Long-term trends of the black carbon concentrations in the Canadian Arctic

Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres

Volumn 109, Issue 15, 2004, Pages

  Sharma, S ^a   Lavoue D ^a,b   Chachier, H ^c   Barrie, L A ^a,d   Gong, S L ^a  

^a ENVIRONMENT CANADA   (Canada)

^b DALHOUSIE UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^c DIF   (France)

^d WORLD METEOROLOGICAL ORGANIZATION   (Switzerland)

Author keywords

Arctic; Black carbon; Emissions

Indexed keywords

AEROSOL; ANTHROPOGENIC SOURCE; ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION; ATMOSPHERIC TRANSPORT; BLACK CARBON; INDUSTRIAL EMISSION; RADIATIVE FORCING;

CANADA; CANADIAN ARCTIC; NORTH AMERICA;

EID: 6444232670     PISSN: 01480227     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/2003JD004331     Document Type: Article

References (50)

1. Alexeyev, V. A. (1996), Forest health status in Russia, paper presented at International Symposium on Air Pollution and Climate Change Effects on Forest Ecosystems, For. Serv., U. S. Dep. of Agric., Riverside, Calif., 5-9 Feb.
2. Barrie, L. A. (1986), Arctic air pollution: An overview of current knowledge, Atmos. Environ., 20, 643-663.
3. Barrie, L. A. (1996), Occurrence and trends of pollution in the Arctic troposphere, in Chemical Exchange Between the Atmosphere and Polar Snow, Global Environ. Change, NATO ASI Ser. I, vol. 43, edited by E. Wolff and R. Bales, pp. 93-130, Springer-Verlag, New York.
4. Barrie, L. A., M. P. Olson, and K. K. Oikawa (1989), The flux of anthropogenic sulphur into the Arctic from midlatitudes, Atmos. Environ., 23, 2502-2512.
5. Bigg, E. K., and C. Leck (2001), Properties of the aerosol over the central Arctic Ocean, J. Geophys. Res., 106 (D23), 32,101-32,109.
6. Blanchet, J. P. (1994), Mechanisms of direct and indirect climate forcing by aerosols in the Arctic region, in Dahlem Workshop Report on Aerosol Forcing of Climate, edited by R. J. Charlson and J. Heintzenberg, pp. 109-121, John Wiley, Hoboken, N. J.
7. Bodhaine, B. A. (1995), Aerosol absorption measurements at Barrow, Mauna Loa, and the South Pole, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 8967-8975.
8. Bottenheim, J. W., A. Dastoor, S. L. Gong, K. Higuchi, and Y. F. Li (2003), Long-range transport of air pollution to the Arctic, in Intercontinental Transport of Air Pollution, Handb. Environ. Chem. Ser., edited by A. Stohl, chap. 2, Springer-Verlag, New York.
9. Boucher, O., and M. Pham (2002), History of sulfate aerosol radiative forcings, Geophys. Res. Lett., 29 (9), 1308, doi:10.1029/2001GL014048.
10. Cachier, H., M. Bremond, and P. Buat-Menard (1989), Determination of atmospheric soot carbon with a simple thermal method, Tellus, Ser. B, 41, 379-390.
11. Christensen, J. (1997), The Danish Eulerian hemispheric model-three dimensional air pollution model used in the Arctic, Atmos. Environ., 31, 4169-4191.
12. Cooke, W. F., C. Liousse, H. Cachier, and J. Feichter (1999), Construction of a 1° × 1° fossil fuel emission data set for carbonaceous aerosol and implementation and radiative impact in the ECHAM4 model, J. Geophys. Res., 104 (D18), 22,137-22,162.
13. Covert, D. S., and J. Heintzenberg (1993), Size distributions and chemical properties of aerosol at NY Alesund, Svalbard, Atmos. Environ., Part A, 27 (17/18), 2989-2997.
14. Currie, L. A., et al. (2002), A critical evaluation of interlaboratory data on total, elemental, and isotopic carbon in the carbonaceous particle reference material, NIST SRM 1649a, J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol., 107, 279-298.
15. Dorling, S. R., T. D. Davies, and C. E. Pierce (1992), Clustering analysis: A technique for estimating the synoptic meteorological controls on air and precipitation chemistry-Method and applications, Atmos. Environ., Part A, 26, 2575-2581.
16. Eckhardt, S., A. Stohl, S. Beirle, N. Spinchtinger, P. James, C. Forster, C. Junker, T. Wagner, U. Platt, and S. G. Jennings (2003), The North Atlantic Oscillation controls air pollution transport to the Arctic, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 3, 1769-1778.
17. Hansen, A. D. A., H. Rosen, and T. Novakov (1984), The aethalometer-An instrument for the real-time measurement of optical absorption by aerosol particles, Sci. Total Environ., 36, 191-196.
18. Hartigan, J. A. (1975), Clustering Algorithms, 351 pp., John Wiley, Hoboken, N. J.
19. Harvey, A. C., and G. D. Phillips (1979), Maximum likelihood estimation of regression models with autoregressive-moving average disturbances, Biometrika, 66, 49-58.
20. Heintzenberg, J. (1982), Size-segregated measurements of particulate elemental carbon and aerosol light absorption at remote Arctic locations, Atmos. Environ., 16 (10), 2461-2469.
21. Heintzenberg, J., and C. Leck (1994), Seasonal variation of the atmospheric aerosol near the top of the marine boundary layer over Spitsbergen related to the Arctic sulphur cycle, Tellus, Ser. B, 46, 52-67.
22. Idimechev, V. F., V. V. Magdalina, and T. F. Shevchenko (1995), Conditions of environment in Krasnoyarsk Kray in 1994 (in Russian), report, Krasnoyarsk Environ. Comm., Krasnoyarsk, Russia.
23. Iversen, T. (1996), Atmospheric transport pathways for the Arctic, in Chemical Exchange Between the Atmosphere and Polar Snow, Global Environ. Change, NATO ASI Ser. I, vol. 43, edited by E. Wolff and R. Bales, pp. 71-92, Springer-Verlag, New York.
24. Jacobson, M. Z. (2001), Strong radiative heating due to the mixing state of the black carbon in atmospheric aerosols, Nature, 409, 695-697.
25. Klonecki, A., P. Hess, L. Emmons, L. Smith, and J. Orlando (2003), Seasonal changes in the transport of pollutants into the Arctic troposphere: Model study, J. Geophys. Res., 108 (D4), 8367, doi:10.1029/2002JD002199.
26. Kohn, R., and C. F. Ansley (1985), Efficient estimation and prediction in time series regression models, Biometrika, 72, 694-697.
27. Kohn, R., and C. F. Ansley (1986), Estimation, prediction, and interpolation for arima models with missing data, J. Am. Stat. Assoc., 81, 751-761.
28. Lavanchy, V. W. H., H. W. Gaggeler, S. Nyeki, and U. Baltensperger (1999), Elemental carbon (EC) and black carbon (BC) measurements with a thermal method and an aethalometer at the high-alpine research station Junfraujoch, Atmos. Environ., 33, 2759-2769.
29. Leck, C., and E. K. Bigg (1999), Aerosol production over remote marine areas-A new route, Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 3577-3581.
30. Leck, C., M. Norman, E. K. Bigg, and R. Hillamo (2002), Chemical composition and sources of the high Arctic aerosol relevant for cloud formation, J. Geophys. Res., 107 (D12), 4135, doi:10.1029/2001JD001463.
31. Liousse, C., H. Cachier, and S. G. Jennings (1993), Optical and thermal measurements of black carbon aerosol content in different environments: Variation of the specific attenuation cross-section, sigma (σ), Atmos. Environ., Part A, 27 (8), 1203-1211.
32. Maenhaut, W., G. Ducastel, C. Leck, E. D. Nilsson, and J. Heintzenberg (1996), Multi-elemental composition and sources of the high Arctic atmospheric aerosol during summer and autumn, Tellus, Ser. B, 48, 300-321.
33. Norman, A. L., L. A. Barrie, D. Toom-Sauntry, A. Sirois, H. R. Krouse, S. M. Li, and S. Sharma (1999), Sources of aerosol sulphate at Alert: Apportionment using stable isotopes, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 11,619-11,631.
34. Novakov, T., and C. E. Corrigan (1995), Thermal characterization of biomass smoke particles, Mikrochim. Acta, 117 (1-2), 157-166.
35. Novakov, T., M. O. Andreae, R. Gabriel, T. W. Kirchstetter, O. L. Mayol-Bracero, and V. Ramanathan (2000), Origin of carbonaceous aerosols over the tropical Indian Ocean: Biomass burning or fossil fuels?, Geophys. Res. Lett., 27 (24), 4061-4064.
36. Petzold, A., and R. Niessner (1995), Method comparison study on soot-selective techniques, Mikrochim. Acta, 117, 215-237.
37. Polissar, A. V., P. K. Hopke, W. C. Malm, and J. F. Sisler (1998a), Atmospheric aerosol over Alaska: 1. Spatial and seasonal variability, J. Geophys. Res., 103 (D15), 19,035-19,044.
38. Polissar, A. V., P. K. Hopke, P. Paatero, W. C. Malm, and J. F. Sisler (1998b), Atmospheric aerosol over Alaska: 2. Elemental composition and sources, J. Geophys. Res., 103 (D15), 19,045-19,057.
39. Polissar, A. V., P. K. Hopke, P. Paatero, Y. J. Kaufmann, D. K. Hall, B. A. Bodhaine, E. G. Dutton, and J. M. Harris (1999), The aerosol at Barrow, Alaska: Long-term trends and source locations, Atmos. Environ., 33, 2441-2458.
40. Poznyakov, V. Y. (1993), The Severonikel smelter complex: History of development, in Aerial Pollution in the Kola Peninsula: Proceedings of the International Workshop, 14-16 April 1992, St. Petersburg, edited by M. V. Kozlov, E. Haukoja, and V. T. Yarmishko, Kola Sci. Cent., Apatity, Russia.
41. Quinn, P. K., T. L. Miller, T. S. Bates, J. A. Ogren, E. Andrews, and G. E. Shaw (2002), A 3-year record of simultaneously measured aerosol chemical and optical properties at Barrow, Alaska, J. Geophys. Res., 107 (D11), 4130, doi:10.1029/2001JD001248.
42. Ramanathan, V., et al. (2001), Indian Ocean Experiment: An integrated assessment of the climate forcing and effects of the Great Indo-Asian Haze, J. Geophys. Res., 106 (D22), 28,371-28,399.
43. Ruellan, S., and H. Cachier (2000), Characterization of fresh particulate vehicular exhaust near a Paris High flow road, Atmos. Environ., 35, 453-468.
44. Schmid, H., et al. (2001), Results of the "carbon conference" international aerosol carbon round robin test stage I, Atmos. Environ., 35, 2111-2121.
45. Seibert, P., H. Kromp-Kolb, U. Baltensperger, D. T. Jost, M. Schwikowski, A. Kasper, and H. Puxbaum (1994), Trajectory analysis of aerosol measurements at high alpines sites, in Proceedings of EUROTRAC Symposium '94, edited by P. M. Borell et al., SPB Acad., The Hague.
46. Sharma, S., J. R. Brook, H. Cachier, J. Chow, A. Gaudenzi, and G. Lu (2002), Light absorption and thermal measurements of black carbon in different regions of Canada, J. Geophys. Res., 107 (D24), 4771, doi:10.1029/2002JD002496.
47. Sirois, A. (1997), Temporal variation of oxides of sulphur and nitrogen in ambient air in eastern Canada: 1979-1994, Tellus, Ser. B, 49, 270-291.
48. Sirois, A. (1999), A brief overview of cluster analysis, in Proceedings of the WMO/EMEP Workshop on Advanced Statistical Methods and Their Application to Air Quality Data Sets, Helsinki, 14-18 September 1998, WMO/GAW Rep. 133, World Meteorol. Org., Geneva.
49. Sirois, A., and L. A. Barrie (1999), Arctic lower tropospheric aerosol trends and composition at Alert, Canada: 1980-1995, J. Geophys. Res., 104 (D9), 11,599-11,618.
50. Yu, J. Z., J. Xu, and H. Yang (2002), Charring characteristics of atmospheric organic particulate matter in thermal analysis, Environ. Sci. Technol., 36 (4), 754-761.