Childhood infection and adult schizophrenia: A meta-analysis of population-based studies

Schizophrenia Research

Volumn 139, Issue 1-3, 2012, Pages 161-168

  Khandaker, Golam M ^a,b   Zimbron, Jorge ^a,b   Dalman, Christina ^c   Lewis, Glyn ^d   Jones, Peter B ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE   (United Kingdom)

^b CAMBRIDGESHIRE AND PETERBOROUGH NHS FOUNDATION TRUST   (United Kingdom)

^c KAROLINSKA INSTITUTE   (Sweden)

^d UNIVERSITY OF BRISTOL   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Adult; Central Nervous System; Childhood; Illness; Infection; Inflammation; Meningitis; Meta analysis; Neurodevelopment; Psychotic Disorders; Schizophrenia

Indexed keywords

ADULTHOOD; ARTICLE; BACTERIAL INFECTION; CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM INFECTION; CHILDHOOD DISEASE; CHILDHOOD INFECTION; HUMAN; INFECTION; POPULATION RESEARCH; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PSYCHOSIS; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK FACTOR; SCHIZOPHRENIA; STATISTICAL ANALYSIS; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW; VIRUS INFECTION;

AFFECTIVE DISORDERS, PSYCHOTIC; CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM INFECTIONS; COMMUNITY HEALTH PLANNING; DATABASES, BIBLIOGRAPHIC; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; ODDS RATIO; RISK FACTORS; SCHIZOPHRENIA;

EID: 84863782741     PISSN: 09209964     EISSN: 15732509     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2012.05.023     Document Type: Article

References (45)

1. Abrahao A.L., Focaccia R., Gattaz W.F. Childhood meningitis increases the risk for adult schizophrenia. World J. Biol. Psychiatry 2005, 6(Suppl. 2):44-48.
2. Bayer T.A., Falkai P., Maier W. Genetic and non-genetic vulnerability factors in schizophrenia: the basis of the "two hit hypothesis". J. Psychiatr. Res. 1999, 33(6):543-548.
3. Brown A.S., Derkits E.J. Prenatal infection and schizophrenia: a review of epidemiologic and translational studies. Am. J. Psychiatry 2010, 167(3):261-280.
4. Brown A.S., Cohen P., Harkavy-Friedman J., Babulas V., Malaspina D., Gorman J.M., Susser E.S. A.E. Bennett Research Award. Prenatal rubella, premorbid abnormalities, and adult schizophrenia. Biol. Psychiatry 2001, 49(6):473-486.
5. Brown A.S., Hooton J., Schaefer C.A., Zhang H., Petkova E., Babulas V., Perrin M., Gorman J.M., Susser E.S. Elevated maternal interleukin-8 levels and risk of schizophrenia in adult offspring. Am. J. Psychiatry 2004, 161(5):889-895.
6. Buka S.L., Tsuang M.T., Torrey E.F., Klebanoff M.A., Wagner R.L., Yolken R.H. Maternal cytokine levels during pregnancy and adult psychosis. Brain Behav. Immun. 2001, 15(4):411-420.
7. Cannon T.D., Bearden C.E., Hollister J.M., Rosso I.M., Sanchez L.E., Hadley T. Childhood cognitive functioning in schizophrenia patients and their unaffected siblings: a prospective cohort study. Schizophr. Bull. 2000, 26(2):379-393.
8. Cannon M., Caspi A., Moffitt T.E., Harrington H., Taylor A., Murray R.M., Poulton R. Evidence for early-childhood, pan-developmental impairment specific to schizophreniform disorder: results from a longitudinal birth cohort. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 2002, 59(5):449-456.
9. Cannon M., Jones P.B., Murray R.M. Obstetric complications and schizophrenia: historical and meta-analytic review. Am. J. Psychiatry 2002, 159(7):1080-1092.
10. Christie D., Viner R.M., Knox K., Coen P.G., Wang H., El Bashir H., Legood R., Patel B.C., Booy R. Long-term outcomes of pneumococcal meningitis in childhood and adolescence. Eur. J. Pediatr. 2011, 170(8):997-1006.
11. Dalman C., Allebeck P., Gunnell D., Harrison G., Kristensson K., Lewis G., Lofving S., Rasmussen F., Wicks S., Karlsson H. Infections in the CNS during childhood and the risk of subsequent psychotic illness: a cohort study of more than one million Swedish subjects. Am. J. Psychiatry 2008, 165(1):59-65.
12. Dantzer R., O'Connor J.C., Freund G.G., Johnson R.W., Kelley K.W. From inflammation to sickness and depression: when the immune system subjugates the brain. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 2008, 9(1):46-56.
13. de Graaf-Peters V.B., Hadders-Algra M. Ontogeny of the human central nervous system: what is happening when. Early Hum. Dev. 2006, 82:257-266.
14. DeLisi L.E. Is there a viral or immune dysfunction etiology to schizophrenia? Re-evaluation a decade later. Schizophr. Res. 1996, 22(1):1-4.
15. Eaton W.W., Chen C.-Y., Bromet E.J. Epidemiology of schizophrenia. Textbook of Psychiatric Epidemiology 2011, 263-287. Wiley-Blackwell, Chichester. 3rd ed. M.T. Tsuang, M. Tohen, P.B. Jones (Eds.).
16. Egger M., Smith D.G., Altman D.G. Systematic Reviews in Health Care: Meta-Analysis in Context 2001, BMJ, London.
17. Gattaz W.F., Abrahao A.L., Foccacia R. Childhood meningitis, brain maturation and the risk of psychosis. Eur. Arch. Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci. 2004, 254(1):23-26.
18. Hickie I.B., Banati R., Stewart C.H., Lloyd A.R. Are common childhood or adolescent infections risk factors for schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders?. Med. J. Aust. 2009, 190(4 Suppl.):S17-S21.
19. Higgins J.P., Thompson S.G., Deeks J.J., Altman D.G. Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses. BMJ 2003, 327(7414):557-560.
20. Jones P., Rodgers B., Murray R., Marmot M. Child development risk factors for adult schizophrenia in the British 1946 birth cohort. Lancet 1994, 344(8934):1398-1402.
21. Jorgensen L., Ahlbom A., Allebeck P., Dalman C. The Stockholm non-affective psychoses study (snaps): the importance of including out-patient data in incidence studies. Acta Psychiatr. Scand. 2010, 121(5):389-392.
22. Julkunen I., Koskiniemi M., Lehtokoski-Lehtiniemi E., Sainio K., Vaheri A. Chronic mumps virus encephalitis. Mumps antibody levels in cerebrospinal fluid. J. Neuroimmunol. 1985, 8(2-3):167-175.
23. Khandaker G.M., Jones P.B. Cognitive and functional impairment after severe sepsis. JAMA 2011, 305(7):673-674. (author reply 674).
24. Khandaker G.M., Barnett J.H., White I.R., Jones P.B. A quantitative meta-analysis of population-based studies of premorbid intelligence and schizophrenia. Schizophr. Res. 2011, 132(2-3):220-227.
25. Khandaker G.M., Dibben C.R., Jones P.B. Does maternal body mass index during pregnancy influence risk of schizophrenia in the adult offspring?. Obes. Rev. 2011, 10.1111/j.1467-789X.2011.00971.x.
26. Khandaker G.M., Zimbron J., Lewis G., Jones P.B. Prenatal maternal infection, neurodevelopment and adult schizophrenia: a systematic review of population-based studies. Psychol. Med. FirstView 2012, 1-19. 10.1017/S0033291712000736.
27. Khandaker, G., Zurynski, Y., Buttery, J., Marshall, H., Richmond, P.C., Dale, R.C., Royle, J., Gold, M., Snelling, T., Whitehead, B., Jones, C., Heron, L., McCaskill, M., Macartney, K., Elliott, E.J., Booy, R., in press. Neurologic complications of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09: surveillance in 6 pediatric hospitals. Neurol.
28. Kirkbride, J.B., Errazuriz, A., Croudace, T.J., Morgan, C., Jackson, D., Boydell, J, Murray, R.M., Jones, P,B., 2012. Incidence of Schizophrenia and Other Psychoses in England, 1950-2009: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses. PLoS ONE 7 (3), e31660. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0031660.
29. Koponen H., Rantakallio P., Veijola J., Jones P., Jokelainen J., Isohanni M. Childhood central nervous system infections and risk for schizophrenia. Eur. Arch. Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci. 2004, 254(1):9-13.
30. Leask S.J., Done D.J., Crow T.J. Adult psychosis, common childhood infections and neurological soft signs in a national birth cohort. Br. J. Psychiatry 2002, 181:387-392.
31. Maynard T.M., Sikich L., Lieberman J.A., LaMantia A.S. Neural development, cell-cell signaling, and the "two-hit" hypothesis of schizophrenia. Schizophr. Bull. 2001, 27(3):457-476.
32. Mednick S.A., Machon R.A., Huttunen M.O., Bonett D. Adult schizophrenia following prenatal exposure to an influenza epidemic. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 1988, 45(2):189-192.
33. Murray R.M., Lewis S.W. Is schizophrenia a neurodevelopmental disorder?. Br. Med. J. (Clin. Res. Ed.) 1987, 295(6600):681-682.
34. Pelon W., Villarejos V.M., Rhim J.S., Payne F.J. Coxsackie group B virus infection and acute diarrhoea occurring among children in Costa Rica. Archieves Dis. Child. 1996, 41(220):636-641.
35. Potvin S., Stip E., Sepehry A.A., Gendron A., Bah R., Kouassi E. Inflammatory cytokine alterations in schizophrenia: a systematic quantitative review. Biol. Psychiatry 2008, 63(8):801-808.
36. Rantakallio P., Lapinleimu K., Mantyjarvi R. Coxsacke B5 outbreak in a newborn nursery with 17 cases of serious meningitis. Scand. J. Infect. Dis. 1970, 2:17-23.
37. Rantakallio P., Jones P., Moring J., Von Wendt L. Association between central nervous system infections during childhood and adult onset schizophrenia and other psychoses: a 28-year follow-up. Int. J. Epidemiol. 1997, 26(4):837-843.
38. Reichenberg A., Yirmiya R., Schuld A., Kraus T., Haack M., Morag A., Pollmacher T. Cytokine-associated emotional and cognitive disturbances in humans. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 2001, 58(5):445-452.
39. Remington J.S., Klein J.O., Wilson G.B., Baker C.J. Infectious Diseases of the Fetus and Newborn Infant 2006, Elsevier Saunders, Philadelphia. 6th ed.
40. Stefansson H., Ophoff R.A., Steinberg S., Andreassen O.A., Cichon S., Rujescu D., Werge T., Pietilainen O.P., Mors O., Mortensen P.B., Sigurdsson E., Gustafsson O., Nyegaard M., Tuulio-Henriksson A., Ingason A., Hansen T., Suvisaari J., Lonnqvist J., Paunio T., Borglum A.D., Hartmann A., Fink-Jensen A., Nordentoft M., Hougaard D., Norgaard-Pedersen B., Bottcher Y., Olesen J., Breuer R., Moller H.J., Giegling I., Rasmussen H.B., Timm S., Mattheisen M., Bitter I., Rethelyi J.M., Magnusdottir B.B., Sigmundsson T., Olason P., Masson G., Gulcher J.R., Haraldsson M., Fossdal R., Thorgeirsson T.E., Thorsteinsdottir U., Ruggeri M., Tosato S., Franke B., Strengman E., Kiemeney L.A., Melle I., Djurovic S., Abramova L., Kaleda V., Sanjuan J., de Frutos R., Bramon E., Vassos E., Fraser G., Ettinger U., Picchioni M., Walker N., Toulopoulou T., Need A.C., Ge D., Yoon J.L., Shianna K.V., Freimer N.B., Cantor R.M., Murray R., Kong A., Golimbet V., Carracedo A., Arango C., Costas J., Jonsson E.G., Terenius L., Agartz I., Petursson H., Nothen M.M., Rietschel M., Matthews P.M., Muglia P., Peltonen L., St Clair D., Goldstein D.B., Stefansson K., Collier D.A. Common variants conferring risk of schizophrenia. Nature 2009, 460(7256):744-747.
41. Suvisaari J., Mautemps N., Haukka J., Hovi T., Lonnqvist J. Childhood central nervous system viral infections and adult schizophrenia. Am. J. Psychiatry 2003, 160(6):1183-1185.
42. Tecle T., Johansson B., Jejcic A., Forsgren M., Orvell C. Characterization of three co-circulating genotypes of the small hydrophobic protein gene of mumps virus. J. Gen. Virol. 1998, 79(Pt 12):2929-2937.
43. Weinberger D.R. Implications of normal brain development for the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 1987, 44(7):660-669.
44. Weiser M., Werbeloff N., Levine A., Livni G., Schreiber S., Halperin D., Yoffe R., Davidson M. CNS infection in childhood does not confer risk for later schizophrenia: a case-control study. Schizophr. Res. 2010, 124(1-3):231-235.
45. Wells G.A., Shea B., O'Connell D., Peterson J., Welch V., Tugwell P. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for Assessing the Quality of Nonrandomised Studies in Meta-Analyses. 3rd Symposium on Systematic Reviews: Beyond the Basics., Oxford 2000.