Course and outcomes of depression in the elderly

Current Psychiatry Reports

Volumn 8, Issue 1, 2006, Pages 34-40

  Kohn, Robert ^a   Epstein Lubow, Gary ^b  

^a BROWN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTIDEPRESSANT AGENT; CITALOPRAM; DULOXETINE; FLUOXETINE; FOLIC ACID; HYPERICUM PERFORATUM EXTRACT; MONOAMINE OXIDASE INHIBITOR; NORTRIPTYLINE; PAROXETINE; SEROTONIN UPTAKE INHIBITOR; SERTRALINE; TRICYCLIC ANTIDEPRESSANT AGENT; VENLAFAXINE;

AGE DISTRIBUTION; AGED; CLINICAL TRIAL; COMORBIDITY; DEMENTIA; DISEASE COURSE; DISEASE SEVERITY; ELECTROCONVULSIVE THERAPY; EVIDENCE BASED MEDICINE; GERONTOPSYCHIATRY; HUMAN; HYPERICUM PERFORATUM; MAJOR DEPRESSION; META ANALYSIS; ONSET AGE; PROGNOSIS; PSYCHOPHARMACOTHERAPY; PSYCHOTHERAPY; RECURRENCE RISK; REMISSION; REVIEW; SUICIDE; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW;

EID: 85039346948     PISSN: 15233812     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11920-006-0079-y     Document Type: Review

References (83)

1. Blazer DG: Depression in late life: review and commentary. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2003, 58:249-265.
2. Nemeroff CB, Vale WW: The neurobiology of depression: inroads to treatment and new drug discovery. J Clin Psychiatry 2005, 66(Suppl)7:5-13.
3. Steffens DC, Skoog I, Norton MC, et al.: Prevalence of depression and its treatment in an elderly population: the Cache County study. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2000, 57:601-607.
4. Mojtabai R, Olfson M: Major depression in community-dwelling middle-aged and older adults: prevalence and 2- and 4-year follow-up symptoms. Psychol Med 2004, 34:623-634.
5. Cole MG, Dendukuri N: Risk factors for depression among elderly community subjects: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Psychiatry 2003, 160:1147-1156.
6. Charney DS, Nemeroff CB, Lewis L, et al.: National Depressive and Manic-Depressive Association consensus statement on the use of placebo in clinical trials of mood disorders. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2002, 59:262-270.
7. Weismann MM, Bruce ML, Leaf PJ, et al.: Affective disorders. In Psychiatric Disorders in America: the Epidemiologic Catchment Area Study. Edited by Robins LN, Regier DA. New York: The Free Press; 1991.
8. Cole MG, Bellavance F, Mansour A: Prognosis of depression in elderly community and primary care populations: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Psychiatry 1999, 156:1182-1189.
9. Tuma TA: Outcome of hospital-treated depression at 4.5 years. An elderly and a younger adult cohort compared. Br J Psychiatry 2000, 176:224-228.
10. Stek ML, Van Exel E, Van Tilburg W, et al.: The prognosis of depression in old age: outcome six to eight years after clinical treatment. Aging Ment Health 2002, 6:282-285.
11. Livingston G, Watkin V, Milne B, et al.: The natural history of depression and the anxiety disorders in older people: the Islington community study. J Affect Disord 1997, 46:255-262.
12. Beekman AT, Geerlings SW, Deeg DJ, et al.: The natural history of late-Iife depression: a 6-year prospective study in the community. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2002, 59:605-611.
13. Henderson AS, Korten AE, Jacomb PA, et al.: The course of depression in the elderly: a longitudinal community-based study in Australia. Psychol Med 1997, 27:119-129.
14. Zanardi R, Cusin C, Rossini D, et al.: Comparison of response to fluvoxamine in nondemented elderly compared to younger patients affected by major depression. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2003, 23:535-539.
15. Fischer LR, Wei F, Solberg LI, et al.: Treatment of elderly and other adult patients for depression in primary care. J Am Geriatr Soc 2003, 51:1554-1562.
16. O'Connor MK, Knapp R, Husain M, et al.: The influence of age on the response of major depression to electroconvulsive therapy: a C.O.R.E Report. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2001, 9:382-390.
17. Meats P, Timol M, Jolley D: Prognosis of depression in the elderly. Br J Psychiatry 1991, 159:659-663.
18. Hughes DC, DeMallie D, Blazer DG: Does age make a difference in the effects of physical health and social support on the outcome of a major depressive episode? Am J Psychiatry 1993, 150:728-733.
19. Philibert RA, Richards L, Lynch CF, Winokur G: The effect of gender and age at onset of depression on mortality. J Clin Psychiatry 1997, 58:355-360.
20. Musetti L, Perugi G, Soriani A, et al.: Depression before and after age 65. A re-examination. Br J Psychiatry 1989, 155:330-336.
21. Blazer D, Hughes DC, George LK: Age and impaired subjective support. Predictors of depressive symptoms at one-year follow-up. J Nerv Ment Dis 1992, 180:172-178.
22. Alexopoulos GS, Meyers BS, Young RC, et al.: Recovery in geriatric depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1996, 53:305-312.
23. Reynolds III CF, Dew MA, Frank E, et al.: Effects of age at onset of first lifetime episode of recurrent major depression on treatment response and illness course in elderly patients. Am J Psychiatry 1998, 155:795-799.
24. Reynolds III CF, Frank E, Perel JM, et al.: Nortriptyline and interpersonal psychotherapy as maintenance therapies for recurrent major depression: a randomized controlled trial in patients older than 59 years. JAMA 1999, 281:39-45.
25. Mueller TI, Kohn R, Leventhal N, et al.: The course of depression in elderly patients. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2004, 12:22-29.
26. Tew Jr JD, Mulsant BH, Haskett RF, et al.: Acute efficacy of ECT in the treatment of major depression in the old-old. Am J Psychiatry 1999, 156:1865-1870.
27. Brodaty H, Hickie I, Mason C, Prenter L: A prospective follow-up study of ECT outcome in older depressed patients. J Affect Disord 2000, 60:101-111.
28. Mitchell AJ, Subramaniam H: Prognosis of depression in old age compared to middle age: a systematic review of comparative studies. Am J Psychiatry 2005, 162:1588-1601.
29. Alexopoulos GS, Katz IR, Bruce ML, et al.: Remission in depressed geriatric primary care patients: a report from the PROSPECT study. Am J Psychiatry 2005, 162:718-724.
30. Schoevers RA, Beekman AT, Deeg DJ, et al.: The natural history of late-life depression: results from the Amsterdam Study of the Elderly (AMSTEL). J Affect Disord 2003, 76:5-14.
31. Lenze EJ, Mulsant BH, Dew MA, et al.: Good treatment outcomes in late-life depression with comorbid anxiety. J Affect Disord 2003, 77:247-254.
32. Schoevers RA, Deeg DJ, van Tilburg W, et al.: Depression and generalized anxiety disorder: co-occurrence and longitudinal patterns in elderly patients. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2005, 13:31-39.
33. Cole MG, Bellavance F: The prognosis of depression in old age. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 1997, 5:4-14.
34. Alexopoulos GS, Kiosses DN, Murphy C, et al.: Executive dysfunction, heart disease burden, and remission of geriatric depression. Neuropsychopharmacology 2004, 29:2278-2284.
35. Salloway S, Malloy P, Kohn R, et al.: MRI and neuropsychological differences in early- and late-life-onset geriatric depression. Neurology 1996, 46:1567-1574.
36. Alexopoulos GS, Meyers BS, Young RC, et al.: 'Vascular depression' hypothesis. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1997, 54:915-922.
37. Heiden A, Kettenbach J, Fischer P, et al.: White matter hyperintensities and chronicity of depression. J Psychiatr Res 2005, 39:285-293.
38. Alexopoulos GS, Meyers BS, Young RC, et al.: Executive dysfunction and long-term outcomes of geriatric depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2000, 57:285-290.
39. Baldwin R, Jeffries S, Jackson A, et al.: Treatment response in late-onset depression: relationship to neuropsychological, neuroradiological and vascular risk factors. Psychol Med 2004, 34:125-136.
40. Alexopoulos GS, Kiosses DN, Heo M, et al.: Executive dysfunction and the course of geriatric depression. Biol Psychiatry 2005, 58:204-210.
41. Potter GG, Kittinger JD, Wagner HR, et al.: Prefrontal neuropsychological predictors of treatment remission in late-life depression. Neuropsychopharmacology 2004, 29:2266-2271.
42. Taylor WD, Doraiswamy PM: Placebo-controlled trials in geriatric depression. Neuropsychopharmacology 2004, 29:2285-2299.
43. Tollefson GD, Bosomworth JC, Heiligenstein JH, et al.: A double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial of fluoxetine in geriatric patients with major depression. The Fluoxetine Collaborative Study Group. Int Psychogeriatr 1995, 7:89-104.
44. Schneider LS, Nelson JC, Clary CM, et al.: An 8-week multicenter, parallel-group, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of sertraline in elderly outpatients with major depression. Am J Psychiatry 2003, 160:1277-1285.
45. Burrows AB, Salzman C, Satlin A, et al.: A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of paroxetine in nursing home residents with non-major depression. Depress Anxiety 2002, 15:102-110.
46. Roose SP, Sackeim HA, Krishnan KR, et al.: Antidepressant pharmacotherapy in the treatment of depression in the very old: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Am J Psychiatry 2004, 161:2050-2059.
47. Kane JM, Cole K, Sarantakos S, et al.: Safety and efficacy of bupropion in elderly patients: preliminary observations. J Clin Psychiatry 1983, 44:134-136.
48. Branconnier RJ, Cole JO, Ghazvinian S, et al.: Clinical pharmacology of bupropion and imipramine in elderly depressives. J Clin Psychiatry 1983, 44:130-133.
49. Halikas JA: Org 3770 (mirtazapine) versus trazadone: a placebo controlled trial in depressed elderly patients. Hum Psychopharmacol 1995, 10(Suppl 2):S125-S133.
50. Nelson JC, Wohlreich MM, Mallinckrodt CH, et al.: Duloxetine for the treatment of major depressive disorder in older patients. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2005, 13:227-235.
51. Wilson K, Mottram P, Sivanranthan A, Nightingale A: Anti-depressant versus placebo for depressed elderly. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2001, (2):CD000561.
52. Petrovic M, De Paepe P, Van Bortel L: Pharmacotherapy of depression in old age. Acta Clin Belg 2005, 60:150-156.
53. Van der Wurff FB, Stek ML, Hoogendijk WL, Beekman AT: Electroconvulsive therapy for the depressed elderly. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2003, (2):CD003593.
54. O'Leary DA, Gill D, Gregory S, et al.: The effectiveness of real versus simulated eiectroconvulsive therapy in depressed elderly patients. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 1994, 9:567-571.
55. Fraser RM, Glass IB: Unilateral and bilateral ECT in elderly patients. A comparative study. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1980, 62:13-31.
56. Kellner CH, Monroe Jr RR, Pritchett J, et al.: Weekly ECT in Geriatric Depression. Convuls Ther 1992, 8:245-252.
57. Little JD, Atkins MR, Munday J, et al.: Bifrontal electroconvulsive therapy in the elderly: a 2-year retrospective. J ECT. 2004, 20:139-141.
58. Huuhka M, Korpisammal L, Haataja, Leinonen E: One-year outcome of elderly inpatients with major depressive disorder treated with ECT and antidepressants. J ECT 2004, 20:179-185.
59. Areán PA, Cook BL: Psychotherapy and combined psychotherapy/pharmacotherapy for late life depression. Biol Psychiatry 2002, 52:293-303.
60. Gum A, Arean PA: Current status of psychotherapy for mental disorders in the elderly. Curr Psychiatry Rep 2004, 6:32-38.
61. Bohlmeijer E, Smit F, Cuijpers P: Effects of reminiscence and life review on late-life depression: a meta-analysis. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2003, 18:1088-1094.
62. Little JT, Reynolds III CF, Dew MA, et al.: How common is resistance to treatment in recurrent, nonpsychotic geriatric depression? Am J Psychiatry 1998, 155:1035-1038.
63. Sirey JA, Bruce ML, Alexopoulos GS: The Treatment Initiation Program: an intervention to improve depression outcomes in older adults. Am J Psychiatry 2005, 162:184-186.
64. Unützer J, Katon W, Callahan CM, et al.: Collaborative care management of late-life depression in the primary care setting: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2002, 288:2836-2845.
65. Areán PA, Ayalon L, Hunkeler E, et al.: Improving depression care for older, minority patients in primary care. Med Care 2005, 43:381-390.
66. Williams Jr JW, Katon W, Lin EH, et al.: The effectiveness of depression care management on diabetes-related outcomes in older patients. Ann Intern Med 2004, 140:1015-1024.
67. Frazer CJ, Christensen H, Griffiths KM: Effectiveness of treatments for depression in older people. Med J Aust 2005, 182:627-632.
68. Ganguli M, Dodge HH, Mulsant BH: Rates and predictors of mortality in an aging, rural, community-based cohort: the role of depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2002, 59:1046-1052.
69. Barth J, Schumacher M, Herrmann-Lingen C: Depression as a risk factor for mortality in patients with coronary heart disease: a meta-analysis. Psychosom Med 2004, 66:802-813.
70. Cuijpers P, Smit F: Excess mortality in depression: a meta-analysis of community studies. J Affect Disord 2002, 72:227-236.
71. Saz P, Dewey ME: Depression, depressive symptoms and mortality in persons aged 65 and over living in the community: a systematic review of the literature. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2001, 16:622-630.
72. Rugulies R: Depression as a predictor for coronary heart disease: a review and meta-analysis. Am J Prev Med 2002, 23:51-61.
73. Wulsin LR, Singal BM: Do depressive symptoms increase the risk for the onset of coronary disease? A systematic quantitative review. Psychosom Med 2003, 65:201-210.
74. Friedmann H, Kohn R: Exponential lethality: upper limits on suicide risk assessments. Med Health R I. 2004, 87:146-148.
75. Jorm AF: History of depression as a risk factor for dementia: an updated review. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2001, 35:776-781.
76. Hickie I, Naismith S, Ward PB, et al.: Reduced hippocampal volumes and memory loss in patients with early- and late-onset depression. Br J Psychiatry 2005, 186:197-202.
77. Andersen K, Lolk A, Kragh-Sørensen P, et al.: Depression and the risk of Alzheimer disease. Epidemiology 2005, 16:233-238.
78. Dal Forno G, Palermo MT, Donohue JE, et al.: Depressive symptoms, sex, and risk for Alzheimer's disease. Ann Neurol 2005, 57:381-387.
79. Kessing LV, Andersen PK: Does the risk of developing dementia increase with the number of episodes in patients with depressive disorder and in patients with bipolar disorder? J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2004, 75:1662-1666.
80. Green RC, Cupples LA, Kurz A, et al.: Depression as a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease: the MIRAGE Study. Arch Neurol 2003, 60:753-759.
81. Kessing LV, Nilsson FM: Increased risk of developing dementia in patients with major affective disorders compared to patients with other medical illnesses. J Affect Disord 2003, 73:261-269.
82. Dorenlot P, Harboun M, Bige V, et al.: Major depression as a risk factor for early institutionalization of dementia patients living in the community. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2005, 20:471-478.
83. Cannon-Spoor HE, Levy JA, Zubenko GS, et al.: Effects of previous major depressive illness on cognition in Alzheimer disease patients. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2005, 13:312-318.