The effects of additional black carbon on the albedo of Arctic sea ice: Variation with sea ice type and snow cover

Cryosphere

Volumn 7, Issue 4, 2013, Pages 1193-1204

  Marks, A A ^a   King, M D ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF LONDON   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ABSORPTION; ALBEDO; BLACK CARBON; LIGHT SCATTERING; RADIATIVE TRANSFER; SEA ICE; SNOW COVER; VISIBLE SPECTRUM; WAVELENGTH;

ARCTIC OCEAN;

EID: 84881392906     PISSN: 19940416     EISSN: 19940424     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.5194/tc-7-1193-2013     Document Type: Article

References (61)

1. Barry, R. G.: The parameterization of surface albedo for sea ice and its snow cover, Prog. Phys. Geo., 20, 63-79, 1996.
2. Beine, H. J., Amoroso, A., Dominé, F., King, M. D., Nardino, M., Ianniello, A., and France, J. L.: Surprisingly small HONO emissions from snow surfaces at Browning Pass, Antarctica, At-mos. Chem. Phys., 6, 2569-2580, doi:10.5194/acp-6-2569-2006, 2006.
3. Bohren, C.: Applicability of effective-medium theories to problems of scattering and absorption by nonhomogeneous atmospheric particles, J. Atmos. Sci., 43, 468-475, 1986.
4. Bond, T. C. and Bergstrom, R. W.: Light Absorption by Carbonaceous Particles: An Investigative Review, Aero. Sci. Tech., 40, 27-67, 2006.
5. Brandt, R., Warren, S., Worby, A., and Grenfell, T.: Surface albedo of the Antarctic sea ice zone, J. Climate, 18, 3606-3622, 2005.
6. Chýlek, P., Ramaswamy, V., and Srivastava, V.: Albedo of soot-contaminated snow, J. Geophys. Res., 88, 837-843, 1983.
7. Clarke, A. and Noone, K.: Soot in the Arctic snowpack: A cause for perturbations in radiative transfer, Atmos. Environ., 19, 2045-2053, 1985.
8. Curry, J., Schramm, J., and Ebert, E.: Sea ice-albedo climate feedback mechanism, J. Climate, 8, 240-247, 1995.
9. Dittmar, T.: The molecular level determination of black carbon in marine dissolved organic matter, Org. Geochem., 39, 396-407, 2008.
10. Doherty, S. J., Warren, S. G., Grenfell, T. C., Clarke, A. D., and Brandt, R. E.: Light-absorbing impurities in Arctic snow, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 11647-11680, doi:10.5194/acp-10-11647-2010, 2010.
11. Fisher, F., King, M., and Lee-Taylor, J.: Extinction of UV-visible radiation in wet midlatitude (maritime) snow: Implications for increased NOx emission, J. Geophys. Res., 110, D21301, doi:10.1029/2005JD005963, 2005.
12. Flanner, M., Zender, C., Randerson, J., and Rasch, P.: Present-day climate forcing and response from black carbon in snow, J. Geo-phys. Res, 112, D11202, doi:10.1029/2006JD008003, 2007.
13. 3), Atmos. Environ., 41, 5502-5509, 2007.
14. 2 and OH production in Ny-Alesund (Sval-bard) snowpacks, J. Glaciol., 56, 655-662, 2010a.
15. France, J., King, M., and MacArthur, A.: A photohabitable zone in the martian snowpack? A laboratory and radiative-transfer study of dusty water-ice snow, Icarus, 207, 133-139, 2010b.
16. France, J. L., King, M. D., Frey, M. M., Erbland, J., Picard, G., Preunkert, S., MacArthur, A., and Savarino, J.: Snow optical properties at Dome C (Concordia), Antarctica; implications for snow emissions and snow chemistry of reactive nitrogen, At-mos. Chem. Phys., 11, 9787-9801, doi:10.5194/acp-11-9787- 2011, 2011.
17. France, J. L., Reay, H. J., King, M. D., Voisin, D., Jacobi, H. W., Domine, F., Beine, H., Anastasio, C., MacArthur, A., and LeeTaylor, J.: Hydroxyl radical and NOx production rates, black carbon concentrations and light-absorbing impurities in snow from field measurements of light penetration and nadir reflectivity of onshore and offshore coastal Alaskan snow, J. Geophys. Res., 117, D00R12, doi:101029/2011JD016639, 2012.
18. Galin, N., Worby, A., Markus, T., Leuschen, C., and Gogineni, P.: Validation of Airborne FMCW Radar Measurements of Snow Thickness Over Sea Ice in Antarctica, IEEE T. Geosci. Remote, 50, 3-12, 2012.
19. Gardner, A. and Sharp, M.: A review of snow and ice albedo and the development of a new physically based broadband albedo parameterization, J. Geophys. Res., 115, doi:10.1029/2009JF001444, 2010.
20. Goldenson, N., Doherty, S. J., Bitz, C. M., Holland, M. M., Light, B., and Conley, A. J.: Arctic climate response to forcing from light-absorbing particles in snow and sea ice in CESM, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 7903-7920, doi:10.5194/acp-12-7903-2012, 2012.
21. Grenfell, T., Light, B., and Sturm, M.: Spatial distribution and radiative effects of soot in the snow and sea ice during the SHEBA experiment: The surface heat budget of arctic ocen (SHEBA), J. Geophys. Res., 107, 8032, doi:10.1029/2000JC000414, 2002.
22. Grenfell, T. and Maykut, G.: The optical properties of ice and snow in the Arctic Basin, J. Glaciol., 18, 445-462, 1977.
23. Hansen, J. and Nazarenko, L.: Soot climate forcing via snow and ice albedos, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 101, 423-428, 2004.
24. Highwood, E. and Kinnersley, R.: When smoke gets in our eyes: The multiple impacts of atmospheric black carbon on climate, air quality and health, Environ. Int., 32, 560-566, 2006.
25. Holland, M. M., Bailey, D. A., Briegleb, B. P., Light, B., and Hunke, E.: Improved sea ice shortwave radiation physics in CCSM4: the impact of melt ponds and aerosols on Arctic sea ice, J. Climate, 25, 1413-1430, 2012.
26. Jacobson, M.: Strong radiative heating due to the mixing state of black carbon in atmospheric aerosols, Nature, 409, 695-697, 2001.
27. Jacobson, M.: Climate response of fossil fuel and biofuel soot, accounting for soot's feedback to snow and sea ice albedo and emissivity, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D21201, doi:10.1029/2004JD004948, 2004.
28. Kanagaratnam, P., Markus, T., Lytle, V., Heavey, B., Jansen, P., Prescott, G., and Gogineni, S. P.: Ultrawideband radar measurements of thickness of snow over sea ice, IEEE T. Geosci. Remote, 45, 2715-2724, 2007.
29. King, M. and Simpson, W.: Extinction of UV radiation in Arctic snow at Alert, Canada (82° N), J. Geophys. Res., 106, 499-12, 2001.
30. King, M., France, J., Fisher, F., and Beine, H.: Measurement and modelling of UV radiation penetration and photolysis rates of nitrate and hydrogen peroxide in Antarctic sea ice: An estimate of the production rate of hydroxyl radicals in first-year sea ice, J. Photochem. Photobiol. A, 176, 39-49, 2005.
31. Kwok, R. and Cunningham, G. F.: ICESat over Arctic sea ice: Estimation of snow depth and ice thickness, J. Geophys. Res., 113, C08010, doi:10.1029/2008JC004753, 2008.
32. Kwok, R., Panzer, B., Leuschen, C., Pang, S., Markus, T., Holt, B., and Gogineni, S.: Airborne surveys of snow depth over Arctic sea ice, J. Geophys. Res., 116, C11018, doi:101029/2011JC007371, 2011.
33. Ledley, T. S. and Thompson, S. L.: Potential effect of nuclear war smokefall on sea ice, Climatic Change, 8, 155-171, 1986.
34. Lee-Taylor, J. and Madronich, S.: Calculation of actinic fluxes with a coupled atmosphere-snow radiative transfer model, J. Geophys. Res, 107, 4796, doi:10.1029/2002JD002084, 2002.
35. Light, B., Eicken, H., Maykut, G., and Grenfell, T.: The effect of included particulates on the spectral albedo of sea ice, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 27739-27752, 1998.
36. Light, B., Grenfell, T., and Perovich, D.: Transmission and absorption of solar radiation by Arctic sea ice during the melt season, J. Geophys. Res, 113, C03023, doi:10.1029/2006JC003977, 2008.
37. Masiello, C.: Black carbon in deep-sea sediments, Science, 280, 1911-1913, 1998.
38. Massom, R., Eicken, H., Hass, C., and Jeffries, M.: Snow on Antarctic sea ice, Rev. Geophys., 39, 413-445, 2001.
39. Middelburg, J., Nieuwenhuize, J., and Breugel, P.: Black carbon in marine sediments, Mar. Chem., 65, 245-252, 1999.
40. Mitchell, M.: Visual range in the polar regions with particular reference to the Alaskan Arctic, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., Spec. Suppl., 1957.
41. Perovich, D. K.: Complex yet translucent: the optical properties of sea ice, Physica B, 338, 107-114, 2003.
42. Perovich, D. K.: The interaction of ultraviolet light with Arctic sea ice during SHEBA, Ann. Glaciol., 44, 47-52, 2006.
43. Perovich, D. K.: Sea ice optics measurements, in: Field techniques for sea ice research, edited by: Eicken, H., Gradinger, R., Sal-ganek, M., Shirasawa, K., Perovich, D., and Lepparanta, M., University of Alaska Press, 2009.
44. Perovich, D. K. and Polashenski, C.: Albedo evolution of seasonal Arctic sea ice, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L08501, doi:10.1029/2012GL051432, 2012.
45. Perovich, D. K., Roesler, C., and Pegau, W.: Variability in Arctic sea ice optical properties, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 1193-1208, 1998.
46. Perovich, D. K., Grenfell, T., Light, B., and Hobbs, P.: Seasonal evolution of the albedo of multiyear Arctic sea ice, J. Geophys. Res., 107, 8044, doi:10.1029/2000JC00438, 2002.
47. Phillips, G. and Simpson, W.: Verification of snowpack radiation transfer models using actinometry, J. Geophys. Res., 110, 8306, doi:10.1029/ 2004JD005552, 2005.
48. Ramanathan, V. and Carmichael, G.: Global and regional climate changes due to black carbon, Nat. Geosci., 1, 221-227, 2008.
49. 2 production with increasing black carbon content in Arctic snow, J. Geophys. Res., 117, D00R20, doi:10.1029/2011JD016630, 2012.
50. Roessler, D. M. and Faxvog, F. R.: Optical properties of agglomerated acetylene smoke particles at 0.5145-μ m and 10.6-μ m wavelengths, J. Opt. Soc. Am., 70, 230-235, 1980.
51. Solomon, S., Qin, D., Manning, M., Chen, Z., Marquis, M., Av-eryt, K., Tignor, M., and Miller, H.: IPCC, 2007: Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment, Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, in: IPCC, 2007: Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment, Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Cambridge University Press, 2007.
52. Stamnes, K., Tsay, S., Jayaweera, K., and Wiscombe, W.: Numerically stable algorithm for discrete-ordinate-method radiative transfer in multiple scattering and emitting layered media, Appl. Optics, 27, 2502-2509, 1988.
53. Suman, D., Kuhlbusch, T., and Lim, B.: Sediment Records of Biomass Burning and Global Change, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1997.
54. Warren, S.: Optical Properties of Snow, Rev. Geophys., 20, 67-89, 1982.
55. Warren, S. and Brandt, R.: Optical constants of ice from the ultraviolet to the microwave: A revised compilation, J. Geophys. Res, 113, D14220, doi:10.1029/2007JD009744, 2008.
56. Warren, S. G.: Impurities in snow: effects on albedo and snowmelt, Ann. Glaciol., 5, 177-179, 1984.
57. Warren, S. G. and Clarke, A.: Soot in the atmosphere and snow surface of Antarctica, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 1811-1816, 1990.
58. Warren, S. G. and Wiscombe, W.: A model for the spectral albedo of snow. II: Snow containing atmospheric aerosols, J. Atmos. Sci., 37, 2734-2745, 1980.
59. Warren, S. G. and Wiscombe, W.: Dirty snow after nuclear war, Nature, 313, 467-470, 1985.
60. Warren, S. G., Rigor, I., Untersteiner, N., Radionov, V., Bryazgin, N., Aleksandrov, Y., and Colony, R.: Snow depth on Arctic sea ice, J. Climate, 12, 1814-1829, 1999.
61. Weeks, W.: On Sea Ice, University of Alaska Press, 2010.