Probiotic guidelines and physician practice: A cross-sectional survey and overview of the literature

Beneficial Microbes

Volumn 8, Issue 4, 2017, Pages 507-519

  Draper, K ^a   Ley, C ^a   Parsonnet, J ^a  

^a STANFORD UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

Alternative; Complementary; Microbiome

Indexed keywords

PROBIOTIC AGENT;

ADULT; ANTIBIOTIC ASSOCIATED DIARRHEA; ARTICLE; BACTERIAL STRAIN; CLINICAL PRACTICE; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY; DIETARY SUPPLEMENT; DRUG CHOICE; DRUG EFFECT; DRUG INDICATION; ELECTRONIC MEDICAL RECORD; FEMALE; GASTROENTEROLOGIST; HUMAN; LACTOBACILLUS; MALE; NONHUMAN; PHYSICIAN; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; PRESCRIPTION; WOMEN'S HEALTH; PSYCHOLOGY; STANDARDS; STATISTICS AND NUMERICAL DATA;

CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES; GUIDELINES AS TOPIC; HUMANS; PHYSICIANS; PRACTICE PATTERNS, PHYSICIANS'; PROBIOTICS;

EID: 85028437923     PISSN: 18762883     EISSN: 18762891     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3920/BM2016.0146     Document Type: Article

References (123)

1. Aceti, A., Gori, D., Barone, G., Callegari, M.L., Di Mauro, A., Fantini, M.P., Indrio, F., Maggio, L., Meneghin, F., Morelli, L., Zuccotti, G. and Corvaglia, L., 2015. Probiotics for prevention of necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants: systematic review and meta-analysis. Italian Journal of Pediatrics 41: 89
2. Ahmadi, E., Alizadeh-Navaei, R. and Rezai, M.S., 2015. Efficacy of probiotic use in acute rotavirus diarrhea in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Caspian Journal of Internal Medicine
3. AlFaleh, K. and Anabrees, J., 2014. Probiotics for prevention of necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews: CD005496
4. Allen, S.J., Martinez, E.G. Gregorio, G.V. and Dans, L.F., 2010. Probiotics for treating acute infectious diarrhoea. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews: CD003048
5. Allen, S.J., Wareham, K., Wang, D., Bradley, C., Hutchings, H., Harris, W., Dhar, A., Brown, H., Foden, A., Gravenor, M.B. and Mack, D., 2013. Lactobacilli and bifidobacteria in the prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea and Clostridium difficile diarrhoea in older inpatients (PLACIDE): a randomised, double-blind, placebocontrolled, multicentre trial. The Lancet 382: 1249-1257
6. Anabrees, J., Indrio, F., Paes, B. and AlFaleh, K., 2013. Probiotics for infantile colic: a systematic review. BMC Pediatrics 13: 186
7. Athalye-Jape, G., Deshpande, G., Rao, S. and Patole, S., 2014. Benefits of probiotics on enteral nutrition in preterm neonates: a systematic review. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 100: 1508-1519
8. Athalye-Jape, G., Rao, S. and Patole, S., 2015. Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 as a probiotic for preterm neonates: a strain-specific systematic review. Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition 40: 783-794
9. Avadhani, A. and Miley, H., 2011. Probiotics for prevention of antibioticassociated diarrhea and Clostridium difficile-associated disease in hospitalized adults-a meta-analysis. Journal of the American Academy of Nurse Practitioners 23: 269-274
10. Azad, M.B., Coneys, J.G., Kozyrskyj, A.L., Field, C.J., Ramsey, C.D., Becker, A.B., Friesen, C., Abou-Setta, A.M. and Zarychanski, R., 2013. Probiotic supplementation during pregnancy or infancy for the prevention of asthma and wheeze: systematic review and metaanalysis. BMJ 347: f6471
11. Baucells, B.J., Mercadal Hally, M., Alvarez Sanchez, A.T. and Figueras Aloy, J., 2015. Asociaciones de probióticos para la prevención de la enterocolitis necrosante y la reducción de la sepsis tardía y la mortalidad neonatal en recién nacidos pretérmino de menos de 1500 g: una revisión sistemática [Probiotic associations in the prevention of necrotising enterocolitis and the reduction of late-onset sepsis and neonatal mortality in preterm infants under 1, 500 g: a systematic review]. Anales de Pediatría 85: 247-255
12. Bernardo, W.M., Aires, F.T., Carneiro, R.M., Sa, F.P., Rullo, V.E. and Burns, D.A., 2013. Effectiveness of probiotics in the prophylaxis of necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm neonates: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Jornal de Pediatría 89: 18-24
13. Bo, L., Li, J., Tao, T., Bai, Y., Ye, X., Hotchkiss, R.S., Kollef, M.H., Crooks, N.H. and Deng, X., 2014. Probiotics for preventing ventilatorassociated pneumonia. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews: CD009066
14. Boyle, R.J., Bath-Hextall, F.J., Leonardi-Bee, J., Murrell, D.F. and Tang, M.L., 2008. Probiotics for treating eczema. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews: CD006135
15. Butterworth, A.D., Thomas, A.G. and Akobeng, A.K., 2008. Probiotics for induction of remission in Crohn's disease. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews: CD006634
16. Cao, L., Wang, L., Yang, L., Tao, S., Xia, R. and Fan, W., 2015. Longterm effect of early-life supplementation with probiotics on preventing atopic dermatitis: a meta-analysis. Journal of Dermatological Treatments 26: 537-540
17. Clarke, T.C., Black, L.I., Stussman, B.J., Barnes, P.M. and Nahin, R.L., 2015. Trends in the use of complementary health approaches among adults: United States, 2002-2012. National Health Status Report: 1-16
18. Cohen, S.H., Gerding, D.N., Johnson, S., Kelly, C.P., Loo, V.G., McDonald, L.C., Pepin, J. and Wilcox, M.H., 2010. Clinical practice guidelines for Clostridium difficile infection in adults: 2010 update by the society for healthcare epidemiology of America (SHEA) and the infectious diseases society of America (IDSA). Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology 31: 431-455
19. Cremonini, F., Di Caro, S., Nista, E.C., Bartolozzi, F., Capelli, G., Gasbarrini, G. and Gasbarrini, A., 2002. Meta-analysis: the effect of probiotic administration on antibiotic-associated diarrhoea. Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics 16: 1461-1467
20. Cuello-Garcia, C.A., Brozek, J.L., Fiocchi, A., Pawankar, R., Yepes-Nunez, J.J., Terracciano, L., Gandhi, S., Agarwal, A., Zhang, Y. and Schunemann, H.J., 2015. Probiotics for the prevention of allergy: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 136: 952-961
21. Dang, Y., Reinhardt, J.D., Zhou, X. and Zhang, G., 2014. The effect of probiotics supplementation on Helicobacter pylori eradication rates and side effects during eradication therapy: a meta-analysis. PLoS ONE 9: e111030
22. Deshpande, G., Rao, S., Patole, S. and Bulsara, M., 2010. Updated meta-analysis of probiotics for preventing necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm neonates. Pediatrics 125: 921-930
23. Didari, T., Mozaffari, S., Nikfar, S. and Abdollahi, M., 2015. Effectiveness of probiotics in irritable bowel syndrome: Updated systematic review with meta-analysis. World Journal of Gastroenterology 21: 3072-3084
24. Dimidi, E., Christodoulides, S., Fragkos, K.C., Scott, S.M. and Whelan, K., 2014. The effect of probiotics on functional constipation in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 100: 1075-1084
25. Dinleyici, E.C., Eren, M., Ozen, M., Yargic, Z.A. and Vandenplas, Y., 2012. Effectiveness and safety of Saccharomyces boulardii for acute infectious diarrhea. Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy 12: 395-410
26. Doege, K., Grajecki, D., Zyriax, B.C., Detinkina, E., Zu Eulenburg, C. and Buhling, K.J., 2012. Impact of maternal supplementation with probiotics during pregnancy on atopic eczema in childhood-a meta-analysis. British Journal of Nutrition 107: 1-6
27. Doherty, G., Bennett, G., Patil, S., Cheifetz, A. and Moss, A.C., 2009. Interventions for prevention of post-operative recurrence of Crohn's disease. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews: CD006873
28. Doron, S.I., Hibberd, P.L. and Gorbach, S.L., 2008. Probiotics for prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhea. Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology 42 Suppl. 2: S58-S63
29. Eisenberg, D.M., Davis, R.B., Ettner, S.L., Appel, S., Wilkey, S., Van Rompay, M. and Kessler, R.C., 1998. Trends in alternative medicine use in the United States, 1990-1997: results of a follow-up national survey. JAMA 280: 1569-1575
30. Elazab, N., Mendy, A., Gasana, J., Vieira, E.R., Quizon, A. and Forno, E., 2013. Probiotic administration in early life, atopy, and asthma: a meta-analysis of clinical trials. Pediatrics 132: e666-676
31. Feizizadeh, S., Salehi-Abargouei, A. and Akbari, V., 2014. Efficacy and safety of Saccharomyces boulardii for acute diarrhea. Pediatrics 134: e176-191
32. Floch, M.H., 2013. Probiotic safety and risk factors. Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology 47: 375-376
33. Ford, A.C., Moayyedi, P., Lacy, B.E., Lembo, A.J., Saito, Y.A., Schiller, L.R., Soffer, E.E., Spiegel, B.M. and Quigley, E.M., 2014. American College of Gastroenterology monograph on the management of irritable bowel syndrome and chronic idiopathic constipation. American Journal of Gastroenterology 109 Suppl. 1: S2-26; quiz S27
34. Fuccio, L., Guido, A., Eusebi, L.H., Laterza, L., Grilli, D., Cennamo, V., Ceroni, L., Barbieri, E. and Bazzoli, F., 2009. Effects of probiotics for the prevention and treatment of radiation-induced diarrhea. Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology 43: 506-513
35. Goldenberg, J.Z., Lytvyn, L., Steurich, J., Parkin, P., Mahant, S. and Johnston, B.C., 2015. Probiotics for the prevention of pediatric antibiotic-associated diarrhea. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews: CD004827
36. Goldenberg, J.Z., Ma, S.S., Saxton, J.D., Martzen, M.R., Vandvik, P.O., Thorlund, K., Guyatt, G.H. and Johnston, B.C., 2013. Probiotics for the prevention of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea in adults and children. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews: CD006095
37. Gong, Y., Li, Y. and Sun, Q., 2015. Probiotics improve efficacy and tolerability of triple therapy to eradicate Helicobacter pylori: a metaanalysis of randomized controlled trials. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine 8: 6530-6543
38. Gu, W.J., Wei, C.Y. and Yin, R.X., 2012. Lack of efficacy of probiotics in preventing ventilator-associated pneumonia probiotics for ventilator-associated pneumonia: a systematic review and metaanalysis of randomized controlled trials. Chest 142: 859-868
39. Hao, Q., Dong, B.R. and Wu, T., 2015. Probiotics for preventing acute upper respiratory tract infections. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews: CD006895
40. Hauser, G., Salkic, N., Vukelic, K., JajacKnez, A. and Stimac, D., 2015. Probiotics for standard triple Helicobacter pylori eradication: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Medicine 94: e685
41. Hempel, S., Newberry, S.J., Maher, A.R., Wang, Z., Miles, J.N., Shanman, R., Johnsen, B. and Shekelle, P.G., 2012. Probiotics for the prevention and treatment of antibiotic-associated diarrhea: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA 307: 1959-1969
42. Holubar, S.D., Cima, R.R., Sandborn, W.J. and Pardi, D.S., 2010. Treatment and prevention of pouchitis after ileal pouch-anal anastomosis for chronic ulcerative colitis. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews: CD001176
43. Hoveyda, N., Heneghan, C., Mahtani, K.R., Perera, R., Roberts, N. and Glasziou, P., 2009. A systematic review and meta-analysis: probiotics in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome. BMC Gastroenterology 9: 15
44. Hu, Y., Tao, L. and Lyu, B., 2015. [A meta-analysis of probiotics for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome]. Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi. Chinese Journal of Internal Medicine 54: 445-451
45. Huang, H., Song, L. and Zhao, W., 2014. Effects of probiotics for the treatment of bacterial vaginosis in adult women: a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics 289: 1225-1234
46. Huang, J.S., Bousvaros, A., Lee, J.W., Diaz, A. and Davidson, E.J., 2002. Efficacy of probiotic use in acute diarrhea in children: a metaanalysis. Digestive Diseases and Sciences 47: 2625-2634
47. Indrio, F., Di Mauro, A., Riezzo, G., Civardi, E., Intini, C., Corvaglia, L., Ballardini, E., Bisceglia, M., Cinquetti, M., Brazzoduro, E., Del Vecchio, A., Tafuri, S. and Francavilla, R., 2014. Prophylactic use of a probiotic in the prevention of colic, regurgitation, and functional constipation: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Pediatrics 168: 228-233
48. Johnson, S., Maziade, P.J., McFarland, L.V., Trick, W., Donskey, C., Currie, B., Low, D.E. and Goldstein, E.J., 2012. Is primary prevention of Clostridium difficile infection possible with specific probiotics? International Journal of Infectious Diseases 16: e786-792
49. Johnston, B.C., Goldenberg, J.Z., Vandvik, P.O., Sun, X. and Guyatt, G.H., 2011. Probiotics for the prevention of pediatric antibioticassociated diarrhea. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews: CD004827
50. Johnston, B.C., Supina, A.L. and Vohra, S., 2006. Probiotics for pediatric antibiotic-associated diarrhea: a meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials. Canadian Medical Association Journal 175: 377-383
51. Kale-Pradhan, P.B., Jassal, H.K. and Wilhelm, S.M., 2010. Role of Lactobacillus in the prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhea: a meta-analysis. Pharmacotherapy 30: 119-126
52. Kang, E.J., Kim, S.Y., Hwang, I.H. and Ji, Y.J., 2013. The effect of probiotics on prevention of common cold: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trial studies. Korean Journal of Family Medicine 34: 2-10
53. Kim, S.O., Ah, Y.M., Yu, Y.M., Choi, K.H., Shin, W.G. and Lee, J.Y., 2014. Effects of probiotics for the treatment of atopic dermatitis: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Annals of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology 113: 217-226
54. King, S., Glanville, J., Sanders, M.E., Fitzgerald, A. and Varley, D., 2014. Effectiveness of probiotics on the duration of illness in healthy children and adults who develop common acute respiratory infectious conditions: a systematic review and meta-analysis. British Journal of Nutrition 112: 41-54
55. Kuitunen, M., Kukkonen, K., Juntunen-Backman, K., Korpela, R., Poussa, T., Tuure, T., Haahtela, T. and Savilahti, E., 2009. Probiotics prevent IgE-associated allergy until age 5 years in cesarean-delivered children but not in the total cohort. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 123: 335-341
56. Kukkonen, K., Savilahti, E., Haahtela, T., Juntunen-Backman, K., Korpela, R., Poussa, T., Tuure, T. and Kuitunen, M., 2007. Probiotics and prebiotic galacto-oligosaccharides in the prevention of allergic diseases: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 119: 192-198
57. Kumpu, M., Kekkonen, R.A., Kautiainen, H., Jarvenpaa, S., Kristo, A., Huovinen, P., Pitkaranta, A., Korpela, R. and Hatakka, K., 2012. Milk containing probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and respiratory illness in children: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 66: 1020-1023
58. Lalla, R.V., Bowen, J., Barasch, A., Elting, L., Epstein, J., Keefe, D.M., McGuire, D.B., Migliorati, C., Nicolatou-Galitis, O., Peterson, D.E., Raber-Durlacher, J.E., Sonis, S.T. and Elad, S., 2014. MASCC/ ISOO clinical practice guidelines for the management of mucositis secondary to cancer therapy. Cancer 120: 1453-1461
59. Lau, C.S. and Chamberlain, R.S., 2015. Probiotic administration can prevent necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants: a meta-analysis. Journal of Pediatric Surgery 50: 1405-1412
60. Lee, J., Seto, D. and Bielory, L., 2008. Meta-analysis of clinical trials of probiotics for prevention and treatment of pediatric atopic dermatitis. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 121: 116-121.e111
61. Li, S., Huang, X.L., Sui, J.Z., Chen, S.Y., Xie, Y.T., Deng, Y., Wang, J., Xie, L., Li, T.J., He, Y., Peng, Q.L., Qin, X. and Zeng, Z.Y., 2014. Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials on the efficacy of probiotics in Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy in children. European Journal of Pediatrics 173: 153-161
62. Liu, K.X., Zhu, Y.G., Zhang, J., Tao, L.L., Lee, J.W., Wang, X.D. and Qu, J.M., 2012. Probiotics' effects on the incidence of nosocomial pneumonia in critically ill patients: a systematic review and metaanalysis. Critical Care 16: R109
63. Liu, S., Hu, P., Du, X., Zhou, T. and Pei, X., 2013. Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG supplementation for preventing respiratory infections in children: a meta-analysis of randomized, placebocontrolled trials. Indian Pediatrics 50: 377-381
64. Lu, C., Sang, J., He, H., Wan, X., Lin, Y., Li, L., Li, Y. and Yu, C., 2016. Probiotic supplementation does not improve eradication rate of Helicobacter pylori infection compared to placebo based on standard therapy: a meta-analysis. Scientific Reports 6: 23522
65. Lv, Z., Wang, B., Zhou, X., Wang, F., Xie, Y., Zheng, H. and Lv, N., 2015. Efficacy and safety of probiotics as adjuvant agents for Helicobacter pylori infection: A meta-analysis. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 9: 707-716
66. Mallon, P., McKay, D., Kirk, S. and Gardiner, K., 2007. Probiotics for induction of remission in ulcerative colitis. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews: CD005573
67. Mansfield, J.A., Bergin, S.W., Cooper, J.R. and Olsen, C.H., 2014. Comparative probiotic strain efficacy in the prevention of eczema in infants and children: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Military Medicine 179: 580-592
68. McFarland, L.V., 2007. Meta-analysis of probiotics for the prevention of traveler's diarrhea. Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease 5: 97-105
69. McFarland, L.V., 2015. Probiotics for the primary and secondary prevention of C. difficile infections: a meta-analysis and systematic review. Antibiotics 4: 160-178
70. McGee, R.G., Bakens, A., Wiley, K., Riordan, S.M. and Webster, A.C., 2011. Probiotics for patients with hepatic encephalopathy. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews: CD008716
71. Merenstein, D., Murphy, M., Fokar, A., Hernandez, R.K., Park, H., Nsouli, H., Sanders, M.E., Davis, B.A., Niborski, V., Tondu, F. and Shara, N.M., 2010. Use of a fermented dairy probiotic drink containing Lactobacillus casei (DN-114 001) to decrease the rate of illness in kids: the DRINK study. A patient-oriented, double-blind, cluster-randomized, placebo-controlled, clinical trial. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 64: 669-677
72. Michail, S.K., Stolfi, A., Johnson, T. and Onady, G.M., 2008. Efficacy of probiotics in the treatment of pediatric atopic dermatitis: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Annals of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology 101: 508-516
73. Micklefield, G., 2014. [Saccharomyces boulardii in the treatment and prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhea]. MMW Fortschritte der Medizin 156 Suppl. 1: 18-22
74. Moayyedi, P., Ford, A.C., Talley, N.J., Cremonini, F., Foxx-Orenstein, A.E., Brandt, L.J. and Quigley, E.M., 2010. The efficacy of probiotics in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome: a systematic review. Gut 59: 325-332
75. Mugambi, M.N., Musekiwa, A., Lombard, M., Young, T. and Blaauw, R., 2012. Synbiotics, probiotics or prebiotics in infant formula for full term infants: a systematic review. Nutrition Journal 11: 81
76. Muraro, A., Halken, S., Arshad, S.H., Beyer, K., Dubois, A.E., Du Toit, G., Eigenmann, P.A., Grimshaw, K.E., Hoest, A., Lack, G., O'Mahony, L., Papadopoulos, N.G., Panesar, S., Prescott, S., Roberts, G., de Silva, D., Venter, C., Verhasselt, V., Akdis, A.C. and Sheikh, A., 2014. EAACI food allergy and anaphylaxis guidelines. Primary prevention of food allergy. Allergy 69: 590-601
77. Naidoo, K., Gordon, M., Fagbemi, A.O., Thomas, A.G. and Akobeng, A.K., 2011. Probiotics for maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews: CD007443
78. Nikfar, S., Rahimi, R., Rahimi, F., Derakhshani, S. and Abdollahi, M., 2008. Efficacy of probiotics in irritable bowel syndrome: a metaanalysis of randomized, controlled trials. Diseases of the Colon and Rectum 51: 1775-1780
79. Oduyebo, O.O., Anorlu, R.I. and Ogunsola, F.T., 2009. The effects of antimicrobial therapy on bacterial vaginosis in non-pregnant women. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews: CD006055
80. Oksanen, P.J., Salminen, S., Saxelin, M., Hämäläinen, P., Ihantola-Vormisto, A., Muurasniemi-Isoviita, L., Nikkari, S., Oksanen, T., Pörsti, I., Salminen, E., Siitonen, S., Stuckey, H., Toppila, A. and Vapaatalo, H., 1990. Prevention of travellers diarrhoea by Lactobacillus GG. Annals of Medicine 22: 53-56
81. Osborn, D.A. and Sinn, J.K., 2007. Prebiotics in infants for prevention of allergic disease and food hypersensitivity. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews: CD006474
82. Panduru, M., Panduru, N.M., Salavastru, C.M. and Tiplica, G.S., 2015. Probiotics and primary prevention of atopic dermatitis: a metaanalysis of randomized controlled studies. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology 29: 232-242
83. Pattani, R., Palda, V.A., Hwang, S.W. and Shah, P.S., 2013. Probiotics for the prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhea and Clostridium difficile infection among hospitalized patients: systematic review and meta-analysis. Open Medicine 7: e56-67
84. Pillai, A. and Nelson, R., 2008. Probiotics for treatment of Clostridium difficile-associated colitis in adults. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews: CD004611
85. Ritchie, M.L. and Romanuk, T.N., 2012. A meta-analysis of probiotic efficacy for gastrointestinal diseases. PLoS ONE 7: e34938
86. Rolfe, V.E., Fortun, P.J., Hawkey, C.J. and Bath-Hextall, F., 2006. Probiotics for maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews: CD004826
87. Rowland, I., Capurso, L., Collins, K., Cummings, J., Delzenne, N., Goulet, O., Guarner, F., Marteau, P. and Meier, R., 2010. Current level of consensus on probiotic science-report of an expert meeting-London, 23 November 2009. Gut Microbes 1: 436-439
88. Saab, S., Suraweera, D., Au, J., Saab, E.G. Alper, T.S. and Tong, M.J., 2016. Probiotics are helpful in hepatic encephalopathy: a metaanalysis of randomized trials. Liver International 36: 986-993
89. Salari, P., Nikfar, S. and Abdollahi, M., 2012. A meta-analysis and systematic review on the effect of probiotics in acute diarrhea. Inflammation and Allergy Drug Targets 11: 3-14
90. Sang, L.X., Chang, B., Zhang, W.L., Wu, X.M., Li, X.H. and Jiang, M., 2010. Remission induction and maintenance effect of probiotics on ulcerative colitis: a meta-analysis. World Journal of Gastroenterology 16: 1908-1915
91. Sazawal, S., Hiremath, G., Dhingra, U., Malik, P., Deb, S. and Black, R.E., 2006. Efficacy of probiotics in prevention of acute diarrhoea: a meta-analysis of masked, randomised, placebo-controlled trials. Lancet Infectious Diseases 6: 374-382
92. Schwenger, E.M., Tejani, A.M. and Loewen, P.S., 2015. Probiotics for preventing urinary tract infections in adults and children. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews: CD008772
93. Senok, A.C., Verstraelen, H., Temmerman, M. and Botta, G.A., 2009. Probiotics for the treatment of bacterial vaginosis. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews: CD006289
94. Sidbury, R., Tom, W.L., Bergman, J.N., Cooper, K.D., Silverman, R.A., Berger, T.G., Chamlin, S.L., Cohen, D.E., Cordoro, K.M., Davis, D.M., Feldman, S.R., Hanifin, J.M., Krol, A., Margolis, D.J., Paller, A.S., Schwarzenberger, K., Simpson, E.L., Williams, H.C., Elmets, C.A., Block, J., Harrod, C.G., Smith Begolka, W. and Eichenfield, L.F., 2014. Guidelines of care for the management of atopic dermatitis: Section 4. Prevention of disease flares and use of adjunctive therapies and approaches. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 71: 1218-1233
95. Siempos, II, Ntaidou, T.K. and Falagas, M.E., 2010. Impact of the administration of probiotics on the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Critical Care Medicine 38: 954-962
96. Steenhout, P.G., Rochat, F. and Hager, C., 2009. The effect of Bifidobacterium lactis on the growth of infants: a pooled analysis of randomized controlled studies. Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism 55: 334-340
97. Sung, V., Collett, S., De Gooyer, T., Hiscock, H., Tang, M. and Wake, M., 2013. Probiotics to prevent or treat excessive infant crying: systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Pediatrics 167: 1150-1157
98. Sur, D., Manna, B., Niyogi, S.K., Ramamurthy, T., Palit, A., Nomoto, K., Takahashi, T., Shima, T., Tsuji, H., Kurakawa, T., Takeda, Y., Nair, G.B. and Bhattacharya, S.K., 2011. Role of probiotic in preventing acute diarrhoea in children: a community-based, randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled field trial in an urban slum. Epidemiology and Infection 139: 919-926
99. Surawicz, C.M., Brandt, L.J., Binion, D.G., Ananthakrishnan, A.N., Curry, S.R., Gilligan, P.H., McFarland, L.V., Mellow, M. and Zuckerbraun, B.S., 2013. Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of Clostridium difficile infections. American Journal of Gastroenterology 108: 478-498; quiz 499
100. Szajewska, H., Horvath, A. and Kolodziej, M., 2015. Systematic review with meta-analysis: Saccharomyces boulardii supplementation and eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection. Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics 41: 1237-1245
101. Szajewska, H. and Kolodziej, M., 2015. Systematic review with meta-analysis: Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG in the prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea in children and adults. Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics 42: 1149-1157
102. Szajewska, H. and Kolodziej, M., 2015. Systematic review with metaanalysis: Saccharomyces boulardii in the prevention of antibioticassociated diarrhoea. Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics 42: 793-801
103. Szajewska, H., Ruszczynski, M. and Radzikowski, A., 2006. Probiotics in the prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhea in children: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Journal of Pediatrics 149: 367-372
104. Takahashi, O., Noguchi, Y., Omata, F., Tokuda, Y. and Fukui, T., 2007. Probiotics in the prevention of traveler's diarrhea: meta-analysis. Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology 41: 336-337
105. Thibault, H., Aubert-Jacquin, C. and Goulet, O., 2004. Effects of long-term consumption of a fermented infant formula (with Bifidobacterium breve c50 and Streptococcus thermophilus 065) on acute diarrhea in healthy infants. Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition 39: 147-152
106. Thomas, D.W. and Greer, F.R., 2010. Probiotics and prebiotics in pediatrics. Pediatrics 126: 1217-1231
107. Tong, J.L., Ran, Z.H., Shen, J., Zhang, C.X. and Xiao, S.D., 2007. Metaanalysis: the effect of supplementation with probiotics on eradication rates and adverse events during Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy. Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics 25: 155-168
108. Urbanska, M., Gieruszczak-Bialek, D. and Szajewska, H., 2016. Systematic review with meta-analysis: Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 for diarrhoeal diseases in children. Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics 43: 1025-1034
109. Videlock, E.J. and Cremonini, F., 2012. Meta-analysis: probiotics in antibiotic-associated diarrhoea. Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics 35: 1355-1369
110. Wang, Q., Dong, J. and Zhu, Y., 2012. Probiotic supplement reduces risk of necrotizing enterocolitis and mortality in preterm very lowbirth-weight infants: an updated meta-analysis of 20 randomized, controlled trials. Journal of Pediatric Surgery 47: 241-248
111. Wang, Y.H., Yao, N., Wei, K.K., Jiang, L., Hanif, S., Wang, Z.X. and Pei, C.X., 2016. The efficacy and safety of probiotics for prevention of chemoradiotherapy-induced diarrhea in people with abdominal and pelvic cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition
112. Wang, Z.-H., Gao, Q.-Y. and Fang, J.-Y., 2013. Meta-analysis of the efficacy and safety of Lactobacillus-containing and Bifidobacteriumcontaining probiotic compound preparation in Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy. Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology 47: 25-32
113. Wilkins, T., Pepitone, C., Alex, B. and Schade, R.R., 2012. Diagnosis and management of IBS in adults. American Family Physician 86: 419-426
114. Wu, Z.J., Du, X. and Zheng, J., 2013. Role of Lactobacillus in the prevention of Clostridium diffiicile-associated diarrhea: a metaanalysis of randomized controlled trials. Chinese Medical Journal 126: 4154-4161
115. Xu, M., Wang, J., Wang, N., Sun, F., Wang, L. and Liu, X.H., 2015. The efficacy and safety of the probiotic bacterium Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 for infantile colic: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. PLoS ONE 10: e0141445
116. Yang, Y., Guo, Y., Kan, Q., Zhou, X.G., Zhou, X.Y. and Li, Y., 2014. A meta-analysis of probiotics for preventing necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm neonates. Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research 47: 804-810
117. Zajac, A.E., Adams, A.S. and Turner, J.H., 2015. A systematic review and meta-analysis of probiotics for the treatment of allergic rhinitis. International Forum of Allergy and Rhinology 5: 524-532
118. Zhang, G.Q., Hu, H.J., Liu, C.Y., Zhang, Q., Shakya, S. and Li, Z.Y., 2016. Probiotics for prevention of atopy and food hypersensitivity in early childhood: a PRISMA-compliant systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Medicine 95: e2562
119. Zhang, Y., Li, L., Guo, C., Mu, D., Feng, B., Zuo, X. and Li, Y., 2016. Effects of probiotic type, dose and treatment duration on irritable bowel syndrome diagnosed by Rome III criteria: a meta-analysis. BMC Gastroenterology 16: 62
120. Zhao, L.N., Yu, T., Lan, S.Y., Hou, J.T., Zhang, Z.Z., Wang, S.S. and Liu, F.B., 2015. Probiotics can improve the clinical outcomes of hepatic encephalopathy: an update meta-analysis. Clinics and Research of Hepatology and Gastroenterology 39: 674-682
121. Zheng, X., Lyu, L. and Mei, Z., 2013. Lactobacillus-containing probiotic supplementation increases Helicobacter pylori eradication rate: evidence from a meta-analysis. Revista Espanola de Enfermedades Digestivas 105: 445-453
122. Zhu, R., Chen, K., Zheng, Y.Y., Zhang, H.W., Wang, J.S., Xia, Y.J., Dai, W.Q., Wang, F., Shen, M., Cheng, P., Zhang, Y., Wang, C.F., Yang, J., Li, J.J., Lu, J., Zhou, Y.Q. and Guo, C.Y., 2014. Meta-analysis of the efficacy of probiotics in Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy. World Journal of Gastroenterology 20: 18013-18021
123. Zuccotti, G., Meneghin, F., Aceti, A., Barone, G., Callegari, M.L., Di Mauro, A., Fantini, M.P., Gori, D., Indrio, F., Maggio, L., Morelli, L. and Corvaglia, L., 2015. Probiotics for prevention of atopic diseases in infants: systematic review and meta-analysis. Allergy 70: 1356-1371