitis
    • P Felig, WV Brown, RA Levine, et al. (1970) Glucose homeostasis in viral hepatitis. N Engl J Med 283 1436-1440.
    • (1970) N Engl J Med , vol.283 , pp. 1436-1440
    • Felig, P.1    Brown, W.V.2    Levine, R.A.3
  • 150
    • 0017348587 scopus 로고
    • Hypoglycemia secondary to metastases to the liver: a case report and review of the literature
    • S Younus, J Soterakis, AJ Sossi, et al. (1977) Hypoglycemia secondary to metastases to the liver: a case report and review of the literature. Gastroenterology 72 334-337.
    • (1977) Gastroenterology , vol.72 , pp. 334-337
    • Younus, S.1    Soterakis, J.2    Sossi, A.J.3
  • 151
    • 0034055364 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypoglycemia in patients with renal failure
    • YS Haviv, M Sharkia and R Safadi (2000) Hypoglycemia in patients with renal failure. Ren Fail 22 219-223.
    • (2000) Ren Fail , vol.22 , pp. 219-223
    • Haviv, Y.S.1    Sharkia, M.2    Safadi, R.3
  • 152
    • 0016351635 scopus 로고
    • Hypoglycemia in compensated chronic renal insufficiency: substrate limitation of gluconeogenesis
    • AJ Garber, DM Bier, PE Cryer, et al. (1974) Hypoglycemia in compensated chronic renal insufficiency: substrate limitation of gluconeogenesis. Diabetes 23 982-986.
    • (1974) Diabetes , vol.23 , pp. 982-986
    • Garber, A.J.1    Bier, D.M.2    Cryer, P.E.3
  • 153
    • 84942948187 scopus 로고
    • Spontaneous hypoglycemia in chronic renal failure
    • EA Rutsky, HG McDaniel, DL Tharpe, et al. (1978) Spontaneous hypoglycemia in chronic renal failure. Arch Intern Med 138 1364-1368.
    • (1978) Arch Intern Med , vol.138 , pp. 1364-1368
    • Rutsky, E.A.1    McDaniel, H.G.2    Tharpe, D.L.3
  • 154
    • 0000171986 scopus 로고
    • Glycogen storage diseases
    • CR Scriver, AL Beaudet, WS Sly, et al., (Eds), 7th ed, New York, NY: McGraw Hill
    • YT Chen, A Burchell (1995) Glycogen storage diseases. CR Scriver, AL Beaudet, WS Sly, et al., (Eds) The Metabolic and Molecular Bases of Inherited Disease 7th ed New York, NY: McGraw Hill 935-965.
    • (1995) The Metabolic and Molecular Bases of Inherited Disease , pp. 935-965
    • Chen, Y.T.1    Burchell, A.2
  • 155
    • 0015105820 scopus 로고
    • Lactic acidosis and associated hypoglycemia
    • R Medalle, R Webb and C Waterhouse (1971) Lactic acidosis and associated hypoglycemia. Arch Intern Med 128 273-278.
    • (1971) Arch Intern Med , vol.128 , pp. 273-278
    • Medalle, R.1    Webb, R.2    Waterhouse, C.3
  • 156
    • 0018839688 scopus 로고
    • Hypoglycemia as a manifestation of sepsis
    • SI Miller, RJ Wallace Jr, DM Musher, et al. (1980) Hypoglycemia as a manifestation of sepsis. Am J Med 68 649-654.
    • (1980) Am J Med , vol.68 , pp. 649-654
    • Miller, S.I.1    Wallace, R.J.2    Musher, D.M.3
  • 157
    • 0034186006 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alterations in tissue glucose uptake during the hyperglycemic and hypoglycemic phases of sepsis
    • SR Maitra, MM Wojnar and CH Lang (2000) Alterations in tissue glucose uptake during the hyperglycemic and hypoglycemic phases of sepsis. Shock 13 379-385.
    • (2000) Shock , vol.13 , pp. 379-385
    • Maitra, S.R.1    Wojnar, M.M.2    Lang, C.H.3
  • 158
    • 0029977403 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • TNF directly stimulates glucose uptake and leucine oxidation and inhibits FFA flux in conscious dogs
    • Y Sakurai, XJ Zhang and RR Wolfe (1996) TNF directly stimulates glucose uptake and leucine oxidation and inhibits FFA flux in conscious dogs. Am J Physiol 270 E864-E872.
    • (1996) Am J Physiol , vol.270 , pp. E864-E872
    • Sakurai, Y.1    Zhang, X.J.2    Wolfe, R.R.3
  • 159
    • 9244252489 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of hepatic gluconeogenesis and enhanced glucose uptake contribute to the development of hypoglycemia in mice bearing interleukin-1beta- secreting tumor
    • S Metzger, S Nusair, D Planer, et al. (2004) Inhibition of hepatic gluconeogenesis and enhanced glucose uptake contribute to the development of hypoglycemia in mice bearing interleukin-1beta- secreting tumor. Endocrinology 145 5150-5156.
    • (2004) Endocrinology , vol.145 , pp. 5150-5156
    • Metzger, S.1    Nusair, S.2    Planer, D.3
  • 160
    • 0024463717 scopus 로고
    • Epinephrine-induced increase in glucose turnover is diminished during sepsis
    • DM Hargrove, CH Lang, GJ Bagby, et al. (1989) Epinephrine-induced increase in glucose turnover is diminished during sepsis. Metabolism 38 1070-1076.
    • (1989) Metabolism , vol.38 , pp. 1070-1076
    • Hargrove, D.M.1    Lang, C.H.2    Bagby, G.J.3
  • 161
    • 0014960225 scopus 로고
    • Hypoglycaemia in children with kwashiorkor
    • B Wharton (1970) Hypoglycaemia in children with kwashiorkor. Lancet 1 171-173.
    • (1970) Lancet , vol.1 , pp. 171-173
    • Wharton, B.1
  • 162
    • 0029112950 scopus 로고
    • Hypoglycaemia in spinal muscular atrophy
    • AK Bruce, E Jacobsen, H Dossing, et al. (1995) Hypoglycaemia in spinal muscular atrophy. Lancet 346 609-610.
    • (1995) Lancet , vol.346 , pp. 609-610
    • Bruce, A.K.1    Jacobsen, E.2    Dossing, H.3
  • 163
    • 0141959152 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patients with severe muscle wasting are prone to develop hypoglycemia during fasting
    • MC Ørngreen, M Zacho, A Hebert, et al. (2003) Patients with severe muscle wasting are prone to develop hypoglycemia during fasting. Neurology 61 997-1000.
    • (2003) Neurology , vol.61 , pp. 997-1000
    • Ørngreen, M.C.1    Zacho, M.2    Hebert, A.3
  • 164
    • 0014410431 scopus 로고
    • Growth and growth hormone. II: A comparison of isolated growth-hormone deficiency and multiple pituitary-hormone deficiencies in 35 patients with idiopathic hypopituitary dwarfism
    • HG Goodman, MM Grumbach and SL Kaplan (1968) Growth and growth hormone. II: A comparison of isolated growth-hormone deficiency and multiple pituitary-hormone deficiencies in 35 patients with idiopathic hypopituitary dwarfism. N Engl J Med 278 57-68.
    • (1968) N Engl J Med , vol.278 , pp. 57-68
    • Goodman, H.G.1    Grumbach, M.M.2    Kaplan, S.L.3
  • 165
    • 0017156234 scopus 로고
    • The role of growth hormone and cortisone on glucose and gluconeogenic substrate regulation in fasted hypopituitary children
    • MW Haymond, I Karl, VV Weldon, et al. (1976) The role of growth hormone and cortisone on glucose and gluconeogenic substrate regulation in fasted hypopituitary children. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 42 846-856.
    • (1976) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.42 , pp. 846-856
    • Haymond, M.W.1    Karl, I.2    Weldon, V.V.3
  • 166
    • 0020631995 scopus 로고
    • Hypoketonemia and age-related fasting hypoglycemia in growth hormone deficiency
    • JI Wolfsdorf, A Sadeghi-Nejad and B Senior (1983) Hypoketonemia and age-related fasting hypoglycemia in growth hormone deficiency. Metabolism 32 457-462.
    • (1983) Metabolism , vol.32 , pp. 457-462
    • Wolfsdorf, J.I.1    Sadeghi-Nejad, A.2    Senior, B.3
  • 168
    • 0025728846 scopus 로고
    • Growth hormone, cortisol, or both are involved in defense against, but are not critical to recovery from, hypoglycemia
    • PJ Boyle and PE Cryer (1991) Growth hormone, cortisol, or both are involved in defense against, but are not critical to recovery from, hypoglycemia. Am J Physiol 260 E395-E402.
    • (1991) Am J Physiol , vol.260 , pp. E395-E402
    • Boyle, P.J.1    Cryer, P.E.2
  • 169
    • 0018884680 scopus 로고
    • Hypoglycemia in pregnancy: occurrence due to adrenocorticotropic hormone and growth hormone deficiency
    • RC Smallridge, DF Corrigan, AM Thomason, et al. (1980) Hypoglycemia in pregnancy: occurrence due to adrenocorticotropic hormone and growth hormone deficiency. Arch Intern Med 140 564-565.
    • (1980) Arch Intern Med , vol.140 , pp. 564-565
    • Smallridge, R.C.1    Corrigan, D.F.2    Thomason, A.M.3
  • 170
    • 0014558405 scopus 로고
    • Clinical alcohol hypoglycemia and isolated adrenocorticotrophic hormone deficiency
    • P Steer, R Marnell and EE Werk Jr (1969) Clinical alcohol hypoglycemia and isolated adrenocorticotrophic hormone deficiency. Ann Intern Med 71 343-348.
    • (1969) Ann Intern Med , vol.71 , pp. 343-348
    • Steer, P.1    Marnell, R.2    Werk, E.E.3
  • 171
    • 33748092018 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical features of insulin-like growth factor-II producing non-islet-cell tumor hypoglycemia
    • I Fukuda, N Hizuka, Y Ishikawa, et al. (2006) Clinical features of insulin-like growth factor-II producing non-islet-cell tumor hypoglycemia. Growth Horm IGF Res 16 211-216.
    • (2006) Growth Horm IGF Res , vol.16 , pp. 211-216
    • Fukuda, I.1    Hizuka, N.2    Ishikawa, Y.3
  • 172
    • 34249851195 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypoglycemia due to paraneoplastic secretion of insulin-like growth factor-I in a patient with metastasizing large-cell carcinoma of the lung
    • MA Nauck, M Reinecke, A Perren, et al. (2007) Hypoglycemia due to paraneoplastic secretion of insulin-like growth factor-I in a patient with metastasizing large-cell carcinoma of the lung. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 92 1600-1605.
    • (2007) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.92 , pp. 1600-1605
    • Nauck, M.A.1    Reinecke, M.2    Perren, A.3
  • 173
    • 34249846625 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypoglycemia due to paraneoplastic secretion of insulin-like growth factor-I
    • WH Daughaday (2007) Hypoglycemia due to paraneoplastic secretion of insulin-like growth factor-I. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 92 1616.
    • (2007) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.92 , pp. 1616
    • Daughaday, W.H.1
  • 174
    • 23044460296 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A rapid method for analyzing serum pro-insulin-like growth factor-II in patients with non-islet cell tumor hypoglycemia
    • F Miraki-Moud, AB Grossman, M Besser, et al. (2005) A rapid method for analyzing serum pro-insulin-like growth factor-II in patients with non-islet cell tumor hypoglycemia. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 90 3819-3823.
    • (2005) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.90 , pp. 3819-3823
    • Miraki-Moud, F.1    Grossman, A.B.2    Besser, M.3
  • 177
    • 0016234999 scopus 로고
    • Factitial hypoglycemia: three cases diagnosed on the basis of insulin antibodies
    • FJ Service and PJ Palumbo (1974) Factitial hypoglycemia: three cases diagnosed on the basis of insulin antibodies. Arch Intern Med 134 336-340.
    • (1974) Arch Intern Med , vol.134 , pp. 336-340
    • Service, F.J.1    Palumbo, P.J.2
  • 178
    • 27644549305 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Factitious hyperinsulinism leading to pancreatectomy: severe forms of Munchausen syndrome by proxy
    • I Giurgea, T Ulinski, G Touati, et al. (2005) Factitious hyperinsulinism leading to pancreatectomy: severe forms of Munchausen syndrome by proxy. Pediatrics 116 e145-e148.
    • (2005) Pediatrics , vol.116 , pp. e145-e148
    • Giurgea, I.1    Ulinski, T.2    Touati, G.3
  • 179
    • 0642336159 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An unusual cause of hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia syndrome
    • PJ Manning, EA Espiner, K Yoon, et al. (2003) An unusual cause of hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia syndrome. Diabet Med 20 772-776.
    • (2003) Diabet Med , vol.20 , pp. 772-776
    • Manning, P.J.1    Espiner, E.A.2    Yoon, K.3
  • 180
    • 65249139010 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Secular trends in the presentation and management of functioning insulinoma at the Mayo Clinic, 1987-2007
    • KA Placzkowski, A Vella, GB Thompson, et al. (2009) Secular trends in the presentation and management of functioning insulinoma at the Mayo Clinic, 1987-2007. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 94 1069-1073.
    • (2009) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.94 , pp. 1069-1073
    • Placzkowski, K.A.1    Vella, A.2    Thompson, G.B.3
  • 181
    • 0025834711 scopus 로고
    • Functioning insulinoma—incidence, recurrence, and long-term survival of patients: a 60-year study
    • FJ Service, MM McMahon, PC O’Brien, et al. (1991) Functioning insulinoma—incidence, recurrence, and long-term survival of patients: a 60-year study. Mayo Clin Proc 66 711-719.
    • (1991) Mayo Clin Proc , vol.66 , pp. 711-719
    • Service, F.J.1    McMahon, M.M.2    O’Brien, P.C.3
  • 182
    • 20144362217 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Persistent hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia in 15 adults with diffuse nesidioblastosis: diagnostic criteria, incidence, and characterization of beta-cell changes
    • M Anlauf, D Wieben, A Perren, et al. (2005) Persistent hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia in 15 adults with diffuse nesidioblastosis: diagnostic criteria, incidence, and characterization of beta-cell changes. Am J Surg Pathol 29 524-533.
    • (2005) Am J Surg Pathol , vol.29 , pp. 524-533
    • Anlauf, M.1    Wieben, D.2    Perren, A.3
  • 183
    • 36749102540 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adult diffuse nesidioblastosis: genetically or environmentally induced?
    • G Klöppel, M Anlauf, A Raffel, et al. (2008) Adult diffuse nesidioblastosis: genetically or environmentally induced? Hum Pathol 39 3-8.
    • (2008) Hum Pathol , vol.39 , pp. 3-8
    • Klöppel, G.1    Anlauf, M.2    Raffel, A.3
  • 184
    • 0038236974 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nesidioblastosis in adults: a challenging cause of organic hyperinsulinism
    • K Kaczirek, A Soleiman, M Schindl, et al. (2003) Nesidioblastosis in adults: a challenging cause of organic hyperinsulinism. Eur J Clin Invest 33 488-492.
    • (2003) Eur J Clin Invest , vol.33 , pp. 488-492
    • Kaczirek, K.1    Soleiman, A.2    Schindl, M.3
  • 185
    • 0035013533 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adult-onset nesidioblastosis causing hypoglycemia: an important clinical entity and continuing treatment dilemma
    • RM Witteles, FH Straus II, SL Sugg, et al. (2001) Adult-onset nesidioblastosis causing hypoglycemia: an important clinical entity and continuing treatment dilemma. Arch Surg 136 656-663.
    • (2001) Arch Surg , vol.136 , pp. 656-663
    • Witteles, R.M.1    Straus, F.H.2    Sugg, S.L.3
  • 186
    • 0033339417 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Noninsulinoma pancreatogenous hypoglycemia: a novel syndrome of hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia in adults independent of mutations in Kir6.2 and SUR1 genes
    • FJ Service, N Natt, GB Thompson, et al. (1999) Noninsulinoma pancreatogenous hypoglycemia: a novel syndrome of hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia in adults independent of mutations in Kir6.2 and SUR1 genes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 84 1582-1589.
    • (1999) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.84 , pp. 1582-1589
    • Service, F.J.1    Natt, N.2    Thompson, G.B.3
  • 187
    • 33646565292 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Islet hyperplasia in adults: challenge to preoperatively diagnose non-insulinoma pancreatogenic hypoglycemia syndrome
    • A Starke, C Saddig, B Kirch, et al. (2006) Islet hyperplasia in adults: challenge to preoperatively diagnose non-insulinoma pancreatogenic hypoglycemia syndrome. World J Surg 30 670-679.
    • (2006) World J Surg , vol.30 , pp. 670-679
    • Starke, A.1    Saddig, C.2    Kirch, B.3
  • 188
    • 0033675762 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Noninsulinoma pancreatogenous hypoglycemia syndrome: an update in 10 surgically treated patients
    • discussion 944-945
    • GB Thompson, FJ Service, JC Andrews, et al. (2000) Noninsulinoma pancreatogenous hypoglycemia syndrome: an update in 10 surgically treated patients. Surgery 128 937-944. discussion 944-945
    • (2000) Surgery , vol.128 , pp. 937-944
    • Thompson, G.B.1    Service, F.J.2    Andrews, J.C.3
  • 189
    • 33750082323 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical features and morphological characterization of 10 patients with noninsulinoma pancreatogenous hypoglycaemia syndrome (NIPHS)
    • JG Won, HS Tseng, AH Yang, et al. (2006) Clinical features and morphological characterization of 10 patients with noninsulinoma pancreatogenous hypoglycaemia syndrome (NIPHS). Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 65 566-578.
    • (2006) Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) , vol.65 , pp. 566-578
    • Won, J.G.1    Tseng, H.S.2    Yang, A.H.3
  • 190
    • 22344443114 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia with nesidioblastosis after gastric-bypass surgery
    • GJ Service, GB Thompson, FJ Service, et al. (2005) Hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia with nesidioblastosis after gastric-bypass surgery. N Engl J Med 353 249-254.
    • (2005) N Engl J Med , vol.353 , pp. 249-254
    • Service, G.J.1    Thompson, G.B.2    Service, F.J.3
  • 191
    • 27744539718 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Severe hypoglycaemia post-gastric bypass requiring partial pancreatectomy: evidence for inappropriate insulin secretion and pancreatic islet hyperplasia
    • ME Patti, G McMahon, EC Mun, et al. (2005) Severe hypoglycaemia post-gastric bypass requiring partial pancreatectomy: evidence for inappropriate insulin secretion and pancreatic islet hyperplasia. Diabetologia 48 2236-2240.
    • (2005) Diabetologia , vol.48 , pp. 2236-2240
    • Patti, M.E.1    McMahon, G.2    Mun, E.C.3
  • 192
    • 33748432835 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia following gastric bypass surgery for obesity
    • A Goldfine, E Mun and M Patti (2006) Hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia following gastric bypass surgery for obesity. Cur Opin Endocrinol Diabetes 13 419-424.
    • (2006) Cur Opin Endocrinol Diabetes , vol.13 , pp. 419-424
    • Goldfine, A.1    Mun, E.2    Patti, M.3
  • 193
    • 36849063201 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patients with neuroglycopenia after gastric bypass surgery have exaggerated incretin and insulin secretory responses to a mixed meal
    • AB Goldfine, EC Mun, E Devine, et al. (2007) Patients with neuroglycopenia after gastric bypass surgery have exaggerated incretin and insulin secretory responses to a mixed meal. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 92 4678-4685.
    • (2007) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.92 , pp. 4678-4685
    • Goldfine, A.B.1    Mun, E.C.2    Devine, E.3
  • 194
    • 33746412466 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia after gastric bypass surgery is not accompanied by islet hyperplasia or increased beta-cell turnover
    • JJ Meier, AE Butler, R Galasso, et al. (2006) Hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia after gastric bypass surgery is not accompanied by islet hyperplasia or increased beta-cell turnover. Diabetes Care 29 1554-1559.
    • (2006) Diabetes Care , vol.29 , pp. 1554-1559
    • Meier, J.J.1    Butler, A.E.2    Galasso, R.3
  • 195
    • 36849007001 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incretin hypersecretion in post-gastric bypass hypoglycemia: primary problem or red herring?
    • A Vella and FJ Service (2007) Incretin hypersecretion in post-gastric bypass hypoglycemia: primary problem or red herring? J Clin Endocrinol Metab 92 4563-4565.
    • (2007) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.92 , pp. 4563-4565
    • Vella, A.1    Service, F.J.2
  • 196
    • 62349139046 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term effects of roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery on plasma GLP-1 and islet function in morbidly obese subjects
    • J Vidal, J Nicolau, F Romero, et al. (2008) Long-term effects of roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery on plasma GLP-1 and islet function in morbidly obese subjects. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 94 884-891.
    • (2008) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.94 , pp. 884-891
    • Vidal, J.1    Nicolau, J.2    Romero, F.3
  • 197
    • 0001394719 scopus 로고
    • Insulin autoimmunity in a case with spontaneous hypoglycemia
    • Y Hirata, H Ishizu, N Ouchi, et al. (1970) Insulin autoimmunity in a case with spontaneous hypoglycemia. J Jap Diabetes Soc 13 312-320.
    • (1970) J Jap Diabetes Soc , vol.13 , pp. 312-320
    • Hirata, Y.1    Ishizu, H.2    Ouchi, N.3
  • 198
    • 18744381285 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insulin autoimmunity and hypoglycemia in seven white patients
    • A Basu, FJ Service, L Yu, et al. (2005) Insulin autoimmunity and hypoglycemia in seven white patients. Endocr Pract 11 97-103.
    • (2005) Endocr Pract , vol.11 , pp. 97-103
    • Basu, A.1    Service, F.J.2    Yu, L.3
  • 199
    • 34347260718 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypoglycemia due to an insulin binding antibody in a patient with an IgA-kappa myeloma
    • DJ Halsall, M Mangi, M Soos, et al. (2007) Hypoglycemia due to an insulin binding antibody in a patient with an IgA-kappa myeloma. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 92 2013-2016.
    • (2007) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.92 , pp. 2013-2016
    • Halsall, D.J.1    Mangi, M.2    Soos, M.3
  • 200
    • 2542610014 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A novel syndrome of autosomal-dominant hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia linked to a mutation in the human insulin receptor gene
    • K Højlund, T Hansen, M Lajer, et al. (2004) A novel syndrome of autosomal-dominant hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia linked to a mutation in the human insulin receptor gene. Diabetes 53 1592-1598.
    • (2004) Diabetes , vol.53 , pp. 1592-1598
    • Højlund, K.1    Hansen, T.2    Lajer, M.3
  • 201
    • 29144504358 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Massive insulin secretion in response to anaerobic exercise in exercise-induced hyperinsulinism
    • T Meissner, B Friedmann, JG Okun, et al. (2005) Massive insulin secretion in response to anaerobic exercise in exercise-induced hyperinsulinism. Horm Metab Res 37 690-694.
    • (2005) Horm Metab Res , vol.37 , pp. 690-694
    • Meissner, T.1    Friedmann, B.2    Okun, J.G.3
  • 202
    • 0036118261 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical course of the syndrome of autoantibodies to the insulin receptor (type B insulin resistance): a 28-year perspective
    • E Arioglu, A Andewelt, C Diabo, et al. (2002) Clinical course of the syndrome of autoantibodies to the insulin receptor (type B insulin resistance): a 28-year perspective. Medicine (Baltimore) 81 87-100.
    • (2002) Medicine (Baltimore) , vol.81 , pp. 87-100
    • Arioglu, E.1    Andewelt, A.2    Diabo, C.3
  • 203
    • 0033517270 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypoglycemia due to an insulin-secreting small-cell carcinoma of the cervix
    • MJ Seckl, PJ Mulholland, AE Bishop, et al. (1999) Hypoglycemia due to an insulin-secreting small-cell carcinoma of the cervix. N Engl J Med 341 733-736.
    • (1999) N Engl J Med , vol.341 , pp. 733-736
    • Seckl, M.J.1    Mulholland, P.J.2    Bishop, A.E.3
  • 204
    • 0019447959 scopus 로고
    • Pathogenesis of hypoglycemia in insulinoma patients: suppression of hepatic glucose production by insulin
    • RA Rizza, MW Haymond, CA Verdonk, et al. (1981) Pathogenesis of hypoglycemia in insulinoma patients: suppression of hepatic glucose production by insulin. Diabetes 30 377-381.
    • (1981) Diabetes , vol.30 , pp. 377-381
    • Rizza, R.A.1    Haymond, M.W.2    Verdonk, C.A.3
  • 206
    • 34547468994 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insulin, C-peptide and proinsulin for the biochemical diagnosis of hypoglycaemia related to endogenous hyperinsulinism
    • D Vezzosi, A Bennet, J Fauvel, et al. (2007) Insulin, C-peptide and proinsulin for the biochemical diagnosis of hypoglycaemia related to endogenous hyperinsulinism. Eur J Endocrinol 157 75-83.
    • (2007) Eur J Endocrinol , vol.157 , pp. 75-83
    • Vezzosi, D.1    Bennet, A.2    Fauvel, J.3
  • 207
    • 14844329847 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Imaging and localization of islet-cell tumours of the pancreas on CT and MRI
    • TC Noone, J Hosey, Z Firat, et al. (2005) Imaging and localization of islet-cell tumours of the pancreas on CT and MRI. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 19 195-211.
    • (2005) Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.19 , pp. 195-211
    • Noone, T.C.1    Hosey, J.2    Firat, Z.3
  • 210
    • 4944256634 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Imaging of neuroendocrine tumors: accuracy of helical CT versus SRS
    • B Kumbasar, IR Kamel, A Tekes, et al. (2004) Imaging of neuroendocrine tumors: accuracy of helical CT versus SRS. Abdom Imaging 29 696-702.
    • (2004) Abdom Imaging , vol.29 , pp. 696-702
    • Kumbasar, B.1    Kamel, I.R.2    Tekes, A.3
  • 211
    • 6344221733 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endoscopic ultrasound and neuroendocrine tumours of the pancreas
    • A Fritscher-Ravens (2004) Endoscopic ultrasound and neuroendocrine tumours of the pancreas. JOP 5 273-281.
    • (2004) JOP , vol.5 , pp. 273-281
    • Fritscher-Ravens, A.1
  • 212
    • 34147154971 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fluorine-18-L-dihydroxyphenylalanine (18F-DOPA) positron emission tomography as a tool to localize an insulinoma or beta-cell hyperplasia in adult patients
    • S Kauhanen, M Seppänen, H Minn, et al. (2007) Fluorine-18-L-dihydroxyphenylalanine (18F-DOPA) positron emission tomography as a tool to localize an insulinoma or beta-cell hyperplasia in adult patients. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 92 1237-1244.
    • (2007) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.92 , pp. 1237-1244
    • Kauhanen, S.1    Seppänen, M.2    Minn, H.3
  • 213
    • 0031470675 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intraarterial calcium stimulation and intraoperative ultrasonography in the localization and resection of insulinomas
    • discussion 1193-1194
    • CK Brown, DL Bartlett, JL Doppman, et al. (1997) Intraarterial calcium stimulation and intraoperative ultrasonography in the localization and resection of insulinomas. Surgery 122 1189-1193. discussion 1193-1194
    • (1997) Surgery , vol.122 , pp. 1189-1193
    • Brown, C.K.1    Bartlett, D.L.2    Doppman, J.L.3
  • 214
    • 0026067482 scopus 로고
    • Insulinomas: localization with selective intraarterial injection of calcium
    • JL Doppman, DL Miller, R Chang, et al. (1991) Insulinomas: localization with selective intraarterial injection of calcium. Radiology 178 237-241.
    • (1991) Radiology , vol.178 , pp. 237-241
    • Doppman, J.L.1    Miller, D.L.2    Chang, R.3
  • 215
    • 8444249201 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selective arterial calcium stimulation and hepatic venous sampling in the evaluation of hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia: potential and limitations
    • P Wiesli, M Brändle, C Schmid, et al. (2004) Selective arterial calcium stimulation and hepatic venous sampling in the evaluation of hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia: potential and limitations. J Vasc Interv Radiol 15 1251-1256.
    • (2004) J Vasc Interv Radiol , vol.15 , pp. 1251-1256
    • Wiesli, P.1    Brändle, M.2    Schmid, C.3
  • 216
    • 14844334890 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Angiography and arterial stimulation venous sampling in the localization of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours
    • JE Jackson (2005) Angiography and arterial stimulation venous sampling in the localization of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 19 229-239.
    • (2005) Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.19 , pp. 229-239
    • Jackson, J.E.1
  • 217
    • 33748778496 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypoglycemia in newborns and infants
    • BH Dekelbab and MA Sperling (2006) Hypoglycemia in newborns and infants. Adv Pediatr 53 5-22.
    • (2006) Adv Pediatr , vol.53 , pp. 5-22
    • Dekelbab, B.H.1    Sperling, M.A.2
  • 218
    • 52249101773 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypoglycemia in infants and children
    • FM Hoe (2008) Hypoglycemia in infants and children. Adv Pediatr 55 367-384.
    • (2008) Adv Pediatr , vol.55 , pp. 367-384
    • Hoe, F.M.1
  • 219
    • 33746895097 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypoglycemia in newborn infants: Features associated with adverse outcomes
    • PJ Rozance and WW Hay (2006) Hypoglycemia in newborn infants: Features associated with adverse outcomes. Biol Neonate 90 74-86.
    • (2006) Biol Neonate , vol.90 , pp. 74-86
    • Rozance, P.J.1    Hay, W.W.2
  • 220
    • 0033847328 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypoglycemia and the ABC'S (sugar) of pediatric resuscitation
    • JD Losek (2000) Hypoglycemia and the ABC'S (sugar) of pediatric resuscitation. Ann Emerg Med 35 43-46.
    • (2000) Ann Emerg Med , vol.35 , pp. 43-46
    • Losek, J.D.1
  • 221
    • 0016175574 scopus 로고
    • Increased gluconeogenic substrates in the small-for-gestational-age infant
    • MW Haymond, IE Karl and AS Pagliara (1974) Increased gluconeogenic substrates in the small-for-gestational-age infant. N Engl J Med 291 322-328.
    • (1974) N Engl J Med , vol.291 , pp. 322-328
    • Haymond, M.W.1    Karl, I.E.2    Pagliara, A.S.3
  • 222
    • 0016365578 scopus 로고
    • Ketotic hypoglycemia: an amino acid substrate limited disorder
    • MW Haymond, IE Karl and AS Pagliara (1974) Ketotic hypoglycemia: an amino acid substrate limited disorder. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 38 521-530.
    • (1974) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.38 , pp. 521-530
    • Haymond, M.W.1    Karl, I.E.2    Pagliara, A.S.3
  • 223
    • 39749105335 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hyperinsulinism in infancy and childhood: when an insulin level is not always enough
    • AA Palladino, MJ Bennett and CA Stanley (2008) Hyperinsulinism in infancy and childhood: when an insulin level is not always enough. Clin Chem 54 256-263.
    • (2008) Clin Chem , vol.54 , pp. 256-263
    • Palladino, A.A.1    Bennett, M.J.2    Stanley, C.A.3
  • 224
    • 48749109863 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical characteristics and biochemical mechanisms of congenital hyperinsulinism associated with dominant KATP channel mutations
    • SE Pinney, C MacMullen, S Becker, et al. (2008) Clinical characteristics and biochemical mechanisms of congenital hyperinsulinism associated with dominant KATP channel mutations. J Clin Invest 118 2877-2886.
    • (2008) J Clin Invest , vol.118 , pp. 2877-2886
    • Pinney, S.E.1    MacMullen, C.2    Becker, S.3
  • 225
    • 33644826785 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Congenital hyperinsulinism: pancreatic [18F]fluoro-L-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) positron emission tomography and immunohistochemistry study of DOPA decarboxylase and insulin secretion
    • P de Lonlay, A Simon-Carre, MJ Ribeiro, et al. (2006) Congenital hyperinsulinism: pancreatic [18F]fluoro-L-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) positron emission tomography and immunohistochemistry study of DOPA decarboxylase and insulin secretion. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 91 933-940.
    • (2006) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.91 , pp. 933-940
    • de Lonlay, P.1    Simon-Carre, A.2    Ribeiro, M.J.3
  • 226
    • 36749056733 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The added value of [18F]fluoro-L-DOPA PET in the diagnosis of hyperinsulinism of infancy: a retrospective study involving 49 children
    • MJ Ribeiro, N Boddaert, C Bellanné-Chantelot, et al. (2007) The added value of [18F]fluoro-L-DOPA PET in the diagnosis of hyperinsulinism of infancy: a retrospective study involving 49 children. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 34 2120-2128.
    • (2007) Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging , vol.34 , pp. 2120-2128
    • Ribeiro, M.J.1    Boddaert, N.2    Bellanné-Chantelot, C.3
  • 227
    • 36849049798 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accuracy of [18F]fluorodopa positron emission tomography for diagnosing and localizing focal congenital hyperinsulinism
    • OT Hardy, M Hernandez-Pampaloni, JR Saffer, et al. (2007) Accuracy of [18F]fluorodopa positron emission tomography for diagnosing and localizing focal congenital hyperinsulinism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 92 4706-4711.
    • (2007) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.92 , pp. 4706-4711
    • Hardy, O.T.1    Hernandez-Pampaloni, M.2    Saffer, J.R.3
  • 228
    • 0344517356 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular genetics of type 1 glycogen storage diseases
    • J Yang Chou and BC Mansfield (1999) Molecular genetics of type 1 glycogen storage diseases. Trends Endocrinol Metab 10 104-113.
    • (1999) Trends Endocrinol Metab , vol.10 , pp. 104-113
    • Yang Chou, J.1    Mansfield, B.C.2
  • 229
    • 36148980050 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of hepatic and brain metabolism in young adults with glycogen storage disease type 1: a magnetic resonance spectroscopy study
    • D Weghuber, M Mandl, M Krssák, et al. (2007) Characterization of hepatic and brain metabolism in young adults with glycogen storage disease type 1: a magnetic resonance spectroscopy study. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 293 E1378-E1384.
    • (2007) Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab , vol.293 , pp. E1378-E1384
    • Weghuber, D.1    Mandl, M.2    Krssák, M.3
  • 230
    • 0037176516 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hepatocyte transplantation as a treatment for glycogen storage disease type 1a
    • M Muraca, G Gerunda, D Neri, et al. (2002) Hepatocyte transplantation as a treatment for glycogen storage disease type 1a. Lancet 359 317-318.
    • (2002) Lancet , vol.359 , pp. 317-318
    • Muraca, M.1    Gerunda, G.2    Neri, D.3
  • 231
    • 0034118154 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glucose transporters: structure, function and consequences of deficiency
    • GK Brown (2000) Glucose transporters: structure, function and consequences of deficiency. J Inherit Metab Dis 23 237-246.
    • (2000) J Inherit Metab Dis , vol.23 , pp. 237-246
    • Brown, G.K.1
  • 232
    • 0003720078 scopus 로고
    • Mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation disorders
    • CR Scriver, AL Beaudet, WS Sly, et al., (Eds), 7th ed, New York, NY: McGraw-Hill
    • CR Roe, PM Coates (1995) Mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation disorders. CR Scriver, AL Beaudet, WS Sly, et al., (Eds) The Metabolic and Molecular Bases of Inherited Disease 7th ed New York, NY: McGraw-Hill 1501-1533.
    • (1995) The Metabolic and Molecular Bases of Inherited Disease , pp. 1501-1533
    • Roe, C.R.1    Coates, P.M.2
  • 233
    • 0031940965 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dissecting the spectrum of fatty acid oxidation disorders
    • CA Stanley (1998) Dissecting the spectrum of fatty acid oxidation disorders. J Pediatr 132 384-386.
    • (1998) J Pediatr , vol.132 , pp. 384-386
    • Stanley, C.A.1
  • 234
    • 0032953645 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Primary systemic carnitine deficiency is caused by mutations in a gene encoding sodium ion-dependent carnitine transporter
    • J Nezu, I Tamai, A Oku, et al. (1999) Primary systemic carnitine deficiency is caused by mutations in a gene encoding sodium ion-dependent carnitine transporter. Nat Genet 21 91-94.
    • (1999) Nat Genet , vol.21 , pp. 91-94
    • Nezu, J.1    Tamai, I.2    Oku, A.3
  • 235
    • 0030816023 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diagnosis of inborn errors of metabolism by acylcarnitine profiling in blood using tandem mass spectrometry
    • C Vianey-Saban, N Guffon, F Delolne, et al. (1997) Diagnosis of inborn errors of metabolism by acylcarnitine profiling in blood using tandem mass spectrometry. J Inherit Metab Dis 20 411-414.
    • (1997) J Inherit Metab Dis , vol.20 , pp. 411-414
    • Vianey-Saban, C.1    Guffon, N.2    Delolne, F.3
  • 236
    • 0019499706 scopus 로고
    • Fasting hypoglycemia resulting from hepatic carnitine palmitoyl transferase deficiency
    • PF Bougnères, JM Saudubray, C Marsac, et al. (1981) Fasting hypoglycemia resulting from hepatic carnitine palmitoyl transferase deficiency. J Pediatr 98 742-746.
    • (1981) J Pediatr , vol.98 , pp. 742-746
    • Bougnères, P.F.1    Saudubray, J.M.2    Marsac, C.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.