The association between antibodies to neurotropic pathogens and schizophrenia: A case-control study

npj Schizophrenia

Volumn 1, Issue 1, 2015, Pages

  De Witte, Lot D ^a   Van Mierlo, Hans C ^a   Litjens, Manja ^a   Klein, Hans C ^b   Bahn, Sabine ^c   Osterhaus, Ab D ^d  

^a UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER UTRECHT   (Netherlands)

^b UNIVERSITY OF GRONINGEN   (Netherlands)

^c UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE   (United Kingdom)

^d ERASMUS MEDICAL CENTER   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CYTOMEGALOVIRUS ANTIBODY; IMMUNOGLOBULIN G ANTIBODY; VIRUS ANTIBODY;

ADULT; ANTIBODY TITER; ARTICLE; BLOOD SAMPLING; CONTROLLED STUDY; CYTOMEGALOVIRUS; DSM-IV; ENZYME LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY; EPSTEIN BARR VIRUS; EXPOSURE; FEMALE; GENETIC RISK; HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS 2; HUMAN; HUMAN ALPHAHERPESVIRUS 1; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MULTICENTER STUDY; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SCHIZOPHRENIA SPECTRUM DISORDER; SEROPREVALENCE; TOXOPLASMA GONDII; VARICELLA ZOSTER VIRUS; VIRUS REACTIVATION; VIRUS REPLICATION;

EID: 85030626822     PISSN: None     EISSN: 2334265X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/npjschz.2015.41     Document Type: Article

References (29)

1. Yolken RH, Torrey EF. Are some cases of psychosis caused by microbial agents? A review of the evidence. Mol Psychiatry 2008; 13: 470-479.
2. DeLisi LE, Crow TJ. Is schizophrenia a viral or immunologic disorder? Psychiatr Clin North Am 1986; 9: 115-132.
3. Ripke S, Neale BM, Corvin A, Walters JTR, Farh K-H, Holmans PA et al. Biological insights from 108 schizophrenia-Associated genetic loci. Nature 2014; 511: 421-427.
4. The Network and Pathway Analysis Subgroup of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium. Psychiatric genome-wide association study analyses implicate neuronal, immune and histone pathways. Nat Neurosci 2015; 18: 199-209.
5. Carter CJ. Schizophrenia susceptibility genes directly implicated in the life cycles of pathogens: Cytomegalovirus, influenza, herpes simplex, rubella, and Toxoplasma gondii. Schizophr Bull 2009; 35: 1163-1182.
6. Khandaker GM, Zimbron J, Lewis G, Jones PB. Prenatal maternal infection, neurodevelopment and adult schizophrenia: a systematic review of population-based studies. Psychol Med 2012; 43: 1-19.
7. Khandaker GM, Zimbron J, Dalman C, Lewis G, Jones PB. Childhood infection and adult schizophrenia: A meta-Analysis of population-based studies. Schizophr Res 2012; 139: 161-168.
8. Torrey EF, Miller J, Rawlings R, Yolken RH. Seasonality of births in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: a review of the literature. Schizophr Res 1997; 28: 1-38.
9. Vassos E, Pedersen CB, Murray RM, Collier DA, Lewis CM. Meta-Analysis of the association of urbanicity with schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 2012; 38: 1118-1123.
10. Steiner I. Human herpes viruses latent infection in the nervous system. Immunol Rev 1996; 152: 157-173.
11. Market E, Papavasiliou FN. V(D)J recombination and the evolution of the adaptive immune system. PLoS Biol 2003; 1: 24-27.
12. Torrey EF, Bartko JJ, Yolken RH. Toxoplasma gondii and other risk factors for schizophrenia: An update. Schizophr Bull 2012; 38: 642-647.
13. Arias I, Sorlozano A, Villegas E, Luna JDD, McKenney K, Cervilla J et al. Infectious agents associated with schizophrenia: A meta-Analysis. Schizophr Res 2012; 136: 128-136.
14. Gutiérrez-Fernández J, Luna del Castillo J de D, Carrillo-Ávila JA, Gutiérrez B, Cervilla J, Sorlózano-Puerto A et al. Different presence of Chlamydia pneumoniae, herpes simplex virus type 1, human herpes virus 6, and Toxoplasma gondii in schizophrenia: meta-Analysis and analytical study. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2015; 11: 843-852.
15. Korver N, Quee PJ, Boos HBM, Simons CJP, de Haan L. Genetic Risk and Outcome of Psychosis (GROUP), a multi site longitudinal cohort study focused on geneenvironment interaction: objectives, sample characteristics, recruitment and assessment methods. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res 2012; 21: 205-221.
16. Andreasen NC, Flaum M, Arndt S. The Comprehensive Assessment of Symptoms and History (CASH). An instrument for assessing diagnosis and psychopathology. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1992; 49: 615-623.
17. Wing JK, Babor T, Brugha T, Burke J, Cooper JE, Giel R et al. SCAN. Schedules for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1990; 47: 589-593.
18. Van Nierop M, Janssens M, Bruggeman R, Cahn W, De Haan L, Kahn RS et al. Evidence that transition from health to psychotic disorder can be traced to semiubiquitous environmental effects operating against background genetic risk. PLoS One 2013; 8: e76690.
19. Mortensen PB, Pedersen CB, Hougaard DM, Nørgaard-Petersen B, Mors O, Børglum AD et al. A Danish National Birth Cohort study of maternal HSV-2 antibodies as a risk factor for schizophrenia in their offspring. Schizophr Res 2010; 122: 257-263.
20. Sutterland AL, Fond G, Kuin A, Koeter MWJ, Lutter R, van Gool T et al. Beyond the association. Toxoplasma gondii in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and addiction: systematic review and meta-Analysis. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2015; 132: 161-179.
21. Dickerson F, Stallings C, Origoni A, Vaughan C, Katsafanas E, Khushalani S et al. Antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii in individuals with mania. Bipolar Disord 2014; 16: 129-136.
22. Hayes LN, Severance EG, Leek JT, Gressitt KL, Rohleder C, Coughlin JM et al. Inflammatory Molecular Signature Associated With Infectious Agents in Psychosis. Schizophr Bull 2014; 40: 963-972.
23. Li Y, Weber NS, Fisher JA, Yolken RH, Cowan DN, Larsen RA et al. Association between antibodies to multiple infectious and food antigens and new onset schizophrenia among US military personnel. Schizophr Res 2013; 151: 36-42.
24. Khademvatan S, Khajeddin N, Izadi S, Yousefi E. Investigation of Anti-Toxocara and Anti-Toxoplasma Antibodies in Patients with Schizophrenia Disorder. Schizophr Res Treatment 2014; 2014: 1-7.
25. Pearce BD, Hubbard S, Rivera HN, Wilkins PP, Fisch MC, Hopkins MH et al. Toxoplasma gondii exposure affects neural processing speed as measured by acoustic startle latency in schizophrenia and controls. Schizophr Res 2013; 150: 258-261.
26. Yuksel P, Alpay N, Babur C, Bayar R, Saribas S, Karakose AR et al. The role of latent toxoplasmosis in the aetiopathogenesis of schizophrenia-The risk factor or an indication of a contact with cat? Folia Parasitol (Praha) 2010; 57: 121-128.
27. Watson AMM, Prasad KM, Klei L, Wood JA, Yolken RH, Gur RC et al. Persistent infection with neurotropic herpes viruses and cognitive impairment. Psychol Med 2012; 2: 1-9.
28. Canuti M, Buka S, Jazaeri Farsani SM, Oude Munnink BB, Jebbink MF, van Beveren NJM et al. Reduced maternal levels of common viruses during pregnancy predict offspring psychosis: Potential role of enhanced maternal immune activity? Schizophr Res 2015; 166: 248-254.
29. Basta S, Bennink JR. A survival game of hide and seek: cytomegaloviruses and MHC class I antigen presentation pathways. Viral Immunol 2003; 16: 231-242.