Trauma and PTSD in the WHO World Mental Health Surveys

European Journal of Psychotraumatology

Volumn 8, Issue , 2017, Pages

  Kessler, Ronald C ^a   Aguilar Gaxiola, Sergio ^b   Alonso, Jordi ^c,d,e   Benjet, Corina ^f   Bromet, Evelyn J ^g   Cardoso, Graça ^h   Degenhardt, Louisa ⁱ   de Girolamo, Giovanni ^j   Dinolova, Rumyana V ^k   Ferry, Finola ^l   Florescu, Silvia ^m   Gureje, Oye ⁿ   Haro, Josep Maria ^o   Huang, Yueqin ^p   Karam, Elie G ^q,r,s   Kawakami, Norito ^t   Lee, Sing ^u   Lepine, Jean Pierre ^v,w   Levinson, Daphna ^x   Navarro Mateu, Fernando ^y   Pennell, Beth Ellen ^z   Piazza, Marina ^aa,ab   Posada Villa, José ^ac   Scott, Kate M ^ad   Stein, Dan J ^ae   Ten Have, Margreet ^af   Torres, Yolanda ^ag   Viana, Maria Carmen ^ah   Petukhova, Maria V ^a   Sampson, Nancy A ^a   Zaslavsky, Alan M ^a   Koenen, Karestan C ^ai   more..

^a HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^c HOSPITAL DEL MAR   (Spain)

^d UNIVERSITAT POMPEU FABRA   (Spain)

^e CIBER EPIDEMIOLOGÍA Y SALUD PÚBLICA CIBERESP   (Spain)

^f INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE PSIQUIATRÍA RAMÓN DE LA FUENTE MUÑIZ   (Mexico)

^g STONY BROOK UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^h NOVA MEDICAL SCHOOL   (Portugal)

ⁱ UNIVERSITY OF NEW SOUTH WALES   (Australia)

^j IRCCS ISTITUTO CENTRO SAN GIOVANNI DI DIO FATEBENEFRATELLI   (Italy)

^k National Center of Public Health Protection Bulgaria   (Bulgaria)

^l UNIVERSITY OF ULSTER   (United Kingdom)

^m NATIONAL SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH   (Romania)

ⁿ UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN   (Nigeria)

^o UNIVERSITY OF BARCELONA   (Spain)

^p PEKING UNIVERSITY SIXTH HOSPITAL   (China)

^q UNIVERSITY OF BALAMAND   (Lebanon)

^r SAINT GEORGE HOSPITAL UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER   (Lebanon)

^s Research   (Lebanon)

^t UNIVERSITY OF TOKYO   (Japan)

^u CHINESE UNIVERSITY OF HONG KONG   (Hong Kong)

^v HÔPITAL LARIBOISIÈRE   (France)

^w UMR S 1144   (France)

^x MINISTRY OF HEALTH   (Israel)

^y IMIB Arrixaca   (Spain)

^z UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN   (United States)

^aa UNIVERSIDAD PERUANA CAYETANO HEREDIA   (Peru)

^ab NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH   (United States)

^ac Colombia   (Colombia)

^ad UNIVERSITY OF OTAGO   (New Zealand)

^ae UNIVERSITY OF CAPE TOWN   (South Africa)

^af NETHERLANDS INSTITUTE OF MENTAL HEALTH AND ADDICTION   (Netherlands)

^ag UNIVERSIDAD CES   (Colombia)

^ah FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF ESPÍRITO SANTO   (Brazil)

^ai HARVARD SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH   (United States)

more..

Author keywords

Burden of illness; disorder prevalence and persistence; epidemiology; post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD); trauma exposure

Indexed keywords

EID: 85044046560     PISSN: 20008198     EISSN: 20008066     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/20008198.2017.1353383     Document Type: Review

References (62)

1. Alonso, J., Petukhova, M., Vilagut, G., Chatterji, S., Heeringa, S., Ustun, T. B., … Kessler, R. C., (2011). Days out of role due to common physical and mental conditions: Results from the WHO World Mental Health surveys. Molecular Psychiatry, 16(12), 1–16. doi:10.1038/mp.2010.101
2. Atwoli, L., Stein, D. J., King, A., Petukhova, M., Aguilar-Gaxiola, S., Alonso, J., … Kessler, R. C., (2017). Posttraumatic stress disorder associated with unexpected death of a loved one: Cross-national findings from the World Mental Health Surveys. Depression and Anxiety, 34(4), 315–326. doi:10.1002/da.22579
3. Atwoli, L., Stein, D. J., Koenen, K. C., & McLaughlin, K. A., (2015). Epidemiology of posttraumatic stress disorder: Prevalence, correlates and consequences. Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 28(4), 307–311. doi:10.1097/yco.0000000000000167
4. Belli, R. F., (2014). Autobiographical memory dynamics in survey research. In T. J., Perfect & D. S., Lindsay (Eds.), The SAGE handbook of applied memory (pp. 366–384). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications.
5. Benjet, C., Bromet, E., Karam, E. G., Kessler, R. C., McLaughlin, K. A., Ruscio, A. M., … Koenen, K. C., (2016). The epidemiology of traumatic event exposure worldwide: Results from the World Mental Health Survey Consortium. Psychological Medicine, 46(2), 327–343. doi:10.1017/s0033291715001981
6. Breslau, N., Peterson, E. L., & Schultz, L. R., (2008). A second look at prior trauma and the posttraumatic stress disorder effects of subsequent trauma: A prospective epidemiological study. Archives of General Psychiatry, 65(4), 431–437. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.65.4.431
7. Bromet, E. J., Atwoli, L., Kawakami, N., Navarro-Mateu, F., Piotrowski, P., King, A. J., … Kessler, R. C., (2017). Post-traumatic stress disorder associated with natural and human-made disasters in the World Mental Health Surveys. Psychological Medicine, 47(2), 227–241. doi:10.1017/s0033291716002026
8. Campbell, R., Dworkin, E., & Cabral, G., (2009). An ecological model of the impact of sexual assault on women’s mental health. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 10(3), 225–246. doi:10.1177/1524838009334456
9. Caramanica, K., Brackbill, R. M., Stellman, S. D., & Farfel, M. R., (2015). Posttraumatic stress disorder after Hurricane Sandy among persons exposed to the 9/11 disaster. International Journal of Emergency Mental Health, 17(1), 356–362. Retrieved from https://www.omicsonline.com/open-access/posttraumatic-stress-disorder-after-hurricane-sandy-among-persons-exposed-to-the-disaster-1522-4821-17-173.pdf
10. Classen, C. C., Palesh, O. G., & Aggarwal, R., (2005). Sexual revictimization: A review of the empirical literature. Trauma, Violence & Abuse, 6(2), 103–129. doi:10.1177/1524838005275087
11. Das, A., & Otis, N., (2016). Sexual contact in childhood, revictimization, and lifetime sexual and psychological outcomes. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 45(5), 1117–1131. doi:10.1007/s10508-015-0620-3
12. Daskalakis, N. P., Bagot, R. C., Parker, K. J., Vinkers, C. H., & de Kloet, E. R., (2013). The three-hit concept of vulnerability and resilience: Toward understanding adaptation to early-life adversity outcome. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 38(9), 1858–1873. doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2013.06.008
13. DiGangi, J. A., Gomez, D., Mendoza, L., Jason, L. A., Keys, C. B., & Koenen, K. C., (2013). Pretrauma risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder: A systematic review of the literature. Clinical Psychology Review, 33(6), 728–744. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2013.05.002
14. Drasch, K., & Matthes, B., (2013). Improving retrospective life course data by combining modularized self-reports and event history calendars: Experiences from a large scale survey. Quality & Quantity, 47(2), 817–838. doi:10.1007/s11135-011-9568-0
15. Fossion, P., Leys, C., Kempenaers, C., Braun, S., Verbanck, P., & Linkowski, P., (2015). Beware of multiple traumas in PTSD assessment: The role of reactivation mechanism in intrusive and hyper-arousal symptoms. Aging & Mental Health, 19(3), 258–263. doi:10.1080/13607863.2014.924901
16. Gardner, M., & Altman, D., (2000). Statistics with confidence: Confidence intervals and statistical guidelines. London: BMJ Books.
17. Gates, M. A., Holowka, D. W., Vasterling, J. J., Keane, T. M., Marx, B. P., & Rosen, R. C., (2012). Posttraumatic stress disorder in veterans and military personnel: Epidemiology, screening, and case recognition. Psychological Services, 9(4), 361–382. doi:10.1037/a0027649
18. Gnambs, T., & Kaspar, K., (2015). Disclosure of sensitive behaviors across self-administered survey modes: A meta-analysis. Behavior Research Methods, 47(4), 1237–1259. doi:10.3758/s13428-014-0533-4
19. Goldmann, E., & Galea, S., (2014). Mental health consequences of disasters. Annual Review of Public Health, 35, 169–183. doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-032013-182435
20. Haro, J. M., Arbabzadeh-Bouchez, S., Brugha, T. S., De Girolamo, G., Guyer, M. E., Jin, R., … Kessler, R. C., (2006). Concordance of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview version 3.0 (CIDI 3.0) with standardized clinical assessments in the WHO World Mental Health surveys. International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research, 15(4), 167–180. doi:10.1002/mpr.196
21. Hatch, S. L., & Dohrenwend, B. P., (2007). Distribution of traumatic and other stressful life events by race/ethnicity, gender, SES and age: A review of the research. American Journal of Community Psychology, 40(3–4), 313–332. doi:10.1007/s10464-007-9134-z
22. Heeringa, S. G., Wells, J. E., Hubbard, F., Mneimneh, Z. N., Chiu, W. T., Sampson, N. A., & Berglund, P. A., (2008). Sample designs and sampling procedures. In R. C., Kessler & T. B., Üstün (Eds.), The WHO World Mental Health Surveys: Global perspectives on the epidemiology of mental disorders (pp. 14–32). New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
23. Kessler, R. C., Aguilar-Gaxiola, S., Alonso, J., Chatterji, S., Lee, S., Ormel, J., … Wang, P. S., (2009). The global burden of mental disorders: An update from the WHO World Mental Health (WMH) surveys. Epidemiologia E Psichiatria Sociale, 18(1), 23–33. doi:10.1017/S1121189X00001421
24. Kessler, R. C., McLaughlin, K. A., Green, J. G., Gruber, M. J., Sampson, N. A., Zaslavsky, A. M., … Williams, D. R., (2010). Childhood adversities and adult psychopathology in the WHO World Mental Health Surveys. British Journal of Psychiatry, 197(5), 378–385. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.110.080499
25. Kessler, R. C., & Ustun, T. B., (Eds.). (2008). The WHO World Mental Health Surveys: Global perspectives on the epidemiology of mental disorders. New York: Cambridge University Press.
26. Kessler, R. C., & Ustün, T. B., (2004). The World Mental Health (WMH) Survey initiative version of the World Health Organization (WHO) Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI). International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research, 13(2), 93–121. doi:10.1002/mpr.168
27. Koenen, K. C., Ratanatharathorn, A., Ng, L., McLaughlin, K. A., Bromet, E. J., Stein, D. J., … Kessler, R. C., (2017). Posttraumatic stress disorder in the World. Mental Health Surveys Psychological Medicine, 1–15. doi:10.1017/s0033291717000708
28. Landis, J. R., & Koch, G. G., (1977). The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data. Biometrics, 33(1), 159–174. doi:10.2307/2529310
29. Larson, G. E., Highfill-McRoy, R. M., & Booth-Kewley, S., (2008). Psychiatric diagnoses in historic and contemporary military cohorts: Combat deployment and the healthy warrior effect. American Journal of Epidemiology, 167(11), 1269–1276. doi:10.1093/aje/kwn084
30. Lelkes, Y., Krosnick, J. A., Marx, D. M., Judd, C. M., & Park, B., (2012). Complete anonymity compromises the accuracy of self-reports. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 48(6), 1291–1299. doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2012.07.002
31. Levy-Gigi, E., & Richter-Levin, G., (2014). The hidden price of repeated traumatic exposure. Stress, 17(4), 343–351. doi:10.3109/10253890.2014.923397
32. Levy-Gigi, E., Richter-Levin, G., Okon-Singer, H., Kéri, S., & Bonanno, G. A., (2016). The hidden price and possible benefit of repeated traumatic exposure. Stress, 19(1), 1–7. doi:10.3109/10253890.2015.1113523
33. Liberzon, I., & Abelson, J. L., (2016). Context processing and the neurobiology of post-traumatic stress disorder. Neuron, 92(1), 14–30. doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2016.09.039
34. Liu, H., Petukhova, M. V., Sampson, N. A., Aguilar-Gaxiola, S., Alonso, J., Andrade, L. H., … Kessler, R. C., (2017). Association of DSM-IV posttraumatic stress disorder with traumatic experience type and history in the World Health Organization World Mental Health Surveys. JAMA Psychiatry, 74(3), 270–281. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2016.3783
35. Liu, R. T., (2015). A developmentally informed perspective on the relation between stress and psychopathology: When the problem with stress is that there is not enough. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 124(1), 80–92. doi:10.1037/abn0000043
36. Lowe, S. R., Walsh, K., Uddin, M., Galea, S., & Koenen, K. C., (2014). Bidirectional relationships between trauma exposure and posttraumatic stress: A longitudinal study of Detroit residents. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 123(3), 533–544. doi:10.1037/a0037046
37. Marques, J. K., Wiederanders, M., Day, D. M., Nelson, C., & Ommeren, A., (2005). Effects of a relapse prevention program on sexual recidivism: Final results from California’s Sex Offender Treatment and Evaluation Project (SOTEP). Sexual Abuse, 17(1), 79–107. doi:10.1177/107906320501700108
38. McLafferty, M., Armour, C., McKenna, A., O’Neill, S., Murphy, S., & Bunting, B., (2015). Childhood adversity profiles and adult psychopathology in a representative Northern Ireland study. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 35, 42–48. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2015.07.004
39. McLaughlin, K. A., Berglund, P., Gruber, M. J., Kessler, R. C., Sampson, N. A., & Zaslavsky, A. M., (2011). Recovery from PTSD following Hurricane Katrina. Depression and Anxiety, 28(6), 439–446. doi:10.1002/da.20790
40. McLaughlin, K. A., Koenen, K. C., Friedman, M. J., Ruscio, A. M., Karam, E. G., Shahly, V., … Kessler, R. C., (2015). Subthreshold posttraumatic stress disorder in the World Health Organization World Mental Health Surveys. Biological Psychiatry, 77(4), 375–384. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2014.03.028
41. Miller, P. G., Curtis, A., Sønderlund, A., Day, A., & Droste, N., (2015). Effectiveness of interventions for convicted DUI offenders in reducing recidivism: A systematic review of the peer-reviewed scientific literature. The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 41(1), 16–29. doi:10.3109/00952990.2014.966199
42. Miner, M. H., Flitter, J. M., & Robinson, B. B., (2006). Association of sexual revictimization with sexuality and psychological function. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 21(4), 503–524. doi:10.1177/0886260505285913
43. Morina, N., Wicherts, J. M., Lobbrecht, J., & Priebe, S., (2014). Remission from post-traumatic stress disorder in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis of long term outcome studies. Clinical Psychology Review, 34(3), 249–255. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2014.03.002
44. Olff, M., Langeland, W., Draijer, N., & Gersons, B. P., (2007). Gender differences in posttraumatic stress disorder. Psychological Bulletin, 133(2), 183–204. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.133.2.183
45. Ormel, J., Petukhova, M., Chatterji, S., Aguilar-Gaxiola, S., Alonso, J., Angermeyer, M. C., … Kessler, R. C., (2008). Disability and treatment of specific mental and physical disorders across the world. British Journal of Psychiatry, 192(5), 368–375. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.107.039107
46. Ozer, E. J., Best, S. R., Lipsey, T. L., & Weiss, D. S., (2003). Predictors of posttraumatic stress disorder and symptoms in adults: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 129(1), 52–73. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.129.1.52
47. Palgi, Y., Gelkopf, M., & Berger, R., (2015). The inoculating role of previous exposure to potentially traumatic life events on coping with prolonged exposure to rocket attacks: A lifespan perspective. Psychiatry Research, 227(2–3), 296–301. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2015.03.020
48. Pirkola, S., Isometsä, E., Aro, H., Kestilä, L., Hämäläinen, J., Veijola, J., … Lonnqvist, J., (2005). Childhood adversities as risk factors for adult mental disorders: Results from the Health 2000 study. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 40(10), 769–777. doi:10.1007/s00127-005-0950-x
49. Putnam, K. T., Harris, W. W., & Putnam, F. W., (2013). Synergistic childhood adversities and complex adult psychopathology. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 26(4), 435–442. doi:10.1002/jts.21833
50. Ramsay, J., Carter, Y., Davidson, L., Dunne, D., Eldridge, S., Feder, G., … Warburton, A., (2009). Advocacy interventions to reduce or eliminate violence and promote the physical and psychosocial well-being of women who experience intimate partner abuse. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, (3)(Cd005043). doi:10.1002/14651858.CD005043.pub2
51. Rutter, M., (2012). Resilience as a dynamic concept. Development and Psychopathology, 24(2), 335–344. doi:10.1017/s0954579412000028
52. Sayed, S., Iacoviello, B. M., & Charney, D. S., (2015). Risk factors for the development of psychopathology following trauma. Current Psychiatry Reports, 17(8), 70. doi:10.1007/s11920-015-0612-y
53. Schaeffer, N. C., (2000). Asking questions about threatening topics: A selective overview. In A. A., Stone, J. S., Turkkan, C. A., Bachrach, J. B., Jobe, H. S., Kurtzman, & V. S., Cain (Eds.), The science of self-report: Implications for research and practice (pp. 105–122). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
54. Smith, H. L., Summers, B. J., Dillon, K. H., & Cougle, J. R., (2016). Is worst-event trauma type related to PTSD symptom presentation and associated features? Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 38, 55–61. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.01.007
55. Smoller, J. W., (2016). The genetics of stress-related disorders: PTSD, depression, and anxiety disorders. Neuropsychopharmacology, 41(1), 297–319. doi:10.1038/npp.2015.266
56. Somer, E., Zrihan-Weitzman, A., Fusé, T., Parker, H., Dickstein, B., Maguen, S., & Litz, B. T., (2009). Israeli civilians under heavy bombardment: Prediction of the severity of post-traumatic symptoms. Prehospital and Disaster Medicine, 24(5), 389–394. doi:10.1017/S1049023X00007196
57. Stein, D. J., de Jonge, P., Kessler, R. C., & Scott, K. M., (In press). The cross-national epidemiology of mental disorders. In K. M., Scott, P., de Jonge, D. J., Stein, & R. C., Kessler (Eds.), Mental disorders around the world: Facts and figures from the World Mental Health Surveys. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
58. Stein, D. J., Karam, E. G., Shahly, V., Hill, E. D., King, A., Petukhova, M., … Kessler, R. C., (2016). Post-traumatic stress disorder associated with life-threatening motor vehicle collisions in the WHO World Mental Health Surveys. BMC Psychiatry, 16, 257. doi:10.1186/s12888-016-0957-8
59. Tolin, D. F., & Foa, E. B., (2006). Sex differences in trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder: A quantitative review of 25 years of research. Psychological Bulletin, 132(6), 959–992. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.132.6.959
60. Wang, P. S., Aguilar-Gaxiola, S., Alonso, J., Angermeyer, M. C., Borges, G., Bromet, E. J., … Wells, J. E., (2007). Use of mental health services for anxiety, mood, and substance disorders in 17 countries in the WHO World Mental Health surveys. Lancet, 370(9590), 841–850. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(07)61414-7
61. Wilson, J., Jones, M., Fear, N. T., Hull, L., Hotopf, M., Wessely, S., & Rona, R. J., (2009). Is previous psychological health associated with the likelihood of Iraq War deployment? An investigation of the “healthy warrior effect”. American Journal of Epidemiology, 169(11), 1362–1369. doi:10.1093/aje/kwp044
62. Wilson, L. C., (2015). A systematic review of probable posttraumatic stress disorder in first responders following man-made mass violence. Psychiatry Research, 229(1–2), 21–26. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2015.06.015