Municipalities' understanding of the Smart City concept: An exploratory analysis in Belgium

Technological Forecasting and Social Change

Volumn 142, Issue , 2019, Pages 129-141

  Desdemoustier, Jonathan ^a   Crutzen, Nathalie ^a   Giffinger, Rudolf ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF LIÈGE   (Belgium)

^b Centre of Urban and Regional Research in the Department of Spatial Planning   (Austria)

Author keywords

Belgium; Municipalities; Smart City; Understanding

Indexed keywords

TECHNOLOGICAL FORECASTING;

ACADEMIC LITERATURE; BELGIUM; EXPLORATORY ANALYSIS; MUNICIPALITIES; RURAL MUNICIPALITIES; TECHNICAL UNDERSTANDING; TECHNOCENTRIC APPROACH; UNDERSTANDING;

SMART CITY;

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK; FUZZY MATHEMATICS; SMART CITY; SOCIAL CHANGE; TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE;

BELGIUM;

EID: 85056692520     PISSN: 00401625     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.techfore.2018.10.029     Document Type: Article

References (75)

1. Ahvenniemi, H., et al. What are the differences between sustainable and smart cities?. Cities 60 (2017), 234–245 (Available at) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2016.09.009.
2. Albino, V., Berardi, U., Dangelico, R.M., Smart cities: definitions, dimensions, performance, and initiatives. J. Urban Technol. 22:1 (2015), 3–21 Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/10630732.2014.942092.
3. Allwinkle, S., Cruickshank, P., Creating smarter cities: an overview. J. Urban Technol. 18:May 2015 (2011), 1–16.
4. Angelidou, M., Smart city policies: a spatial approach. Cities 41 (2014), S3–S11 (Available at) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2014.06.007.
5. Angelidou, M., Smart cities: a conjuncture of four forces. Cities 47 (2015), 95–106 (Available at) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2015.05.004.
6. Anthopoulos, L.G., Vakali, A., Urban planning and smart cities: interrelations and reciprocities urban planning. The Future Internet, Future Internet Assembly 2012, 7281(Future Internet Assembly 2012: From Promises to Reality), 2012, 178–189.
7. Anthopoulos, L.G., et al. Smart city research: contextual conditions, governance models, and public value assessment. Gov. Inf. Q. 55:1 (2016), 255–277.
8. Araya, D., Smart Cities as Democratic Ecologies. (Available at:), 2015, 10.1057/9781137377203.
9. Barber, B.R., If Mayors Ruled the World: Dysfunctional Nations, Rising Cities. 2013, 1–416.
10. Bătăgan, L., Smart cities and sustainability models. Rev. Inf. Econ. 15:3 (2011), 80–87 (Available at) http://revistaie.ase.ro/content/59/07-Batagan.pdf.
11. Batten, D.F., Network cities: creative urban agglomerations for the 21st century. Urban Stud. 32:2 (1995), 313–327 Available at: http://usj.sagepub.com/content/32/2/313.abstract.
12. Batty, M., et al. Smart cities of the future. Eur. Phys. J. Spec. Top. 214:1 (2012), 481–518.
13. Ben Letaifa, S., How to strategize SMART cities: revealing the SMART model. J. Bus. Res. 68:7 (2015), 1414–1419 (Available at:) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2015.01.024.
14. Bibri, S.E., Krogstie, J., Smart sustainable cities of the future: an extensive interdisciplinary literature review. Sustain. Cities Soc. 31 (2017), 183–212 (Available at) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2017.02.016.
15. Brundtland, G.H., Our common future - call for action. Environ. Conserv. 14:4 (1987), 291–294.
16. Calzada, I., Cobo, C., Unplugging: deconstructing the Smart City. J. Urban Technol. 22:1 (2015), 23–43 Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/10630732.2014.971535.
17. Caragliu, A., Del Bo, C., Nijkamp, P., Smart cities in Europe. Proceedings of the 3rd Central European Conference on Regional Science (CERS), 2009 Available online: ( http://www.cers.tuke.sk/cers2009/PDF/01_03_Nijkamp.pdf).
18. Caragliu, A., Del Bo, C., Nijkamp, P., Smart Cities in Europe. J. Urban Technol. 18:2 (2011), 65–82 Available at: http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-80051636492%7B&%7DpartnerID=tZOtx3y1.
19. Cardullo, P., Kitchin, R., Being a “citizen” in the smart city: up and down the scaffold of smart citizen participation. The Programmable City Working Paper, 2017, 1–24 (in press). Available at: https://osf.io/preprints/socarxiv/v24jn%7B%25%7D0AAbstract.
20. Chourabi, H., et al. Understanding smart cities: An integrative framework. Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 2011, 2289–2297.
21. Cohen, J., Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences. 1988, 567 Available at: http://books.google.com/books?id=Tl0N2lRAO9oC&pgis=1.
22. Colding, J., Barthel, S., An urban ecology critique on the “Smart City” model. J. Clean. Prod. 164 (2017), 95–101.
23. CPDT, Conférence Permanente du Développement Territorial, Notes de recherche n°8: "Vers un développement territorial durable". août, 2009.
24. Dameri, R., Searching for Smart City definition: a comprehensive proposal. Int. J. Comput. Technol. 11:5 (2012), 2544–2551, 10.24297/ijct.v11i5.1142.
25. Dameri, R.P., Rosenthal-Sabroux, C., Smart City how to Create Public and Economic Value with High Technology in Urban Space. 2014, Springer.
26. Deakin, M., Smart cities: the state-of-the-art and governance challenge. Theor. Chem. Accounts 1:1 (2014), 1–16.
27. Deakin, M., Al Waer, H., From intelligent to smart cities. Intell. Build. Int. 3:3 (2011), 133–139.
28. Deschouwer, K., Reuchamps, M., The Belgian federation at a crossroad. Reg. Fed. Stud. 23:3 (2013), 261–270.
29. Desdemoustier, J., Crutzen, N., Etat des Lieux sur la Dynamique “Smart City” en Belgique: Un Baromètre Quantitatif. 2017, 5.
30. Domingo, A., et al. Public open sensor data: revolutionizing smart cities. IEEE Technol. Soc. Mag. 32:4 (2013), 50–56.
31. Ewers, M.C., Migrants, markets and multinationals: competition among world cities for the highly skilled. GeoJournal 68:2–3 (2007), 119–130.
32. Giffinger, R., Haindlmaier, G., Smart Cities Ranking: an Effective Instrument for the Positioning of Cities?. 2010, 7–25.
33. Gil-Garcia, J.R., Pardo, T.A., Nam, T., What makes a city smart? Identifying core components and proposing an integrative and comprehensive conceptualization. Inf. Polity 20:1 (2015), 61–87.
34. Girard, L.F., Toward a smart sustainable development of port cities/areas: the role of the “historic urban landscape” approach. Sustainability (Switzerland) 5:10 (2013), 4329–4348.
35. Glaeser, E.L., Berry, C.R., Why are smart places getting smarter?. Policy Briefs 617 (2006), 1–4 Available at: http://www.hks.harvard.edu/var/ezp_site/storage/fckeditor/file/pdfs/centers-programs/centers/taubman/brief_divergence.pdf.
36. González, J.A.A., Rossi, A., New Trends for Smart Cities. 2011, Open Cities.
37. Gospodini, A., European cities in competition and the new “uses” of urban design. J. Urban Des. 7:1 (2002), 59–73.
38. Halleux, J.M., Brück, L., Mairy, N., La périurbanisation résidentielle en Belgique à la lumière des contextes suisse et danois: enracinement, dynamiques centrifuges et régulations collectives. Belgeo 4 (2002), 333–354.
39. Harrison, C., Donnelly, I.A., A theory of smart cities. Proceedings of the 55th Annual Meeting of the ISSS, 2011, 1–15 Available at: http://journals.isss.org/index.php/proceedings55th/article/viewFile/1703/572.
40. Hollands, R.G., Will the real smart city please stand up?. City 12:3 (2008), 303–320.
41. Hollands, R.G., Critical interventions into the corporate smart city. Camb. J. Reg. Econ. Soc. 8:1 (2015), 61–77.
42. Jose, S.G., Miralles, L., New Strategies to Improve Governance in Territorial Management: Evolving from “Smart Cities” to “Smart Territories”. 118, 2015, 3–11.
43. Katarzyna, T., Katarzyna, W.-J., Comparing research streams on Smart City and sustainable City. Chin. USA Bus. Rev., 142, 2015, 63.
44. Kitchin, R., Making sense of smart cities: addressing present shortcomings. Camb. J. Reg. Econ. Soc. 8:1 (2015), 131–136 Available at: https://doi.org/10.1093/cjres/rsu027.
45. Komninos, N., Pallot, M., Schaffers, H., Special issue on smart cities and the future internet in Europe. J. Knowl. Econ. 4:2 (2013), 119–134.
46. Kourtit, K., Nijkamp, P., Smart cities in the innovation age. Innov. Eur. J. Soc. Sci. Res. 25:2 (2012), 93–95.
47. Kramers, A., et al. Smart sustainable cities - exploring ICT solutions for reduced energy use in cities. Environ. Model. Softw. 56 (2014), 52–62.
48. Kummitha, R.K.R., Crutzen, N., How do we understand smart cities? An evolutionary perspective. Cities 67:March (2017), 43–52 (Available at:) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2017.04.010.
49. Lara, A.P., et al. Smartness that matters: towards a comprehensive and human-centred characterisation of smart cities. J. Open Innov. Technol. Mark. Complex., 2(1), 2016, 8 Available at: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40852-016-0034-z.
50. Lazaroiu, G.C., Roscia, M., Definition methodology for the smart cities model. Energy 47:1 (2012), 326–332.
51. Le Galès, P., Du gouvernement des villes à la gouvernance urbaine. Rev. Fr. Sci. Polit. 45:1 (1995), 57–95.
52. Lee, J.H., Phaal, R., Lee, S.H., An integrated service-device-technology roadmap for smart city development. Technol. Forecast. Soc. Chang. 80:2 (2013), 286–306 (Available at) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2012.09.020.
53. Leydesdorff, L., Deakin, M., The triple-helix model of smart cities: a neo-evolutionary perspective. J. Urban Technol. 18:2 (2011), 53–63.
54. Malecki, E.J., Hard and soft networks for urban competitiveness. Urban Stud. 39:5–6 (2002), 929–945.
55. Mattina, C., Le retour des villes européennes. Sociétés urbaines, mondialisation gouvernement et gouvernance. Rev. Esp. Cienc. Pol. 13 (2003), 199–202.
56. Meijer, A., Bolivar, M.P.R., Governing the smart city: a review of the literature on smart urban governance. Int. Rev. Adm. Sci. 82:2 (2015), 392–408 (p. 0020852314564308). Available at: http://ras.sagepub.com/content/early/2015/04/29/0020852314564308.abstract.
57. Monfaredzadeh, T., Krueger, R., Investigating social factors of sustainability in a Smart City. Process. Eng. 118 (2015), 1112–1118 (Available at:) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2015.08.452.
58. Mora, L., Bolici, R., Deakin, M., The first two decades of Smart-City research: a bibliometric analysis. J. Urban Technol., 2017, 1–25 (Available at:) https://doi.org/10.1080/10630732.2017.1285123.
59. Naldi, L., et al. What is smart rural development?. J. Rural. Stud. 40 (2015), 90–101.
60. Nam, T., Pardo, T., Conceptualizing smart city with dimensions of technology, people, and institutions. Proceedings of the 12th Annual International Digital Government Research Conference on Digital Government Innovation in Challenging Times - dg.o '11, 2011, 282.
61. Neirotti, P., et al. Current trends in smart city initiatives: some stylised facts. Cities 38 (2014), 25–36 (Available at:) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2013.12.010.
62. O'Grady, M., O'Hare, G., How Smart is Your City?. 2012, 9–11 Available at: http://researchrepository.ucd.ie/handle/10197/3881.
63. Paroutis, S., Bennett, M., Heracleous, L., A strategic view on smart city technology: the case of IBM smarter cities during a recession. Technol. Forecast. Soc. Chang. 89 (2013), 262–272 (Available at:) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2013.08.041.
64. Paskaleva, K.A., The smart city: a nexus for open innovation?. Intell. Build. Int. 3:3 (2011), 153–171 Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/17508975.2011.586672.
65. Pinson, G., Projets de ville et gouvernance urbaine. Pluralisation des espaces politiques et recomposition d'un capacité d'action collective dans les villes européennes, 2006 Available at: http://www.cairn.info/revue-francaise-de-science-politique-2006-4-page-619.htm.
66. Rai, A., Challa, R.K., Advanced Computing and Communication Technologies. 452, 2016, 345–358 Available at: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-1023-1.
67. Ramaswami, A., et al. Meta-principles for developing smart, sustainable, and healthy cities. Science 352:6288 (2016), 940–943.
68. Rodríguez-Bolívar, M.P., Transforming City Governments for Successful Smart Cities. 2015, 1–185.
69. Santinha, G., Anselmo de Castro, E., Creating more intelligent cities: the role of ICT in promoting territorial governance. J. Urban Technol. 17:2 (2010), 77–98, 10.1080/10630732.2010.515088.
70. Schaffers, H., et al. Integrating living labs with future internet experimental platforms for co-creating services within smart cities. 2011 17th International Conference on Concurrent Enterprising, 2011, 1–11.
71. United Nations, Declaration of the United nations conference on the human environment, Stockholm 1972. United Nations Environment Programme, UN Doc., A, 1972, 77 Available at: http://www.unep.org/Documents.Multilingual/Default.asp?DocumentID=97&ArticleID=1503.
72. United Nations, United Nations conference on environment & development Rio de Janerio, Brazil, 3 to 14 June 1992. Reproduction(June), 1992, 351 Available at: http://www.un.org/esa/sustdev/documents/agenda21/english/Agenda21.pdf.
73. Vanolo, A., Smartmentality: the Smart City as disciplinary strategy. Urban Stud. 51:5 (2014), 883–898 Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098013494427.
74. Walters, D., Smart cities, smart places, smart democracy: form-based codes, electronic governance and the role of place in making smart cities. Intell. Build. Int. 3:3 (2011), 1756–6932.
75. Washburn, D., Sindhu, U., Helping CIOs understand “Smart City” initiatives. 2009, Growth, 17 Available at: http://c3328005.r5.cf0.rackcdn.com/73efa931-0fac-4e28-ae77-8e58ebf74aa6.pdf.