Identification of synthetic diamond grown using Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD)

Gems and Gemology

Volumn 40, Issue 1, 2004, Pages 2-25

  Martineau, Philip M ^a   Lawson, Simon C ^a   Taylor, Andy J ^a   Quinn, Samantha J ^a   Evans, David J F ^a   Crowder, Michael J ^a  

^a DTC Research Centre   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 85053181887     PISSN: 0016626X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.5741/gems.40.1.2     Document Type: Article

References (62)

1. Angus J.C. (2002) A short history of diamond synthesis. In J. Asmussen and D.K. Reinhard, Eds., Diamond Films Handbook, Marcel Dekker, New York, pp. 17-26.
2. Bachmann P.K. (1998) Microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition of diamond. In M.A. Prelas, G. Popovici, and L.K. Bigelow, Eds., Handbook of Industrial Diamonds and Diamond Films, Marcel Dekker, New York, pp. 821-850.
3. Badzian A., Badzian T. (1993) Diamond homoepitaxy by chemical vapor deposition. Diamond and Related Materials, Vol. 2, No. 2-4, pp. 147-157.
4. Black D., Burdette H., Linares R., Doering P., Marchywka M., Pehrsson P. (1995) X-ray diffraction imaging of free-standing single-crystal CVD diamond films. In K.V. Ravi, J.P. Dismukes, J.L. Davidson, K.E. Spear, R.H. Hauge, and B.V. Spitsyn, Eds., Fourth International Symposium on Diamond Materials, Electrochemical Society, Reno, Nevada, Vol. 95-4, pp. 467-472.
5. Bundy F.P., Hall H.T., Strong H.M., Wentorf R.J. (1955) Man-made diamond. Nature, Vol. 176, pp. 51-54.
6. Butler J.E., Kennedy T.A., Colton J.S., Quadri S., Linares R., Doering P., Newton M., Glover C., Smith H., Collins A. (2002) Analysis of large single-crystal CVD diamond. 8th International Conference New Diamond Science and Technology, July 21-26, Melbourne, www.conferences.unimelb.edu.au/ icndst-8/Presentations/p1-01-1.pdf [date accessed: 04/13/04].
7. Butler J.E., Charles S., Feygelson B., Yan C.-H., Mao H.-K., Hemley R. (2003) Characterization of HPHT annealed single-crystal CVD diamond. Proceedings of the De Beers Diamond Conference, July 7-9, Cambridge, U.K., pp. 24.1-24.5.
8. Clark C.D., Collins A.T., Woods G.S. (1992) Absorption and luminescence spectroscopy. In J.E. Field, Ed., The Properties of Natural and Synthetic Diamond, Academic Press, London, pp. 35-79.
9. Clark C.D., Kanda H., Kiflawi I., Sittas G. (1995) Silicon defects in diamond. Physical Review B, Vol. 51, No. 23, pp. 16681-16688.
10. Coe S.E., Sussmann R.S. (2000) Optical, thermal and mechanical properties of CVD diamond. Diamond and Related Materials, Vol. 9, No. 9-10, pp. 1726-1729.
11. Davies G. (1984) Diamond, Adam Hilger Ltd., Bristol.
12. Eversole W.G. (1962a) Synthesis of Diamond. U.S. patent 3,030,187, issued April 17.
13. Eversole W.G. (1962b) Synthesis of Diamond. U.S. patent 3,030,188, issued April 17.
14. Fisher D., Spits R.A. (2000) Spectroscopic evidence of GE POL HPHT-treated natural type IIa diamonds. Gems & Gemology, Vol. 36, No. 1, pp. 42-49.
15. Fritsch E., Conner L., Koivula J.I. (1989) A preliminary gemological study of synthetic diamond thin films. Gems & Gemology, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 84-90.
16. Fuchs F., Wild C., Schwarz K., Muller-Sebert W., Koidl P. (1995a) Hydrogen induced vibrational and electronic transitions in chemical vapor deposited diamond, identified by isotopic substitution. Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 66, No. 2, pp. 177-179.
17. Fuchs F., Wild C., Schwarz K., Koidl P. (1995b) Hydrogen-related IR absorption in chemical vapour deposited diamond. Diamond and Related Materials, Vol. 4, No. 5-6, pp. 652-656.
18. Glover C., Newton M.E., Martineau P.M., Twitchen D.J., Baker J.M. (2003) Hydrogen incorporation in diamond: The nitrogenvacancy-hydrogen complex. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 90, No. 18, pp.185507-1-1855057-4.
19. Glover C., Newton M.E., Martineau P.M., Twitchen D.J. (2004) Hydrogen incorporation in diamond: The vacancy-hydrogen complex. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 92, No. 13, pp. 135502-1-135502-4.
20. Goodwin D.G., Butler J.E. (1998) Theory of diamond chemical vapor deposition. In M.A. Prelas, G. Popovici and L.K. Bigelow, Eds., Handbook of Industrial Diamonds and Diamond Films, Marcel Dekker, New York, pp. 527-581.
21. Grotjohn T.A., Asmussen J. (2002) Microwave plasma-assisted diamond film deposition. In J. Asmussen and D.K. Reinhard, Eds., Diamond Films Handbook, Marcel Dekker, New York, pp. 211-302.
22. Hanley P.L., Kiflawi I., Lang A.R. (1977) On topographically identifiable sources of cathodoluminescence in natural diamonds. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London A, Vol. 284, pp. 329-368.
23. Heberlein J.V.R., Ohtake N. (2002) Plasma torch diamond deposition. In J. Asmussen and D.K. Reinhard, Eds., Diamond Films Handbook, Marcel Dekker, New York, pp. 141-210.
24. Isberg J., Hammersberg J., Johansson E., Wikstrom T., Twitchen D.J., Whitehead A.J., Coe S.E., Scarsbrook G.A. (2002) High carrier mobility in single-crystal plasma-deposited diamond. Science, Vol. 297, No. 5587, pp. 1670-1672.
25. Janssen G., van Enckevort W.J.P., Schaminee J.J.D., Vollenberg W., Giling L.J., Seal M. (1990) Rapid single crystalline diamond growth by acetylene-oxygen flame deposition. Journal of Crystal Growth, Vol. 104, No. 3, pp. 752-757.
26. Janssen G., Vollenberg W., Gilling L.J., van Enckevort W.J.P., Schaminee J.J.D., Seal M. (1991) Rapid growth of single-crystal diamond on diamond substrates. Surface and Coatings Technology, Vol. 47, No. 1-3, pp. 113-126.
27. Johnson M.L., Koivula J.I., Eds. (1997) Gem News: Synthetic diamond thin film jewelry. Gems & Gemology, Vol. 33, No. 2, pp. 143-144.
28. Kiffer A.D. (1956) Synthesis of diamond from carbon monoxide. Report, Tonowanda Laboratories, Linde Air Products Co., June 6.
29. Kiflawi I., Lang A.R. (1976) On the correspondence between cathodoluminescence images and X-ray diffraction contrast images of individual dislocations in diamond. Philosophical Magazine, Vol. 33, No. 4, pp. 697-701.
30. King J.M., Moses T.M., Shigley J.E., Welbourn C.M., Lawson S.C., Cooper M.C. (1998) Characterizing natural-color type IIb blue diamonds. Gems & Gemology, Vol. 34, No. 4, pp. 246-268.
31. Koizumi S., Kamo M., Sato Y., Mita S., Sawabe A., Reznik A., Uzan-Saguy C., Kalish R. (1998) Growth and characterization of phosphorus doped n-type diamond thin films. Diamond and Related Materials, Vol. 7, pp. 540-544.
32. Landstrass M.I., Plano M.A., Moreno M.M., McWilliams S., Pan L.S., Kania D.R., Han S. (1993) Device properties of homoepitaxially grown diamond. Diamond and Related Materials, Vol. 2, No. 5-7, pp. 1033-1037.
33. Lang A.R. (1979) Internal structure. In J.E. Field, Ed., The Properties of Diamond, Academic Press, London, pp. 425-469.
34. Lang A.R., Moore M., Walmsley J.C. (1992) Diffraction and imaging studies of diamond. In J.E. Field, Ed., The Properties of Natural and Synthetic Diamond, Academic Press, London, pp. 215-258.
35. Lawson S.C., Fisher D., Hunt D.C., Newton M.E. (1998) On the existence of positively-charged single substitutional nitrogen in diamond. Journal of Physics C: Condensed Matter, Vol. 10, No. 27, pp. 6171-6180.
36. Linares R., Doering P. (1999) Properties of large single crystal diamond. Diamond and Related Materials, Vol. 8, No. 2-5, pp. 909-915.
37. Locher R., Wagner J., Fuchs F., Maier M., Gonon P., Koidl P. (1995) Optical and electrical characterization of boron-doped diamond films. Diamond and Related Materials, Vol. 4, No. 5-6, pp. 678-683.
38. Matsumoto S., Sato Y., Kamo M., Setaka N. (1982a) Vapor deposition of diamond particles from methane. Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 21, No. 4, pp. L183-L185.
39. Matsumoto S., Sato Y., Tsutsumi M., Setaka N. (1982b) Growth of diamond particles from methane-hydrogen gas. Journal of Materials Science, Vol. 17, pp. 3106-3112.
40. Muller-Sebert W., Worner E., Fuchs F., Wild C., Koidl P. (1996) Nitrogen induced increase of growth rate in chemical vapor deposition of diamond. Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 68, No. 6, pp. 759-760.
41. Nishitani-Gamo M., Yasu E., Xiao C., Kikuchi Y., Ushizawa K., Sakaguchi I., Suzuki T., Ando T. (2000) Sulfur-doped homoepitaxial (001) diamond with n-type semiconductive properties. Diamond and Related Materials, Vol. 9, No. 3-6, pp. 941-947.
42. Plano M.A., Moyer M.D., Moreno M.M., Black D., Burdette H., Robins L., Pan L.S., Kania D.R., Banholzer W. (1994) Characterization of a thick homoepitaxial CVD diamond film. In C.H. Carter, G. Gildenblat, S. Nakamura, R.J. Nemanich, Eds., Diamond, SiC and Nitride Wide Bandgap Semiconductors, Materials Research Society, Warrendale, PA, pp. 307-312.
43. Priddy S. (2003) Apollo Diamond to release CVD diamonds in Q4. Rapaport News, www.diamonds.net/news/newsitem.asp?num= 8374 [date accessed: 04/13/04].
44. Schermer J.J., van Enckevort W.J.P., Giling L.J. (1994) Flame deposition and characterization of large type IIa diamond single crystals. Diamond and Related Materials, Vol. 3, No. 4-6, pp. 408-416.
45. Schermer J.J., de Theije F.K., Giling L.J. (1996) Mosaic growth of diamond: A study of homoepitaxial flame deposition and etching of {001}-oriented diamond layers. Journal of Crystal Growth, Vol. 165, No. 4, pp. 387-401.
46. Shigley J.E., Fritsch E., Stockton C.M., Koivula J.I., Fryer C.W., Kane R.E. (1986) The gemological properties of the Sumitomo gem-quality synthetic yellow diamonds. Gems & Gemology, Vol. 22, No. 4, pp. 192-208.
47. Shigley J.E., Fritsch E., Stockton C.M., Koivula J.I., Fryer C.W., Kane R.E., Hargett D.R., Welch C.W. (1987) The gemological properties of the De Beers gem-quality synthetic diamonds. Gems & Gemology, Vol. 23, No. 4, pp. 187-206.
48. Smith C.P., Bosshart G., Ponahlo J., Hammer V.M.F., Klapper H., Schmetzer K. (2000) GE POL diamonds: Before and after. Gems & Gemology, Vol. 36, No. 3, pp. 192-215.
49. Sussmann R.S., Brandon J.R., Scarsbrook G.A., Sweeney C.G., Valentine T.J., Whitehead A.J., Wort C.J.H. (1994) Properties of bulk polycrystalline CVD diamond. Diamond and Related Materials, Vol. 3, No. 4-6, pp. 303-312.
50. Tsuno T., Imai T., Fujimori N. (1994) Twinning structure and growth hillock on diamond (001) epitaxial film. Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 33, pp. 4039-4043.
51. Valentine T.J., Whitehead A.J., Sussmann R.S., Wort C.J.H., Scarsbrook G.A. (1994) Mechanical property measurements of bulk polycrystalline CVD diamond. Diamond and Related Materials, Vol. 3, No. 9, pp. 1168-1172.
52. van Enckevort W.J.P., Janssen G., Schermer J.J., Giling L.J. (1995) Step-related growth phenomena on exact and misoriented {001} surfaces of CVD-grown single-crystal diamonds. Diamond and Related Materials, Vol. 4, No. 4, pp. 250-255.
53. Wang W., Moses T., Linares R., Shigley J.E., Hall M., Butler J.E. (2003) Gem-quality synthetic diamonds grown by a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method. Gems & Gemology, Vol. 39, No. 4, pp. 268-283.
54. Welbourn C.M., Cooper M., Spear P.M. (1996) The De Beers natural versus synthetic diamond verification instruments. Gems & Gemology, Vol. 32, No. 3, pp. 156-169.
55. Welbourn C.M., Williams R. (2002) DTC comes to diamonds' defense. Rapaport Diamond Report, Vol. 25, No. 17, pp. 46-47.
56. Wild C., Koidl P., Muller-Sebert W., Walcher H., Kohl R., Herres N., Locher R., Samlenski R., Brenn R. (1993) Chemical vapour deposition and characterization of smooth {100}-faceted diamond films. Diamond and Related Materials, Vol. 2, No. 2-4, pp. 158-168.
57. Wolden C.A. (2002) Combustion synthesis of diamond. In J. Asmussen and D.K. Reinhard, Eds., Diamond Films Handbook, Marcel Dekker Inc., New York, pp. 303-323.
58. Woods G.S., Collins A.T. (1983) Infrared absorption spectra of hydrogen complexes in type I diamonds. Journal of Chemistry and Physics of Solids, Vol. 44, No. 5, pp. 471-475.
59. Wort C.J.H., Sweeney C.G., Cooper M.A., Scarsbrook G.A., Sussmann R.S. (1994) Thermal properties of bulk polycrystalline CVD diamond. Diamond and Related Materials, Vol. 3, No. 9, pp. 1158-1167.
60. Yan C.-S., Vohra Y.K., Mao H.-K., Hemley R.J. (2002) Very high growth rate chemical vapor deposition of single-crystal diamond. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Vol. 99, No. 20, pp. 12523-12525.
61. Yehoda J.E. (2002) Thermally assisted (hot-filament) deposition of diamond. In J. Asmussen and D.K. Reinhard, Eds., Diamond Films Handbook, Marcel Dekker, New York, pp. 119-140.
62. Zaitsev A.M. (2001) Optical Properties of Diamond. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 502 pp.