메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 67, Issue , 2017, Pages 43-52

How do we understand smart cities? An evolutionary perspective

Author keywords

3RC framework; Human capital; Smart city; Technology

Indexed keywords

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK; HUMAN CAPITAL; SMART CITY; SOCIAL CHANGE; STAKEHOLDER; URBAN PLANNING;

EID: 85018724007     PISSN: 02642751     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.cities.2017.04.010     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (375)

References (82)
  • 1
    • 84939416880 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Smart cities: A conjecture of four forces
    • Angelidou, M., Smart cities: A conjecture of four forces. Cities 47:2015 (2015), 95–106.
    • (2015) Cities , vol.47 , Issue.2015 , pp. 95-106
    • Angelidou, M.1
  • 2
    • 84909032173 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gentrification in a global context: The new urban colonialism
    • Routledge London
    • Atkinson, R., Bridge, G., Gentrification in a global context: The new urban colonialism. 2005, Routledge, London.
    • (2005)
    • Atkinson, R.1    Bridge, G.2
  • 4
    • 33947393256 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conclusions and policy implications
    • I. Begg Policy Press Bristol
    • Begg, I., Conclusions and policy implications. Begg, I., (eds.) Urban competitiveness: Policies for dynamic cities, 2002, Policy Press, Bristol, 311–327.
    • (2002) Urban competitiveness: Policies for dynamic cities , pp. 311-327
    • Begg, I.1
  • 5
    • 0003954922 scopus 로고
    • Content analysis in communication research
    • The Free Press Glencoe, Illinois
    • Berelson, B., Content analysis in communication research. 1952, The Free Press, Glencoe, Illinois.
    • (1952)
    • Berelson, B.1
  • 6
    • 5444269653 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cities and geographies of “actually existed neoliberalism”
    • Brenner, N., Theodore, N., Cities and geographies of “actually existed neoliberalism”. Antipode: A Radical Journal of Geography 34:3 (2002), 349–379.
    • (2002) Antipode: A Radical Journal of Geography , vol.34 , Issue.3 , pp. 349-379
    • Brenner, N.1    Theodore, N.2
  • 7
    • 84898437809 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Implosions/explosions: Towards a study of planetary urbanisation
    • Jovis Berlin
    • Brenner, N., Implosions/explosions: Towards a study of planetary urbanisation. 2014, Jovis, Berlin.
    • (2014)
    • Brenner, N.1
  • 10
    • 79953129728 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social Exclusion
    • Open University Press Buckingham
    • Byrne, D., Social Exclusion. 1999, Open University Press, Buckingham.
    • (1999)
    • Byrne, D.1
  • 11
    • 84928704406 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Critical social innovation in the smart city era for a city-regional European horizon 2020
    • Calzada, I., Critical social innovation in the smart city era for a city-regional European horizon 2020. Journal of Public Policies & Territory P3T 2:6 (2013), 1–20.
    • (2013) Journal of Public Policies & Territory P3T , vol.2 , Issue.6 , pp. 1-20
    • Calzada, I.1
  • 12
    • 84928699354 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unplugging: Deconstructing the Smart City
    • Calzada, I., Cobo, C., Unplugging: Deconstructing the Smart City. Journal of Urban Technology 22:1 (2015), 23–43.
    • (2015) Journal of Urban Technology , vol.22 , Issue.1 , pp. 23-43
    • Calzada, I.1    Cobo, C.2
  • 15
    • 84940878946 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Smart and Digital City: A systematic literature review
    • R.P. Dameri C. Rosenthal-Sabroux Springer Switzerland
    • Cocchia, A., Smart and Digital City: A systematic literature review. Dameri, R.P., Rosenthal-Sabroux, C., (eds.) Smart City, 2014, Springer, Switzerland, 13–43.
    • (2014) Smart City , pp. 13-43
    • Cocchia, A.1
  • 16
    • 84927967830 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Smart cities: Strategic sustainable development for an urban world
    • Blekinge Institute of Technology Karlskrona, Sweden
    • Colldahl, C., Frey, S., Kelemen, J., Smart cities: Strategic sustainable development for an urban world. 2013, Blekinge Institute of Technology, Karlskrona, Sweden.
    • (2013)
    • Colldahl, C.1    Frey, S.2    Kelemen, J.3
  • 17
    • 84873344874 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How to build a sandcastle: An analysis of the genesis and development of Masdar City
    • Cugurullo, F., How to build a sandcastle: An analysis of the genesis and development of Masdar City. Journal of Urban Technology 20:1 (2013), 23–37.
    • (2013) Journal of Urban Technology , vol.20 , Issue.1 , pp. 23-37
    • Cugurullo, F.1
  • 18
    • 84975096319 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A 100 smart cities, a 100 utopias
    • Datta, A., A 100 smart cities, a 100 utopias. Dialogue in Human Geography 5:1 (2015), 49–53.
    • (2015) Dialogue in Human Geography , vol.5 , Issue.1 , pp. 49-53
    • Datta, A.1
  • 19
    • 84975097242 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New urban utopias of postcolonial India: 'Entrepreneurial urbanization' in Dholera smart city, Gujarat
    • Datta, A., New urban utopias of postcolonial India: 'Entrepreneurial urbanization' in Dholera smart city, Gujarat. Dialogue in Human Geography 5:1 (2015), 3–22.
    • (2015) Dialogue in Human Geography , vol.5 , Issue.1 , pp. 3-22
    • Datta, A.1
  • 21
    • 57149125029 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Smart communities: Becoming smart is not so much about developing technology as about engaging the body politic to reinvest governance in the digital age
    • Eger, J., Smart communities: Becoming smart is not so much about developing technology as about engaging the body politic to reinvest governance in the digital age. Urban Land 60:1 (2003), 50–55.
    • (2003) Urban Land , vol.60 , Issue.1 , pp. 50-55
    • Eger, J.1
  • 22
    • 35548930094 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • accessed on 14th November 2015. retreived from
    • Eurocities, Knowledge Society, 2007 accessed on 14th November 2015. retreived from http://www.eurocities.org/main.php.
    • (2007) Knowledge Society
    • Eurocities1
  • 23
    • 57149137050 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Smart cities more than broadband networks
    • (25 September)
    • Evans, S., Smart cities more than broadband networks. Ottawa Business Journal, 2002 (25 September).
    • (2002) Ottawa Business Journal
    • Evans, S.1
  • 24
    • 84880666861 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Grappling with smart city politics in an era of market triumphalism
    • Gibbs, D., Krueger, R., MacLeod, G., Grappling with smart city politics in an era of market triumphalism. Urban Studies 50:11 (2013), 2151–2157.
    • (2013) Urban Studies , vol.50 , Issue.11 , pp. 2151-2157
    • Gibbs, D.1    Krueger, R.2    MacLeod, G.3
  • 25
    • 80052646014 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Smart cities: Ranking of European medium sized cities
    • Center of Regional Science, Vienna University of technology Vienna, Austria
    • Giffinger, R., Fertner, C., Karmar, H., Kalasek, R., Pichler-Milanovic, N., Meijers, E., Smart cities: Ranking of European medium sized cities. 2007, Center of Regional Science, Vienna University of technology, Vienna, Austria.
    • (2007)
    • Giffinger, R.1    Fertner, C.2    Karmar, H.3    Kalasek, R.4    Pichler-Milanovic, N.5    Meijers, E.6
  • 26
    • 0003556432 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The theming of America
    • Westview Press. Boulder, CO
    • Gottdiener, M., The theming of America. 2001, Westview Press., Boulder, CO.
    • (2001)
    • Gottdiener, M.1
  • 27
    • 0036138499 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bridging urban digital divides: Urban polarisation and information and communication technologies (s)
    • Graham, S., Bridging urban digital divides: Urban polarisation and information and communication technologies (s). Urban Studies 39:1 (2002), 33–56.
    • (2002) Urban Studies , vol.39 , Issue.1 , pp. 33-56
    • Graham, S.1
  • 28
    • 0031494890 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Virtual cities, social polarisation and the crisis in urban public space
    • Graham, S., Aurigi, A., Virtual cities, social polarisation and the crisis in urban public space. Journal of Urban Technology 4 (1997), 19–52.
    • (1997) Journal of Urban Technology , vol.4 , pp. 19-52
    • Graham, S.1    Aurigi, A.2
  • 29
    • 0003855066 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Splintering urbanism: Networked infrastructures, technological Mobilities and the urban conditions
    • Routledge London
    • Graham, S., Marvin, S., Splintering urbanism: Networked infrastructures, technological Mobilities and the urban conditions. 2001, Routledge, London.
    • (2001)
    • Graham, S.1    Marvin, S.2
  • 30
    • 84975095639 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Smart ventures in Modi's urban India
    • Harris, A., Smart ventures in Modi's urban India. Dialogue in Human Geography 5:1 (2015), 23–26.
    • (2015) Dialogue in Human Geography , vol.5 , Issue.1 , pp. 23-26
    • Harris, A.1
  • 32
    • 0001871535 scopus 로고
    • From managerialism to entrepreneurialism: The transformnation in urban governance in late capitalism
    • Harvey, D., From managerialism to entrepreneurialism: The transformnation in urban governance in late capitalism. Geografiska Annale 71B:1 (1989), 3–17.
    • (1989) Geografiska Annale , vol.71B , Issue.1 , pp. 3-17
    • Harvey, D.1
  • 33
    • 77954993670 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Empires of speed: Time and the accelerator of politics and society
    • BRILL Leiden
    • Hassan, R., Empires of speed: Time and the accelerator of politics and society. 2009, BRILL, Leiden.
    • (2009)
    • Hassan, R.1
  • 34
    • 85018740683 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fastest-50 list includes only three Ottawa firms
    • (26 September)
    • Helgason, W., Fastest-50 list includes only three Ottawa firms. Ottawa Citizen, 2002 (26 September).
    • (2002) Ottawa Citizen
    • Helgason, W.1
  • 35
    • 85014497426 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the smart city; or, a ‘manifesto’ for smart citizens instead, City of Sound, February
    • Retrieved from on 19th November 2014
    • Hill, D., On the smart city; or, a ‘manifesto’ for smart citizens instead, City of Sound, February. Retrieved from http://www.cityofsound.com/blog/2013/02/on-the-smart-city-a-call-for-smart-citizens-instead.html, 2013 on 19th November 2014.
    • (2013)
    • Hill, D.1
  • 36
    • 83355172749 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Asian urbanisms and the privatization of cities
    • Hogan, T., Bunnell, T., Pow, C.P., Asian urbanisms and the privatization of cities. Cities 29:1 (2012), 29–63.
    • (2012) Cities , vol.29 , Issue.1 , pp. 29-63
    • Hogan, T.1    Bunnell, T.2    Pow, C.P.3
  • 39
    • 84936822824 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Smart cities for dummies
    • Retrived from on 17th July 2015
    • Hoornweg, D., Smart cities for dummies. blog.worldbank.org, 2011 Retrived from http://blogs.worldbank.org/sustainablecities/smart-cities-for-dummies on 17th July 2015.
    • (2011)
    • Hoornweg, D.1
  • 40
    • 0004146706 scopus 로고
    • The economy of cities
    • Random House New York
    • Jacobs, J., The economy of cities. 1970, Random House, New York.
    • (1970)
    • Jacobs, J.1
  • 41
    • 84975095871 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Utopian urbanism and representational city-ness: On the Dholera before Dholera smart city
    • Jazeel, T., Utopian urbanism and representational city-ness: On the Dholera before Dholera smart city. Dialogue in Human Geography 5:1 (2015), 27–30.
    • (2015) Dialogue in Human Geography , vol.5 , Issue.1 , pp. 27-30
    • Jazeel, T.1
  • 42
    • 79954503677 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The infrastructural limits to growth: Rethinking the urban growth machine in times of fiscal crisis
    • Kirkpatrick, L.O., Smith, M.P., The infrastructural limits to growth: Rethinking the urban growth machine in times of fiscal crisis. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research. 35 (2011), 477–503.
    • (2011) International Journal of Urban and Regional Research. , vol.35 , pp. 477-503
    • Kirkpatrick, L.O.1    Smith, M.P.2
  • 43
    • 0942284370 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intelligent cities: Innovation, knowledge systems and digital spaces
    • E&FN Spon London
    • Komninos, N., Intelligent cities: Innovation, knowledge systems and digital spaces. 2002, E&FN Spon, London.
    • (2002)
    • Komninos, N.1
  • 44
    • 85000937681 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Open innovation towards smarter cities
    • European Commission Luxemburg
    • Komninos, N., Pallot, M., Schaffers, H., Open innovation towards smarter cities. Open innovation, 2013, European Commission, Luxemburg, 34–41.
    • (2013) Open innovation , pp. 34-41
    • Komninos, N.1    Pallot, M.2    Schaffers, H.3
  • 46
    • 0004040339 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Content analysis: An introduction to its methodology
    • Sage Thousand Oaks
    • Krippendorff, K., Content analysis: An introduction to its methodology. 2012, Sage, Thousand Oaks.
    • (2012)
    • Krippendorff, K.1
  • 47
    • 84938068326 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social exclusion: The European concept for Indian social reality
    • Kummitha, R.K.R., Social exclusion: The European concept for Indian social reality. Social Change 45:1 (2015), 1–23.
    • (2015) Social Change , vol.45 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-23
    • Kummitha, R.K.R.1
  • 48
    • 85018061106 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social entrepreneurship: Working towards greater inclusiveness
    • Sage London
    • Kummitha, R.K.R., Social entrepreneurship: Working towards greater inclusiveness. 2016, Sage, London.
    • (2016)
    • Kummitha, R.K.R.1
  • 49
    • 85018749077 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social entrepreneurship and social inclusion: Processes, practices and prospects
    • Palgrave Macmillan London
    • Kummitha, R.K.R., Social entrepreneurship and social inclusion: Processes, practices and prospects. 2017, Palgrave Macmillan, London.
    • (2017)
    • Kummitha, R.K.R.1
  • 50
    • 84938064550 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dynamic curriculum development on social entrepreneurship- a case study of TISS
    • Kummitha, R.K.R., Majumdar, S., Dynamic curriculum development on social entrepreneurship- a case study of TISS. The International Journal of Management Education 13:3 (2015), 260–267.
    • (2015) The International Journal of Management Education , vol.13 , Issue.3 , pp. 260-267
    • Kummitha, R.K.R.1    Majumdar, S.2
  • 51
    • 84927965513 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How to strategize smart cities: Revealing the SMART model
    • Letaifa, S.B., How to strategize smart cities: Revealing the SMART model. Journal of Business Research 68:7 (2015), 1414–1419.
    • (2015) Journal of Business Research , vol.68 , Issue.7 , pp. 1414-1419
    • Letaifa, S.B.1
  • 52
    • 80051606837 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The triple-helix model of smart cities: A neo-evolutionary perspective
    • Leydesdorff, L., Deakin, M., The triple-helix model of smart cities: A neo-evolutionary perspective. Journal of Urban Technology 18 (2011), 3–63.
    • (2011) Journal of Urban Technology , vol.18 , pp. 3-63
    • Leydesdorff, L.1    Deakin, M.2
  • 54
    • 85018725586 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Research in information Studies: A cultural and social approach
    • Xlibris Indiana
    • Lukenbill, B.W., Research in information Studies: A cultural and social approach. 2012, Xlibris, Indiana.
    • (2012)
    • Lukenbill, B.W.1
  • 55
    • 84938485917 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Developing a critical understanding of smart urbanism
    • Luque-Ayala, A., Marvin, S., Developing a critical understanding of smart urbanism. Urban Studies 52:12 (2015), 2105–2116.
    • (2015) Urban Studies , vol.52 , Issue.12 , pp. 2105-2116
    • Luque-Ayala, A.1    Marvin, S.2
  • 56
    • 84973345825 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Governing the smart city: A review of the literature on smart urban governance
    • Maijer, A., Bolivar, M.P.R., Governing the smart city: A review of the literature on smart urban governance. International Review of Administrative Sciences 82:2 (2016), 392–408.
    • (2016) International Review of Administrative Sciences , vol.82 , Issue.2 , pp. 392-408
    • Maijer, A.1    Bolivar, M.P.R.2
  • 57
    • 84881252029 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Digital disconnect: How capitalism is turing the internet against democracy
    • The New Press New York
    • McChesney, R.W., Digital disconnect: How capitalism is turing the internet against democracy. 2013, The New Press, New York.
    • (2013)
    • McChesney, R.W.1
  • 58
    • 0003738597 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The captive state
    • Macmillan London
    • Monbiot, G., The captive state. 2000, Macmillan, London.
    • (2000)
    • Monbiot, G.1
  • 59
    • 84926198534 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New cities: Old wine in new bottles?
    • Moser, S., New cities: Old wine in new bottles?. Dialogue in Human Geography 5:1 (2015), 31–35.
    • (2015) Dialogue in Human Geography , vol.5 , Issue.1 , pp. 31-35
    • Moser, S.1
  • 60
    • 84901599558 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sociable smart cities: Rethinking our future through co-creative partnerships
    • N. Streitz P. Markopoulos Springer Heidelberg
    • Mudler, I., Sociable smart cities: Rethinking our future through co-creative partnerships. Streitz, N., Markopoulos, P., (eds.) Distributed, ambient, and pervaisive interactions, 2014, Springer, Heidelberg, 566–574.
    • (2014) Distributed, ambient, and pervaisive interactions , pp. 566-574
    • Mudler, I.1
  • 61
    • 84881425168 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Smart cities: intelligent informatoin and communications technology infrastructure in the government, building, transport and utility domains
    • Retrieved from on 23 November 2015
    • Navigant Research, Smart cities: intelligent informatoin and communications technology infrastructure in the government, building, transport and utility domains. Retrieved from http://www.navigantresearch.com/research/smart-cities, 2011 on 23 November 2015.
    • (2011)
    • Navigant Research1
  • 62
    • 84892634029 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Current trends in smart city initiatives: Some stylised facts
    • Neirotti, P., Marco, A.D., Cagliano, A.C., Mangano, G., Scorrano, F., Current trends in smart city initiatives: Some stylised facts. Cities 33 (2014), 25–36.
    • (2014) Cities , vol.33 , pp. 25-36
    • Neirotti, P.1    Marco, A.D.2    Cagliano, A.C.3    Mangano, G.4    Scorrano, F.5
  • 63
    • 84934453961 scopus 로고
    • The duality of technology: Rethinking the concept of technology in organisations
    • Orlikowski, W.J., The duality of technology: Rethinking the concept of technology in organisations. Organization Science 3:3 (1992), 398–427.
    • (1992) Organization Science , vol.3 , Issue.3 , pp. 398-427
    • Orlikowski, W.J.1
  • 64
    • 0034416232 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using technology and constituting structures: A practical lens for studying technology in organisations
    • Orlikowski, W.J., Using technology and constituting structures: A practical lens for studying technology in organisations. Organisation Science 11:4 (2000), 404–428.
    • (2000) Organisation Science , vol.11 , Issue.4 , pp. 404-428
    • Orlikowski, W.J.1
  • 66
    • 84874303098 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Austerity urbanism
    • Peck, J., Austerity urbanism. City 16:6 (2012), 626–655.
    • (2012) City , vol.16 , Issue.6 , pp. 626-655
    • Peck, J.1
  • 67
    • 84971384442 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Explaining (with) neoliberalism
    • Peck, J., Explaining (with) neoliberalism. Territory, Politics, Governance 1:2 (2013), 132–157.
    • (2013) Territory, Politics, Governance , vol.1 , Issue.2 , pp. 132-157
    • Peck, J.1
  • 68
    • 0033794141 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Manchester first: From municipal socialism to the entrepreneurial city
    • Quilley, S., Manchester first: From municipal socialism to the entrepreneurial city. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 24:3 (2000), 601–615.
    • (2000) International Journal of Urban and Regional Research , vol.24 , Issue.3 , pp. 601-615
    • Quilley, S.1
  • 70
    • 85018734530 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (eds.) (2008). Entrepreneurial skills and their role in enhancing the relative independence of farmers, Retrieved from on 24th March 2016.
    • Rudmann, C., (eds.) (2008). Entrepreneurial skills and their role in enhancing the relative independence of farmers, Retrieved from https://shop.fibl.org/fileadmin/documents/shop/1522-entrepreneurial-skills.pdf on 24th March 2016.
    • Rudmann, C.1
  • 72
    • 84894309953 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mission control, build for cities: IBM takes 'Smarter Cities' concept to Rio de Janeiro
    • Retrieved from on 9th November 2015
    • Singer, N., Mission control, build for cities: IBM takes 'Smarter Cities' concept to Rio de Janeiro. New York Times, 2012 Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/2012/03/04/business/ibm-takes-smarter-cities-concept-to-rio-de-janeiro.html on 9th November 2015.
    • (2012) New York Times
    • Singer, N.1
  • 73
    • 85018756225 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • African smart cities strategies for agenda 2063
    • Slavova, M., Okwechime, E., African smart cities strategies for agenda 2063. African Journal of Management 2:2 (2016), 210–229.
    • (2016) African Journal of Management , vol.2 , Issue.2 , pp. 210-229
    • Slavova, M.1    Okwechime, E.2
  • 74
    • 84855364197 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The smart city vision: How innovation and ICT can build smart, “livable”, sustainable cities
    • The Innovation Knowledge Foundation, Think! Report 005/2010
    • Toppeta, D., The smart city vision: How innovation and ICT can build smart, “livable”, sustainable cities. 2010, The Innovation Knowledge Foundation, Think! Report 005/2010.
    • (2010)
    • Toppeta, D.1
  • 75
    • 85018777953 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • India's smart city programme: The UK offer to build together
    • Retrieved from on 18th August 2016
    • UKTI, India's smart city programme: The UK offer to build together. Retrieved from https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/460151/UKTI_-_The_UK_offer_to_build_together__1_.pdf, 2015 on 18th August 2016.
    • (2015)
    • UKTI1
  • 77
    • 85018723493 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (2010). Helping CIOs understand “Smart city” initiatives: Defining the smart city, its drivers, and the role of the CIO, Retrieved from, ?AWSAccessKeyId = AKIAJ56TQJRTWSMTNPEA&Expires = 1481235542&Signature = TAwPJOcsVMr%2FNd6Zoakhe%2BHzdQQ%3D&response-content-disposition = inline%3B%20filename%3DHelping_CIOs_Understand_Smart_City_Initi.pdf on 7th April, 2013.
    • Washburn, D., Sindhu, U., Balaouras, S., Dines, R.A., Hayes, N.M., and Nelson, L.E., (2010). Helping CIOs understand “Smart city” initiatives: Defining the smart city, its drivers, and the role of the CIO, Retrieved from http://s3.amazonaws.com/academia.edu.documents/26074613/73efa931-0fac-4e28-ae77-8e58ebf74aa6.pdf?AWSAccessKeyId = AKIAJ56TQJRTWSMTNPEA&Expires = 1481235542&Signature = TAwPJOcsVMr%2FNd6Zoakhe%2BHzdQQ%3D&response-content-disposition = inline%3B%20filename%3DHelping_CIOs_Understand_Smart_City_Initi.pdf on 7th April, 2013.
    • Washburn, D.1    Sindhu, U.2    Balaouras, S.3    Dines, R.A.4    Hayes, N.M.5    Nelson, L.E.6
  • 78
    • 84899619611 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • African urban fantasies: Dreams or nightmares?
    • Watson, V., African urban fantasies: Dreams or nightmares?. Environment and Urbanisation 26:1 (2013), 215–231.
    • (2013) Environment and Urbanisation , vol.26 , Issue.1 , pp. 215-231
    • Watson, V.1
  • 79
    • 24644435315 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extracting value from the city: Neoliberalism and urban redevelopment
    • Weber, R., Extracting value from the city: Neoliberalism and urban redevelopment. Antipode: A Radical Journal of Geography 34:3 (2002), 519–540.
    • (2002) Antipode: A Radical Journal of Geography , vol.34 , Issue.3 , pp. 519-540
    • Weber, R.1
  • 80
    • 2942656009 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biopolis: Patrick geddes and the city of life
    • MIT Press Cambridge, MA
    • Welter, V.W., Biopolis: Patrick geddes and the city of life. 2003, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.
    • (2003)
    • Welter, V.W.1
  • 81
    • 18744373866 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toward a contingent urban neoliberalism
    • Wilson, D., Toward a contingent urban neoliberalism. Urban Geography 25:8 (2013), 771–783.
    • (2013) Urban Geography , vol.25 , Issue.8 , pp. 771-783
    • Wilson, D.1
  • 82
    • 84901356385 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Deconstructing smart cities: An intertextual reading of concepts and practices for integrated urban and ICT development
    • REAL CORP May 2012
    • Wolfram, M., Deconstructing smart cities: An intertextual reading of concepts and practices for integrated urban and ICT development. 2012, REAL CORP, 14–16 May 2012.
    • (2012) , pp. 14-16
    • Wolfram, M.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.