Posttraumatic stress disorder associated with unexpected death of a loved one: Cross-national findings from the world mental health surveys

Depression and Anxiety

Volumn 34, Issue 4, 2017, Pages 315-326

  Atwoli, Lukoye ^a,b   Stein, Dan J ^b   King, Andrew ^c   Petukhova, Maria ^c   Aguilar Gaxiola, Sergio ^d   Alonso, Jordi ^e,f,g   Bromet, Evelyn J ^h   de Girolamo, Giovanni ⁱ   Demyttenaere, Koen ^j   Florescu, Silvia ^k   Maria Haro, Josep ^l   Karam, Elie G ^m,n,o   Kawakami, Norito ^p   Lee, Sing ^q   Lepine, Jean Pierre ^r   Navarro Mateu, Fernando ^g   O'Neill, Siobhan ^s   Pennell, Beth Ellen ^t   Piazza, Marina ^u,v   Posada Villa, Jose ^w   Sampson, Nancy A ^c   ten Have, Margreet ^x   Zaslavsky, Alan M ^c   Kessler, Ronald C ^c   more..

^a MOI UNIVERSITY   (Kenya)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CAPE TOWN   (South Africa)

^c HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^e HOSPITAL DEL MAR   (Spain)

^f UNIVERSITAT POMPEU FABRA   (Spain)

^g CIBER EPIDEMIOLOGÍA Y SALUD PÚBLICA CIBERESP   (Spain)

^h STONY BROOK UNIVERSITY   (United States)

ⁱ IRCCS ISTITUTO CENTRO SAN GIOVANNI DI DIO FATEBENEFRATELLI   (Italy)

^j UNIVERSITY HOSPITALS LEUVEN   (Belgium)

^k NATIONAL SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH   (Romania)

^l UNIVERSITY OF BARCELONA   (Spain)

^m UNIVERSITY OF BALAMAND   (Lebanon)

ⁿ SAINT GEORGE HOSPITAL UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER   (Lebanon)

^o Institute for Development Research Advocacy and Applied Care Beirut   (Lebanon)

^p UNIVERSITY OF TOKYO   (Japan)

^q CHINESE UNIVERSITY OF HONG KONG   (Hong Kong)

^r HÔPITAL LARIBOISIÈRE   (France)

^s UNIVERSITY OF ULSTER   (United Kingdom)

^t UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN   (United States)

^u UNIVERSIDAD PERUANA CAYETANO HEREDIA   (Peru)

^v NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH   (United States)

^w Universidad Colegio Mayor de Cundinamarca   (Colombia)

^x NETHERLANDS INSTITUTE OF MENTAL HEALTH AND ADDICTION   (Netherlands)

more..

Author keywords

cross national; epidemiology; international; life events stress; PTSD; trauma

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ARTICLE; BELGIUM; BRAZIL; BULGARIA; CAUSE OF DEATH; CHILD; COLOMBIA; CONTROLLED STUDY; FEMALE; FRANCE; GERMANY; HUMAN; ITALY; JAPAN; LEBANON; MALE; MASS SCREENING; MENTAL HEALTH CARE; MIDDLE AGED; NETHERLANDS; NORTHERN IRELAND; PERU; POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER; PREDICTIVE VALUE; PRESCHOOL CHILD; PREVALENCE; PROSPECTIVE STUDY; RETROSPECTIVE STUDY; RISK FACTOR; ROMANIA; SCHOOL CHILD; SIMULATION; SOUTH AFRICA; SPAIN; UKRAINE; UNEXPECTED DEATH OF A LOVED ONE; UNITED STATES; YOUNG ADULT; ASIA; ATTITUDE TO DEATH; DEATH; EUROPE; HEALTH SURVEY; INFANT; LIFE EVENT; PSYCHOLOGY; RISK; SOCIOECONOMICS; SOUTH AMERICA; STATISTICAL MODEL; STATISTICS AND NUMERICAL DATA;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ASIA; ATTITUDE TO DEATH; CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; DEATH; EUROPE; FEMALE; HEALTH SURVEYS; HUMANS; INFANT; LIFE CHANGE EVENTS; LOGISTIC MODELS; MALE; PREVALENCE; RISK; SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS; SOUTH AFRICA; SOUTH AMERICA; STRESS DISORDERS, POST-TRAUMATIC; UNITED STATES; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 85006489764     PISSN: 10914269     EISSN: 15206394     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/da.22579     Document Type: Article

References (48)

1. American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed., text revised). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press.
2. American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed., DSM-5). Arlington, VA: Author.
3. Atwoli, L., Stein, D. J., Koenen, K. C., & McLaughlin, K. A. (2015). Epidemiology of posttraumatic stress disorder: Prevalence, correlates and consequences. Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 28, 307–311. doi:10.1097/yco.0000000000000167
4. Atwoli, L., Stein, D. J., Williams, D. R., McLaughlin, K. A., Petukhova, M., Kessler, R. C., & Koenen, K. C. (2013). Trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder in South Africa: Analysis from the South African stress and health study. BMC Psychiatry, 13, 182. doi:10.1186/1471-244x-13-182
5. Benjet, C., Bromet, E., Karam, E. G., Kessler, R. C., McLaughlin, K. A., Ruscio, A. M., … Koenen, K. C. (2016). The epidemiology of traumatic event exposure worldwide: Results from the World Mental Health survey consortium. Psychological Medicine, 46, 327–343. doi:10.1017/s0033291715001981
6. Breslau, N., Kessler, R. C., Chilcoat, H. D., Schultz, L. R., Davis, G. C., & Andreski, P. (1998). Trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder in the community: The 1996 Detroit Area Survey of Trauma. Archives of General Psychiatry, 55, 626–632.
7. Brewin, C. R., Andrews, B., & Valentine, J. D. (2000). Meta-analysis of risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder in trauma-exposed adults. Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology, 68, 748–766.
8. Carmassi, C., Dell'Osso, L., Manni, C., Candini, V., Dagani, J., Iozzino, L., … de Girolamo, G. (2014). Frequency of trauma exposure and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Italy: Analysis from the World Mental Health survey initiative. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 59, 77–84. doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2014.09.006
9. Cozza, S. J., Fisher, J. E., Mauro, C., Zhou, J., Ortiz, C. D., Skritskaya, N., … Shear, M. K. (2016). Performance of DSM-5 persistent complex bereavement disorder criteria in a community sample of bereaved military family members. American Journal of Psychiatry, 173(9), 919–929. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2016.15111442
10. DiGangi, J. A., Gomez, D., Mendoza, L., Jason, L. A., Keys, C. B., & Koenen, K. C. (2013). Pretrauma risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder: A systematic review of the literature. Clinical Psychology Review, 33, 728–744. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2013.05.002
11. Dohrenwend, B. P., Turner, J. B., Turse, N. A., Adams, B. G., Koenen, K. C., & Marshall, R. (2006). The psychological risks of Vietnam for U.S. veterans: A revisit with new data and methods. Science, 313, 979–982. doi:10.1126/science.1128944
12. Endo, K., Yonemoto, N., & Yamada, M. (2015). Interventions for bereaved parents following a child's death: A systematic review. Palliative Medicine, 29, 590–604. doi:10.1177/0269216315576674
13. Ferry, F., Bunting, B., Murphy, S., O'Neill, S., Stein, D., & Koenen, K. (2014). Traumatic events and their relative PTSD burden in Northern Ireland: A consideration of the impact of the “Troubles.” Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 49, 435–446. doi:10.1007/s00127-013-0757-0
14. Friedman, M. J. (2013). Finalizing PTSD in DSM-5: Getting here from there and where to go next. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 26, 548–556. doi:10.1002/jts.21840
15. Galatzer-Levy, I. R., Karstoft, K. I., Statnikov, A., & Shalev, A. Y. (2014). Quantitative forecasting of PTSD from early trauma responses: A machine learning application. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 59, 68–76. doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2014.08.017
16. Gardner, M., & Altman, D. S. (2000). Statistics with confidence: Confidence intervals and statistical guidelines. London: BMJ Books.
17. Hanley, J. A., & McNeil, B. J. (1983). A method of comparing the areas under receiver operating characteristic curves derived from the same cases. Radiology, 148, 839–843. doi:10.1148/radiology.148.3.6878708
18. Harkness, J., Pennell, B.-P., Villar, A., Gebler, N., Aguilar-Gaxiola, S., & Bilgen, I. (2008). Translation procedures and translation assessment in the World Mental Health survey initiative. In R. C. Kessler & T. B. Üstün (Eds.), The WHO World Mental Health surveys: Global perspectives on the epidemiology of mental disorders (pp. 91–113). New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
19. Haro, J. M., Arbabzadeh-Bouchez, S., Brugha, T. S., de Girolamo, G., Guyer, M. E., Jin, R., … Kessler, R. C. (2006). Concordance of the composite International Diagnostic Interview Version 3.0 (CIDI 3.0) with standardized clinical assessments in the WHO World Mental Health surveys. International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research, 15, 167–180.
20. Heeringa, S. G., Hubbard, F., Mneimneh, Z. N., Chiu, W. T., Sampson, N. A., & Berglund, P. A. (2008). Sample designs and sampling procedures. In R. C. Kessler & T. B. Üstün (Eds.), The WHO World Mental Health surveys: Global perspectives on the epidemiology of mental disorders (pp. 14–32). New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
21. Karstoft, K. I., Galatzer-Levy, I. R., Statnikov, A., Li, Z., Shalev, A. Y., & Members of the Jerusalem Trauma Outreach and Prevention Study (J-TOPS) Group. (2015). Bridging a translational gap: Using machine learning to improve the prediction of PTSD. BMC Psychiatry, 15, 30. doi:10.1186/s12888-015-0399-8
22. Kawakami, N., Tsuchiya, M., Umeda, M., Koenen, K. C., & Kessler, R. C. (2014). Trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder in Japan: Results from the World Mental Health Japan survey. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 53, 157–165. doi:10.1016/jpsychires.2014.01.015; https://doi.org/10.1016/jpsychires.2014.01.015
23. Kessler, R. C., McLaughlin, K. A., Green, J. G., Gruber, M. J., Sampson, N. A., Zaslavsky, A. M., … Williams, D. R. (2010). Childhood adversities and adult psychopathology in the WHO World Mental Health surveys. British Journal of Psychiatry, 197, 378–385. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.110.080499
24. Kessler, R. C., Rose, S., Koenen, K. C., Karam, E. G., Stang, P. E., Stein, D. J., … Carmen Viana, M. (2014). How well can post-traumatic stress disorder be predicted from pre-trauma risk factors? An exploratory study in the WHO World Mental Health surveys. World Psychiatry, 13, 265–274. doi:10.1002/wps.20150
25. Kessler, R. C., & Ustun, T. B. (2004). The World Mental Health (WMH) survey initiative version of the World Health Organization (WHO) composite international diagnostic interview (CIDI). International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research, 13, 93–121.
26. Kessler, R. C., & Ustun, T. B. (Eds.). (2008). The WHO World Mental Health surveys: Global perspectives on the epidemiology of mental disorders. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
27. Keyes, K. M., Pratt, C., Galea, S., McLaughlin, K. A., Koenen, K. C., & Shear, M. K. (2014). The burden of loss: Unexpected death of a loved one and psychiatric disorders across the life course in a national study. American Journal of Psychiatry, 171, 864–871. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2014.13081132
28. Knäuper, B., Cannell, C. F., Schwarz, N., Bruce, M. L., & Kessler, R. C. (1999). Improving accuracy of major depression age-of-onset reports in the US National Comorbidity Survey. International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research, 8, 39–48.
29. Kristensen, P., Weisaeth, L., & Heir, T. (2012). Bereavement and mental health after sudden and violent losses: A review. Psychiatry, 75, 76–97. doi:10.1521/psyc.2012.75.1.76
30. Landis, J. R., & Koch, G. G. (1977). The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data. Biometrics, 33, 159–174.
31. Larsen, S. E., & Pacella, M. L. (2016). Comparing the effect of DSM-congruent traumas vs. DSM-incongruent stressors on PTSD symptoms: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 38, 37–46. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.01.001
32. Lobb, E. A., Kristjanson, L. J., Aoun, S. M., Monterosso, L., Halkett, G. K., & Davies, A. (2010). Predictors of complicated grief: A systematic review of empirical studies. Death Studies, 34, 673–698. doi: 10.1080/07481187.2010.496686
33. Maercker, A., & Znoj, H. (2010). The younger sibling of PTSD: Similarities and differences between complicated grief and posttraumatic stress disorder. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 1, doi: 10.3402/ejpt.v1i0.5558
34. Olaya, B., Alonso, J., Atwoli, L., Kessler, R. C., Vilagut, G., & Haro, J. M. (2014). Association between traumatic events and post-traumatic stress disorder: Results from the ESEMeD-Spain study. Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences,, 24, 172–183. doi:10.1017/S2045796014000092
35. Ozer, E. J., Best, S. R., Lipsey, T. L., & Weiss, D. S. (2003). Predictors of posttraumatic stress disorder and symptoms in adults: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 129, 52–73.
36. Peduzzi, P., Concato, J., Kemper, E., Holford, T. R., & Feinstein, A. R. (1996). A simulation study of the number of events per variable in logistic regression analysis. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 49, 1373–1379.
37. Pennell, B.-E., Mneimneh, Z., Bowers, A., Chardoul, S., Wells, J. E., Viana, M. C., … Vilagut, G. (2008). Implementation of the World Mental Health surveys. In R. C. Kessler & T. B. Üstün (Eds.), The WHO World Mental Health surveys: Global perspectives on the epidemiology of mental disorders (pp. 33–57). New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
38. Reed, J. F., III (2007). Better binomial confidence intervals. Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods, 6(1), 153–161.
39. Roemer, L., Litz, B. T., Orsillo, S. M., Ehlich, P. J., & Friedman, M. J. (1998). Increases in retrospective accounts of war-zone exposure over time: The role of PTSD symptom severity. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 11, 597–605. doi:10.1023/a:1024469116047
40. SAS Institute, Inc. (2008). Cary, NC: Author.
41. Scott, K. M., Al-Hamzawi, A. O., Andrade, L. H., Borges, G., Caldas-de-Almeida, J. M., Fiestas, F., … Kessler, R. C. (2014). Associations between subjective social status and DSM-IV mental disorders: Results from the World Mental Health surveys. JAMA Psychiatry, 71, 1400–1408. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2014.1337
42. Simon, N. M. (2013). Treating complicated grief. Journal of the American Medical Association, 310, 416–423. doi:10.1001/jama.2013.8614
43. Smith, G. C., Seaman, S. R., Wood, A. M., Royston, P., & White, I. R. (2014). Correcting for optimistic prediction in small data sets. American Journal of Epidemiology, 180, 318–324. doi:10.1093/aje/kwu140
44. Wolter, K. M. (1985). Introduction to variance estimation. New York, NY: Springer-Verlag.
45. World Bank (2016). Data: Countries and economies. Retrieved from http://data.worldbank.org/country
46. Zisook, S., Chentsova-Dutton, Y., & Shuchter, S. R. (1998). PTSD following bereavement. Annals of Clinical Psychiatry, 10, 157–163.
47. Zoellner, L. A., Foa, E. B., Brigidi, B. D., & Przeworski, A. (2000). Are trauma victims susceptible to “false memories?” Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 109, 517–524.
48. Zou, K. H., O'Malley, A. J., & Mauri, L. (2007). Receiver-operating characteristic analysis for evaluating diagnostic tests and predictive models. Circulation, 115, 654–657. doi:10.1161/circulationaha.105.594929