메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn , Issue , 2011, Pages 157-174

Biological activities of ginseng and its application to human health

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords


EID: 85059447148     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Chapter
Times cited : (72)

References (117)
  • 1
    • 0024516512 scopus 로고
    • Acetyl panaxydol and panxydolchlorohydrin, two new polyenes from Korean ginseng with cytotoxic activity against L1210 cells.
    • Ahn, B. Z., S. I. Kim, and Y. H. Lee. 1989. Acetyl panaxydol and panxydolchlorohydrin, two new polyenes from Korean ginseng with cytotoxic activity against L1210 cells. Arch Pharm 322:223-6.
    • (1989) Arch Pharm , vol.322 , pp. 223-226
    • Ahn, B.Z.1    Kim, S.I.2    Lee, Y.H.3
  • 2
    • 0036266324 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antidiabetic effects of Panax ginseng berry extract and the identification of an effective component.
    • Attele, A. S., Y. P. Zhou, J. T. Xie et al. 2002. Antidiabetic effects of Panax ginseng berry extract and the identification of an effective component. Diabetes 51:1851-8.
    • (2002) Diabetes , vol.51 , pp. 1851-1858
    • Attele, A.S.1    Zhou, Y.P.2    Xie, J.T.3
  • 3
    • 0036370799 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metabolism of 20(S)- and 20(R)-gensenoside Rg3 by human intestinal bacteria and its relation to in vivo biological activities.
    • Bae, E. A., M. J. Han, M. K. Choo, S. Y. Park, and D. H. Kim. 2002. Metabolism of 20(S)- and 20(R)-gensenoside Rg3 by human intestinal bacteria and its relation to in vivo biological activities. Biol Pharm Bull 25:58-63.
    • (2002) Biol Pharm Bull , vol.25 , pp. 58-63
    • Bae, E.A.1    Han, M.J.2    Choo, M.K.3    Park, S.Y.4    Kim, D.H.5
  • 4
    • 36549021078 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ginsenosides Rg1 and Rb1 enhance glutamate release through activation of protein kinase A in rat cerebrocortical nerve terminals (synaptosomes).
    • Chang, Y., W. J. Huang, L. T. Tien, and S. J. Wang. 2008. Ginsenosides Rg1 and Rb1 enhance glutamate release through activation of protein kinase A in rat cerebrocortical nerve terminals (synaptosomes). Eur J Pharmacol 578:28-36.
    • (2008) Eur J Pharmacol , vol.578 , pp. 28-36
    • Chang, Y.1    Huang, W.J.2    Tien, L.T.3    Wang, S.J.4
  • 5
    • 48049107313 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ginsenosides Rg1 and Rb1 enhance glutamate exocytosis from rat cortical nerve terminals by affecting vesicle mobilization through the activation of protein kinase C.
    • Chang, Y., and S. J. Wang. 2008. Ginsenosides Rg1 and Rb1 enhance glutamate exocytosis from rat cortical nerve terminals by affecting vesicle mobilization through the activation of protein kinase C. Eur J Pharmacol 590:74-9.
    • (2008) Eur J Pharmacol , vol.590 , pp. 74-79
    • Chang, Y.1    Wang, S.J.2
  • 6
    • 0036712333 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protective effect of ginsenoside Rg1 against MPTP-induced apoptosis in mouse substantia nigra neurons.
    • Chen, X. C., Y. Chen, Y. G. Zhu, F. Fang, and L. M. Chen. 2002. Protective effect of ginsenoside Rg1 against MPTP-induced apoptosis in mouse substantia nigra neurons. Acta Pharmacol Sin 23:829-34.
    • (2002) Acta Pharmacol Sin , vol.23 , pp. 829-834
    • Chen, X.C.1    Chen, Y.2    Zhu, Y.G.3    Fang, F.4    Chen, L.M.5
  • 7
    • 0034851509 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of 17 estradiol and total ginsenoside on the spatial learning and memory impairment of ovariectomy rats.
    • Chen, J., Y. S. Gong, and J. T. Zhang. 2001. Effects of 17 estradiol and total ginsenoside on the spatial learning and memory impairment of ovariectomy rats. Chin Pharm J 36:522-6.
    • (2001) Chin Pharm J , vol.36 , pp. 522-526
    • Chen, J.1    Gong, Y.S.2    Zhang, J.T.3
  • 8
    • 18744403057 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular mechanisms of ginsenoside Rh2-mediated G1 growth arrest and apoptosis in human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells.
    • Cheng, C. C., S. M. Yang, C. Y. Huang, J. C. Chen, W. H. Chang, and S. L. Hsu. 2005. Molecular mechanisms of ginsenoside Rh2-mediated G1 growth arrest and apoptosis in human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 55:531-40.
    • (2005) Cancer Chemother Pharmacol , vol.55 , pp. 531-540
    • Cheng, C.C.1    Yang, S.M.2    Huang, C.Y.3    Chen, J.C.4    Chang, W.H.5    Hsu, S.L.6
  • 9
    • 33749990092 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ginsenoside Re of Panax ginseng possesses significant antioxidant and antihyperlipidemic efficiency in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
    • Cho, W. C., W. S. Chung, S. K. Lee, A. W. Leung, C. H. Cheng, and K. K. Yue. 2006. Ginsenoside Re of Panax ginseng possesses significant antioxidant and antihyperlipidemic efficiency in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Eur J Pharmacol 550:173-9.
    • (2006) Eur J Pharmacol , vol.550 , pp. 173-179
    • Cho, W.C.1    Chung, W.S.2    Lee, S.K.3    Leung, A.W.4    Cheng, C.H.5    Yue, K.K.6
  • 10
    • 69949130845 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ginsenoside Rh2-mediated G1 phase cell cycle arrest in human breast cancer cells is caused by p15Ink4B and p27 Kip1-dependent inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinases.
    • Choi, S., T. W. Kim, and S. V. Singh. 2009. Ginsenoside Rh2-mediated G1 phase cell cycle arrest in human breast cancer cells is caused by p15Ink4B and p27 Kip1-dependent inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinases. Pharm Res 26(10):2280-8.
    • (2009) Pharm Res , vol.26 , Issue.10 , pp. 2280-2288
    • Choi, S.1    Kim, T.W.2    Singh, S.V.3
  • 11
    • 50349101675 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ginsenosides: Chemistry, biosynthesis, analysis, and potential health effects.
    • Christensen, L. P. 2009. Ginsenosides: Chemistry, biosynthesis, analysis, and potential health effects. Adv Food Nutr Res 55:1-99.
    • (2009) Adv Food Nutr Res , vol.55 , pp. 1-99
    • Christensen, L.P.1
  • 12
    • 0035380884 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparisons between white ginseng radix and rootlet for antidiabetic mechanism in KKAy mice.
    • Chung, S. H., and C. G. Choi. 2001. Comparisons between white ginseng radix and rootlet for antidiabetic mechanism in KKAy mice. Arch Pharm Res 24:214-8.
    • (2001) Arch Pharm Res , vol.24 , pp. 214-218
    • Chung, S.H.1    Choi, C.G.2
  • 13
    • 0041336976 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anti-hyperglycemic effects of ginseng: Comparison between root and berry.
    • Dey, L., J. T. Xie, A. Wang, J. Wu, S. A. Maleckar, and C. S. Yuan. 2003. Anti-hyperglycemic effects of ginseng: Comparison between root and berry. Phytomedicine 10:600-5.
    • (2003) Phytomedicine , vol.10 , pp. 600-605
    • Dey, L.1    Xie, J.T.2    Wang, A.3    Wu, J.4    Maleckar, S.A.5    Yuan, C.S.6
  • 14
    • 0026729695 scopus 로고
    • Multistage carcinogenesis in mouse skin.
    • DiGiovanni, J. 1992. Multistage carcinogenesis in mouse skin. Pharmacol Ther 54:63-128.
    • (1992) Pharmacol Ther , vol.54 , pp. 63-128
    • DiGiovanni, J.1
  • 15
    • 0023675690 scopus 로고
    • Ginsenoside Rb1 as a suppressor in central modulation of feeding in the rat.
    • Etou, H., T. Sakata, K. Fujimoto et al. 1988. Ginsenoside Rb1 as a suppressor in central modulation of feeding in the rat. Nippon Yakurigaku Zasshi 91(1):9-15.
    • (1988) Nippon Yakurigaku Zasshi , vol.91 , Issue.1 , pp. 9-15
    • Etou, H.1    Sakata, T.2    Fujimoto, K.3
  • 16
    • 0035678118 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stimulation of nitric oxide synthesis by the aqueous extract of Panax ginseng root in RAW 264.7 cells.
    • Friedl, R., T. Moeslinger, B. Kopp, and P. G. Spieckermann. 2001. Stimulation of nitric oxide synthesis by the aqueous extract of Panax ginseng root in RAW 264.7 cells. Br J Pharmacol 134:1663-70.
    • (2001) Br J Pharmacol , vol.134 , pp. 1663-1670
    • Friedl, R.1    Moeslinger, T.2    Kopp, B.3    Spieckermann, P.G.4
  • 17
    • 0024396811 scopus 로고
    • Attenuation of anorexia induced by heat or surgery during sustained administration of ginsenoside Rg1 into rat third ventricle.
    • Fujimoto, K., T. Sakata, T. Ishimaru et al. 1989. Attenuation of anorexia induced by heat or surgery during sustained administration of ginsenoside Rg1 into rat third ventricle. Psychopharmacology 99(2):257-60.
    • (1989) Psychopharmacology , vol.99 , Issue.2 , pp. 257-260
    • Fujimoto, K.1    Sakata, T.2    Ishimaru, T.3
  • 18
    • 0035654533 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of ginseng of colon carcinogenesis in rats
    • Fukushima, S., H. Wanibuchi, and W. Li. 2001. Inhibition of ginseng of colon carcinogenesis in rats. J Korean Med Sci 16(Suppl.):S75-80.
    • (2001) J Korean Med Sci , vol.16 , pp. S75-S80
    • Fukushima, S.1    Wanibuchi, H.2    Li, W.3
  • 19
    • 0029776830 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunostimulating polysaccharides from Panax notoginseng.
    • Gao, H., F. Wang, E. J. Lien, and M. D. Trousdale. 1996. Immunostimulating polysaccharides from Panax notoginseng. Pharm Res 13:1196-200.
    • (1996) Pharm Res , vol.13 , pp. 1196-1200
    • Gao, H.1    Wang, F.2    Lien, E.J.3    Trousdale, M.D.4
  • 20
    • 0030757369 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Panax ginseng pharmacology: A nitric oxide link?
    • Gillis, C. N. 1997. Panax ginseng pharmacology: A nitric oxide link? Biochem Pharmacol 54:1-8.
    • (1997) Biochem Pharmacol , vol.54 , pp. 1-8
    • Gillis, C.N.1
  • 21
    • 0027218689 scopus 로고
    • Biochemistry of multidrug resistance mediated by the multidrug transport.
    • Gotteeman, M. M., and I. Pastan. 1993. Biochemistry of multidrug resistance mediated by the multidrug transport. Annu Rev Biochem 62:385-427.
    • (1993) Annu Rev Biochem , vol.62 , pp. 385-427
    • Gotteeman, M.M.1    Pastan, I.2
  • 22
    • 67650667438 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Panaxydol inhibits the proliferation and induces the differentiation of human hepatocarcinoma cell lineHepG2.
    • Guo, L., L. Song, Z. Wang, W. Zhao, W. Mao, and Y. Ming. 2009. Panaxydol inhibits the proliferation and induces the differentiation of human hepatocarcinoma cell lineHepG2. Chem Biol Interact 181:138-43.
    • (2009) Chem Biol Interact , vol.181 , pp. 138-143
    • Guo, L.1    Song, L.2    Wang, Z.3    Zhao, W.4    Mao, W.5    Ming, Y.6
  • 23
    • 38049083706 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Compound K enhances insulin secretion with beneficial metabolic effects in db/db mice.
    • Han, C. G., S. K. Ko, J. H. Sung, and S. H. Chung. 2007. Compound K enhances insulin secretion with beneficial metabolic effects in db/db mice. J Agric Food Chem 55:10641-8.
    • (2007) J Agric Food Chem , vol.55 , pp. 10641-10648
    • Han, C.G.1    Ko, S.K.2    Sung, J.H.3    Chung, S.H.4
  • 24
    • 23344435651 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ginseng improved Th1 immune response inhibited by gamma radiation.
    • Han, S. K., J. Y. Song, Y. S. Yun, and S. Y. Yi. 2005. Ginseng improved Th1 immune response inhibited by gamma radiation. Arch Pharm Res 28:343-50.
    • (2005) Arch Pharm Res , vol.28 , pp. 343-350
    • Han, S.K.1    Song, J.Y.2    Yun, Y.S.3    Yi, S.Y.4
  • 25
    • 0029840531 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Main ginseng saponin metabolites formed by intestinal bacteria.
    • Hasegawa, H., J. H. Sung, S. Matsumiya, and M. Uchiyama. 1996. Main ginseng saponin metabolites formed by intestinal bacteria. Planta Med 62:453-7.
    • (1996) Planta Med , vol.62 , pp. 453-457
    • Hasegawa, H.1    Sung, J.H.2    Matsumiya, S.3    Uchiyama, M.4
  • 26
    • 4644356962 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cancer prevention and therapeutics: Panax ginseng.
    • Helms, S. 2004. Cancer prevention and therapeutics: Panax ginseng. Altern Med Rev 9:259-74.
    • (2004) Altern Med Rev , vol.9 , pp. 259-274
    • Helms, S.1
  • 28
    • 36148962915 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anti-obesity effects of ginsenoside Rh2 are associated with the activation of AMPK signaling pathway in 3T3-L1 adipocyte.
    • Hwang, J. T., S. H. Kim, M. S. Lee et al. 2007. Anti-obesity effects of ginsenoside Rh2 are associated with the activation of AMPK signaling pathway in 3T3-L1 adipocyte. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 364:1002-8.
    • (2007) Biochem Biophys Res Commun , vol.364 , pp. 1002-1008
    • Hwang, J.T.1    Kim, S.H.2    Lee, M.S.3
  • 29
    • 59449086814 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antiobesity effect of ginsenoside Rg3 involves the AMPK and PPAR-γ signal pathways.
    • Hwang, J. T., M. S. Lee, H. J. Kim et al. 2009. Antiobesity effect of ginsenoside Rg3 involves the AMPK and PPAR-γ signal pathways. Phytother Res 23:262-6.
    • (2009) Phytother Res , vol.23 , pp. 262-266
    • Hwang, J.T.1    Lee, M.S.2    Kim, H.J.3
  • 30
    • 27744455616 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genistein, EGCG, and capsaicin inhibit adipocyte differentiation process via activating AMP-activated protein kinase.
    • Hwang, J. T., J. I. Park, Y. K. Shin et al. 2005. Genistein, EGCG, and capsaicin inhibit adipocyte differentiation process via activating AMP-activated protein kinase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 338:694-9.
    • (2005) Biochem Biophys Res Commun , vol.338 , pp. 694-699
    • Hwang, J.T.1    Park, J.I.2    Shin, Y.K.3
  • 31
    • 6344294207 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rh2, a compound extracted from ginseng, hypersensitizes multidrugresistance tumor cells to chemotherapy.
    • Jia, W. W., X. Bu, D. Philips et al. 2004. Rh2, a compound extracted from ginseng, hypersensitizes multidrugresistance tumor cells to chemotherapy. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 82:431-7.
    • (2004) Can J Physiol Pharmacol , vol.82 , pp. 431-437
    • Jia, W.W.1    Bu, X.2    Philips, D.3
  • 33
    • 46449129397 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevention of inflammation-mediated neurotoxicity by Rg3 and its role in microglial activation.
    • Joo, S. S., Y. M. Yoo, B. W. Ahn et al. 2008. Prevention of inflammation-mediated neurotoxicity by Rg3 and its role in microglial activation. Biol Pharm Bull 31:1392-6.
    • (2008) Biol Pharm Bull , vol.31 , pp. 1392-1396
    • Joo, S.S.1    Yoo, Y.M.2    Ahn, B.W.3
  • 34
    • 0001043458 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Studies on the physiological and biochemical effect of Korean ginseng.
    • Jung, N. P., and S. H. Jin. 1996. Studies on the physiological and biochemical effect of Korean ginseng. Korean J Ginseng Sci 20:431-71.
    • (1996) Korean J Ginseng Sci , vol.20 , pp. 431-471
    • Jung, N.P.1    Jin, S.H.2
  • 35
    • 28844468779 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ginseng saponin metabolite suppresses phorbol ester-induced matrix metallpproteinase-9 expression through inhibition of activator protein-1 and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway in human astroglioma cells.
    • Jung, S. H., M. S. Woo, S. Y. Kim et al. 2006. Ginseng saponin metabolite suppresses phorbol ester-induced matrix metallpproteinase-9 expression through inhibition of activator protein-1 and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway in human astroglioma cells. Int J Cancer 118:490-7.
    • (2006) Int J Cancer , vol.118 , pp. 490-497
    • Jung, S.H.1    Woo, M.S.2    Kim, S.Y.3
  • 36
    • 34047249739 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ginseng intake and gastric cancer risk in the Shanghai women's health study cohort.
    • Kamangar, F., Y. T. Gao, X. O. Shu et al. 2007. Ginseng intake and gastric cancer risk in the Shanghai women's health study cohort. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 16:629-630.
    • (2007) Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev , vol.16 , pp. 629-630
    • Kamangar, F.1    Gao, Y.T.2    Shu, X.O.3
  • 38
    • 33846882015 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuroprotective effects of ginsenoside Rg3 against homocysteineinduced excitotoxicity in rat hippocampus.
    • Kim, J. H., S. Y. Cho, J. H. Lee et al. 2007. Neuroprotective effects of ginsenoside Rg3 against homocysteineinduced excitotoxicity in rat hippocampus. Brain Res 1136:190-9.
    • (2007) Brain Res , vol.1136 , pp. 190-199
    • Kim, J.H.1    Cho, S.Y.2    Lee, J.H.3
  • 39
    • 55149111149 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Korean red ginseng stimulates insulin release from isolated rat pancreatic islets.
    • Kim, K., and H. Y. Kim. 2008. Korean red ginseng stimulates insulin release from isolated rat pancreatic islets. J Ethnopharmacol 120:190-5.
    • (2008) J Ethnopharmacol , vol.120 , pp. 190-195
    • Kim, K.1    Kim, H.Y.2
  • 40
    • 4544338752 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ginsenoside Rg3 antagonizes NMDA receptors through a glycine modulatory site in rat cultured hippocampal neurons.
    • Kim, S., T. Kim, K. Ahn, W. K. Park, S. Y. Nah, and H. Rhim. 2004. Ginsenoside Rg3 antagonizes NMDA receptors through a glycine modulatory site in rat cultured hippocampal neurons. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 323:416-24.
    • (2004) Biochem Biophys Res Commun , vol.323 , pp. 416-424
    • Kim, S.1    Kim, T.2    Ahn, K.3    Park, W.K.4    Nah, S.Y.5    Rhim, H.6
  • 41
    • 33847615656 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Radioprotective effects of an acidic polysaccharide of Panax ginseng on bone marrow cells.
    • Kim, H. J., M. H. Kim, Y. Y. Byon, J. W. Park, Y. Jee, and H. G. Joo. 2007. Radioprotective effects of an acidic polysaccharide of Panax ginseng on bone marrow cells. J Vet Sci 8:39-44.
    • (2007) J Vet Sci , vol.8 , pp. 39-44
    • Kim, H.J.1    Kim, M.H.2    Byon, Y.Y.3    Park, J.W.4    Jee, Y.5    Joo, H.G.6
  • 42
    • 0034521401 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Steaming of ginseng at high temperature enhances biological activity.
    • Kim, W. Y., J. M. Kim, S. B. Han et al. 2000. Steaming of ginseng at high temperature enhances biological activity. J Nat Prod 63:1702-4.
    • (2000) J Nat Prod , vol.63 , pp. 1702-1704
    • Kim, W.Y.1    Kim, J.M.2    Han, S.B.3
  • 43
    • 0037212768 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reversal of P-glycoprotein-mediated multidrug resistance by ginsenoside Rg(3).
    • Kim, S. W., H. Y. Kwon, D. W. Chi et al. 2003. Reversal of P-glycoprotein-mediated multidrug resistance by ginsenoside Rg(3). Biochem Pharmacol 65:58-61.
    • (2003) Biochem Pharmacol , vol.65 , pp. 58-61
    • Kim, S.W.1    Kwon, H.Y.2    Chi, D.W.3
  • 44
    • 16544379730 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of ginsenosides Rg3 and Rh2 on the proliferation of prostate cancer cells.
    • Kim, H. S., E. H. Lee, S. R. Ko, K. J. Choi, J. H. Park, and D. S. Im. 2004. Effects of ginsenosides Rg3 and Rh2 on the proliferation of prostate cancer cells. Arch Pharm Res 27:429-35.
    • (2004) Arch Pharm Res , vol.27 , pp. 429-435
    • Kim, H.S.1    Lee, E.H.2    Ko, S.R.3    Choi, K.J.4    Park, J.H.5    Im, D.S.6
  • 45
    • 0019488469 scopus 로고
    • Effects of hypoglycemic components in ginseng radix on blood insulin level in alloxan diabetic mice and on insulin release from perfused rat pancreas.
    • Kimura, M., I. Waki, T. Chujo et al. 1981. Effects of hypoglycemic components in ginseng radix on blood insulin level in alloxan diabetic mice and on insulin release from perfused rat pancreas. J Pharmacobiodyn 4:410-7.
    • (1981) J Pharmacobiodyn , vol.4 , pp. 410-417
    • Kimura, M.1    Waki, I.2    Chujo, T.3
  • 46
    • 0020550397 scopus 로고
    • Chemical studies on crude drug processing I. On the constituents of Ginseng Radix Rubra.
    • Kitagawa, I., M. Yoshikawa, M. Yoshihara, T. Hayashi, and T. Taniyama. 1983. Chemical studies on crude drug processing I. On the constituents of Ginseng Radix Rubra. Yakugaku Zasshi 103:612-22.
    • (1983) Yakugaku Zasshi , vol.103 , pp. 612-622
    • Kitagawa, I.1    Yoshikawa, M.2    Yoshihara, M.3    Hayashi, T.4    Taniyama, T.5
  • 47
    • 0013555947 scopus 로고
    • Chemopreventive action of ginseng on DMBA-induced papillomagenesis in the skin of mice
    • Seoul, Korea
    • Kumar, A. 1993. Chemopreventive action of ginseng on DMBA-induced papillomagenesis in the skin of mice. Proceedings of the 6th International Ginseng Symposium, (Seoul, Korea), 66-8.
    • (1993) Proceedings of the 6th International Ginseng Symposium , pp. 66-68
    • Kumar, A.1
  • 48
    • 42949124575 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selective toxicity of ginsenoside Rg3 on multidrug resistance cells by membrane fluidity modulation.
    • Kwon, H. Y., E. H. Kim, S. W. Kim, S. N. Kim, J. D. Park, and D. K. Rhee. 2008. Selective toxicity of ginsenoside Rg3 on multidrug resistance cells by membrane fluidity modulation. Arch Pharm Res 31:171-7.
    • (2008) Arch Pharm Res , vol.31 , pp. 171-177
    • Kwon, H.Y.1    Kim, E.H.2    Kim, S.W.3    Kim, S.N.4    Park, J.D.5    Rhee, D.K.6
  • 50
    • 33745869802 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ginsenoside Rg1 helps mice resist to disseminated candidiasis by Th1 type differentiation of CD4+ T cell.
    • Lee, J. H., and Y. Han. 2006. Ginsenoside Rg1 helps mice resist to disseminated candidiasis by Th1 type differentiation of CD4+ T cell. Int Immunopharmacol 6:1424-30.
    • (2006) Int Immunopharmacol , vol.6 , pp. 1424-1430
    • Lee, J.H.1    Han, Y.2
  • 51
    • 33645083467 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increase of insulin secretion by ginsenoside Rh2 to lower plasma glucose in Wistar rats.
    • Lee, W. K., S. T. Kao, I. M. Liu, and J. T. Cheng. 2006. Increase of insulin secretion by ginsenoside Rh2 to lower plasma glucose in Wistar rats. Clin Exp Pharmcol Physiol 33:27-32.
    • (2006) Clin Exp Pharmcol Physiol , vol.33 , pp. 27-32
    • Lee, W.K.1    Kao, S.T.2    Liu, I.M.3    Cheng, J.T.4
  • 52
    • 33645809108 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 20(S)-ginsenoside Rh2, a newly identified active ingredient of ginseng, inhibits NMDA receptors in cultured rat hippocampal neurons.
    • Lee, E., S. Kim, K. C. Chun et al. 2006. 20(S)-ginsenoside Rh2, a newly identified active ingredient of ginseng, inhibits NMDA receptors in cultured rat hippocampal neurons. Eur J Pharmacol 536:69-77.
    • (2006) Eur J Pharmacol , vol.536 , pp. 69-77
    • Lee, E.1    Kim, S.2    Chun, K.C.3
  • 53
    • 10744231155 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ginsenoside Rg1 enhances CD4(+) T-cell activities and modulates Th1/Th2 differentiation.
    • Lee, E. J., E. Ko, J. Lee et al. 2004. Ginsenoside Rg1 enhances CD4(+) T-cell activities and modulates Th1/Th2 differentiation. Int Immunopharmacol 4:235-44.
    • (2004) Int Immunopharmacol , vol.4 , pp. 235-244
    • Lee, E.J.1    Ko, E.2    Lee, J.3
  • 54
    • 13844280922 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antitumor promotional effects of a novel intestinal bacterial metabolite (IH-901) derived from the protopanaxadiol-type ginsenosides in mouse skin.
    • Lee, J. Y., J. W. Shin, K. S. Chun et al. 2005. Antitumor promotional effects of a novel intestinal bacterial metabolite (IH-901) derived from the protopanaxadiol-type ginsenosides in mouse skin. Carcinogenesis 26:359-67.
    • (2005) Carcinogenesis , vol.26 , pp. 359-367
    • Lee, J.Y.1    Shin, J.W.2    Chun, K.S.3
  • 55
    • 0033600277 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The changing landscape of ischaemic brain injury mechanisms.
    • Lee, J. M., G. J. Zipfel, and D. W. Choi. 1999. The changing landscape of ischaemic brain injury mechanisms. Nature 399:A7-14.
    • (1999) Nature , vol.399 , pp. A7-A14
    • Lee, J.M.1    Zipfel, G.J.2    Choi, D.W.3
  • 56
    • 28944446431 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The many faces of PPARgamma.
    • Lehrke, M., and M. A. Lazar. 2005. The many faces of PPARgamma. Cell 123:993-9.
    • (2005) Cell , vol.123 , pp. 993-999
    • Lehrke, M.1    Lazar, M.A.2
  • 57
    • 34948887630 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ginsenoside Rb1 inhibits tube-like structure formation of endothelial cells by regulating pigment epithelium-derived factor through the oestrogen β receptor.
    • Leung, K. W., L. W. T. Cheung, Y. L. Pon et al. 2007. Ginsenoside Rb1 inhibits tube-like structure formation of endothelial cells by regulating pigment epithelium-derived factor through the oestrogen β receptor. British J Pharm 152:207-15.
    • (2007) British J Pharm , vol.152 , pp. 207-215
    • Leung, K.W.1    Cheung, L.W.T.2    Pon, Y.L.3
  • 58
    • 0031107271 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of age and ginsenoside Rg1 on nitric oxide content and nitric oxide synthase activity of cerebral cortex on rats.
    • Li, J. Q., Z. K. Li, H. Duan, and J. T. Zhang. 1997. Effect of age and ginsenoside Rg1 on nitric oxide content and nitric oxide synthase activity of cerebral cortex on rats. Acta Pharm Sin 32:251-4.
    • (1997) Acta Pharm Sin , vol.32 , pp. 251-254
    • Li, J.Q.1    Li, Z.K.2    Duan, H.3    Zhang, J.T.4
  • 59
    • 69049106403 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Panaxadiol, a purified ginseng component, enhances the anti-cancer effects of 5-fluorouracil in human colorectal cancer cells.
    • Li, X. L., C. Z. Wang, S. R. Mehendale, S. Sun, Q. Wang, and C. S. Yuan. 2009. Panaxadiol, a purified ginseng component, enhances the anti-cancer effects of 5-fluorouracil in human colorectal cancer cells. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 64(6):1097-104.
    • (2009) Cancer Chemother Pharmacol , vol.64 , Issue.6 , pp. 1097-1104
    • Li, X.L.1    Wang, C.Z.2    Mehendale, S.R.3    Sun, S.4    Wang, Q.5    Yuan, C.S.6
  • 60
    • 33646734515 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ginsenoside 20(S)-protopanaxadiol inhibits the proliferation and invasion of human fibrosarcoma HT1080 cells.
    • Li, G., Z. Wang, Y. Sun, K. Liu, and Z. Wang. 2006. Ginsenoside 20(S)-protopanaxadiol inhibits the proliferation and invasion of human fibrosarcoma HT1080 cells. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 98:588-92.
    • (2006) Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol , vol.98 , pp. 588-592
    • Li, G.1    Wang, Z.2    Sun, Y.3    Liu, K.4    Wang, Z.5
  • 61
    • 0031150570 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of apoptosis by ginsenoside Rg1 in cultured cortical neurons.
    • Li, J., G. Zhang, and J. T. Zhang. 1997. Inhibition of apoptosis by ginsenoside Rg1 in cultured cortical neurons. Acta Pharm Sin 32:406-10.
    • (1997) Acta Pharm Sin , vol.32 , pp. 406-410
    • Li, J.1    Zhang, G.2    Zhang, J.T.3
  • 62
    • 33749327496 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enhancement of the release of inflammatory mediators by substance P in rat basophilic leukemia RBL-2H3 cells.
    • Liao, B. C., R. C. Hou, J. S. Wang, and K. C. Jeng. 2006. Enhancement of the release of inflammatory mediators by substance P in rat basophilic leukemia RBL-2H3 cells. J Biomed Sci 13:613-9.
    • (2006) J Biomed Sci , vol.13 , pp. 613-619
    • Liao, B.C.1    Hou, R.C.2    Wang, J.S.3    Jeng, K.C.4
  • 63
    • 23944492350 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term oral administration of ginseng extract modulates humoral immune response and spleen cell functions.
    • Liou, C. J., W. C. Huang, and J. Tseng. 2005. Long-term oral administration of ginseng extract modulates humoral immune response and spleen cell functions. Am J Chin Med 33:651-61.
    • (2005) Am J Chin Med , vol.33 , pp. 651-661
    • Liou, C.J.1    Huang, W.C.2    Tseng, J.3
  • 64
    • 17444385596 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improvement of insulin resistance by Panax ginseng in fructose-rich chow-fed rats.
    • Liu, T. P., I. M. Liu, and J. T. Cheng. 2005. Improvement of insulin resistance by Panax ginseng in fructose-rich chow-fed rats. Horm Metab Res 37:333-9.
    • (2005) Horm Metab Res , vol.37 , pp. 333-339
    • Liu, T.P.1    Liu, I.M.2    Cheng, J.T.3
  • 65
    • 77955575222 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ginseng on hyperglycemia: Effects and mechanisms.
    • Luo, J. Z., and L. Luo. 2008. Ginseng on hyperglycemia: Effects and mechanisms. eCAM 6:423-7.
    • (2008) eCAM , vol.6 , pp. 423-427
    • Luo, J.Z.1    Luo, L.2
  • 66
    • 33748201920 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • American ginseng stimulates insulin production and prevents apoptosis induced by IL-1β in pancreatic β cells
    • Luo, J. Z., N. Yano, and L. Luo. 2003. American ginseng stimulates insulin production and prevents apoptosis induced by IL-1β in pancreatic β cells. Diabetes 52(Suppl. 1):A354-1534-P.
    • (2003) Diabetes , vol.52 , pp. A354-1534
    • Luo, J.Z.1    Yano, N.2    Luo, L.3
  • 67
    • 0029098678 scopus 로고
    • Inhibitory effect of tumor metastasis in mice by saponins, ginsenoside Rb2, 20(R)- and 20(S)-ginsenoside-Rg3, of red ginseng.
    • Mochizuki, M., Y. C. Yoo, and K. Matsuzawa. 1995. Inhibitory effect of tumor metastasis in mice by saponins, ginsenoside Rb2, 20(R)- and 20(S)-ginsenoside-Rg3, of red ginseng. Biol Pharm Bull 18:1197-202.
    • (1995) Biol Pharm Bull , vol.18 , pp. 1197-1202
    • Mochizuki, M.1    Yoo, Y.C.2    Matsuzawa, K.3
  • 68
    • 0034053334 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Membrane associated antitumor effects of crocine-, ginsenosideand cannabinoid derivatives.
    • Molnar, J., D. Szabo, R. Pusztal et al. 2000. Membrane associated antitumor effects of crocine-, ginsenosideand cannabinoid derivatives. Anticancer Res 20:861-7.
    • (2000) Anticancer Res , vol.20 , pp. 861-867
    • Molnar, J.1    Szabo, D.2    Pusztal, R.3
  • 69
    • 23044470775 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PPARgamma in the control of brown adipocyte differentiation.
    • Nedergaard, J., N. Petrovic, E. M. Lindgren et al. 2005. PPARgamma in the control of brown adipocyte differentiation. Biochem Biophys Acta 1740:293-304.
    • (2005) Biochem Biophys Acta , vol.1740 , pp. 293-304
    • Nedergaard, J.1    Petrovic, N.2    Lindgren, E.M.3
  • 70
    • 27744572639 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of benzo(a)pyrene induced lung adenoma by Panax ginseng extract, EFLA400, in Swiss albino mice.
    • Panwar, M., R. Samarth, M. Kumar, W. J. Yoon, and A. Kumar. 2005. Inhibition of benzo(a)pyrene induced lung adenoma by Panax ginseng extract, EFLA400, in Swiss albino mice. Biol Pharm Bull 28:2063-7.
    • (2005) Biol Pharm Bull , vol.28 , pp. 2063-2067
    • Panwar, M.1    Samarth, R.2    Kumar, M.3    Yoon, W.J.4    Kumar, A.5
  • 71
    • 56749161352 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ginsenoside Rb1 and Rg1 suppress triglyceride accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and enhance β-cell insulin secretion and viability in Min6 cells via PKA-dependent pathways.
    • Park, S., I. S. Ahn, D. Y. Kwon, B. S. Ko, and W. K. Jun. 2008. Ginsenoside Rb1 and Rg1 suppress triglyceride accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and enhance β-cell insulin secretion and viability in Min6 cells via PKA-dependent pathways. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 72:2815-23.
    • (2008) Biosci Biotechnol Biochem , vol.72 , pp. 2815-2823
    • Park, S.1    Ahn, I.S.2    Kwon, D.Y.3    Ko, B.S.4    Jun, W.K.5
  • 72
    • 4544352951 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ginsenoside Rh2 reduces ischemic brain injury in rat.
    • Park, E. K., M. K. Choo, J. K. Oh, J. H. Ryu, and D. H. Kim. 2004. Ginsenoside Rh2 reduces ischemic brain injury in rat. Biol Pharm Bull 27:433-6.
    • (2004) Biol Pharm Bull , vol.27 , pp. 433-436
    • Park, E.K.1    Choo, M.K.2    Oh, J.K.3    Ryu, J.H.4    Kim, D.H.5
  • 73
    • 41849121572 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 20(S)-ginsenoside Rg3 enhances glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and activates AMPK.
    • Park, M. W., J. Ha, and S. H. Chung. 2008. 20(S)-ginsenoside Rg3 enhances glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and activates AMPK. Biol Pharm Bull 31(4):748-51.
    • (2008) Biol Pharm Bull , vol.31 , Issue.4 , pp. 748-751
    • Park, M.W.1    Ha, J.2    Chung, S.H.3
  • 74
    • 0011986176 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of ginseng saponin on modulation of multidrug resistance.
    • Park, J. D., D. S. Kim, S. K. Son et al. 1996. Effect of ginseng saponin on modulation of multidrug resistance. Arch Pharm Res 19:213-8.
    • (1996) Arch Pharm Res , vol.19 , pp. 213-218
    • Park, J.D.1    Kim, D.S.2    Son, S.K.3
  • 75
    • 57949107902 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Korean red ginseng extract induces apoptosis and decreases telomerase activity in human leukemia cells.
    • Park, S. E., C. Park, S. H. Kim et al. 2009. Korean red ginseng extract induces apoptosis and decreases telomerase activity in human leukemia cells. J Ethnopharmacol 121:304-12.
    • (2009) J Ethnopharmacol , vol.121 , pp. 304-312
    • Park, S.E.1    Park, C.2    Kim, S.H.3
  • 76
    • 51449106903 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anti-metastatic potential of ginsenoside Rp1, a novel ginsenoside derivative.
    • Park, T. Y., M. H. Park, W. C. Shin et al. 2008. Anti-metastatic potential of ginsenoside Rp1, a novel ginsenoside derivative. Biol Pharm Bull 31:1802-5.
    • (2008) Biol Pharm Bull , vol.31 , pp. 1802-1805
    • Park, T.Y.1    Park, M.H.2    Shin, W.C.3
  • 77
    • 28644442090 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biological activities and chemistry of saponins from Panax ginsengC. A. Meyer.
    • Park, J. D., D. K. Rhee, and Y. H. Lee. 2005. Biological activities and chemistry of saponins from Panax ginsengC. A. Meyer. Phytochem Rev 4:159-75.
    • (2005) Phytochem Rev , vol.4 , pp. 159-175
    • Park, J.D.1    Rhee, D.K.2    Lee, Y.H.3
  • 78
    • 11144305181 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Possible role of ginsenoside Rb1 on regulation of rat liver triglycerides.
    • Park, K. H., H. J. Shin, Y. B. Song et al. 2002. Possible role of ginsenoside Rb1 on regulation of rat liver triglycerides. Biol Pharm Bull 25:457-60.
    • (2002) Biol Pharm Bull , vol.25 , pp. 457-460
    • Park, K.H.1    Shin, H.J.2    Song, Y.B.3
  • 79
    • 0029548294 scopus 로고
    • Protective effects of ginsenoside on the learning and memory impairment induced by transient cerebral ischemia-reperfusion in mice.
    • Qiu, Y., G. H. Du, Z. W. Qu, and J. T. Zhang. 1995. Protective effects of ginsenoside on the learning and memory impairment induced by transient cerebral ischemia-reperfusion in mice. Chin Pharmacol Bull 11:299-302.
    • (1995) Chin Pharmacol Bull , vol.11 , pp. 299-302
    • Qiu, Y.1    Du, G.H.2    Qu, Z.W.3    Zhang, J.T.4
  • 80
    • 33845227735 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ginseng and Salviae herbs play a role as immune activators and modulate immune responses during influenza virus infection.
    • Quan, F. S., R. W. Compans, Y. K. Cho, and S. M. Kang. 2007. Ginseng and Salviae herbs play a role as immune activators and modulate immune responses during influenza virus infection. Vaccine 25:272-82.
    • (2007) Vaccine , vol.25 , pp. 272-282
    • Quan, F.S.1    Compans, R.W.2    Cho, Y.K.3    Kang, S.M.4
  • 81
    • 53349141483 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ginsenoside Rb1 stimulates glucose uptake through insulin-like signaling pathway in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.
    • Shang, W., Y. Yang, L. Zhou et al. 2008. Ginsenoside Rb1 stimulates glucose uptake through insulin-like signaling pathway in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. J Endocrinol 198:561-9.
    • (2008) J Endocrinol , vol.198 , pp. 561-569
    • Shang, W.1    Yang, Y.2    Zhou, L.3
  • 82
    • 0000562916 scopus 로고
    • Chemistry and pharmacology of Panax ginseng.
    • ed. H. Wagner, H. Kikino, and N. R. Farnsworth, New York: Academic Press
    • Shibata, S., O. Tanaka, J. Shoji, and H. Saito. 1995. Chemistry and pharmacology of Panax ginseng. In Economic and Medicinal Plant Research, ed. H. Wagner, H. Kikino, and N. R. Farnsworth, vol. 1, 217-84. New York: Academic Press.
    • (1995) Economic and Medicinal Plant Research , vol.1 , pp. 217-284
    • Shibata, S.1    Tanaka, O.2    Shoji, J.3    Saito, H.4
  • 83
    • 40649104056 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) in the action of ginsenoside Rh2 against beta-amyloid-induced inhibition of rat brain astrocytes.
    • Shieh, P. C., C. W. Tsao, J. S. Li et al. 2008. Role of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) in the action of ginsenoside Rh2 against beta-amyloid-induced inhibition of rat brain astrocytes. Neurosci Lett 434:1-5.
    • (2008) Neurosci Lett , vol.434 , pp. 1-5
    • Shieh, P.C.1    Tsao, C.W.2    Li, J.S.3
  • 84
    • 0041358716 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cytokine modulating effect of ginseng treatment in a mouse model of Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infection.
    • Song, Z., C. Moser, H. Wu, V. Faber, A. Kharazmi, and N. HØiby. 2003. Cytokine modulating effect of ginseng treatment in a mouse model of Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infection. J Cyst Fibros 2:112-9.
    • (2003) J Cyst Fibros , vol.2 , pp. 112-119
    • Song, Z.1    Moser, C.2    Wu, H.3    Faber, V.4    Kharazmi, A.5    HØiby, N.6
  • 85
    • 62249174378 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Amplified immune response by ginsenoside-based nanoparticles (ginsomes).
    • Song, X., L. Zang, and S. Hu. 2009. Amplified immune response by ginsenoside-based nanoparticles (ginsomes). Vaccine 27:2306-11.
    • (2009) Vaccine , vol.27 , pp. 2306-2311
    • Song, X.1    Zang, L.2    Hu, S.3
  • 86
    • 0029097005 scopus 로고
    • Ginseng therapy in non-insulin dependent diabetic patients.
    • Sotaniemi, E. A., E. Haapakoski, and A. Rautio. 1995. Ginseng therapy in non-insulin dependent diabetic patients. Diabetes Care 18:1373-5.
    • (1995) Diabetes Care , vol.18 , pp. 1373-1375
    • Sotaniemi, E.A.1    Haapakoski, E.2    Rautio, A.3
  • 87
    • 33846076556 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increase of acetylcholine release by Panax ginseng root enhances insulin secretion in Wistar rats.
    • Su, C. F., J. T. Cheng, and I. M. Li. 2007. Increase of acetylcholine release by Panax ginseng root enhances insulin secretion in Wistar rats. Neurosci Lett 412:101-4.
    • (2007) Neurosci Lett , vol.412 , pp. 101-104
    • Su, C.F.1    Cheng, J.T.2    Li, I.M.3
  • 88
    • 33845595321 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adjuvant effects of protopanaxadiol and protopanaxatriol saponins from ginseng roots on the immune responses to ovalbumin in mice.
    • Sun, J., S. Hu, and X. Song. 2007. Adjuvant effects of protopanaxadiol and protopanaxatriol saponins from ginseng roots on the immune responses to ovalbumin in mice. Vaccine 25:1114-20.
    • (2007) Vaccine , vol.25 , pp. 1114-1120
    • Sun, J.1    Hu, S.2    Song, X.3
  • 89
    • 0036959955 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of selected ginsenosides on phorbol ester-induced expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and activation of NF-κB and ERK1/2 in mouse skin.
    • Surh, Y. J., J. Y. Lee, K. J. Choi, and S. R. Ko. 2002. Effects of selected ginsenosides on phorbol ester-induced expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and activation of NF-κB and ERK1/2 in mouse skin. Ann N Y Acad Sci 973:396-401.
    • (2002) Ann N Y Acad Sci , vol.973 , pp. 396-401
    • Surh, Y.J.1    Lee, J.Y.2    Choi, K.J.3    Ko, S.R.4
  • 90
    • 0015330116 scopus 로고
    • Pharmacological studies of Panax ginseng root: Estimation of pharmacological actions of Panax ginseng root.
    • Takagi, K., H. Saito, and H. Nabata. 1972. Pharmacological studies of Panax ginseng root: Estimation of pharmacological actions of Panax ginseng root. Jpn J Pharmacol 22:245-9.
    • (1972) Jpn J Pharmacol , vol.22 , pp. 245-249
    • Takagi, K.1    Saito, H.2    Nabata, H.3
  • 91
    • 3042782856 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dendritic cells maturation promoted by M1 and M4, end products of steroidal ginseng saponins metabolized in digestive tracts, drive a potent Th1 polarization.
    • Takei, M., E. Tachikawa, H. Hasegawa, and J. J. Lee. 2004. Dendritic cells maturation promoted by M1 and M4, end products of steroidal ginseng saponins metabolized in digestive tracts, drive a potent Th1 polarization. Biochem Pharmacol 68:441-52.
    • (2004) Biochem Pharmacol , vol.68 , pp. 441-452
    • Takei, M.1    Tachikawa, E.2    Hasegawa, H.3    Lee, J.J.4
  • 93
    • 0027134883 scopus 로고
    • Characterization of two novel polysaccharides having immunological activities from the root of Panax ginseng.
    • Tomoda, M., K. Hirabayashi, N. Shimizu, R. Gonda, N. Ohara, and K. Takada. 1993. Characterization of two novel polysaccharides having immunological activities from the root of Panax ginseng. Biol Pharm Bull 16(11):1087-90.
    • (1993) Biol Pharm Bull , vol.16 , Issue.11 , pp. 1087-1090
    • Tomoda, M.1    Hirabayashi, K.2    Shimizu, N.3    Gonda, R.4    Ohara, N.5    Takada, K.6
  • 94
    • 0034630423 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) reduces postprandial glycemia in nondiabetic subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
    • Vulksan, V., J. L. Sievenpiper, V. Y. Koo et al. 2000. American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) reduces postprandial glycemia in nondiabetic subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Arch Intern Med 160:1009-13.
    • (2000) Arch Intern Med , vol.160 , pp. 1009-1013
    • Vulksan, V.1    Sievenpiper, J.L.2    Koo, V.Y.3
  • 95
    • 0035081321 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) attenuates postprandial glycemia in a time-dependent but not dose-dependent manner in healthy individuals.
    • Vulksan, V., J. Sievenpiper, J. Wong et al. 2001. American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) attenuates postprandial glycemia in a time-dependent but not dose-dependent manner in healthy individuals. Am J Clin Nutr 73:753-8.
    • (2001) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.73 , pp. 753-758
    • Vulksan, V.1    Sievenpiper, J.2    Wong, J.3
  • 96
    • 37349037807 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Korean red ginseng (Panax ginseng) improves glucose and insulin regulation in well-controlled study of efficacy and safety.
    • Vulksan, V., M. K. Sung, J. L. Sievenpiper et al. 2008. Korean red ginseng (Panax ginseng) improves glucose and insulin regulation in well-controlled study of efficacy and safety. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 18:46-56.
    • (2008) Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis , vol.18 , pp. 46-56
    • Vulksan, V.1    Sung, M.K.2    Sievenpiper, J.L.3
  • 97
    • 57349164037 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Potential role of ginseng in the treatment of colorectal cancer
    • Wang, C. Z., and C. S. Yuan. Potential role of ginseng in the treatment of colorectal cancer. Am J Chin Med 36:1019-28.
    • Am J Chin Med , vol.36 , pp. 1019-1028
    • Wang, C.Z.1    Yuan, C.S.2
  • 98
    • 0004641064 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of ginsenoside Rg1 on learning and memory impairment induced by β-amyloid peptide (25-35) and its mechanism of action.
    • Wang, X. Y., and J. T. Zhang. 2001. Effects of ginsenoside Rg1 on learning and memory impairment induced by β-amyloid peptide (25-35) and its mechanism of action. Acta Pharm Sin 36:1-4.
    • (2001) Acta Pharm Sin , vol.36 , pp. 1-4
    • Wang, X.Y.1    Zhang, J.T.2
  • 99
    • 0026425687 scopus 로고
    • Cancer prevention: Recent progress and future opportunities
    • Weinstein, I. B. 1991. Cancer prevention: Recent progress and future opportunities. Cancer Res 51(18 Suppl.):5080s-5s.
    • (1991) Cancer Res , vol.51 , Issue.18 , pp. 5080s-5085s
    • Weinstein, I.B.1
  • 100
    • 18844468519 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anticarcinogenic effect of red ginseng on the development of liver cancer induced by diethylnitrosamine in rats
    • Wu, X. G., D. H. Zhu, and W. Li. 2001. Anticarcinogenic effect of red ginseng on the development of liver cancer induced by diethylnitrosamine in rats. J Korean Med Sci 16(Suppl.):S61-5.
    • (2001) J Korean Med Sci , vol.16 , pp. S61-S65
    • Wu, X.G.1    Zhu, D.H.2    Li, W.3
  • 102
    • 51349149844 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibitory effect of ginsenoside Rg3 on ovarian cancer.
    • Xu, T. M., M. H. Cui, M. Jiang et al. 2008. Inhibitory effect of ginsenoside Rg3 on ovarian cancer. Chin Med J 121:1394-7.
    • (2008) Chin Med J , vol.121 , pp. 1394-1397
    • Xu, T.M.1    Cui, M.H.2    Jiang, M.3
  • 103
    • 34247365969 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibitory effect of ginsenoside Rg3 combined with cyclophosphamide on growth and angiogenesis of ovarian cancer.
    • Xu, T. M., Y. Xin, M. H. Cui, X. Jiang, and L. Gu. 2007. Inhibitory effect of ginsenoside Rg3 combined with cyclophosphamide on growth and angiogenesis of ovarian cancer. Chin Med J 120:584-8.
    • (2007) Chin Med J , vol.120 , pp. 584-588
    • Xu, T.M.1    Xin, Y.2    Cui, M.H.3    Jiang, X.4    Gu, L.5
  • 104
    • 64549158006 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ginsenoside Rg3 promotes beta-amyloid peptide degradation by enhancing gene expression of neprilysin.
    • Yang, L., J. Hao, J. Zhang et al. 2009. Ginsenoside Rg3 promotes beta-amyloid peptide degradation by enhancing gene expression of neprilysin. J Pharm Pharmacol 61:375-80.
    • (2009) J Pharm Pharmacol , vol.61 , pp. 375-380
    • Yang, L.1    Hao, J.2    Zhang, J.3
  • 105
    • 54049137982 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The ginsenoside metabolite compound K, a novel agonist of glucocorticoid receptor induces tolerance to endotoxin-induced lethal shock.
    • Yang, C. S., S. R. Ko, B. G. Cho et al. 2008. The ginsenoside metabolite compound K, a novel agonist of glucocorticoid receptor induces tolerance to endotoxin-induced lethal shock. J Cell Mol Med 12:1739-53.
    • (2008) J Cell Mol Med , vol.12 , pp. 1739-1753
    • Yang, C.S.1    Ko, S.R.2    Cho, B.G.3
  • 106
    • 0242384915 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of AMP-activated protein kinase in cyclin AMP-dependent lipolysis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.
    • Yin, W., J. Mu, and M. J. Birnbaum. 2003. Role of AMP-activated protein kinase in cyclin AMP-dependent lipolysis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. J Biol Chem 278:43074-80.
    • (2003) J Biol Chem , vol.278 , pp. 43074-43080
    • Yin, W.1    Mu, J.2    Birnbaum, M.J.3
  • 107
    • 0031954961 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bioactive saponins and glycosides, XI. Structure of new dammarane-type triterpene oligoglycosides, quinquenosides II, I, IV, III, and V, from American ginseng, the roots of Panax quinquefolium L
    • Tokyo
    • Yoshikawa, M., T. Murakami, K. Yashiro et al. 1998. Bioactive saponins and glycosides, XI. Structure of new dammarane-type triterpene oligoglycosides, quinquenosides II, I, IV, III, and V, from American ginseng, the roots of Panax quinquefolium L. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 46:647-54.
    • (1998) Chem Pharm Bull , vol.46 , pp. 647-654
    • Yoshikawa, M.1    Murakami, T.2    Yashiro, K.3
  • 108
    • 0037293971 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experimental and epidemiological evidence on non-organ specific cancer preventive effect of Korean ginseng and identification of active compounds
    • Yun, T. K. 2003. Experimental and epidemiological evidence on non-organ specific cancer preventive effect of Korean ginseng and identification of active compounds. Mutat Res 523-524:63-74.
    • (2003) Mutat Res , vol.523-524 , pp. 63-74
    • Yun, T.K.1
  • 109
    • 2442521050 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anticarcinogenic effect of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer and identification of active compounds
    • Yun, T. K., Y. S. Lee, Y. H. Lee, S. I. Kim, and H. Y. Yun. 2001. Anticarcinogenic effect of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer and identification of active compounds. J Korean Med Sci 16 (Suppl.):S6-18.
    • (2001) J Korean Med Sci , vol.16 , pp. S6-S18
    • Yun, T.K.1    Lee, Y.S.2    Lee, Y.H.3    Kim, S.I.4    Yun, H.Y.5
  • 110
    • 16644380244 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wild ginseng prevents the onset of high-fat diet induced hyper glycemia and obesity in ICR mice.
    • Yun, S. N., S. J. Moon, S. K. Ko et al. 2004. Wild ginseng prevents the onset of high-fat diet induced hyper glycemia and obesity in ICR mice. Arch Pharm Res 27:790-6.
    • (2004) Arch Pharm Res , vol.27 , pp. 790-796
    • Yun, S.N.1    Moon, S.J.2    Ko, S.K.3
  • 111
    • 0021008728 scopus 로고
    • Anticarcinogenic effect of long-term oral administration of red ginseng on new mice exposed to various chemical carcinogens.
    • Yun, T. K., Y. S. Yun, and I. W. Han. 1983. Anticarcinogenic effect of long-term oral administration of red ginseng on new mice exposed to various chemical carcinogens. Cancer Detect Prev 6:515-25.
    • (1983) Cancer Detect Prev , vol.6 , pp. 515-525
    • Yun, T.K.1    Yun, Y.S.2    Han, I.W.3
  • 112
    • 0346041545 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vitro induction of differentiation by ginsenoside Rh2 in SMMC-7721 hepatocarcinoma cell line.
    • Zeng, X. I., and Z. G. Tu. 2003. In vitro induction of differentiation by ginsenoside Rh2 in SMMC-7721 hepatocarcinoma cell line. Pharmcol Toxicol 93:275-83.
    • (2003) Pharmcol Toxicol , vol.93 , pp. 275-283
    • Zeng, X.I.1    Tu, Z.G.2
  • 113
    • 33644618424 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antiangiogenic effect of low-dose cyclophosphamide combined with ginsenoside Rg3 on Lewis lung carcinoma.
    • Zhang, Q., X. Kang, and W. Zhao. 2006. Antiangiogenic effect of low-dose cyclophosphamide combined with ginsenoside Rg3 on Lewis lung carcinoma. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 342:824-8.
    • (2006) Biochem Biophys Res Commun , vol.342 , pp. 824-828
    • Zhang, Q.1    Kang, X.2    Zhao, W.3
  • 114
    • 13544256613 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors as attractive antiobesity targets.
    • Zhang, F., B. Lavan, and F. M. Greggore. 2004. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors as attractive antiobesity targets. Drug News Prespect 17:661-9.
    • (2004) Drug News Prespect , vol.17 , pp. 661-669
    • Zhang, F.1    Lavan, B.2    Greggore, F.M.3
  • 115
    • 0023704265 scopus 로고
    • Influence of ginsenoside Rb1 and Rg1 on some central neurotransmitter receptors and protein biosynthesis in mouse brain.
    • Zhang, J. T., Y. Liu, Z. W. Qu, X. L. Zhang, and H. L. Xiao. 1988. Influence of ginsenoside Rb1 and Rg1 on some central neurotransmitter receptors and protein biosynthesis in mouse brain. Acta Pharm Sin 23:12-16.
    • (1988) Acta Pharm Sin , vol.23 , pp. 12-16
    • Zhang, J.T.1    Liu, Y.2    Qu, Z.W.3    Zhang, X.L.4    Xiao, H.L.5
  • 116
    • 0037016959 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polyacetyleneginsenoside-Ro, a novel triterpene saponin from
    • Zhang, H., Z. Lu, G. T. Tan et al. 2002. Polyacetyleneginsenoside-Ro, a novel triterpene saponin from Panax ginseng. Tetrahedron Lett 43:973-7.
    • (2002) Panax ginseng. Tetrahedron Lett , vol.43 , pp. 973-977
    • Zhang, H.1    Lu, Z.2    Tan, G.T.3
  • 117
    • 0025518656 scopus 로고
    • Preliminary study on antiamnestic mechanism of ginsenoside Rg1 and Rb1.
    • Zhang, J. T., Z. W. Qu, Y. Liu, and H. L. Deng. 1990. Preliminary study on antiamnestic mechanism of ginsenoside Rg1 and Rb1. Chin Med J 103:932-8.
    • (1990) Chin Med J , vol.103 , pp. 932-938
    • Zhang, J.T.1    Qu, Z.W.2    Liu, Y.3    Deng, H.L.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.