A characterization of Arctic aerosols on the basis of aerosol optical depth and black carbon measurements

Elementa

Volumn 2, Issue , 2014, Pages

  Stone, R S ^a,b   Sharma, S ^c   Herber, A ^d   Eleftheriadis, K ^e   Nelson, D W ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO   (United States)

^b NOAA EARTH SYSTEM RESEARCH LABORATORY   (United States)

^c ENVIRONMENT CANADA   (Canada)

^d ALFRED WEGENER INSTITUTE FOR POLAR AND MARINE RESEARCH   (Germany)

^e INSTITUTE OF NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY   (Greece)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 85027228908     PISSN: None     EISSN: 23251026     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.12952/journal.elementa.000027     Document Type: Article

References (101)

1. AMAP. 2011. The Impact of Black Carbon on Arctic Climate. AMAP Technical Report No. 4 (2011). Oslo, Norway: Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP): 72 pp.
2. Andrews E, Sheridan PJ, Fiebig M, McComiskey A, Ogren JA, et al. 2006. Comparison of methods for deriving aerosol asymmetry parameter. J. Geophys. Res 111: D05S04. doi:10.1029/2004JD005734
3. Ångström A. 1964. The parameters of atmospheric turbidity. Tellus 16: 64-75.
4. Ångström A. 1929. On the atmospheric transmission of Sun radiation and on dust in the air. Geogr. Ann 11: 156-166.
5. Baumgardner D, Popovicheva O, Allan J, Bernardoni V, Cao J, et al. 2012. Soot Reference Materials for instrument calibration and intercomparisons: A workshop summary with recommendations. Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss 5: 2315-2362.
6. Beine HJ, Argentini S, Maurizi A, Mastrantonio G, Viola A. 2001. The local wind field at Ny-Ålesund and the Zeppelin mountain at Svalbard, Meteorol. Atmos. Phys 78: 107-113.
7. Blanchet J-P. 1989. Toward estimation of climatic effects due to Arctic aerosols. Atmos. Env 23: 2609-2625.
8. Bodhaine BA, Dutton ED, DeLuisi JJ. 1984. Surface aerosol measurements at Barrow during AGASP. Geophys. Res. Lett 11(5): 377-380.
9. Bond TC, Doherty SJ, Fahey DW, Forster PM, Berntsen T, et al. 2013. Bounding the role of black carbon in the climate system: A scientific assessment. J. Geophys. Res 118(11): 5380-5552.
10. Bourassa AE, Degenstein DA, Elash BJ, Llewellyn EJ. 2010. Evolution of the stratospheric aerosol enhancement following the eruptions of Okmok and Kasatochi: Odin-OSIRIS measurements. J. Geophys. Res 115: D00L03. doi:10.1029/2009JD013274
11. Bourassa AE, Robock A, Randel WJ, Deshler T, Rieger LA, et al. 2012. Large volcanic aerosol load in the stratosphere linked to asian monsoon transport. Science 337: 78. doi:10.1126/science.1219371
12. Brandt RE, Warren SG, Clarke AD. 2011. A controlled snowmaking experiment testing the relation between black carbon content and reduction of snow albedo. J. Geophys. Res 116: D08109. doi:10.1029/2010JD015330
13. Brock CA, Cozic J, Bahreini R, Froyd KD, Middlebrook AM et al. 2011. Characteristics, sources, and transport of aerosols measured in spring 2008 during the aerosol, radiation, and cloud processes affecting Arctic Climate (ARCPAC) Project. Atmos. Chem. Phys 11: 2423-2453. doi:10.5194/acp-11-2423-2011
14. Cappa CD, Onasch TB, Massoli P, Worsnop DR, Bates TS et al. 2012. Radiative absorption enhancements due to the mixing state of atmospheric black carbon. Science 337: 6098. doi:10.1126/science.1223447
15. Chambers JM, Cleveland WS, Kleiner B, Tukey PA. 1983. Graphical Methods for Data Analysis. Duxbury Press. (Wadsworth & Brooks/Cole Statistics/Probability Series).
16. Chýlek P, Videen G, Ngo D, Pinnick RG, Klett JD. 1995. Effect of black carbon on the optical properties and climate forcing of sulfate aerosols. J. Geophys. Res 100(D8): 16, 325-16, 332. doi:10.1029/95JD01465
17. Clarke AD, Noone KJ. 2007. Soot in the arctic snowpack: a cause for perturbations in radiative transfer. Atmos. Environ 41(1): 64-72.
18. Doherty SJ, Warren SG, Grenfell TC, Clarke AD, Brandt RE. 2010. Light Absorption from Impurities in Arctic Snow. Atmos. Chem. Phys 10: 1647-11680.
19. Dutton EG, Deluisi JJ, Herbert G. 1989. Shortwave aerosol optical depth of Arctic haze measured on board the NOAA WP-3D during AGASP-II, April 1986. J. Atmos. Chem 9: 71-79.
20. Eleftheriadis K, Vratolis S, Nyeki S. 2009. Aerosol black carbon in the European Arctic: Measurements at Zeppelin station, Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard from 1998-2007. Geophys. Res. Lett 36: L02809. doi:10.1029/2008GL035741
21. Flanner MG, Zender CS, Randerson JT, Rasch PJ. 2007. Present-day climate forcing and response from black carbon in snow. J. Geophys. Res 112: D11202. doi:10.1029/2006JD008003
22. Flanner MG. 2013. Arctic climate sensitivity to local black carbon. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos 118: 1840-1851. doi:10.1002/ jgrd.50176
23. Fu PQ, Kawamura K, Chen J, Charrière B, Sempéré R. 2013. Organic molecular composition of marine aerosols over the Arctic Ocean in summer: contributions of primary emission and secondary aerosol formation. Biogeosciences 10: 653-667. doi:10.5194/bg-10-653-2013
24. Fuller KA, Malm WC, Kreidenweis SM. 1999. Effects of Mixing on Extinction by Carbonaceous Particles. J. Geophys. Res 104: 15941-15954.
25. Garrett TJ, Brattström S, Sharma S, Worthy DEJ, Novelli P. 2011. The role of scavenging in the seasonal transport of black carbon and sulfate to the Arctic. Geophys. Res. Lett 38: L16805. doi:10.1029/2011GL048221
26. Grenfell TC, Light B, Sturm M. 2002. Spatial distribution and radiative effects of soot in the snow and sea ice during the SHEBA experiment. J. Geophys. Res 107: 8032. doi:10.1029/2000JC000414
27. Gundel LA, Dod RL, Rosen H, Novakov T. 1984. The relationship between optical attenuation and black carbon concentration for ambient and source particles. Sci. Total Environ 36: 197-202.
28. Hansen ADA, Rosen H, Novakov T. 1982. Real-time measurement of the absorption coefficient of aerosol particles Appl. Opt 21: 3060-3062.
29. Hansen ADA, Novakov T. 1989. Aerosol black carbon measurements in the Arctic haze during AGASP-II. J. Atmos. Chem 9: 347-361.
30. Hansen J., Nazarenko L. 2004. Soot climate forcing via snow and ice albedos. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci 101(2): 423-428.
31. Hadley OL, Kirchstetter TW. 2012. Black-Carbon reduction of snow albedo. Nature Climate Change 2: 437-440. doi:10.1038/Nclimate1433
32. Herber A, Thomason LW, Gernandt H, Leiterer U, Nagel D, et al. 2002. Continuous day and night aerosol optical depth observations in the Arctic between 1991 and 1999. J. Geophys. Res 107(D10): 4097. doi:10.1029/2001JD000536
33. Herber AB, Haas C, Stone RS, Bottenheim JW, Liu P, et al. 2012. Regular airborne surveys of Arctic sea ice and atmosphere. Eos Trans. AGU 93(4): 41. doi:10.1029/2012EO040001
34. Hirdman D, Sodemann H, Eckhardt S, Burkhart JF, Jefferson A, et al. 2010. Source identification of short-lived air pollutants in the Arctic using statistical analysis of measurement data and particle dispersion model output. Atmos. Chem. Phys 10: 669-693.
35. Hoffmann A, Osterloh L, Stone R, Lampert A, Ritter C, et al. 2011. Remote sensing and in-situ measurements of tropospheric aerosol, a PAMARCMiP case study. Atmospheric Environment 52: 56-66. doi: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.11.027
36. Hofmann D, Barnes J, O'Neill M, Trudeau M, Neely R. 2009. Increase in background stratospheric aerosol observed with lidar at Mauna Loa Observatory and Boulder, Colorado. Geophys. Res. Lett 36: L15808. doi:10.1029/2009GL039008
37. IPCC. 2007. Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Summary for Policy Makers. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge, UK and New York, NY: Cambridge University Press: 996 pp.
38. Junge CE. 1955. The size distribution and aging of natural aerosols as determined from electrical and optical measurements in the atmosphere. J. Meteorol 12: 13-25.
39. Kahl JD. 1990. Characteristics of the low-level temperature inversion along the Alaskan Arctic coast. Int. J. Climatology 10: 537-548.
40. Kaufman YJ, Fraser RS. 1997. The Effect of Smoke Particles on Clouds and Climate Forcing. Science 277: 1636. doi:10.1126/ science.277.5332.1636
41. Laborde M, Schnaiter M, Linke C, Saathoff H, Naumann K.-H, et al. 2012. Particle Soot Photometer intercomparison at the AIDA chamber. Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss 5: 3519-3573. doi:10.5194/amtd-5-3519-2012
42. Law KS, Stohl A. 2007. Arctic Air Pollution: Origins and Impacts. Science 16 (vol. 315, no. 5818): 1537-1540. doi:10.1126/ science.1137695
43. Lindeman JD, Boybeyi Z, Gultepe I. 2011. An examination of the aerosol semi-direct effect for a polluted case of the ISDAC field campaign. J. Geophys. Res 116: D00T10. doi:10.1029/2011JD015649
44. Liousse C, Cachier H, Jennings SG. 1993. Optical and thermal measurements of black carbon aerosol content in different environments: Variation of specific attenuation cross-section, sigma (s), Atmos. Environ 27: 1203-1211.
45. Marks AA, King MD. 2013. The effects of additional black carbon on the albedo of Arctic sea ice: variation with sea ice type and snow cover. The Cryosphere 7: 1193-1204. doi:10.5194/tc-7-1193-2013
46. Matsui H., Kondo Y, Moteki N, Takegawa N, Sahu LK, et al. 2011. Seasonal variation of the transport of black carbon aerosol from the Asian continent to the Arctic during the ARCTAS aircraft campaign. J. Geophys. Res 116: D05202. doi:10.1029/2010JD015067
47. Mazzola M, Stone RS, Herber A, Tomasi C, Lupi A, et al. 2011. Evaluation of sun photometer capabilities for retrievals of aerosol optical depth at high latitudes: The POLAR-AOD intercomparison campaigns. Atmos. Environ 30: 1-14. doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.07.042
48. Mitchell JM. 1957. Visual range in the polar regions with particular reference to the Alaskan Arctic. J. Atmos. Terr. Phys 17: 195-211.
49. Neely RR III, Toon OB, Solomon S, Vernier J-P, Alvarez C, et al. 2013. Recent anthropogenic increases in SO2 from Asia have minimal impact on stratospheric aerosol. Geophys. Res. Lett 40: 999-1004. doi:10.1002/grl.50263
50. Nordenskiöld AE. 1883. Nordenskiöld on the inland ice of Greenland. Science 2(44): 732-738. doi:10.1126/science.ns-2.44.732
51. Norris JR, Wild M. 2007. Trends in aerosol radiative effects over Europe inferred from observed cloud cover, solar "dimming", and solar "brightening." J. Geophys. Res 112: D08214, doi:10.1029/2006JD007794
52. Ohara T, Akimoto H, Kurokawa J, Horii N, Yamaji K, et al. 2007. An Asian emission inventory of anthropogenic emission sources for the period 1980-2020. Atmos. Chem. Phys 7: 4419-4444. doi:10.5194/acp-7-4419-2007
53. O'Neill NT, Dubovik O, Eck TF. 2001a. Modified Ångström Exponent for the Characterization of Submicrometer Aerosols. Appl. Opt 40: 2368-2375.
54. O'Neill NT, Eck TF, Holben BN, Smirnov A, Dubovik O, et al. 2001b. Bimodal size distribution influences on the variation of Ångström derivatives in spectral and optical depth space. J. Geophys. Res 106: 9787-9806. doi:10.1029/2000JD900245
55. O'Neill NT, Perro C, Saha A, Lesins G, Duck TJ, et al. 2012. Properties of Sarychev sulphate aerosols over the Arctic. J. Geophys. Res 117: D04203. doi:10.1029/2011JD016838
56. Petzold A, Ogren JA, Fiebig M, Laj P, Li S-M, et al. 2013. Recommendations for the interpretation of "black carbon" measurements. Atmos. Chem. Phys 13: 8365-8379. doi:10.5194/acp-13-8365-2013
57. Polissar AV, Hopke PK, Harris JM. 2001. Source regions for atmospheric aerosol measured at Barrow, Alaska. Environ. Sci. Technol 35: 4214-4226.
58. Quinn PK, Miller TL, Bates TS, Ogren JA, Andrews E, et al. 2002. A 3-year record of simultaneously measured aerosol chemical and optical properties at Barrow, Alaska. J. Geophys. Res 107(D11): 4130. doi:10.1029/2001JD001248
59. Quinn PK, Shaw G, Andrews E, Dutton EG, Ruoho-Airola T, et al. 2007. Arctic haze: current trends and knowledge gaps. Tellus B 59: 99-114.
60. Raatz WE. 1989. An anticyclone point of view on low-level tropospheric long-range transport. Atmos. Environ 23: 2501-2504.
61. Ramanathan V, Carmichael G. 2008. Global and regional climate changes due to black carbon. Nat. Geosci 1: 221-227. doi:10.1038/ngeo156
62. Randel WJ, Wu F, Vömel H, Nedoluha GE, Forster P. 2006. Decreases in stratospheric water vapor after 2001: Links to changes in the tropical tropopause and the Brewer-Dobson circulation. J. Geophys. Res 111: D12312. doi:10.1029/2005JD006744
63. Saha A, O'neill NT, Eloranta E, Stone RS, Eck TF, et al. 2010. Pan-Arctic sunphotometry during the ARCTAS-A campaign of April 2008. Geophys. Res. Lett 37: L05803. doi:10.1029/2009GL041375
64. Sand M, Berntsen TK, Kay JE, Lamarque JF, Seland O, et al. 2013. The Arctic Response To Remote And Local Forcing Of Black Carbon. Atmos. Chem. Phys 13: 211-224. doi:10.5194/Acp-13-211-2013
65. Schnell RC. 1984. Arctic haze and the Arctic Gas and Aerosol Sampling Program (AGASP). Geophys. Res. Lett 11(5): 361-364.
66. Schnell RC, Watson TB, Bodhaine BA. 1989. NOAA WP-3D instrumentation and flight operations on AGASP-II. J. Atmos. Chem 9: 1-16.
67. Schwarz JP, Gao RS, Fahey DW, Thomson DS, Watts LA, et al. 2006. Single-particle measurements of midlatitude black carbon and light-scattering aerosols from the boundary layer to the lower stratosphere. J. Geophys. Res 111: D16207. doi:10.1029/2006JD007076
68. Sharma S, Brook JR, Cachier H, Chow J, Gaudenzi A, et al. 2002. Light absorption and thermal measurements of black carbon in different regions of Canada. J. Geophys. Res 107(D24): 4771. doi:10.1029/2002JD002496
69. Sharma S, Lavoué D, Cachier H, Barrie LA, Gong SL. 2004. Long-term trends of the black carbon concentrations in the Canadian Arctic. J. Geophys. Res 109: D15203. doi:10.1029/2003JD004331
70. Sharma S, Andrews E, Barrie LA, Ogren JA, Lavoué D. 2006. Variations and sources of the equivalent black carbon in the high Arctic revealed by long-term observations at Alert and Barrow: 1989-2003. J. Geophys. Res 111: D14208. doi:10.1029/2005JD006581
71. Sharma S, Ishizawa M, Chan D, Lavoué D, Andrews E, et al. 2013. 16-year simulation of Arctic black carbon: Transport, source contribution, and sensitivity analysis on deposition. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos 118: 943-964. doi:10.1029/2012JD017774
72. Shaw GE. 1983. Evidence for a central Eurasian source area of Arctic haze in Alaska. Nature 299: 815-818.
73. Shaw GE. 1995. The Arctic haze phenomenon. Bull. Am. Met. Soc 76: 2403-2413.
74. Shaw GE, Stamnes K. 1980. Arctic Haze: Perturbation of the Polar Radiation Budget. Am. N.Y. Acad. Sci 338: 533-540.
75. Shindell D, Faluvegi G. 2009. Climate response to regional radiative forcing during the twentieth century. Nat. Geosci 2: 294-300. doi:10.1038/ngeo473
76. Shindell D, Schulz M, Ming Y, Takemura T, Faluvegi G, et al. 2010. Spatial scales of climate response to inhomogeneous radiative forcing. J. Geophys. Res 115: D19110. doi:10.1029/2010JD014108
77. Skouratov S. 1997. Vertical profiles of arctic haze aerosol in spring 1994 obtained by using spectrophotometric measurements Atmos. Res 44(1-2): 113-124.
78. Solomon S, Daniel JS, Neely RR, Vernier JP, Dutton EG, et al. 2011. The persistently variable "background" stratospheric aerosol layer and global climate change. Science 333(6044): 866-870. doi:10.1126/science.1206027
79. Stock M, Ritter C, Herber A, von Hoyningen-Huene W, Baibakov K, et al. 2011. Springtime Arctic aerosol: Smoke versus Haze, a case study for March 2008. Atmos. Env 52: 48-55. doi: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.06.051
80. Stohl A, Andrews E, Burkhart JF, Forster C, Herber A, et al. 2006. Pan-Arctic enhancements of light absorbing aerosol concentrations due to North American boreal forest fires during summer 2004. J. Geophys. Res 111: D22214. doi:10.1029/2006JD007216
81. Stohl A, Klimont Z, Eckhardt S, Kupiainen K. 2013. Black carbon in the Arctic: the underestimated role of gas flaring and residential combustion emissions. Atmos. Chem. Phys 13: 8833-8855. doi:10.5194/acp-13-8833-2013, 2013
82. Stone RS, Key JR, Dutton EG. 1993. Properties and decay of stratospheric aerosols in the Arctic following the 1991 eruptions of Mount Pinatubo. Geophys. Res. Lett 20(21): 2359-2362.
83. Stone R, Mefford T, Dutton E, Longenecker D, Halter B, et al. 1996. Barrow, Alaska, Surface radiation and meteorological measurements: January 1992 to December 1994. NOAA Data Rep. ERL CMDL-11. Boulder, CO: US Department of Commerce: 81 pp.
84. Stone RS. 2002. Monitoring aerosol optical depth at Barrow, Alaska and South Pole; Historical overview, recent results, and future goals, in Colacino M, ed., Proceedings of the 9th Workshop Italian Research on Antarctic Atmosphere, Rome, Italy, 22-24 October 2001. Bologna, Italy: Ital. Phys. Soc: pp. 123-144.
85. Stone RS, Dutton EG, Harris JM, Longenecker D. 2002. Earlier spring snowmelt in northern Alaska as an indicator of climate change J. Geophys. Res 107(D10): 4089. doi:10.1029/2000JD000286
86. Stone R, Douglas D, Belchansky G, Drobot S. 2005. Correlated declines in Pacific Arctic snow and sea ice cover. Arc. Res. U S 19: 18-25.
87. Stone RS, Anderson GP, Andrews E, Dutton EG, Shettle EP, et al. 2007. Incursions and radiative impact of Asian dust in northern Alaska. Geophys. Res. Lett 34: L14815. doi:10.1029/2007GL029878
88. Stone RS, Anderson GP, Shettle EP, Andrews E, Loukachine K, et al. 2008. Radiative impact of boreal smoke in the Arctic: Observed and modeled. J. Geophys. Res 113: D14S16. doi:10.1029/2007JD009657
89. Stone RS, Herber A, Vitale V, Mazzola M, Lupi A, et al. 2010. A three-dimensional characterization of Arctic aerosols from airborne Sun photometer observations: PAM-ARCMIP, April 2009. J. Geophys. Res 115: D13203. doi:10.1029/2009JD013605
90. Stroeve J, Serreze M, Holland M, Kay J, Maslanik J, et al. 2011. The Arctic's rapidly shrinking sea ice cover: A research synthesis. Climatic Change 110(3-4): 1005-1027. doi:10.1007/s10584-011-0101-1
91. Tomasi C, Lupi A, Mazzola M, Stone R, Dutton E, et al. 2012. An update on Polar aerosol optical properties using POLAR-AOD and other measurements performed during the International Polar Year. Atmos. Environ 52: 29-47.
92. Tomasi C, et al. 2014. Aerosol remote sensing in polar regions. Earth-Science Reviews, under review.
93. Thomason LW, Herber AB, Yamanouchi T, Sato K. 2003. Arctic Study on Tropospheric Aerosol and Radiation: Comparison of tropospheric aerosol extinction profiles measured by airborne photometer and SAGE II. Geophys. Res. Lett 30(6): 1328: doi:10.1029/2002GL016453
94. Treffeisen R, Turnved P, Ström J, Herber A, Bareiss J, et al. 2007. Arctic smoke - aerosol characteristics during a record air pollution event in the European Arctic and its radiative impact. Atmos. Chem. Phys 7: 3035-3053. doi:10.5194/ acp-7-3035-2007
95. Twomey S. 1977. The influence of pollution on the shortwave albedo of clouds. J. Atmos. Sci 34: 1149-1152.
96. UNEP. 2011. Near-term Climate Protection and Clean Air Benefits: Actions for Controlling Short-Lived Climate Forcers. Nairobi, Kenya: United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP): 78 pp.
97. Vernier J-P, Thomason LW, Pommereau J-P, Bourassa A, Pelon J, et al. 2011. Major influence of tropical volcanic eruptions on the stratospheric aerosol layer during the last decade. Geophys. Res. Lett 38: L12807. doi:10.1029/2011GL047563
98. Warneke C, Bahreini R, Brioude J, Brock CA, de Gouw JA, et al. 2009. Biomass burning in Siberia and Kazakhstan as an important source for haze over the Alaskan Arctic in April 2008. Geophys. Res. Lett 36: L02813. doi:10.1029/2008GL036194
99. Warren SG, Wiscombe WJ. 1980. A model for the spectral albedo of snow. II: Snow containing atmospheric aerosols. J. Atmos. Sci 37: 2734-2745.
100. Yamanouchi T, Treffeisen R, Herber A, Shiobara M, Yamagata S, et al. 2005. Arctic Study of Tropospheric Aerosol and Radiation (ASTAR) 2000: Arctic haze case study. Tellus B 57: 141-152.
101. Young CL, Sokolik IN, Dufek J. 2011. Regional radiative impact of volcanic aerosol from the 2009 eruption of Redoubt volcano. Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss 11: 26691-26740. doi:10.5194/acpd-11-26691-2011