메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 18, Issue , 2017, Pages 6-10

Social class and prosocial behavior: current evidence, caveats, and questions

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

HUMAN; MOTIVATION; SOCIAL BEHAVIOR; SOCIAL CLASS;

EID: 85021159390     PISSN: 2352250X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2017.06.003     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (106)

References (61)
  • 1
    • 0004217616 scopus 로고
    • The Nuer
    • Oxford University Press
    • Evans-Pritchard, E.E., The Nuer. 1940, Oxford University Press.
    • (1940)
    • Evans-Pritchard, E.E.1
  • 2
    • 0037331911 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Income inequality in the United States, 1913–1998
    • Piketty, T., Saez, E., Income inequality in the United States, 1913–1998. Q. J. Econ. 118 (2003), 1–39.
    • (2003) Q. J. Econ. , vol.118 , pp. 1-39
    • Piketty, T.1    Saez, E.2
  • 3
    • 84880449534 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Yes, the Rich are Different
    • Pew Research Center
    • Parker, K., Yes, the Rich are Different. 2012, Pew Research Center.
    • (2012)
    • Parker, K.1
  • 4
    • 84861477914 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coming Apart: The State of White America, 1960–2010
    • Crown Forum
    • Murray, C., Coming Apart: The State of White America, 1960–2010. 2012, Crown Forum.
    • (2012)
    • Murray, C.1
  • 5
    • 84892188623 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The sociocultural appraisals, values, and emotions (SAVE) framework of prosociality: core processes from gene to meme
    • Keltner, D., Kogan, A., Piff, P.K., Saturn, S.R., The sociocultural appraisals, values, and emotions (SAVE) framework of prosociality: core processes from gene to meme. Annu. Rev. Psychol. 65 (2014), 425–460.
    • (2014) Annu. Rev. Psychol. , vol.65 , pp. 425-460
    • Keltner, D.1    Kogan, A.2    Piff, P.K.3    Saturn, S.R.4
  • 6
    • 72949114033 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social class, sense of control, and social explanation
    • Kraus, M.W., Piff, P.K., Keltner, D., Social class, sense of control, and social explanation. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 97 (2009), 992–1004.
    • (2009) J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. , vol.97 , pp. 992-1004
    • Kraus, M.W.1    Piff, P.K.2    Keltner, D.3
  • 7
    • 33744746196 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How money buys happiness: genetic and environmental processes linking finances and life satisfaction
    • Johnson, W., Krueger, R.F., How money buys happiness: genetic and environmental processes linking finances and life satisfaction. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 90 (2006), 680–691.
    • (2006) J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. , vol.90 , pp. 680-691
    • Johnson, W.1    Krueger, R.F.2
  • 8
    • 25144474909 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic effects on physical health: lower at higher income levels
    • Johnson, W., Krueger, R.F., Genetic effects on physical health: lower at higher income levels. Behav. Genet. 35 (2005), 579–590.
    • (2005) Behav. Genet. , vol.35 , pp. 579-590
    • Johnson, W.1    Krueger, R.F.2
  • 9
    • 17044399702 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • You can't always get what you want: educational attainment, agency, and choice
    • Snibbe, A.C., Markus, H.R., You can't always get what you want: educational attainment, agency, and choice. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 88 (2005), 703–720.
    • (2005) J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. , vol.88 , pp. 703-720
    • Snibbe, A.C.1    Markus, H.R.2
  • 10
    • 79958093181 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • When choice does not equal freedom: a sociocultural analysis of agency in working-class American contexts
    • Stephens, N.M., Fryberg, S.A., Markus, H.R., When choice does not equal freedom: a sociocultural analysis of agency in working-class American contexts. Soc. Psychol. Pers. Sci. 2 (2011), 33–41.
    • (2011) Soc. Psychol. Pers. Sci. , vol.2 , pp. 33-41
    • Stephens, N.M.1    Fryberg, S.A.2    Markus, H.R.3
  • 12
    • 84867381593 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social class, solipsism, and contextualism: how the rich are different from the poor
    • Reviews how and why social class influences social-cognitive tendencies and behavior, including prosocial tendencies.
    • 12•• Kraus, M.W., Piff, P.K., Mendoza-Denton, R., Rheinschmidt, M.L., Keltner, D., Social class, solipsism, and contextualism: how the rich are different from the poor. Psychol. Rev. 119 (2012), 546–572 Reviews how and why social class influences social-cognitive tendencies and behavior, including prosocial tendencies.
    • (2012) Psychol. Rev. , vol.119 , pp. 546-572
    • Kraus, M.W.1    Piff, P.K.2    Mendoza-Denton, R.3    Rheinschmidt, M.L.4    Keltner, D.5
  • 14
    • 84923228149 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sense of control under uncertainty depends on people's childhood environment: a life history theory approach
    • Mittal, C., Griskevicius, V., Sense of control under uncertainty depends on people's childhood environment: a life history theory approach. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 107 (2014), 621–637.
    • (2014) J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. , vol.107 , pp. 621-637
    • Mittal, C.1    Griskevicius, V.2
  • 15
    • 0032014452 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The sense of control as a moderator of social class differences in health and well-being
    • Lachman, M.E., Weaver, S.L., The sense of control as a moderator of social class differences in health and well-being. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 74 (1998), 763–773.
    • (1998) J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. , vol.74 , pp. 763-773
    • Lachman, M.E.1    Weaver, S.L.2
  • 16
    • 84902981490 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The intersection of resources and rank: signaling social class in face-to-face encounters
    • S.T. Fiske H.R. Markus Russell Sage
    • Kraus, M.W., Rheinschmidt, M.L., Piff, P.K., The intersection of resources and rank: signaling social class in face-to-face encounters. Fiske, S.T., Markus, H.R., (eds.) Facing Social Class: How Societal Rank Influences Interaction, 2012, Russell Sage, 152–172.
    • (2012) Facing Social Class: How Societal Rank Influences Interaction , pp. 152-172
    • Kraus, M.W.1    Rheinschmidt, M.L.2    Piff, P.K.3
  • 17
    • 84863766498 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unseen disadvantage: how American universities’ focus on independence undermines the academic performance of first-generation college students
    • Stephens, N.M., Fryberg, S.A., Markus, H.R., Johnson, C., Covarrubias, R., Unseen disadvantage: how American universities’ focus on independence undermines the academic performance of first-generation college students. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 102 (2012), 1178–1197.
    • (2012) J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. , vol.102 , pp. 1178-1197
    • Stephens, N.M.1    Fryberg, S.A.2    Markus, H.R.3    Johnson, C.4    Covarrubias, R.5
  • 18
    • 84988850599 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • American individualism rises and falls with the economy: cross-temporal evidence that individualism declines when the economy falters
    • Bianchi, E.C., American individualism rises and falls with the economy: cross-temporal evidence that individualism declines when the economy falters. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 111 (2016), 567–584.
    • (2016) J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. , vol.111 , pp. 567-584
    • Bianchi, E.C.1
  • 20
    • 84961289004 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Power and morality
    • Reviews how aspects of power (including social class) influence morality, including self-interest.
    • 20• Lammers, J., Galinsky, A.D., Dubois, D., Rucker, D.D., Power and morality. Curr. Opin. Psychol. 6 (2015), 15–19 Reviews how aspects of power (including social class) influence morality, including self-interest.
    • (2015) Curr. Opin. Psychol. , vol.6 , pp. 15-19
    • Lammers, J.1    Galinsky, A.D.2    Dubois, D.3    Rucker, D.D.4
  • 22
    • 84994262647 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social class and the motivational relevance of other human beings: evidence from visual attention
    • Provides evidence for social class differences in attention to others.
    • 22• Dietze, P., Knowles, E.D., Social class and the motivational relevance of other human beings: evidence from visual attention. Psychol. Sci. 27 (2016), 1517–1527 Provides evidence for social class differences in attention to others.
    • (2016) Psychol. Sci. , vol.27 , pp. 1517-1527
    • Dietze, P.1    Knowles, E.D.2
  • 23
    • 58149312787 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Signs of socioeconomic status: a thin-slicing approach
    • Kraus, M.W., Keltner, D., Signs of socioeconomic status: a thin-slicing approach. Psychol. Sci. 20 (2009), 99–106.
    • (2009) Psychol. Sci. , vol.20 , pp. 99-106
    • Kraus, M.W.1    Keltner, D.2
  • 25
    • 85021076138 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The class-compassion gap: how socioeconomic factors influence compassion
    • E. Seppala J. Doty M. Worline D. Cameron S. Brown E. Simon-Thomas Oxford University Press Reviews theory and evidence linking social class to compassion and other-regarding behavior.
    • 25•• Piff, P.K., Moskowitz, J., The class-compassion gap: how socioeconomic factors influence compassion. Seppala, E., Doty, J., Worline, M., Cameron, D., Brown, S., Simon-Thomas, E., (eds.) Oxford Handbook of Compassion Science, 2017, Oxford University Press, 317–330 Reviews theory and evidence linking social class to compassion and other-regarding behavior.
    • (2017) Oxford Handbook of Compassion Science , pp. 317-330
    • Piff, P.K.1    Moskowitz, J.2
  • 26
    • 79953294038 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social class, contextualism, and empathic accuracy
    • Kraus, M.W., Côté, S., Keltner, D., Social class, contextualism, and empathic accuracy. Psychol. Sci. 21 (2010), 1716–1723.
    • (2010) Psychol. Sci. , vol.21 , pp. 1716-1723
    • Kraus, M.W.1    Côté, S.2    Keltner, D.3
  • 27
    • 33646417315 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The neural basis of mentalizing
    • Frith, C.D., Frith, U., The neural basis of mentalizing. Neuron 50 (2006), 531–534.
    • (2006) Neuron , vol.50 , pp. 531-534
    • Frith, C.D.1    Frith, U.2
  • 29
    • 77954469452 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social cognitive neuroscience
    • S.T. Fiske D.T. Gilbert G. Lindzey McGraw-Hill
    • Lieberman, M.D., Social cognitive neuroscience. Fiske, S.T., Gilbert, D.T., Lindzey, G., (eds.) Handbook of Social Psychology, 2010, McGraw-Hill, 143–193.
    • (2010) Handbook of Social Psychology , pp. 143-193
    • Lieberman, M.D.1
  • 33
    • 84867377798 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Class and compassion: socioeconomic factors predict responses to suffering
    • Stellar, J.E., Manzo, V.M., Kraus, M.W., Keltner, D., Class and compassion: socioeconomic factors predict responses to suffering. Emotion 12 (2012), 449–459.
    • (2012) Emotion , vol.12 , pp. 449-459
    • Stellar, J.E.1    Manzo, V.M.2    Kraus, M.W.3    Keltner, D.4
  • 34
    • 3442896783 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Psychological entitlement: interpersonal consequences and validation of a self-report measure
    • Campbell, W.K., Bonacci, A.M., Shelton, J., Exline, J.J., Bushman, B.J., Psychological entitlement: interpersonal consequences and validation of a self-report measure. J. Pers. Assess. 83 (2004), 29–45.
    • (2004) J. Pers. Assess. , vol.83 , pp. 29-45
    • Campbell, W.K.1    Bonacci, A.M.2    Shelton, J.3    Exline, J.J.4    Bushman, B.J.5
  • 35
    • 84890821642 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wealth and the inflated self: class, entitlement, and narcissism
    • Piff, P.K., Wealth and the inflated self: class, entitlement, and narcissism. Pers. Soc. Psychol. Bull. 40 (2014), 34–43.
    • (2014) Pers. Soc. Psychol. Bull. , vol.40 , pp. 34-43
    • Piff, P.K.1
  • 36
    • 84866444543 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A sociocultural approach to narcissism: the case of modern China
    • Cai, H., Kwan, V.S.Y., Sedikides, C., A sociocultural approach to narcissism: the case of modern China. Eur. J. Pers. 26 (2012), 529–535.
    • (2012) Eur. J. Pers. , vol.26 , pp. 529-535
    • Cai, H.1    Kwan, V.S.Y.2    Sedikides, C.3
  • 37
    • 0344154602 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Individual differences in narcissism: inflated self-views across the lifespan and around the world
    • Foster, J.D., Campbell, W.K., Twenge, J.M., Individual differences in narcissism: inflated self-views across the lifespan and around the world. J. Res. Pers. 37 (2003), 469–486.
    • (2003) J. Res. Pers. , vol.37 , pp. 469-486
    • Foster, J.D.1    Campbell, W.K.2    Twenge, J.M.3
  • 38
    • 72949087943 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Personality, socioeconomic status, and all-cause mortality in the United States
    • Chapman, B.P., Fiscella, K., Kawachi, I., Duberstein, P.R., Personality, socioeconomic status, and all-cause mortality in the United States. Am. J. Epidemiol. 171 (2010), 83–92.
    • (2010) Am. J. Epidemiol. , vol.171 , pp. 83-92
    • Chapman, B.P.1    Fiscella, K.2    Kawachi, I.3    Duberstein, P.R.4
  • 39
    • 33644869403 scopus 로고
    • Encouraging words concerning the evidence for altruism
    • Batson, C.D., Shaw, L.L., Encouraging words concerning the evidence for altruism. Psychol. Inq. 2 (1991), 159–168.
    • (1991) Psychol. Inq. , vol.2 , pp. 159-168
    • Batson, C.D.1    Shaw, L.L.2
  • 40
    • 77958575118 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Having less, giving more: the influence of social class on prosocial behavior
    • Exemplar of research linking higher social class to decreased prosocial behavior.
    • 40•• Piff, P.K., Kraus, M.W., Côté, S., Cheng, B.H., Keltner, D., Having less, giving more: the influence of social class on prosocial behavior. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 99 (2010), 771–784 Exemplar of research linking higher social class to decreased prosocial behavior.
    • (2010) J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. , vol.99 , pp. 771-784
    • Piff, P.K.1    Kraus, M.W.2    Côté, S.3    Cheng, B.H.4    Keltner, D.5
  • 41
    • 84937003653 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Roots and benefits of costly giving: young children's altruism is related to having less family wealth and more autonomic flexibility
    • Miller, J., Kahle, S., Hastings, P., Roots and benefits of costly giving: young children's altruism is related to having less family wealth and more autonomic flexibility. Psychol. Sci. 26 (2015), 1038–1045.
    • (2015) Psychol. Sci. , vol.26 , pp. 1038-1045
    • Miller, J.1    Kahle, S.2    Hastings, P.3
  • 42
    • 84893023866 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Family income affects children's altruistic behavior in the dictator game
    • Chen, Y., Zhu, L., Chen, Z., Family income affects children's altruistic behavior in the dictator game. PLoS One, 8, 2013, e80419, 10.1371/journal.pone.0080419.
    • (2013) PLoS One , vol.8 , pp. e80419
    • Chen, Y.1    Zhu, L.2    Chen, Z.3
  • 43
    • 84920955962 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Money, emotions, and ethics across individuals and countries
    • Wang, L., Murnighan, J.K., Money, emotions, and ethics across individuals and countries. J. Bus. Ethics 125 (2014), 163–176.
    • (2014) J. Bus. Ethics , vol.125 , pp. 163-176
    • Wang, L.1    Murnighan, J.K.2
  • 45
    • 84925824876 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social class, power, and selfishness: when and why upper and lower class individuals behave unethically
    • Exemplar of social class differences in selfishness.
    • 45• Dubois, D., Rucker, D.D., Galinsky, A.D., Social class, power, and selfishness: when and why upper and lower class individuals behave unethically. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 108 (2015), 436–449 Exemplar of social class differences in selfishness.
    • (2015) J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. , vol.108 , pp. 436-449
    • Dubois, D.1    Rucker, D.D.2    Galinsky, A.D.3
  • 47
    • 33845607700 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tend and befriend: biobehavioral bases of affiliation under stress
    • Taylor, S.E., Tend and befriend: biobehavioral bases of affiliation under stress. Curr. Dir. Psychol. Sci. 15 (2006), 273–277.
    • (2006) Curr. Dir. Psychol. Sci. , vol.15 , pp. 273-277
    • Taylor, S.E.1
  • 49
    • 3042854555 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A theory of uncertainty orientation: implications for the study of individual differences within and across cultures
    • Shuper, P.A., Sorrentino, R.M., Otsubo, Y., Hodson, G., Walker, A.M., A theory of uncertainty orientation: implications for the study of individual differences within and across cultures. J. Cross-Cult. Psychol. 35 (2004), 460–480.
    • (2004) J. Cross-Cult. Psychol. , vol.35 , pp. 460-480
    • Shuper, P.A.1    Sorrentino, R.M.2    Otsubo, Y.3    Hodson, G.4    Walker, A.M.5
  • 50
    • 0003416018 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Giving and Volunteering in the United States
    • Independent Sector
    • Independent Sector, Giving and Volunteering in the United States. 2001, Independent Sector.
    • (2001)
    • Independent Sector1
  • 51
    • 34248215697 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The nature and causes of the U-shaped charitable giving profile
    • James, R.N. III, Sharpe, D.L., The nature and causes of the U-shaped charitable giving profile. Nonprofit Volunt. Sect. Q. 36 (2007), 218–238.
    • (2007) Nonprofit Volunt. Sect. Q. , vol.36 , pp. 218-238
    • James, R.N.1    Sharpe, D.L.2
  • 52
    • 85021126246 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Consumer Expenditures Survey
    • Bureau of Labor and Statistics
    • Bureau of Labor and Statistics, Consumer Expenditures Survey. 2013, Bureau of Labor and Statistics.
    • (2013)
    • Bureau of Labor and Statistics1
  • 53
    • 84941248844 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A large scale test of the effect of social class on prosocial behavior
    • Finds a positive relationship between social class and prosociality, and highlights the role of measurement, motivation, and context in shaping class differences in prosocial tendencies.
    • 53• Korndörfer, M., Egloff, B., Schmukle, S.C., A large scale test of the effect of social class on prosocial behavior. PLoS One, 10, 2015, e0133193, 10.1371/journal.pone.0133193 Finds a positive relationship between social class and prosociality, and highlights the role of measurement, motivation, and context in shaping class differences in prosocial tendencies.
    • (2015) PLoS One , vol.10 , pp. e0133193
    • Korndörfer, M.1    Egloff, B.2    Schmukle, S.C.3
  • 54
    • 33748372338 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nice guys finish first: the competitive altruism hypothesis
    • Hardy, C.L., Van Vugt, M., Nice guys finish first: the competitive altruism hypothesis. Pers. Soc. Psychol. Bull. 32 (2006), 1402–1413.
    • (2006) Pers. Soc. Psychol. Bull. , vol.32 , pp. 1402-1413
    • Hardy, C.L.1    Van Vugt, M.2
  • 55
    • 84994159045 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social class and prosocial behavior: the moderating role of public versus private contexts
    • Documents how the social context (i.e., anonymity) can moderate class differences in prosociality.
    • 55•• Kraus, M.W., Callaghan, B., Social class and prosocial behavior: the moderating role of public versus private contexts. Soc. Psychol. Pers. Sci. 7 (2016), 769–777 Documents how the social context (i.e., anonymity) can moderate class differences in prosociality.
    • (2016) Soc. Psychol. Pers. Sci. , vol.7 , pp. 769-777
    • Kraus, M.W.1    Callaghan, B.2
  • 56
    • 85007449425 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Both selfishness and selflessness start with the self: how wealth shapes responses to charitable appeals
    • Whillans, A.V., Caruso, E.M., Dunn, E.W., Both selfishness and selflessness start with the self: how wealth shapes responses to charitable appeals. J. Exp. Soc. Psychol. 70 (2017), 242–250.
    • (2017) J. Exp. Soc. Psychol. , vol.70 , pp. 242-250
    • Whillans, A.V.1    Caruso, E.M.2    Dunn, E.W.3
  • 57
    • 84881019197 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • For whom do the ends justify the means? Social class and utilitarian moral judgment
    • Côté, S., Piff, P.K., Willer, R., For whom do the ends justify the means? Social class and utilitarian moral judgment. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 104 (2013), 490–503.
    • (2013) J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. , vol.104 , pp. 490-503
    • Côté, S.1    Piff, P.K.2    Willer, R.3
  • 58
    • 84926063968 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parochial cooperation in humans: forms and functions of self-sacrifice in intergroup conflict
    • De Dreu, C.K.W., Balliet, D., Halevy, N., Parochial cooperation in humans: forms and functions of self-sacrifice in intergroup conflict. Adv. Motiv. Sci. 1 (2014), 1–47.
    • (2014) Adv. Motiv. Sci. , vol.1 , pp. 1-47
    • De Dreu, C.K.W.1    Balliet, D.2    Halevy, N.3
  • 59
    • 84973444507 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Class impressions: higher social class elicits lower prosociality
    • Van Doesum, N.J., Tybur, J.M., Van Lange, P.A.M., Class impressions: higher social class elicits lower prosociality. J. Exp. Soc. Psychol. 68 (2017), 11–20.
    • (2017) J. Exp. Soc. Psychol. , vol.68 , pp. 11-20
    • Van Doesum, N.J.1    Tybur, J.M.2    Van Lange, P.A.M.3
  • 60
    • 0033638959 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationship of subjective and objective social status with psychological and physiological functioning: preliminary data in healthy white women
    • Adler, N.E., Epel, E.S., Castellazzo, G., Ickovics, J.R., Relationship of subjective and objective social status with psychological and physiological functioning: preliminary data in healthy white women. Health Psychol. 19 (2000), 586–592.
    • (2000) Health Psychol. , vol.19 , pp. 586-592
    • Adler, N.E.1    Epel, E.S.2    Castellazzo, G.3    Ickovics, J.R.4
  • 61
    • 84952685625 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High economic inequality leads higher-income individuals to be less generous
    • Shows how inequality can moderate social class differences in prosocial behavior.
    • 61•• Côté, S., House, J., Willer, R., High economic inequality leads higher-income individuals to be less generous. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 112 (2015), 15838–15843 Shows how inequality can moderate social class differences in prosocial behavior.
    • (2015) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. , vol.112 , pp. 15838-15843
    • Côté, S.1    House, J.2    Willer, R.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.