메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 22, Issue 1, 2015, Pages 23-43

Unplugging: Deconstructing the smart city

Author keywords

digital social divide; hyper connected societies; smart city; social innovation; unplugging

Indexed keywords

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK; INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY; SOCIAL NETWORK; URBAN GEOGRAPHY; URBAN SOCIETY;

EID: 84928699354     PISSN: 10630732     EISSN: 14661853     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/10630732.2014.971535     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (196)

References (116)
  • 3
    • 80051642751 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Creating Smart-er Cities: An Overview
    • S. Allwinkle and P. Cruickshank, “Creating Smart-er Cities: An Overview,” Journal of Urban Technology 18: 2 (2011) 1–16. doi: 10.1080/10630732.2011.601103
    • (2011) Journal of Urban Technology , vol.18 , Issue.2 , pp. 1-16
    • Allwinkle, S.1    Cruickshank, P.2
  • 5
    • 3142535171 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A City's Metabolism: Towards the Sustainable Development of Urban Systems
    • P. Baccini, “A City's Metabolism: Towards the Sustainable Development of Urban Systems,” Journal of Urban Technology 4: 2 (1997) 27–39. doi: 10.1080/10630739708724555
    • (1997) Journal of Urban Technology , vol.4 , Issue.2 , pp. 27-39
    • Baccini, P.1
  • 7
    • 84859789675 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Free Irresponsible Press: Wikileaks and the Battle over the Soul of the Networked Fourth Estate,"
    • Y. Benkler, “Free Irresponsible Press: Wikileaks and the Battle over the Soul of the Networked Fourth Estate," Harvard Civil Rights-Civil Liberties Law Review 46 (2011) 311–397.
    • (2011) Harvard Civil Rights-Civil Liberties Law Review , vol.46 , pp. 311-397
    • Benkler, Y.1
  • 8
    • 84961736398 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Danah Boyd, Apophenia: Making Connections Where None Previously Existed (December 8, 2013) <> Accessed December 12, 2014
    • D. Boyd, “How ‘Context Collapse' Was Coined: My Recollection” Danah Boyd, Apophenia: Making Connections Where None Previously Existed (December 8, 2013) Accessed December 12, 2014.
    • How ‘Context Collapse' Was Coined: My Recollection
    • Boyd, D.1
  • 11
    • 84928695812 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • “72% of Online Adults are Social Networking Site Users,” The Pew Research Center's Internet & American Life Project (2013)
    • J. Brenner and A. Smith, “72% of Online Adults are Social Networking Site Users,” The Pew Research Center's Internet & American Life Project (2013)
    • Brenner, J.1    Smith, A.2
  • 14
    • 84928704406 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Critical Social Innovation in the Smart City era for a City-Regional European Horizon 2020
    • I. Calzada, “Critical Social Innovation in the Smart City era for a City-Regional European Horizon 2020,” Journal of Public Policies & Territory P3T 2: 6 (2013) 1–20.
    • (2013) Journal of Public Policies & Territory P3T , vol.2 , Issue.6 , pp. 1-20
    • Calzada, I.1
  • 15
    • 84928702445 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • TORCH, The Oxford Research Centre in Humanities at the University of Oxford (UK) (June 20, 2014) <> and <> Accessed December 12, 2014
    • I. Calzada and C. Cobo, “Unplugging: Beyond Hyper-Connected Societies,” TORCH, The Oxford Research Centre in Humanities at the University of Oxford (UK) (June 20, 2014) and Accessed December 12, 2014.
    • Unplugging: Beyond Hyper-Connected Societies
    • Calzada, I.1    Cobo, C.2
  • 18
    • 0033361035 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Grassrooting the Space of Flows
    • M. Castells, “Grassrooting the Space of Flows,” Urban Geography 20: 4 (1999) 294–302. doi: 10.2747/0272-3638.20.4.294
    • (1999) Urban Geography , vol.20 , Issue.4 , pp. 294-302
    • Castells, M.1
  • 20
    • 84928698829 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • “DEBATES // In Common. Education. Zygmunt Bauman (VO En Trad. Ca),” <> Accessed August 6, 2013
    • Centre de Cultura Contemporània de Barcelona (CCCB), “DEBATES // In Common. Education. Zygmunt Bauman (VO En Trad. Ca),” Accessed August 6, 2013.
  • 21
    • 84864052538 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Internet Access is not a Human Right
    • V. Cerf, “Internet Access is not a Human Right.” New York Times 4 (2012): 25–26.
    • (2012) New York Times , vol.4 , pp. 25-26
    • Cerf, V.1
  • 22
    • 84857957415 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • “Understanding Smart Cities: An Integrative Framework,” in Proceedings of the 2012 45th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (2289–2297). (Washington, DC: IEEE Computer Society, 2012
    • H. Chourabi, T. Nam, S. Walker, J.R. Gil-García, S. Mellouli, K. Nahon, T.A. Pardo, and H.J. Scholl, “Understanding Smart Cities: An Integrative Framework,” in Proceedings of the 2012 45th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (2289–2297). (Washington, DC: IEEE Computer Society, 2012).
    • Chourabi, H.1    Nam, T.2    Walker, S.3    Gil-García, J.R.4    Mellouli, S.5    Nahon, K.6    Pardo, T.A.7    Scholl, H.J.8
  • 23
    • 84928698194 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Transparency President? The Obama Administration and Open Government (SSRN Scholarly Paper No. ID 1433815) (Rochester, NY: Social Science Research Network, 2009
    • C. Coglianese, The Transparency President? The Obama Administration and Open Government (SSRN Scholarly Paper No. ID 1433815) (Rochester, NY: Social Science Research Network, 2009).
    • Coglianese, C.1
  • 24
    • 84928694415 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Why Exactly Is A Smart City?
    • (September 19, 2012) <> Accessed December 12, 2014
    • B. Cohen, “Why Exactly Is A Smart City?” Fast Company (September 19, 2012) Accessed December 12, 2014.
    • Fast Company
    • Cohen, B.1
  • 25
    • 84873344874 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How to Build a Sandcastle: An Analysis of the Genesis and Development of Masdar City
    • F. Cugurullo, “How to Build a Sandcastle: An Analysis of the Genesis and Development of Masdar City,” Journal of Urban Technology 20: 1 (2013) 23–37. doi: 10.1080/10630732.2012.735105
    • (2013) Journal of Urban Technology , vol.20 , Issue.1 , pp. 23-37
    • Cugurullo, F.1
  • 26
    • 84868682089 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Emerging Neocommunitarianism
    • W. Davies, “The Emerging Neocommunitarianism,” The Political Quarterly 83: 4 (2012) 767–776. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-923X.2012.02354.x
    • (2012) The Political Quarterly , vol.83 , Issue.4 , pp. 767-776
    • Davies, W.1
  • 27
    • 84928702623 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Context Collapse: A Literature Review
    • (January 10, 2013) <> Accessed December 12, 2014
    • J. Davis, “Context Collapse: A Literature Review,” Cyborgology (January 10, 2013) Accessed December 12, 2014.
    • Cyborgology
    • Davis, J.1
  • 28
    • 0004095690 scopus 로고
    • Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press
    • J. Derridá, Limited Inc (Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press, 1977).
    • (1977) Limited Inc
    • Derridá, J.1
  • 31
    • 0003301147 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Internet Self-Efficacy and the Psychology of the Digital Divide
    • M.S. Eastin and R. LaRose, “Internet Self-Efficacy and the Psychology of the Digital Divide,” Journal of Computer-Mediated Communition 6:1 (2000).
    • (2000) Journal of Computer-Mediated Communition , vol.6 , Issue.1
    • Eastin, M.S.1    LaRose, R.2
  • 32
    • 0033888206 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Problem of Information Overload in Business Organisations: A Review of the Literature,"
    • A. Edmunds and A. Morris, “The Problem of Information Overload in Business Organisations: A Review of the Literature," International Journal of Information Management 20: 1 (2000) 17–28. doi: 10.1016/S0268-4012(99)00051-1
    • (2000) International Journal of Information Management , vol.20 , Issue.1 , pp. 17-28
    • Edmunds, A.1    Morris, A.2
  • 33
    • 7544235257 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Concept of Information Overload: A Review of Literature from Organization Science, Accounting, Marketing, MIS, and Related Disciplines
    • M.J. Eppler and J. Mengis, “The Concept of Information Overload: A Review of Literature from Organization Science, Accounting, Marketing, MIS, and Related Disciplines,” The Information Society 20: 5 (2004) 325–344. doi: 10.1080/01972240490507974
    • (2004) The Information Society , vol.20 , Issue.5 , pp. 325-344
    • Eppler, M.J.1    Mengis, J.2
  • 34
    • 84928702615 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • “Smart Cities More than Broadband Networks,” Ottawa Business Journal 29 April (2002
    • S. Evans, “Smart Cities More than Broadband Networks,” Ottawa Business Journal 29 April (2002).
    • Evans, S.1
  • 39
    • 84894329432 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (The City is Here for You to Use), New York: Do Projects
    • A. Greenfield, Against the Smart City (The City is Here for You to Use) (New York: Do Projects, 2013).
    • (2013) Against the Smart City
    • Greenfield, A.1
  • 40
    • 84928705873 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Urban Age Electric City: Adam Greenfield - Use and Misuse of Smart Technology in Cities
    • (January 10, 2013) <> Accessed December 12, 2014
    • A. Greenfield, “Urban Age Electric City: Adam Greenfield - Use and Misuse of Smart Technology in Cities,” LSE Urban Age Electric City (January 10, 2013) Accessed December 12, 2014.
    • LSE Urban Age Electric City
    • Greenfield, A.1
  • 41
    • 84890792138 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social Innovation, an Answer to Contemporary Societal Challenges? Locating the Concept in Theory and Practice
    • R. Grimm, C. Fox, S. Baines, and K. Albertson, “Social Innovation, an Answer to Contemporary Societal Challenges? Locating the Concept in Theory and Practice,” Innovation: The European Journal of Social Science Research 26: 4 (2013) 436–455.
    • (2013) Innovation: The European Journal of Social Science Research , vol.26 , Issue.4 , pp. 436-455
    • Grimm, R.1    Fox, C.2    Baines, S.3    Albertson, K.4
  • 42
    • 0012909578 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Second-level Digital Divide: Differences in People's Online Skills
    • E. Hargittai, “The Second-level Digital Divide: Differences in People's Online Skills,” First Monday: Peer-Reviewed Journal on the Internet 7:4 (2002). doi: 10.5210/fm.v7i4.942
    • (2002) First Monday: Peer-Reviewed Journal on the Internet , vol.7 , Issue.4
    • Hargittai, E.1
  • 43
    • 0004202335 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Berkeley: University of California Press
    • D. Harvey, Spaces of Hope (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2000).
    • (2000) Spaces of Hope
    • Harvey, D.1
  • 44
    • 57349113065 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Right to the City
    • D. Harvey, “The Right to the City,” New Left Review 53 (2008) 23–40.
    • (2008) New Left Review , vol.53 , pp. 23-40
    • Harvey, D.1
  • 47
    • 79959508615 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • London: Routledge
    • A. Herod, Scale (London: Routledge, 2011).
    • (2011) Scale
    • Herod, A.1
  • 48
    • 79953281019 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The World's Technological Capacity to Store, Communicate, and Compute Information
    • M. Hilbert and P. López, “The World's Technological Capacity to Store, Communicate, and Compute Information,” Science 332:6025 (2011) 60–65. doi: 10.1126/science.1200970
    • (2011) Science , vol.332 , Issue.6025 , pp. 60-65
    • Hilbert, M.1    López, P.2
  • 49
    • 0022098334 scopus 로고
    • Structuring Computer-Mediated Communication Systems to Avoid Information Overload
    • S.R. Hiltz and M. Turoff, “Structuring Computer-Mediated Communication Systems to Avoid Information Overload,” Communications of the ACM 28: 7 (1985) 680–689. doi: 10.1145/3894.3895
    • (1985) Communications of the ACM , vol.28 , Issue.7 , pp. 680-689
    • Hiltz, S.R.1    Turoff, M.2
  • 50
    • 57149143198 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Will the Real Smart City Please Stand Up?: Intelligent, Progressive, or Entrepreneurial?
    • R.G. Hollands, “Will the Real Smart City Please Stand Up?: Intelligent, Progressive, or Entrepreneurial?,” City: Analysis of Urban Trends, Culture, Theory, Policy, Action 12: 3 (2008) 303–320. doi: 10.1080/13604810802479126
    • (2008) City: Analysis of Urban Trends, Culture, Theory, Policy, Action , vol.12 , Issue.3 , pp. 303-320
    • Hollands, R.G.1
  • 51
    • 84928699937 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fast Company (June 21, 2013) <> Accessed December 12, 2014
    • F. Hoque, “#Unplug: Not What You Think It Is,” Fast Company (June 21, 2013) Accessed December 12, 2014.
    • #Unplug: Not What You Think It Is
    • Hoque, F.1
  • 55
    • 84881004747 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fourth Edition), University of Southern California
    • Internet Project, World Internet Project International Report (Fourth Edition) (University of Southern California, 2012).
    • (2012) World Internet Project International Report
  • 57
    • 75349101087 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Net Generation or Digital Natives: Is there a Distinct New Generation Entering University?
    • C. Jones, R. Ramanau, S. Cross, and G. Healing, “Net Generation or Digital Natives: Is there a Distinct New Generation Entering University?,” Computers & Education 54: 3 (2010) 722–732. doi: 10.1016/j.compedu.2009.09.022
    • (2010) Computers & Education , vol.54 , Issue.3 , pp. 722-732
    • Jones, C.1    Ramanau, R.2    Cross, S.3    Healing, G.4
  • 58
    • 84928705027 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Masdar: The Shifting Goalposts of Abu Dhabi's Ambitious Eco-City
    • (December 17, 2014) <> Accessed December 12, 2014
    • P. Kingsley, “Masdar: The Shifting Goalposts of Abu Dhabi's Ambitious Eco-City,” Wired (December 17, 2014) Accessed December 12, 2014.
    • Wired
    • Kingsley, P.1
  • 59
    • 84894317469 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Real-Time City? Big Data and Smart Urbanism
    • R. Kitchin, “The Real-Time City? Big Data and Smart Urbanism,” GeoJournal 79: 1 (2014) 1–14. doi: 10.1007/s10708-013-9516-8
    • (2014) GeoJournal , vol.79 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-14
    • Kitchin, R.1
  • 66
    • 84928701125 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microsoft (January 26, 2015) <> Accessed December 12, 2014
    • Microsoft, CityNext, Microsoft (January 26, 2015) Accessed December 12, 2014.
    • CityNext
  • 70
    • 84928703887 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Rise of Metropolitics: Urban Governance in the Age of the City-Region
    • Bradford N., Bramwell A., (eds), Toronto: University of Toronto Press
    • K. Morgan, “The Rise of Metropolitics: Urban Governance in the Age of the City-Region,” in N. Bradford and A. Bramwell, eds., Governing Urban Economies: Innovation and Inclusion in Canadian City-Regions (pp. 297–318) (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2013).
    • (2013) Governing Urban Economies: Innovation and Inclusion in Canadian City-Regions , pp. 297-318
    • Morgan, K.1
  • 75
    • 57149110129 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Integrated Area Development and Social Innovation in European Cities. A Cultural Focus
    • F. Moulaert and J. Nussbaumer, “Integrated Area Development and Social Innovation in European Cities. A Cultural Focus,” City 8: 2 (2004) 249–257. doi: 10.1080/1360481042000242175
    • (2004) City , vol.8 , Issue.2 , pp. 249-257
    • Moulaert, F.1    Nussbaumer, J.2
  • 77
    • 84928703718 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • RSA Royal Society for the Encouragement of Arts, Manufactures and Commerce (May 15, 2013) <> Accessed December 12, 2014
    • G. Mulgan, “The Locust And The Bee,” RSA Royal Society for the Encouragement of Arts, Manufactures and Commerce (May 15, 2013) Accessed December 12, 2014.
    • The Locust And The Bee
    • Mulgan, G.1
  • 80
    • 84971384442 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Explaining (with) Neoliberalism
    • J. Peck, “Explaining (with) Neoliberalism,” Territory, Politics, Governance 1: 2 (2013) 132–157. doi: 10.1080/21622671.2013.785365
    • (2013) Territory, Politics, Governance , vol.1 , Issue.2 , pp. 132-157
    • Peck, J.1
  • 81
    • 84957062107 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Young People Are Not as Digitally Native as You Think
    • (October 7, 2013) <> Accessed December 12, 2014
    • E. Pfanner, “Young People Are Not as Digitally Native as You Think,” The New York Times (October 7, 2013) Accessed December 12, 2014.
    • The New York Times
    • Pfanner, E.1
  • 82
    • 84972633924 scopus 로고
    • The Social Construction of Facts and Artefacts: Or How the Sociology of Science and the Sociology of Technology Might Benefit Each Other
    • T.J. Pinch and W.E. Bijker, “The Social Construction of Facts and Artefacts: Or How the Sociology of Science and the Sociology of Technology Might Benefit Each Other,” Social Studies of Science 14: 3 (1984) 399–441. doi: 10.1177/030631284014003004
    • (1984) Social Studies of Science , vol.14 , Issue.3 , pp. 399-441
    • Pinch, T.J.1    Bijker, W.E.2
  • 83
    • 79954573831 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of Social Network Sites and Instant Messaging Does Not Lead to Increased Offline Social Network Size, or to Emotionally Closer Relationships with Offline Network Members
    • T.V. Pollet, S.G.B. Roberts, and R.I.M. Dunbar, “Use of Social Network Sites and Instant Messaging Does Not Lead to Increased Offline Social Network Size, or to Emotionally Closer Relationships with Offline Network Members,” Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking 14: 4 (2011) 253–258. doi: 10.1089/cyber.2010.0161
    • (2011) Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking , vol.14 , Issue.4 , pp. 253-258
    • Pollet, T.V.1    Roberts, S.G.B.2    Dunbar, R.I.M.3
  • 84
    • 84993110618 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Digital Natives, Digital Immigrants Part 1
    • M. Prensky, “Digital Natives, Digital Immigrants Part 1,” On the Horizon 9: 5 (2001) 1–6. doi: 10.1108/10748120110424816
    • (2001) On the Horizon , vol.9 , Issue.5 , pp. 1-6
    • Prensky, M.1
  • 85
    • 84859814095 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Socio-Technical Systems, Public Spaces and Urban Fragmentation: The Cases of Cybercafés in China
    • G. Puel and V. Fernandez, “Socio-Technical Systems, Public Spaces and Urban Fragmentation: The Cases of Cybercafés in China,” Urban Studies 49: 6 (2012) 1297–1313. doi: 10.1177/0042098011410333
    • (2012) Urban Studies , vol.49 , Issue.6 , pp. 1297-1313
    • Puel, G.1    Fernandez, V.2
  • 88
    • 84928706447 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • “Forget Flying Cars – Smart Cities Just Need Smart Citizens” (2014). ArchDaily. <> Accessed 19 Jul 2014
    • C. Ratti, “Forget Flying Cars – Smart Cities Just Need Smart Citizens” (2014). ArchDaily. Accessed 19 Jul 2014.
    • Ratti, C.1
  • 91
    • 61049254841 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pocket Technospaces: the Bodily Incorporation of Mobile Media
    • I. Richardson, “Pocket Technospaces: the Bodily Incorporation of Mobile Media,” Continuum: Journal of Media & Cultural Studies 21: 2 (2007) 205–215. doi: 10.1080/10304310701269057
    • (2007) Continuum: Journal of Media & Cultural Studies , vol.21 , Issue.2 , pp. 205-215
    • Richardson, I.1
  • 92
    • 84928697711 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • “Wearable Computing is Here Already: How Hi-Tech Got Under our Skin,” The Independent (2013). <> Accessed August 6, 2013
    • S. Richmond, “Wearable Computing is Here Already: How Hi-Tech Got Under our Skin,” The Independent (2013). Accessed August 6, 2013.
    • Richmond, S.1
  • 96
    • 84928696082 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • “How Do We Educate in a Digital World?,” Wall Street Journal (2013)
    • B. Rooney, “How Do We Educate in a Digital World?,” Wall Street Journal (2013) .
    • Rooney, B.1
  • 97
    • 84871687037 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is Facebook Creating “iDisorders”? The Link Between Clinical Symptons of Psychiatric Disorders and Technology Use, Attitudes and Anxiety
    • L.D. Rosen, K. Whaling, S. Rab, L.M. Carrier, and N.A. Cheever, “Is Facebook Creating “iDisorders”? The Link Between Clinical Symptons of Psychiatric Disorders and Technology Use, Attitudes and Anxiety,” Computers in Human Behavior 29: 3 (2013) 1243–1254. doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2012.11.012
    • (2013) Computers in Human Behavior , vol.29 , Issue.3 , pp. 1243-1254
    • Rosen, L.D.1    Whaling, K.2    Rab, S.3    Carrier, L.M.4    Cheever, N.A.5
  • 99
    • 2942666040 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reconsidering political and popular understanding of the digital divide
    • N. Selwyn, “Reconsidering political and popular understanding of the digital divide,” New Media & Society 6:3 (2004) 341–362. doi: 10.1177/1461444804042519
    • (2004) New Media & Society , vol.6 , Issue.3 , pp. 341-362
    • Selwyn, N.1
  • 101
    • 84912536184 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What's so Smart About the Smart Citizen?
    • Hemment D., Townsend A., (eds), Future Everything Publications
    • M. Shepard and A. Simeti, “What's so Smart About the Smart Citizen?,” in D. Hemment, and A. Townsend, eds., Smart Citizens (Future Everything Publications, 2013) 12–18.
    • (2013) Smart Citizens , pp. 12-18
    • Shepard, M.1    Simeti, A.2
  • 104
    • 84928701940 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • “Hacking the City,” Wired.com. Beyond The Beyond (2011) <> Accessed February 11, 2014
    • B. Sterling, “Hacking the City,” Wired.com. Beyond The Beyond (2011) Accessed February 11, 2014.
    • Sterling, B.1
  • 106
    • 84907918927 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Communihood: A Less Formal or More Local Form of Community in the Age of the Internet
    • A. Tayebi, “Communihood: A Less Formal or More Local Form of Community in the Age of the Internet,” Journal of Urban Technology 20: 2 (2013) 77–91. doi: 10.1080/10630732.2013.769317
    • (2013) Journal of Urban Technology , vol.20 , Issue.2 , pp. 77-91
    • Tayebi, A.1
  • 107
    • 84928705739 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Telefónica Global Millennial Survey. Today's Young Adults: The Leaders of Tomorrow (2013)
    • Telefónica, Telefónica Global Millennial Survey. Today's Young Adults: The Leaders of Tomorrow (2013) .
  • 110
    • 0141525091 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Digital Divide as a Complex and Dynamic Phenomenon
    • J. van Dijk and K. Hacker, “The Digital Divide as a Complex and Dynamic Phenomenon,” The Information Society: An International Journal 19:4 (2003) 315–326. doi: 10.1080/01972240309487
    • (2003) The Information Society: An International Journal , vol.19 , Issue.4 , pp. 315-326
    • van Dijk, J.1    Hacker, K.2
  • 114
    • 0004160661 scopus 로고
    • London: Chatto and Windus
    • R. Williams, Towards 2000 (London: Chatto and Windus, 1983).
    • (1983) Towards 2000
    • Williams, R.1
  • 115
    • 84901356385 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Deconstructing Smart Cities: An Intertextual Reading of Concepts and Practices for Integrated Urban and ICT Development
    • Schrenk M., Popovich V.V., Zeile P., Elisei P., (eds)
    • M. Wolfram, “Deconstructing Smart Cities: An Intertextual Reading of Concepts and Practices for Integrated Urban and ICT Development,” in M. Schrenk, V.V. Popovich, P. Zeile, and P. Elisei, eds., Proceedings REAL CORP 2012 Tagungsband (2012).
    • (2012) Proceedings REAL CORP 2012 Tagungsband
    • Wolfram, M.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.