메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 3, Issue 1, 2018, Pages 66-72

Too much medicine: overdiagnosis and overtreatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALANINE AMINOTRANSFERASE; ALPHA TOCOPHEROL; PIOGLITAZONE;

EID: 85037609209     PISSN: 24681253     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S2468-1253(17)30142-5     Document Type: Note
Times cited : (30)

References (67)
  • 1
    • 79955081373 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Overdiagnosed: making people sick in the pursuit of health
    • Beacon Press Boston, USA
    • Welch, HG, Schwartz, LM, Woloshin, S, Overdiagnosed: making people sick in the pursuit of health. 2011, Beacon Press, Boston, USA.
    • (2011)
    • Welch, H.G.1    Schwartz, L.M.2    Woloshin, S.3
  • 3
    • 84861912749 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preventing overdiagnosis: how to stop harming the healthy
    • Moynihan, R, Doust, J, Henry, D, Preventing overdiagnosis: how to stop harming the healthy. BMJ, 344, 2012, e3502.
    • (2012) BMJ , vol.344 , pp. e3502
    • Moynihan, R.1    Doust, J.2    Henry, D.3
  • 5
    • 85025070818 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence for overuse of medical services around the world
    • Brownlee, S, Chalkidou, K, Doust, J, et al. Evidence for overuse of medical services around the world. Lancet 390 (2017), 156–168.
    • (2017) Lancet , vol.390 , pp. 156-168
    • Brownlee, S.1    Chalkidou, K.2    Doust, J.3
  • 6
    • 67650082354 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of blood pressure lowering drugs in the prevention of cardiovascular disease: meta-analysis of 147 randomised trials in the context of expectations from prospective epidemiological studies
    • Law, MR, Morris, JK, Wald, NJ, Use of blood pressure lowering drugs in the prevention of cardiovascular disease: meta-analysis of 147 randomised trials in the context of expectations from prospective epidemiological studies. BMJ, 338, 2009, b1665.
    • (2009) BMJ , vol.338 , pp. b1665
    • Law, M.R.1    Morris, J.K.2    Wald, N.J.3
  • 7
    • 84960094179 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Blood pressure lowering for prevention of cardiovascular disease and death: a systematic review and meta-analysis
    • Ettehad, D, Emdin, CA, Kiran, A, et al. Blood pressure lowering for prevention of cardiovascular disease and death: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet 387 (2016), 957–967.
    • (2016) Lancet , vol.387 , pp. 957-967
    • Ettehad, D.1    Emdin, C.A.2    Kiran, A.3
  • 8
    • 84992445161 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The economic and clinical burden of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in the United States and Europe
    • Younossi, ZM, Blissett, D, Blissett, R, et al. The economic and clinical burden of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in the United States and Europe. Hepatology 64 (2016), 1577–1586.
    • (2016) Hepatology , vol.64 , pp. 1577-1586
    • Younossi, Z.M.1    Blissett, D.2    Blissett, R.3
  • 9
    • 84962661546 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • EASL-EASD-EASO Clinical Practice Guidelines for the management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
    • European Association for the Study of the Liver European Association for the Study of Diabetes, European Association for the Study of Obesity. EASL-EASD-EASO Clinical Practice Guidelines for the management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. J Hepatol 64 (2016), 1388–1402.
    • (2016) J Hepatol , vol.64 , pp. 1388-1402
  • 10
    • 2542588319 scopus 로고
    • Fatty infiltration of the liver and the development of cirrhosis in diabetes and chronic alcoholism
    • Connor, CL, Fatty infiltration of the liver and the development of cirrhosis in diabetes and chronic alcoholism. Am J Pathol 14 (1938), 347–64.9.
    • (1938) Am J Pathol , vol.14 , pp. 347-64.9
    • Connor, C.L.1
  • 11
    • 0019152816 scopus 로고
    • Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: Mayo Clinic experiences with a hitherto unnamed disease
    • Ludwig, J, Viggiano, TR, McGill, DB, Oh, BJ, Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: Mayo Clinic experiences with a hitherto unnamed disease. Mayo Clin Proc 55 (1980), 434–438.
    • (1980) Mayo Clin Proc , vol.55 , pp. 434-438
    • Ludwig, J.1    Viggiano, T.R.2    McGill, D.B.3    Oh, B.J.4
  • 12
    • 0023801758 scopus 로고
    • Alcohollike liver disease in nonalcoholics. A clinical and histologic comparison with alcohol-induced liver injury
    • Diehl, AM, Goodman, Z, Ishak, KG, Alcohollike liver disease in nonalcoholics. A clinical and histologic comparison with alcohol-induced liver injury. Gastroenterology 95 (1988), 1056–1062.
    • (1988) Gastroenterology , vol.95 , pp. 1056-1062
    • Diehl, A.M.1    Goodman, Z.2    Ishak, K.G.3
  • 13
    • 0025260531 scopus 로고
    • Fatty liver hepatitis (steatohepatitis) and obesity: an autopsy study with analysis of risk factors
    • Wanless, IR, Lentz, JS, Fatty liver hepatitis (steatohepatitis) and obesity: an autopsy study with analysis of risk factors. Hepatology 12 (1990), 1106–1110.
    • (1990) Hepatology , vol.12 , pp. 1106-1110
    • Wanless, I.R.1    Lentz, J.S.2
  • 14
    • 78650495576 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fibrosing NASH: on being a blind man in a dark room looking for a black cat (that isn't there)
    • Charlton, MR, Fibrosing NASH: on being a blind man in a dark room looking for a black cat (that isn't there). Gastroenterology 140 (2011), 25–28.
    • (2011) Gastroenterology , vol.140 , pp. 25-28
    • Charlton, M.R.1
  • 15
    • 83755178774 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and mortality among US adults: prospective cohort study
    • Lazo, M, Hernaez, R, Bonekamp, S, et al. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and mortality among US adults: prospective cohort study. BMJ, 343, 2011, d6891.
    • (2011) BMJ , vol.343 , pp. d6891
    • Lazo, M.1    Hernaez, R.2    Bonekamp, S.3
  • 16
    • 84876130551 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association between noninvasive fibrosis markers and mortality among adults with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in the United States
    • Kim, D, Kim, WR, Kim, HJ, Therneau, TM, Association between noninvasive fibrosis markers and mortality among adults with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in the United States. Hepatology 57 (2013), 1357–1365.
    • (2013) Hepatology , vol.57 , pp. 1357-1365
    • Kim, D.1    Kim, W.R.2    Kim, H.J.3    Therneau, T.M.4
  • 17
    • 84976479130 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global epidemiology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: meta-analytic assessment of prevalence, incidence, and outcomes
    • Younossi, ZM, Koenig, AB, Abdelatif, D, Fazel, Y, Henry, L, Wymer, M, Global epidemiology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: meta-analytic assessment of prevalence, incidence, and outcomes. Hepatology 64 (2016), 73–84.
    • (2016) Hepatology , vol.64 , pp. 73-84
    • Younossi, Z.M.1    Koenig, A.B.2    Abdelatif, D.3    Fazel, Y.4    Henry, L.5    Wymer, M.6
  • 18
    • 78650486196 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis among a largely middle-aged population utilizing ultrasound and liver biopsy: a prospective study
    • Williams, CD, Stengel, J, Asike, MI, et al. Prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis among a largely middle-aged population utilizing ultrasound and liver biopsy: a prospective study. Gastroenterology 140 (2011), 124–131.
    • (2011) Gastroenterology , vol.140 , pp. 124-131
    • Williams, C.D.1    Stengel, J.2    Asike, M.I.3
  • 19
    • 85017251072 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of clinically significant liver disease within the general population, as defined by non-invasive markers of liver fibrosis: a systematic review
    • Harris, R, Harman, DJ, Card, TR, Aithal, GP, Guha, IN, Prevalence of clinically significant liver disease within the general population, as defined by non-invasive markers of liver fibrosis: a systematic review. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 2 (2017), 288–297.
    • (2017) Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol , vol.2 , pp. 288-297
    • Harris, R.1    Harman, D.J.2    Card, T.R.3    Aithal, G.P.4    Guha, I.N.5
  • 20
    • 79954526933 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transient elastography as a screening tool for liver fibrosis and cirrhosis in a community-based population aged over 45 years
    • Roulot, D, Costes, JL, Buyck, JF, et al. Transient elastography as a screening tool for liver fibrosis and cirrhosis in a community-based population aged over 45 years. Gut 60 (2011), 977–984.
    • (2011) Gut , vol.60 , pp. 977-984
    • Roulot, D.1    Costes, J.L.2    Buyck, J.F.3
  • 21
    • 84952637667 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Presence of diabetes mellitus and steatosis is associated with liver stiffness in a general population: the Rotterdam study
    • Koehler, EM, Plompen, EP, Schouten, JN, et al. Presence of diabetes mellitus and steatosis is associated with liver stiffness in a general population: the Rotterdam study. Hepatology 63 (2016), 138–147.
    • (2016) Hepatology , vol.63 , pp. 138-147
    • Koehler, E.M.1    Plompen, E.P.2    Schouten, J.N.3
  • 22
    • 85016218893 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in the prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, and alcoholic liver disease among patients with cirrhosis or liver failure on the waitlist for liver transplantation
    • Goldberg, D, Ditah, IC, Saeian, K, et al. Changes in the prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, and alcoholic liver disease among patients with cirrhosis or liver failure on the waitlist for liver transplantation. Gastroenterology 152 (2017), 1090–1099.
    • (2017) Gastroenterology , vol.152 , pp. 1090-1099
    • Goldberg, D.1    Ditah, I.C.2    Saeian, K.3
  • 23
    • 84992157036 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of chronic liver disease and cirrhosis by underlying cause in understudied ethnic groups: the multiethnic cohort
    • Setiawan, VW, Stram, DO, Porcel, J, Lu, SC, Le Marchand, L, Noureddin, M, Prevalence of chronic liver disease and cirrhosis by underlying cause in understudied ethnic groups: the multiethnic cohort. Hepatology 64 (2016), 1969–1977.
    • (2016) Hepatology , vol.64 , pp. 1969-1977
    • Setiawan, V.W.1    Stram, D.O.2    Porcel, J.3    Lu, S.C.4    Le Marchand, L.5    Noureddin, M.6
  • 24
    • 67649306197 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Systematic review of risk factors for fibrosis progression in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
    • Argo, CK, Northup, PG, Al-Osaimi, AM, Caldwell, SH, Systematic review of risk factors for fibrosis progression in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. J Hepatol 51 (2009), 371–379.
    • (2009) J Hepatol , vol.51 , pp. 371-379
    • Argo, C.K.1    Northup, P.G.2    Al-Osaimi, A.M.3    Caldwell, S.H.4
  • 25
    • 22344452893 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The natural history of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a population-based cohort study
    • Adams, LA, Lymp, JF, St Sauver, J, et al. The natural history of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a population-based cohort study. Gastroenterology 129 (2005), 113–121.
    • (2005) Gastroenterology , vol.129 , pp. 113-121
    • Adams, L.A.1    Lymp, J.F.2    St Sauver, J.3
  • 26
    • 0037129380 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
    • Angulo, P, Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. N Engl J Med 346 (2002), 1221–1231.
    • (2002) N Engl J Med , vol.346 , pp. 1221-1231
    • Angulo, P.1
  • 27
    • 0028875908 scopus 로고
    • The natural history of nonalcoholic fatty liver: a follow-up study
    • Teli, MR, James, OF, Burt, AD, Bennett, MK, Day, CP, The natural history of nonalcoholic fatty liver: a follow-up study. Hepatology 22 (1995), 1714–1719.
    • (1995) Hepatology , vol.22 , pp. 1714-1719
    • Teli, M.R.1    James, O.F.2    Burt, A.D.3    Bennett, M.K.4    Day, C.P.5
  • 28
    • 84882906611 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A systematic review of follow-up biopsies reveals disease progression in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver
    • Pais, R, Charlotte, F, Fedchuk, L, et al. A systematic review of follow-up biopsies reveals disease progression in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver. J Hepatol 59 (2013), 550–556.
    • (2013) J Hepatol , vol.59 , pp. 550-556
    • Pais, R.1    Charlotte, F.2    Fedchuk, L.3
  • 29
    • 84927796763 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence of NAFLD progression from steatosis to fibrosing-steatohepatitis using paired biopsies: implications for prognosis and clinical management
    • McPherson, S, Hardy, T, Henderson, E, Burt, AD, Day, CP, Anstee, QM, Evidence of NAFLD progression from steatosis to fibrosing-steatohepatitis using paired biopsies: implications for prognosis and clinical management. J Hepatol 62 (2015), 1148–1155.
    • (2015) J Hepatol , vol.62 , pp. 1148-1155
    • McPherson, S.1    Hardy, T.2    Henderson, E.3    Burt, A.D.4    Day, C.P.5    Anstee, Q.M.6
  • 30
    • 84924938800 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fibrosis progression in nonalcoholic fatty liver vs nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of paired-biopsy studies
    • 54.e1–9
    • Singh, S, Allen, AM, Wang, Z, Prokop, LJ, Murad, MH, Loomba, R, Fibrosis progression in nonalcoholic fatty liver vs nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of paired-biopsy studies. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol, 13, 2015, 643 54.e1–9.
    • (2015) Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol , vol.13 , pp. 643
    • Singh, S.1    Allen, A.M.2    Wang, Z.3    Prokop, L.J.4    Murad, M.H.5    Loomba, R.6
  • 31
    • 84928209634 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fibrosis stage is the strongest predictor for disease-specific mortality in NAFLD after up to 33 years of follow-up
    • Ekstedt, M, Hagstrom, H, Nasr, P, et al. Fibrosis stage is the strongest predictor for disease-specific mortality in NAFLD after up to 33 years of follow-up. Hepatology 61 (2015), 1547–1554.
    • (2015) Hepatology , vol.61 , pp. 1547-1554
    • Ekstedt, M.1    Hagstrom, H.2    Nasr, P.3
  • 32
    • 84938057875 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Liver fibrosis, but no other histologic features, is associated with long-term outcomes of patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
    • 97.e10
    • Angulo, P, Kleiner, DE, Dam-Larsen, S, et al. Liver fibrosis, but no other histologic features, is associated with long-term outcomes of patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Gastroenterology, 149, 2015, 389 97.e10.
    • (2015) Gastroenterology , vol.149 , pp. 389
    • Angulo, P.1    Kleiner, D.E.2    Dam-Larsen, S.3
  • 33
    • 20044374023 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Design and validation of a histological scoring system for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
    • Kleiner, DE, Brunt, EM, Van Natta, M, et al. Design and validation of a histological scoring system for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Hepatology 41 (2005), 1313–1321.
    • (2005) Hepatology , vol.41 , pp. 1313-1321
    • Kleiner, D.E.1    Brunt, E.M.2    Van Natta, M.3
  • 34
    • 85017182930 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased risk of mortality by fibrosis stage in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: systematic review and meta-analysis
    • Dulai, PS, Singh, S, Patel, J, et al. Increased risk of mortality by fibrosis stage in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: systematic review and meta-analysis. Hepatology 65 (2017), 1557–1565.
    • (2017) Hepatology , vol.65 , pp. 1557-1565
    • Dulai, P.S.1    Singh, S.2    Patel, J.3
  • 35
    • 84880245463 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in the United States: the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994
    • Lazo, M, Hernaez, R, Eberhardt, MS, et al. Prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in the United States: the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994. Am J Epidemiol 178 (2013), 38–45.
    • (2013) Am J Epidemiol , vol.178 , pp. 38-45
    • Lazo, M.1    Hernaez, R.2    Eberhardt, M.S.3
  • 36
    • 0038281500 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relation of elevated serum alanine aminotransferase activity with iron and antioxidant levels in the United States
    • Ruhl, CE, Everhart, JE, Relation of elevated serum alanine aminotransferase activity with iron and antioxidant levels in the United States. Gastroenterology 124 (2003), 1821–1829.
    • (2003) Gastroenterology , vol.124 , pp. 1821-1829
    • Ruhl, C.E.1    Everhart, J.E.2
  • 37
    • 33646547644 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Elevated serum alanine aminotransferase activity and calculated risk of coronary heart disease in the United States
    • Ioannou, GN, Weiss, NS, Boyko, EJ, Mozaffarian, D, Lee, SP, Elevated serum alanine aminotransferase activity and calculated risk of coronary heart disease in the United States. Hepatology 43 (2006), 1145–1151.
    • (2006) Hepatology , vol.43 , pp. 1145-1151
    • Ioannou, G.N.1    Weiss, N.S.2    Boyko, E.J.3    Mozaffarian, D.4    Lee, S.P.5
  • 38
    • 84896690517 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extrahepatic complications of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
    • Armstrong, MJ, Adams, LA, Canbay, A, Syn, WK, Extrahepatic complications of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Hepatology 59 (2014), 1174–1197.
    • (2014) Hepatology , vol.59 , pp. 1174-1197
    • Armstrong, M.J.1    Adams, L.A.2    Canbay, A.3    Syn, W.K.4
  • 39
    • 84964575197 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fatty liver is an independent predictor of early carotid atherosclerosis
    • Pais, R, Giral, P, Khan, JF, et al. Fatty liver is an independent predictor of early carotid atherosclerosis. J Hepatol 65 (2016), 95–102.
    • (2016) J Hepatol , vol.65 , pp. 95-102
    • Pais, R.1    Giral, P.2    Khan, J.F.3
  • 40
    • 84996563884 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Establishing the independence and clinical importance of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease
    • Chimakurthi, CR, Rowe, IA, Establishing the independence and clinical importance of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. J Hepatol 65 (2016), 1265–1266.
    • (2016) J Hepatol , vol.65 , pp. 1265-1266
    • Chimakurthi, C.R.1    Rowe, I.A.2
  • 41
    • 84929354082 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Weight loss through lifestyle modification significantly reduces features of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
    • 78.e5
    • Vilar-Gomez, E, Martinez-Perez, Y, Calzadilla-Bertot, L, et al. Weight loss through lifestyle modification significantly reduces features of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Gastroenterology, 149, 2015, 367 78.e5.
    • (2015) Gastroenterology , vol.149 , pp. 367
    • Vilar-Gomez, E.1    Martinez-Perez, Y.2    Calzadilla-Bertot, L.3
  • 42
    • 84879136876 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Mediterranean diet improves hepatic steatosis and insulin sensitivity in individuals with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
    • Ryan, MC, Itsiopoulos, C, Thodis, T, et al. The Mediterranean diet improves hepatic steatosis and insulin sensitivity in individuals with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. J Hepatol 59 (2013), 138–143.
    • (2013) J Hepatol , vol.59 , pp. 138-143
    • Ryan, M.C.1    Itsiopoulos, C.2    Thodis, T.3
  • 43
    • 70350072281 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aerobic exercise training reduces hepatic and visceral lipids in obese individuals without weight loss
    • Johnson, NA, Sachinwalla, T, Walton, DW, et al. Aerobic exercise training reduces hepatic and visceral lipids in obese individuals without weight loss. Hepatology 50 (2009), 1105–1112.
    • (2009) Hepatology , vol.50 , pp. 1105-1112
    • Johnson, N.A.1    Sachinwalla, T.2    Walton, D.W.3
  • 44
    • 84868098172 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Screening for and management of obesity in adults: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement
    • Moyer, VA, U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Screening for and management of obesity in adults: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. Ann Intern Med 157 (2012), 373–378.
    • (2012) Ann Intern Med , vol.157 , pp. 373-378
    • Moyer, V.A.1
  • 45
    • 79951692012 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exercise and type 2 diabetes: the American College of Sports Medicine and the American Diabetes Association: joint position statement
    • Colberg, SR, Sigal, RJ, Fernhall, B, et al. Exercise and type 2 diabetes: the American College of Sports Medicine and the American Diabetes Association: joint position statement. Diabetes Care 33 (2010), e147–e167.
    • (2010) Diabetes Care , vol.33 , pp. e147-e167
    • Colberg, S.R.1    Sigal, R.J.2    Fernhall, B.3
  • 46
    • 84995620248 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD): assessment and management
    • (accessed Nov 21, 2016).
    • National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD): assessment and management. https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng49?unlid=316728709201610221215552016, July, 2016 (accessed Nov 21, 2016).
    • (2016)
  • 47
    • 85018682908 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Systematic review: current evidence in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease lacks relevance to patients with advanced fibrosis
    • published online Oct 30.
    • Parker, R, Hodson, J, Rowe, IA, Systematic review: current evidence in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease lacks relevance to patients with advanced fibrosis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2016 published online Oct 30. DOI:10.1111/jgh.13625.
    • (2016) J Gastroenterol Hepatol
    • Parker, R.1    Hodson, J.2    Rowe, I.A.3
  • 48
    • 85011344917 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pioglitazone for advanced fibrosis in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: new evidence, new challenges
    • Musso, G, Cassader, M, Paschetta, E, Gambino, R, Pioglitazone for advanced fibrosis in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: new evidence, new challenges. Hepatology 65 (2016), 1058–1061.
    • (2016) Hepatology , vol.65 , pp. 1058-1061
    • Musso, G.1    Cassader, M.2    Paschetta, E.3    Gambino, R.4
  • 50
    • 85040193942 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hospital admitted care activity
    • (accessed Nov 21, 2016).
    • NHS Digital. Hospital admitted care activity. http://content.digital.nhs.uk/searchcatalogue?q=title%3A%22Hospital+Episode+Statistics%2C+Admitted+patient+care+-+England%22&area=&size=10&sort=Relevance, 2016 (accessed Nov 21, 2016).
    • (2016)
  • 51
    • 85040180870 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The 21st century mortality files
    • (accessed Nov 21, 2016).
    • Office for National Statistics. The 21st century mortality files. https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/birthsdeathsandmarriages/deaths/datasets/the21stcenturymortalityfilesdeathsdataset, Nov 14, 2016 (accessed Nov 21, 2016).
    • (2016)
  • 52
    • 33750606061 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term follow-up of patients with NAFLD and elevated liver enzymes
    • Ekstedt, M, Franzen, LE, Mathiesen, UL, et al. Long-term follow-up of patients with NAFLD and elevated liver enzymes. Hepatology 44 (2006), 865–873.
    • (2006) Hepatology , vol.44 , pp. 865-873
    • Ekstedt, M.1    Franzen, L.E.2    Mathiesen, U.L.3
  • 53
    • 84928107331 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adult obesity and type 2 diabetes
    • Public Health England Oxford (accessed Nov 21, 2016).
    • Gatineau, M, Hancock, C, Holman, N, et al. Adult obesity and type 2 diabetes. 2014, Public Health England, Oxford https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/338934/Adult_obesity_and_type_2_diabetes_.pdf (accessed Nov 21, 2016).
    • (2014)
    • Gatineau, M.1    Hancock, C.2    Holman, N.3
  • 54
    • 84904661185 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • No significant effects of ethyl-eicosapentanoic acid on histologic features of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in a phase 2 trial
    • 84.e1
    • Sanyal, AJ, Abdelmalek, MF, Suzuki, A, Cummings, OW, Chojkier, M, No significant effects of ethyl-eicosapentanoic acid on histologic features of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in a phase 2 trial. Gastroenterology, 147, 2014, 377 84.e1.
    • (2014) Gastroenterology , vol.147 , pp. 377
    • Sanyal, A.J.1    Abdelmalek, M.F.2    Suzuki, A.3    Cummings, O.W.4    Chojkier, M.5
  • 55
    • 63849148589 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety and tolerability of pioglitazone in high-risk patients with type 2 diabetes: an overview of data from PROactive
    • Dormandy, J, Bhattacharya, M, van Troostenburg de Bruyn, AR, on behalf of the PROactive investigators. Safety and tolerability of pioglitazone in high-risk patients with type 2 diabetes: an overview of data from PROactive. Drug Saf 32 (2009), 187–202.
    • (2009) Drug Saf , vol.32 , pp. 187-202
    • Dormandy, J.1    Bhattacharya, M.2    van Troostenburg de Bruyn, A.R.3
  • 56
    • 84884177799 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antioxidant supplements to prevent mortality
    • Bjelakovic, G, Nikolova, D, Gluud, C, Antioxidant supplements to prevent mortality. JAMA 310 (2013), 1178–1179.
    • (2013) JAMA , vol.310 , pp. 1178-1179
    • Bjelakovic, G.1    Nikolova, D.2    Gluud, C.3
  • 57
    • 14944359304 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Labelling chronic illness in primary care: a good or a bad thing?
    • Bedson, J, McCarney, R, Croft, P, Labelling chronic illness in primary care: a good or a bad thing?. Br J Gen Pract 54 (2004), 932–938.
    • (2004) Br J Gen Pract , vol.54 , pp. 932-938
    • Bedson, J.1    McCarney, R.2    Croft, P.3
  • 58
    • 84874104840 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decrease in health-related quality of life associated with awareness of hepatitis C virus infection among people who inject drugs in Scotland
    • McDonald, SA, Hutchinson, SJ, Palmateer, NE, et al. Decrease in health-related quality of life associated with awareness of hepatitis C virus infection among people who inject drugs in Scotland. J Hepatol 58 (2013), 460–466.
    • (2013) J Hepatol , vol.58 , pp. 460-466
    • McDonald, S.A.1    Hutchinson, S.J.2    Palmateer, N.E.3
  • 59
    • 84948383265 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Economic and quality-of-life implications of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
    • Younossi, ZM, Henry, L, Economic and quality-of-life implications of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Pharmacoeconomics 33 (2015), 1245–1253.
    • (2015) Pharmacoeconomics , vol.33 , pp. 1245-1253
    • Younossi, Z.M.1    Henry, L.2
  • 60
    • 84921419023 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is widespread screening for hepatitis C justified?
    • Koretz, RL, Lin, KW, Ioannidis, JP, Lenzer, J, Is widespread screening for hepatitis C justified?. BMJ, 350, 2015, g7809.
    • (2015) BMJ , vol.350 , pp. g7809
    • Koretz, R.L.1    Lin, K.W.2    Ioannidis, J.P.3    Lenzer, J.4
  • 61
    • 85016649812 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Direct targeting of risk factors significantly increases the detection of liver cirrhosis in primary care: a cross-sectional diagnostic study utilising transient elastography
    • Harman, DJ, Ryder, SD, James, MW, et al. Direct targeting of risk factors significantly increases the detection of liver cirrhosis in primary care: a cross-sectional diagnostic study utilising transient elastography. BMJ Open, 5, 2015, e007516.
    • (2015) BMJ Open , vol.5 , pp. e007516
    • Harman, D.J.1    Ryder, S.D.2    James, M.W.3
  • 62
    • 84922466027 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cost-effectiveness of non-invasive methods for assessment and monitoring of liver fibrosis and cirrhosis in patients with chronic liver disease: systematic review and economic evaluation
    • v–vi.
    • Crossan, C, Tsochatzis, EA, Longworth, L, et al. Cost-effectiveness of non-invasive methods for assessment and monitoring of liver fibrosis and cirrhosis in patients with chronic liver disease: systematic review and economic evaluation. Health Technol Assess 19 (2015), 1–409 v–vi.
    • (2015) Health Technol Assess , vol.19 , pp. 1-409
    • Crossan, C.1    Tsochatzis, E.A.2    Longworth, L.3
  • 63
    • 0021983786 scopus 로고
    • Sick individuals and sick populations
    • Rose, G, Sick individuals and sick populations. Int J Epidemiol 14 (1985), 32–38.
    • (1985) Int J Epidemiol , vol.14 , pp. 32-38
    • Rose, G.1
  • 64
    • 84955505800 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Systematic review with meta-analysis: diagnostic accuracy of transient elastography for staging of fibrosis in people with alcoholic liver disease
    • Pavlov, CS, Casazza, G, Nikolova, D, Tsochatzis, E, Gluud, C, Systematic review with meta-analysis: diagnostic accuracy of transient elastography for staging of fibrosis in people with alcoholic liver disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 43 (2016), 575–585.
    • (2016) Aliment Pharmacol Ther , vol.43 , pp. 575-585
    • Pavlov, C.S.1    Casazza, G.2    Nikolova, D.3    Tsochatzis, E.4    Gluud, C.5
  • 65
    • 84870530814 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accuracy of real-time shear wave elastography for assessing liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C: a pilot study
    • Ferraioli, G, Tinelli, C, Dal Bello, B, et al. Accuracy of real-time shear wave elastography for assessing liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C: a pilot study. Hepatology 56 (2012), 2125–2133.
    • (2012) Hepatology , vol.56 , pp. 2125-2133
    • Ferraioli, G.1    Tinelli, C.2    Dal Bello, B.3
  • 66
    • 84890547086 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Limited value of plasma cytokeratin-18 as a biomarker for NASH and fibrosis in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
    • Cusi, K, Chang, Z, Harrison, S, et al. Limited value of plasma cytokeratin-18 as a biomarker for NASH and fibrosis in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. J Hepatol 60 (2014), 167–174.
    • (2014) J Hepatol , vol.60 , pp. 167-174
    • Cusi, K.1    Chang, Z.2    Harrison, S.3
  • 67
    • 84859568138 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Obesity-dependent metabolic signatures associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease progression
    • Barr, J, Caballeria, J, Martinez-Arranz, I, et al. Obesity-dependent metabolic signatures associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease progression. J Proteome Res 11 (2012), 2521–2532.
    • (2012) J Proteome Res , vol.11 , pp. 2521-2532
    • Barr, J.1    Caballeria, J.2    Martinez-Arranz, I.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.