Patterns of plant and animal protein intake are strongly associated with cardiovascular mortality: The Adventist Health Study-2 cohort

International Journal of Epidemiology

Volumn 47, Issue 5, 2018, Pages 1603-1612

  Tharrey, Marion ^a,b   Mariotti, François ^b   Mashchak, Andrew ^a   Barbillon, Pierre ^b   Delattre, Maud ^b   Fraser, Gary E ^a  

^a LOMA LINDA UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITÉ PARIS SACLAY   (France)

Author keywords

Cardiovascular disease; Dietary protein; Factor analysis; Nutritional epidemiology; Plant protein

Indexed keywords

ANIMAL PROTEIN; PLANT PROTEIN;

ADULT; ARTICLE; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; CARDIOVASCULAR MORTALITY; CAUSE OF DEATH; CLINICAL ASSESSMENT; CLINICAL EVALUATION; COHORT ANALYSIS; CONTROLLED STUDY; DIET SUPPLEMENTATION; DIETARY PATTERN; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; FACTOR ANALYSIS; FEMALE; FOLLOW UP; FOOD FREQUENCY QUESTIONNAIRE; FOOD PROCESSING; FRUIT; GRAIN; HEALTHY DIET; HUMAN; LEGUME; LIFESTYLE MODIFICATION; LONGITUDINAL STUDY; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MEAT; MIDDLE AGED; NUT; NUTRIENT AVAILABILITY; NUTRITIONAL ASSESSMENT; PLANT SEED; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN INTAKE; TIME TO TREATMENT; VEGETABLE; VEGETARIAN DIET; ADMINISTRATION AND DOSAGE; AGED; ANIMAL; CANADA; DIET; EPIDEMIOLOGY; FOOD; LIFESTYLE; MORTALITY; MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS; PROPORTIONAL HAZARDS MODEL; UNITED STATES;

ADULT; AGED; ANIMALS; CANADA; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES; DIET; DIETARY PROTEINS; FACTOR ANALYSIS, STATISTICAL; FEMALE; FOOD; HUMANS; LIFE STYLE; LONGITUDINAL STUDIES; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS; PLANT PROTEINS, DIETARY; PROPORTIONAL HAZARDS MODELS; UNITED STATES;

EID: 85055767601     PISSN: 03005771     EISSN: 14643685     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyy030     Document Type: Article

References (54)

1. Aiking H. Protein production: planet, profit, plus people? Am J Clin Nutr 2014;100(Suppl 1):483–89S.
2. Pimentel D, Pimentel M. Sustainability of meat-based and plant-based diets and the environment. Am J Clin Nutr 2003;78: 660S–63.
3. Scarborough P, Appleby PN, Mizdrak A et al. Dietary greenhouse gas emissions of meat-eaters, fish-eaters, vegetarians and vegans in the UK. Clim Change 2014;125:179–92.
4. Nelson ME, Hamm MW, Hu FB, Abrams SA, Griffin TS. Alignment of healthy dietary patterns and environmental sustainability: a systematic review. Adv Nutr 2016;7:1005–25.
5. World Health Organization. Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs) Fact Sheet No 317. http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs317/en/ (18 February 2018, date last accessed).
6. Richter CK, Skulas-Ray AC, Champagne CM, Kris-Etherton PM. Plant protein and animal proteins: do they differentially affect cardiovascular disease risk? Adv Nutr 2015;6:712–28.
7. Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee. Report of the Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee on the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2010, to the Secretary of Agriculture and the Secretary of Health and Human Services. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 2010.
8. Song M, Fung TT, Hu FB et al. Association of animal and plant protein intake with all-cause and cause-specific mortality. JAMA Intern Med 2016;176:1453–63.
9. Hu FB. Dietary pattern analysis: a new direction in nutritional epidemiology. Curr Opin Lipidol 2002;13:3–9.
10. Michels KB, Schulze MB. Can dietary patterns help us detect diet-disease associations? Nutr Res Rev 2005;18:241–48.
11. Newby PK, Tucker KL. Empirically derived eating patterns using factor or cluster analysis: a review. Nutr Rev 2004;62:177–203.
12. Butler TL, Fraser GE, Beeson WL et al. Cohort profile: the Adventist Health Study-2 (AHS-2). Int J Epidemiol 2008;37:260–65.
13. Jaceldo-Siegl K, Fan J, Sabaté J et al. Race-specific validation of food intake obtained from a comprehensive FFQ: the Adventist Health Study-2. Public Health Nutr 2011;14:1988–97.
14. Jaceldo-Siegl K, Knutsen SF, Sabaté J et al. Validation of nutrient intake using an FFQ and repeated 24 h recalls in black and white subjects of the Adventist Health Study-2 (AHS-2). Public Health Nutr 2010;13:812–19.
15. Fraser G, Yan R. Guided multiple imputation of missing data: using a subsample to strengthen the missing-at-random assumption. Epidemiology 2007;18:246–52.
16. Orlich MJ, Singh PN, Sabaté J et al. Vegetarian dietary patterns and mortality in Adventist Health Study 2. JAMA Intern Med 2013;173:1230–38.
17. Camilleri GM, Verger EO, Huneau J-F et al. Plant and animal protein intakes are differently associated with nutrient adequacy of the diet of French adults. J Nutr 2013;143:1466–73.
18. Thiébaut A, Kesse E, Com-Nougué C, Clavel-Chapelon F, Bénichou J. Adjustment for energy intake in the assessment of dietary risk factors. Rev Épidémiol Santé Publique 2004;52:539–57.
19. Kaiser HF. The application of electronic computers to factor analysis. Educ Psychol Meas 1960;20:141–51.
20. Cattell RB. The scree test for the number of factors. Multivariate Behav Res 1966;1:245–76.
21. Kline P. An Easy Guide to Factor Analysis. New York, NY: Routledge, 1994.
22. Kim J-O, Mueller CW. Factor Analysis: Statistical Methods and Practical Issues. Beverly Hills, CA, and London: SAGE Publications, 1978.
23. Rizzo NS, Jaceldo-Siegl K, Sabate J, Fraser GE. Nutrient profiles of vegetarian and nonvegetarian dietary patterns. J Acad Nutr Diet 2013;113:1610–19.
24. Hooper L, Martin N, Abdelhamid A et al. Reduction in saturated fat intake for cardiovascular disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2015;6:CD011737.
25. Siri-Tarino PW, Sun Q, Hu FB, Krauss RM. Saturated fatty acids and risk of coronary heart disease: modulation by replacement nutrients. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2010;12:384–90.
26. Park Y, Subar AF, Hollenbeck A, Schatzkin A. Dietary fiber intake and mortality in the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study. Arch Intern Med 2011;171:1061–68.
27. Grooms KN, Ommerborn MJ, Pham DQ, Djoussé L, Clark CR. Dietary fiber intake and cardiometabolic risks among US adults, NHANES 1999–2010. Am J Med 2013;126:1059.
28. Tuomilehto J, Jousilahti P, Rastenyte D et al. Urinary sodium excretion and cardiovascular mortality in Finland: a prospective study. Lancet 2001;357:848–45.
29. Penz ED, Joffres MR, Campbell NR. Reducing dietary sodium and decreases in cardiovascular disease in Canada. Can J Cardiol 2008;24:497–501.
30. Saposnik G, Ray JG, Sheridan P, McQueen M, Lonn E. Homocysteine-lowering therapy and stroke risk, severity, and disability: additional findings from the HOPE 2 trial. Stroke 2009;40:1365–72.
31. Cui R, Iso H, Date C, Kikuchi S, Tamakoshi A. Dietary folate and vitamin B6 and B12 intake in relation to mortality from cardiovascular diseases: Japan collaborative cohort study. Stroke 2010;41:1285–89.
32. Jha P, Flather M, Lonn E, Farkouh M, Yusuf S. The antioxidant vitamins and cardiovascular disease: a critical review of epidemio-logic and clinical trial Data. Ann Intern Med 1995;123:860–72.
33. Erlinger TP, Appel L. The Relationship Between Meat Intake and Cardiovascular Disease. CLF White Paper. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins Center for a Livable Future, 2003.
34. Fraser GE, Sabaté J, Beeson WL, Strahan TM. A possible protective effect of nut consumption on risk of coronary heart disease. The Adventist Health Study. Arch Intern Med 1992;152:1416–24.
35. Trichopoulou A, Costacou T, Bamia C, Trichopoulos D. Adherence to a Mediterranean diet and survival in a Greek population. N Engl J Med 2003;348:2599–608.
36. Desquilbet L, Mariotti F. Dose-response analyses using restricted cubic spline functions in public health research. Stat Med 2010; 29:1037–57.
37. Iso H, Sato S, Kitamura A, Naito Y, Shimamoto T, Komachi Y. Fat and protein intakes and risk of intraparenchymal hemorrhage among middle-aged Japanese. Am J Epidemiol 2003;157:32–39.
38. Sauvaget C, Nagano J, Hayashi M, Yamada M. Animal protein, animal fat, and cholesterol intakes and risk of cerebral infarction mortality in the adult health study. Stroke J Cereb 2004;35: 1531–37.
39. Appel LJ, Sacks FM, Carey VJ et al. Effects of protein, monounsaturated fat, and carbohydrate intake on blood pressure and serum lipids, results of the OmniHeart randomized trial. JAMA 2005;294:2455–64.
40. Li S, Flint A, Pai JK et al. Low carbohydrate diet from plant or animal sources and mortality among myocardial infarction survivors. J Am Heart Assoc 2014;3:e001169.
41. Pan A, Sun Q, Bernstein AM et al. Red meat consumption and mortality, results from 2 prospective cohort studies. Arch Intern Med 2012;172:555–63.
42. Abete I, Romaguera D, Vieira AR, Lopez de Munain A, Norat T. Association between total, processed, red and white meat consumption and all-cause, CVD and IHD mortality, a meta-analysis of cohort studies. Br J Nutr 2014;112:762–75.
43. Mayhew AJ, de Souza RJ, Meyre D, Anand SS, Mente A. A systematic review and meta-analysis of nut consumption and incident risk of CVD and all-cause mortality. Br J Nutr 2016;115: 212–25.
44. Grosso G, Yang J, Marventano S, Micek A, Galvano F, Kales SN. Nut consumption on all-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality risk, a systematic review and meta-analysis of epide-miologic studies. Am J Clin Nutr 2015;101:783–93.
45. Martinez-Gonzalez MA, Sanchez-Tainta A, Corella D et al. A provegetarian food pattern and reduction in total mortality in the Prevencion con Dieta Mediterranea (PREDIMED) study. Am J Clin Nutr 2014;100:320–28S.
46. Martínez-González MÁ, Ruiz-Canela M, Hruby A, Liang L, Trichopoulou A, Hu FB. Intervention trials with the mediterra-nean diet in cardiovascular prevention: understanding potential mechanisms through metabolomic profiling. J Nutr 2015;146: 913–19S.
47. Satija A, Bhupathiraju SN, Rimm EB et al. Plant-based dietary patterns and incidence of type 2 diabetes in US men and women: results from three prospective cohort studies. PLoS Med 2016; 13:e1002039.
48. Elliott P, Stamler J, Dyer AR et al. Association between protein intake and blood pressure, the INTERMAP Study. Arch Intern Med 2006;166:79–87.
49. Jennings A, MacGregor A, Welch A, Chowienczyk P, Spector T, Cassidy A. Amino acid intakes are inversely associated with arterial stiffness and central blood pressure in women. J Nutr 2015;145:2130–38.
50. Ros E. Health benefits of nut consumption. Nutrients 2010;2: 652–82.
51. Huynh NN, Chin-Dusting J. Amino acids, arginase and nitric oxide in vascular health. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2006;33: 1–8.
52. Stamler J, Brown IJ, Daviglus ML et al. Dietary glycine and blood pressure, the International Study on Macro/Micronutrients and Blood Pressure. Am J Clin Nutr 2013;98:136–45.
53. Fraser GE, Yan R, Butler TL, Jaceldo-Siegl K, Beeson WL, Chan J. Missing data in a long food frequency questionnaire, are imputed zeroes correct? Epidemiology 2009;20:289–94.
54. Howard BV, Kritchevsky D. Phytochemicals and cardiovascular disease. Circulation 1997;95:2591–93.