Practical Review of Recognition and Management of Obesity and Lipohypertrophy in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

Clinical Infectious Diseases

Volumn 64, Issue 10, 2017, Pages 1422-1429

  Lake, Jordan E ^a   Stanley, Takara L ^b   Apovian, Caroline M ^c,d   Bhasin, Shalendar ^c   Brown, Todd T ^e   Capeau, Jaqueline ^f   Currier, Judith S ^g   Dube, Michael P ^h   Falutz, Julian ⁱ   Grinspoon, Steven K ^b   Guaraldi, Giovanni ^j   Martinez, Esteban ^k   McComsey, Grace A ^l   Sattler, Fred R ^h   Erlandson, Kristine M ^m  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United States)

^b HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United States)

^c Departments of Medicine and   (United States)

^d BOSTON UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^e JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^f SORBONNE UNIVERSITÉ   (France)

^g UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^h UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA   (United States)

ⁱ MCGILL UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^j UNIVERSITY OF MODENA AND REGGIO EMILIA   (Italy)

^k UNIVERSITY OF BARCELONA   (Spain)

^l CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^m UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

more..

Author keywords

antiretroviral therapy; human immunodeficiency virus (HIV); lipohypertrophy; obesity

Indexed keywords

GROWTH HORMONE; METFORMIN; ANTI HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS AGENT;

ADULT; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; CLINICAL ASSESSMENT; CLINICAL RESEARCH; CONSENSUS; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTED PATIENT; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; LIFESTYLE MODIFICATION; LIPECTOMY; LIPOHYPERTROPHY; OBESITY; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; RISK FACTOR; ROUX-EN-Y GASTRIC BYPASS; SLEEVE GASTRECTOMY; CD4 LYMPHOCYTE COUNT; COMPLICATION; DISEASE MANAGEMENT; DRUG EFFECTS; FEMALE; HIGHLY ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; HIV ASSOCIATED LIPODYSTROPHY; MALE;

ADIPOSITY; ANTI-HIV AGENTS; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY, HIGHLY ACTIVE; CD4 LYMPHOCYTE COUNT; DISEASE MANAGEMENT; FEMALE; HIV INFECTIONS; HIV-ASSOCIATED LIPODYSTROPHY SYNDROME; HUMANS; MALE; OBESITY; RISK FACTORS;

EID: 85019104626     PISSN: 10584838     EISSN: 15376591     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/cid/cix178     Document Type: Review

References (60)

1. Koethe JR, Jenkins CA, Lau B, et al.; North American AIDS Cohort Collaboration on Research and Design (NA-ACCORD). Rising obesity prevalence and weight gain among adults starting antiretroviral therapy in the United States and Canada. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2016; 32:50-8.
2. Taylor BS, Liang Y, Gardu LS, et al. High risk of obesity and weight gain for HIV-infected uninsured minorities. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2014; 65:e33-40.
3. Hasse B, Iff M, Ledergerber B, et al. Obesity trends and body mass index changes after starting antiretroviral treatment: The Swiss HIV Cohort Study. Open Forum Infect Dis 2014; 1:ofu040.
4. Guehi C, Badj A, Gabillard D, et al. High prevalence of being overweight and obese HIV-infected persons, before and after 24 months on early ART in the ANRS 12136 Temprano Trial. AIDS Res Ther 2016; 13:12.
5. Finkelstein JL, Gala P, Rochford R, Glesby MJ, Mehta S. HIV/AIDS and lipodystrophy: implications for clinical management in resource-limited settings. J Int AIDS Soc 2015; 18:19033.
6. Abrahams Z, Levitt N, Lesosky M, Maartens G, Dave J. Changes in body fat distribution on dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry in black South Africans starting first-line antiretroviral therapy. AIDS Patient Care STDS 2016; 30:455-62.
7. Miller J, Carr A, Emery S, et al. HIV lipodystrophy: prevalence, severity and correlates of risk in Australia. HIV Med 2003; 4:293-301.
8. Heymsfield SB, Wadden TA. Mechanisms, pathophysiology, and management of obesity. N Engl J Med 2017; 376:254-66.
9. World Health Organization. Obesity and overweight fact sheet. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization, 2016.
10. Hamdy OUG, Oral EA Obesity practice essentials. Medscape 2016. Available at: http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/123702-overview?pa=ITuIYPPrdEsfeqaniT9mQiz7JzbM9futrdUUOqoEtFrmSFjbI90% 2BSCtY2Q0IJ3K%2Fs7CF-3wx2Tu1U792SxywYLg%3D%3D.
11. Robles DTHJ. Lipodystrophy in HIV. Medscape 2016. Available at: http://emedicine. medscape.com/article/1082199-overview.
12. Swinburn B, Sacks G, Ravussin E. Increased food energy supply is more than sufficient to explain the US epidemic of obesity. Am J Clin Nutr 2009; 90:1453-6.
13. Staff MC. Obesity risk factors. 2015. Available at: http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/obesity/basics/risk-factors/con-20014834.
14. Tchkonia T, Morbeck DE, Von Zglinicki T, et al. Fat tissue, aging, and cellular senescence. Aging Cell 2010; 9:667-84.
15. Nehra V, Allen JM, Mailing LJ, Kashyap PC, Woods JA. Gut microbiota: modulation of host physiology in obesity. Physiology (Bethesda) 2016; 31:327-35.
16. Turnbaugh PJ, Ley RE, Mahowald MA, Magrini V, Mardis ER, Gordon JI. An obesity-Associated gut microbiome with increased capacity for energy harvest. Nature 2006; 444:1027-31.
17. Duca FA, Swartz TD, Sakar Y, Covasa M. Increased oral detection, but decreased intestinal signaling for fats in mice lacking gut microbiota. PLoS One 2012; 7:e39748.
18. Cani PD, Amar J, Iglesias MA, et al. Metabolic endotoxemia initiates obesity and insulin resistance. Diabetes 2007; 56:1761-72.
19. Trent CM, Blaser MJ. Microbially produced acetate: A "missing link" in understanding obesity? Cell Metab 2016; 24:9-10.
20. Parekh PJ, Nayi VR, Johnson DA, Vinik AI. The role of gut microflora and the cholinergic anti-inflammatory neuroendocrine system in diabetes mellitus. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2016; 7:55.
21. Lopes HF, Corr-Giannella ML, Consolim-Colombo FM, Egan BM. Visceral adiposity syndrome. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2016; 8:40.
22. Srinivasa S, Fitch KV, Wong K, et al. RAAS activation is associated with visceral adiposity and insulin resistance among HIV-infected patients. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2015; 100:2873-82.
23. Figueroa AL, Takx RA, MacNabb MH, et al. Relationship between measures of adiposity, arterial inflammation, and subsequent cardiovascular events. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 2016; 9:e004043.
24. Neeland IJ, Ayers CR, Rohatgi AK, et al. Associations of visceral and abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue with markers of cardiac and metabolic risk in obese adults. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2013; 21:E439-47.
25. du Plessis J, van Pelt J, Korf H, et al. Association of adipose tissue inflammation with histologic severity of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Gastroenterology 2015; 149:635-48 e14.
26. Gallego-Escuredo JM, Villarroya J, Domingo P, et al. Differentially altered molecular signature of visceral adipose tissue in HIV-1-Associated lipodystrophy. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2013; 64:142-8.
27. Damouche A, Lazure T, Avettand-Fo V, et al. Adipose tissue is a neglected viral reservoir and an inflammatory site during chronic HIV and SIV infection. PLoS Pathog 2015; 11:e1005153.
28. Vidal F, Domingo P, Villarroya F, et al. Adipogenic/lipid, inflammatory, and mitochondrial parameters in subcutaneous adipose tissue of untreated HIV-1-infected long-Term nonprogressors: significant alterations despite low viral burden. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2012; 61:131-7.
29. Agarwal N, Balasubramanyam A. Viral mechanisms of adipose dysfunction: lessons from HIV-1 Vpr. Adipocyte 2015; 4:55-9.
30. Torriani M, Srinivasa S, Fitch KV, et al. Dysfunctional subcutaneous fat with reduced dicer and brown adipose tissue gene expression in HIV-infected patients. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2016; 101:1225-34.
31. Guaraldi G, Luzi K, Bellistr GM, et al. CD8 T-cell activation is associated with lipodystrophy and visceral fat accumulation in antiretroviral therapy-Treated virologically suppressed HIV-infected patients. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2013; 64:360-6.
32. Rietschel P, Hadigan C, Corcoran C, et al. Assessment of growth hormone dynamics in human immunodeficiency virus-related lipodystrophy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2001; 86:504-10.
33. Srinivasa S, Fitch KV, Wong K, et al. RAAS activation is associated with visceral adiposity and insulin resistance among HIV-infected patients. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2015; 100:2873-82.
34. Gard P. Gut microbiota and obesity. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:147-62.
35. Carr A, Miller J, Law M, Cooper DA. A syndrome of lipoatrophy, lactic acidaemia and liver dysfunction associated with HIV nucleoside analogue therapy: contribution to protease inhibitor-related lipodystrophy syndrome. AIDS 2000; 14:F25-32.
36. Mallal SA, John M, Moore CB, James IR, McKinnon EJ. Contribution of nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors to subcutaneous fat wasting in patients with HIV infection. AIDS 2000; 14:1309-16.
37. Guaraldi G, Stentarelli C, Zona S, et al. The natural history of HIV-Associated lipodystrophy in the changing scenario of HIV infection. HIV Med 2014; 15:587-94.
38. McComsey GA, Moser C, Currier J, et al. Body composition changes after initiation of raltegravir or protease inhibitors: ACTG A5260s. Clin Infect Dis 2016; 62:853-62.
39. McComsey GA, Kitch D, Sax PE, et al. Peripheral and central fat changes in subjects randomized to abacavir-lamivudine or tenofovir-emtricitabine with atazanavir-ritonavir or efavirenz: ACTG study A5224s. Clin Infect Dis 2011; 53:185-96.
40. Erlandson KM, Lake JE. Fat matters: understanding the role of adipose tissue in health in HIV infection. Curr HIV/AIDS Rep 2016; 13:20-30.
41. Caron-Debarle M, Lagathu C, Boccara F, Vigouroux C, Capeau J. HIV-Associated lipodystrophy: from fat injury to premature aging. Trends Mol Med 2010; 16:218-29.
42. Capel E, Auclair M, Caron-Debarle M, Capeau J. Effects of ritonavir-boosted darunavir, atazanavir and lopinavir on adipose functions and insulin sensitivity in murine and human adipocytes. Antivir Ther 2012; 17:549-56.
43. Biat V, Cervera P, Le Dour C, et al.; Lipodystrophy Study Group. LMNA mutations induce a non-inflammatory fibrosis and a brown fat-like dystrophy of enlarged cervical adipose tissue. Am J Pathol 2011; 179:2443-53.
44. Cereijo R, Gallego-Escuredo JM, Moure R, et al. The molecular signature of HIV-1-Associated lipomatosis reveals differential involvement of brown and beige/brite adipocyte cell lineages. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0136571.
45. Caron-Debarle M, Boccara F, Lagathu C, et al. Adipose tissue as a target of HIV-1 antiretroviral drugs. Potential consequences on metabolic regulations. Curr Pharm Des 2010; 16:3352-60.
46. Lake JE, Currier JS. Metabolic disease in HIV infection. Lancet Infect Dis 2013; 13:964-75.
47. Haubrich RH, Riddler SA, DiRienzo AG, et al.; AIDS Clinical Trials Group (ACTG) A5142 Study Team. Metabolic outcomes in a randomized trial of nucleoside, nonnucleoside and protease inhibitor-sparing regimens for initial HIV treatment. AIDS 2009; 23:1109-18.
48. Vrouenraets SM, Wit FW, Fernandez Garcia E, et al.; BASIC Study Group. Randomized comparison of metabolic and renal effects of saquinavir/r or atazanavir/r plus tenofovir/emtricitabine in treatment-na e HIV-1-infected patients. HIV Med 2011; 12:620-31.
49. Moyle GJ, Hardy H, Farajallah A, DeGrosky M, McGrath D. Comparison of body composition changes between atazanavir/ritonavir and lopinavir/ritonavir each in combination with tenofovir/emtricitabine in antiretroviral-na e patients with HIV-1 infection. Clin Drug Investig 2014; 34:287-96.
50. Martinez E, Gonzalez-Cordon A, Ferrer E, et al.; ATADAR Study Group. Differential body composition effects of protease inhibitors recommended for initial treatment of HIV infection: A randomized clinical trial. Clin Infect Dis 2015; 60:811-20.
51. Koethe JR, Jenkins CA, Turner M, et al. Body mass index and the risk of incident noncommunicable diseases after starting antiretroviral therapy. HIV Med 2015; 16:67-72.
52. Hotamisligil GS. Inflammation and metabolic disorders. Nature 2006; 444:860-7.
53. Lebovitz HE. The relationship of obesity to the metabolic syndrome. Int J Clin Pract Suppl 2003; 134:18-27.
54. Mave V, Erlandson KM, Gupte N, et al.; ACTG PEARLS and NWCS 319 Study Team. Inflammation and change in body weight with antiretroviral therapy initiation in a multinational cohort of HIV-infected adults. J Infect Dis 2016; 214:65-72.
55. Hirigo AT, Tesfaye DY. Influences of gender in metabolic syndrome and its components among people living with HIV virus using antiretroviral treatment in Hawassa, southern Ethiopia. BMC Res Notes 2016; 9:145.
56. Stambullian M, Feliu MS, Cassetti LI, Slobodianik NH. Nutritional status and lipid profile in HIV-infected adults. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2015; 15:302-7.
57. Hulgan T, Boger MS, Liao DH, et al. Urinary eicosanoid metabolites in HIV-infected women with central obesity switching to raltegravir: An analysis from the women, integrase, and fat accumulation trial. Mediators Inflamm 2014; 2014:803095.
58. Scherzer R, Heymsfield SB, Lee D, et al.; Study of Fat Redistribution and Metabolic Change in HIV Infection (FRAM). Decreased limb muscle and increased central adiposity are associated with 5-year all-cause mortality in HIV infection. AIDS 2011; 25:1405-14.
59. Lake JE, Wohl D, Scherzer R, et al. Regional fat deposition and cardiovascular risk in HIV infection: The FRAM study. AIDS Care 2011; 23:929-38.
60. Palella FJ Jr, McKibben R, Post WS, et al. anatomic fat depots and coronary plaque among human immunodeficiency virus-infected and uninfected men in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. Open Forum Infect Dis 2016; 3:ofw098.