Social movements and their technologies: Wiring social change

Social Movements and Their Technologies: Wiring Social Change

Volumn , Issue , 2013, Pages 1-233

  Milan, Stefania ^a,b,c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF AMSTERDAM   (Netherlands)

^b TILBURG UNIVERSITY   (Netherlands)

^c UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 85014526239     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1057/9781137313546     Document Type: Book

References (476)

1. Ackerman, B. (1994) "Rooted Cosmopolitanism", Ethics, 104(3), 516-535.
2. Adler, P., P. Adler and B. E. Rochford Jr. (1986) "The Politics of Participation in Field Research", Urban life, 14(4), 363-377.
3. Alegre, A. and S. ó Siochrú (2005) "Communication Rights", in A. Ambrosi, V. Peugeot and D. Pimienta (eds.)World Matters. Multicultural Perspectives on Information Societies (Paris: C∧F Editions) 49-72.
4. AMARC (2003) Statutes Kathmandu, Nepal, 27 February, http://www.amarc.org/index. php?l=EN&p=AMARC_Statutes, January 22, 2008.
5. AMARC Africa and Panos Southern Africa (1998) What is Community Radio A Resource Guide, http://www.amarc.org/documents/manuals/What_is_CR_english. pdf, date accessed July 10, 2009.
6. AMARC Argentina (2010) Marcha a favor de la aplicación de la Ley de Servicios de Comunicación Audiovisual, 16 April, http://amarcargentina.org.ar/web/2010/04/marchaa- favor-de-la-aplicacion-de-la-ley-de-servicios-de-comunicacion-audiovisual/, date accessed December 1, 2011.
7. Amin, S. (1976) Unequal Development: An Essay on the Social Formations of Peripheral Capitalism (New York: Monthly Review Press).
8. Amnesty International (2001) Italy: G8 Genoa Policing Operation of July 2001, http:// www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/EUR30/012/2001/en/7a15fdf7-d8b3-11dd-ad8cf3d4445c118e/ eur300122001en.pdf, date accessed December 10, 2012.
9. Amnesty International (2011) Impunity for Violations Committed on the Occasion of the 2001 Genoa G8 Summit an Intolerable Stain on Italy's Human Rights Record, 9 July, http://amnesty.org/en/library/asset/EUR30/013/2011/en/55455e0b- 9bec-4361-b633-4751d17ebede/eur300132011en.pdf, date accessed February 2, 2013.
10. Andretta, M., D. della Porta, L. Mosca and H. Reiter (2002) Global, noglobal, new global. La protesta contro il G8 a Genova (Rome: Laterza).
11. Appiah, K. A. (2006) Cosmopolitanism: Ethics in a World of Strangers (New York: W.W. Norton).
12. Askanius, T. and J. Uldam (2011) "Online social media for radical politics: climate change activism on YouTube", International Journal of Electronic Governance, 4(1-2), 69-84.
13. Atton, C. (2002) Alternative Media (London and Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage).
14. Atton, C. (2004) An Alternative Internet: Radical Media, Politics and Creativity (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press).
15. Aurora, V. (2012) "Why Conference Harassment Matters", BlogHer, 10 August, http:// www.blogher.com/defcon-why-conference-harassment-matters?page=0,1, date accessed August 28, 2012.
16. Bagdikian, B. H. (2004) The New Media Monopoly (Boston, MA, USA: Beacon).
17. Bamford, J. (2009) The Shadow Factory: The NSA from 9/11 to the Eavesdropping on America (New York: First Anchor Books).
18. Bamford, J. (2012) "Inside the Matrix", Wired, 20(04), 78-85.
19. Barlow, J. P. (1996) A Declaration of the Independence of Cyberspace, http://homes.eff. org/~barlow/Declaration-Final.html, date accessed April 30, 2008.
20. Bendrath, R. (2009) "Privacy Activism 2.0", presentation at the Computers, Privacy & Data Protection International Conference, Brussels, 19 January, http://www. cpdpconferences.org/Resources/BendrathRalf.pdf, date accessed February 1, 2009.
21. Benford, R. D. and D. A. Snow (2000) "Framing Processes and Social Movements: An Overview and Assessment", Annual Review of Sociology, 26, 611-639.
22. Benford, R. D. (1987) Framing Activity, Meaning, and Social Movement Participation: The Nuclear Disarmament Movement (Ann Arbor, MI: UMI).
23. Bennett, C. J. (2008) The Privacy Advocates: Resisting the Spread of Surveillance (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press).
24. Bennett, L. W. (2003) "Communicating Global Activism", Information, Communication & Society, 6(2), 143-168.
25. Bennett, L. W. (2005) "Social Movements Beyond Borders: Understanding two eras of Transnational Activism", in D. della Porta and S. Tarrow (eds.) Transnational Protest and Global Activism (Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield) 203-226.
26. Bennett, L. W. and A. Segerberg (2011) "Digital Media and the Personalization of Collective Action", Information, Communication & Society, 14(6), 770-799.
27. Bennett,W. L. and A. Segerberg (2012) "The Logic of Connective Action", Information, Communication & Society, 15(5), 739-768.
28. Berardi, F., M. Jacquemet and G. Vitali (2003) Telestreet. Macchina immaginativa non omologata (Milan: Dalai Editore).
29. Beritelli, L. (ed.) (2012) Autistici & Inventati. +Kaos. 10 anni di hacking e mediattivismo (Milano: Autistici/Inventati and Agenzia X), http://www.autistici.org/img/book/aibook- kaos.pdf, date accessed November 10, 2012.
30. Berrigan, F. J. (1979) Community Communication: The Role of Community Media in Development (Paris: UNESCO).
31. Berry, D. M. (2008) Copy, Rip, Burn: The Politics of Copyleft and Open Source (London: Pluto Press).
32. Berzano, L., R. Gallini and C. Genova (2002) Liberi tutti. Centri sociali e case occupate a Torino (Torino: Ananke).
33. Bey, H. (1991) TAZ. The Temporary Autonomous Zone, Ontological Anarchy, Poetic Terrorism (New York: Autonomedia).
34. Binetti, D. (2012) "SOPA Scorecard: Internet 1, Lobbyists 0", TechCrunch, http:// techcrunch.com/2012/01/19/sopa-scorecard-internet-lobbyists/, date accessed January 19, 2012.
35. Bijker, W. E. and J. Law (eds.) (1992) Shaping Technology/Building Society. Studies in Sociotechnical Change (Cambridge, MA and London: MIT Press).
36. Blee, K. M. and V. Taylor (2002) "Semi-structured Interviewing in Social Movement Research", in B. Klandermans and S. Staggenborg (eds.) Methods of Social Movement Research (Minneapolis and London: University of Minnesota Press) 92-117.
37. Bob, C. (2002) The Marketing of Rebellion: Insurgents, Media, and International Activism (Cambridge, UK and New York: Cambridge University Press).
38. Bowman, S. and C. Willis (2003) We Media. How Audiences are Shaping the Future of News and Information (Reston, VA: American Press Institute).
39. Braman, S. (2006) Change of State: Information, Policy, and Power (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press).
40. Braybrooke, K. (2011) SHE-HACKERs. Millennials and Gender in European F/LOSS Communities, MSc dissertation (London: University College London), http://shehackers. kaibray.com, date accessed December 20, 2012.
41. Breindl, Y. (2010) "Internet-based Protest in European Policy-Making: The Case of Digital Activism", International Journal of E-Politics, 1(1), 57-72.
42. Breindl, Y. (2011) Hacking the Law: An Analysis of Internet-based Campaigning on Digital Rihts in the European Union, PhD dissertation (Brussels: Université Libre de Bruxelles).
43. Breindl, Y. and F. Briatte (2010) "Digital Network Repertoires and the Contentious Politics of Digital Copyright in France and the European Union", Paper Presented at the 'Internet, Politics, Policy 2010: An Impact Assessment' Conference (Oxford: Oxford Internet Institute) 16-17 September.
44. Brevini, B., A. Hintz and P. McCurdy (2013) BeyondWikiLeaks: Implications for the Future of Communications, Journalism and Society (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan).
45. Brooten, L. (2004) "Digital Deconstruction: Indymedia as a Process of Collective Critique", in R. D. Berenger (ed.) Global Media Goes to War (Spokane, WA: Marquette Books) 239-254.
46. Buckley, S. (2003) Community Radio for Development E-Discussion Briefing Paper: The Enabling Environment for Community Radio, http://www.id21.org/communityradio/ enabling.html, date accessed January 25, 2008.
47. Buckley, S., K. Duer, T. Mendel, and S. ó Siochrú with M. E. Price and M. Raboy (2008) Broadcasting, Voice, and Accountability: A Public Interest Approach to Policy, Law, and Regulation (Washington, DC: World Bank).
48. Burch, S. (2004) "Global Media Governance: Reflections from the WSIS Experience", Media Development, XLXI, 3-8.
49. Calabrese, A. (2004) "The Promise of a Civil Society: A Global Movement for Communication Rights", Continuum: Journal of Media & Cultural Studies, 18(3), 317-329.
50. Cammaerts, B. (2009) "Civil Society Participation in Multi-Stakeholder Processes: In-between Realism and Utopia", in L. Stein, C. Rodriquez and D. Kidd (eds.) Making Our Media (Cresskill, NJ: Hampton Press) 83-102.
51. Cammaerts, B. and C. Padovani (2006) "II World Summit on the Information Society: Esercizi di e-Governance fra 'Spazi di Luogo' e 'Spazi di Flusso' ", Comunicazione Politica, 7(11), 113-132.
52. Cammaerts, B., A. Mattoni and P. McCurdy (eds.) (2013) Mediation and Protest Movements (London: Intellect).
53. Carlsson, U. (2003) "The Rise and Fall of the NWICO", Nordicom Review, 24(2), 31-67.
54. Carpentier, N., R. Lie and J. Servaes (2002) "Making Community Media Work", in J. Servaes (ed.) Approaches to Development: Studies on Communication for Development (Paris: UNESCO) 1-46.
55. Carroll, W. K. (2007) "Hegemony and Counter-Hegemony in a Global Field", Studies in Social Justice, 1(1), 36-66.
56. Carroll, W. K. and R. A. Hackett (2006) "Democratic Media Activism through the Lens of Social Movement Theory", Media, Culture & Society, 28(1), 83-104.
57. Castells, M. (1996) The Rise of the Network Society (Oxford: Blackwell).
58. Castells, M. (1997) The Power of Identity (Malden, MA: Blackwell).
59. Castells, M. (2000) The Rise of the Network Society, 2nd edition (Oxford and Malden, MA: Blackwell).
60. Castells, M. (2009) Communication Power (Oxford/New York: Oxford University Press).
61. Chakravartty, P. and K. Sarikakis (2006) Media Policy and Globalization (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press).
62. Chapman, R. (1992) Selling the Sixties: The Pirates and Pop Music Radio (London: Routledge).
63. Chovanec, D. M. (2009) Between Hope and Despair: Women Learning Politics (Halifax: Fernwood).
64. Christensen, H. S. (2011) "Political Activities on the Internet: Slacktivism or Political Participation by Other Means" First Monday, 16(2), http://firstmonday.org/htbin/ cgiwrap/bin/ojs/index.php/fm/article/view/3336/2767, date accessed December 1, 2012.
65. Clemens, E. S. and D. C. Minkoff (2004) "Beyond the Iron Law: Rethinking the Place of Organizations in Social Movements Research", in D. A. Snow, S. A. Soule and H. Kriesi (eds.) The Blackwell Companion to Social Movements (Oxford: Blackwell) 155-170.
66. Cohen, J. L. and A. Arato (1992) Civil Society and Political Theory (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press).
67. Coleman, E. G. (2013a) Coding Freedom: The Ethics and Aesthetics of Hacking (Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press).
68. Coleman, E. G. (2013b) "Geeks are the New Guardians of Our Civil Liberties", Technology Review, 4 February, http://www.technologyreview.com/news/510641/geeks-arethe- new-guardians-of-our-civil-liberties/, date accessed February 4, 2013.
69. Coleman, E. G. (2013c) "Doing it for the Lulz: Anonymous and the Radical Politics of Dissent", in B. Brevini, A. Hintz and P. McCurdy (eds.) Beyond WikiLeaks: Implications for the Future of Communications, Journalism and Society (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan) 209-228.
70. Coleman, S. and Blumler, J. G. (2009) The Internet and Democratic Citizenship: Theory, Practice and Policy (Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press).
71. Collins, R. (2001) "Social Movements and the Focus on Emotional Attention", in J. Goodwin, J. M. Jasper, and F. Polletta (eds.) Passionate Politics. Emotions and Social Movements (Chicago: University of Chicago Press) 27-44.
72. Conway, J. (2003) "Civil Resistance and the 'Diversity of Tactics' in the Anti- Globalization Movement: Problems of Violence, Silence, and Solidarity in Activist Politics", Osgoode Hall Law Journal, 41(2), 506-529.
73. Costanza-Chock, S. (2003) "Mapping the Repertoire of Electronic Contention", in A. Open and D. Pompper (eds.) Representing Resistance: Media, Civil Disobedience and the Global Justice Movement (London: Prager) 173-191.
74. Costanza-Chock, S. (2005) "Autonomist Tools and Communications Democracy", paper for the Necessary Knowledge for a Democratic Public Sphere Program (New York: Social Science Research Council), http://webarchive.ssrc.org/programs/media/ publications/costanza-chock.7.final.doc, date accessed 10 July 2008.
75. Couldry, N. and J. Curran (2003) "The Paradox of Media Power", in N. Couldry and J. Curran (eds.) Contesting Media Power: Alternative Media in a Networked World (Boulder, CO: Rowman & Littlefield) 3-15.
76. Coyer, K., T. Dowmunt, and A. Fountain (2007) The Alternative Media Handbook (London: Routledge).
77. Coyer, K., A. Hintz and M. Plansak (2008) Access To Communication And Democratic Media Infrastructures In The Digital Environment: The Impact Of Convergence Digitalisation On Community Media Policy And Practice (Budapest: European Science Foundation).
78. Critical Art Ensemble (1993) The Electronic Disturbance (New York: Autonomedia).
79. Critical Art Ensemble (1996) Electronic Civil Disobedience and Other Unpopular Ideas (New York: Autonomedia).
80. Critical Art Ensemble (2001) Digital Resistance. Explorations in Tactical Media (New York: Autonomedia).
81. Croteau, D. (2005) "Which Side Are You On? The Tension Between Movement Scholarship and Activism", in D. Croteau, W. Hoynes and C. Ryan (eds.) Rhyming Hope and History: Activists, Academics, and Social Movement Scholarship (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press) 20-40.
82. Croteau, D., W. Hoynes and C. Ryan (eds.) (2005) Rhyming Hope and History: Activists, Academics, and Social Movement Scholarship (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press).
83. Curran, J., N. Fenton and D. Freedman (2012) Misunderstanding the Internet (London: Routledge).
84. D'Arcy, J. (1969) "Direct Broadcast Satellites and the Right of Man to Communicate", EBU Review, 118, 14-18.
85. D'Arcy, M. (1996) Galways' Pirate Women. A Global Trawl (Galway: Women's Pirate Press).
86. Davis, G. F., D. Mcadam,W. R. Scott and M. N. Zald (eds.) (2005) Social Movements and Organization Theory (New York: Cambridge University Press).
87. Day, R. J. F. (2005) Gramsci is Dead: Anarchist Currents in the Newest Social Movements (London and Ann Arbor, MI: Pluto Press).
88. De Cleyre, V. (2004) (A. J. Brigati (ed.)) The Voltairine De Cleyre Reader (Oakland, CA: AK Press).
89. De Sousa Santos, B. (2003) Il Forum Sociale. Per una globalizzazione alternativa (Troia: Città Aperta edizioni).
90. Deibert, R. J. (2013) Black Code: Inside the Battle for Cyberspace (Toronto: McClelland & Stewart).
91. Deibert, R. J., J. G. Palfrey, R. Rohozinski and J. Zittrain (2008) Access Denied: The Practice and Policy of Global Internet Filtering (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press).
92. Deibert, R. J., J. G. Palfrey, R. Rohozinski and J. Zittrain (eds.) (2010) Access Controlled: The Shaping of Power, Rights, and Rule in Cyberspace (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press).
93. Deibert, R. J., J. G. Palfrey, R. Rohozinski and J. Zittrain (eds.) (2011) Access Contested: Security, Identity, and Resistance in Asian Cyberspace (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press).
94. Delio, M. (2004) "Hacktivism and How It Got Here", Wired, 14 July, http://www. wired.com/techbiz/it/news/2004/07/64193?currentPage=all, date accessed January 5, 2012.
95. Della Porta, D. (ed.) (2007) The Global Justice Movement. Cross National and Transnational perspectives (Boulder, CO: Paradigm).
96. Della Porta, D. and S. Tarrow (eds.) (2005) Transnational Protest and Global Activism (Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield).
97. Della Porta, D. (2008b) "Eventful Protest, Global Conflicts", Distinktion, Scandinavian Journal of Social Theory, 17, 27-56.
98. Della Porta, D. and L. Mosca (2007) "Searching the Net: Website Styles in the Global Justice Movement", Paper presented in the symposium Changing Politics through Digital networks: The Role of ICTs in the Formation of New Social and Political Actors and Actions, Florence, 5-6 October.
99. Della Porta, D. and L. Mosca (2009) "Searching the net. Web Sites' Qualities in the Global Justice Movement", Information, Communication & Society, 12(6), 771-792.
100. Della Porta, D. and M. Diani (2006) Social Movements. An Introduction, 2nd edition (Oxford: Blackwell).
101. Della Porta, D. and M. Giugni (2012) "Emotions in Movement", in D. della Porta and D. Rucht (eds.) Meeting Democracy. Power and Democracy in Global Justice Movements (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press) 123-151.
102. Della Porta, D. and S. Tarrow (eds.) (2005a) Transnational Protest and Global Activism (Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield).
103. Della Porta, D. and S. Tarrow (2005b) "Transnational Processes and Social Activism: An Introduction", in D. della Porta and S. Tarrow (eds.) Transnational Protest and Global Activism (Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield) 1-17.
104. Denardis, L. (2009) Protocol Politics (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press).
105. Denzin, N. K. and Y. S. Lincoln (2005) "Introduction. The Discipline and Practice of Qualitative Research", in N. K. Denzin and Y. S. Lincoln (eds.) The Sage Handbook of Qualitative Research, 3rd edition (Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage) 1-32.
106. deprisa (2003) Telematica antagonista, software libero e informazione indipendente. Confronto fra comunità virtuali italiane e spagnole, MA dissertation (University of Florence).
107. Diamond, L. (2010) "Liberation Technology", Journal of Democracy, 3, 69-83.
108. Diani, M. (2003) "Introduction: Social Movements, Contentious Actions, and Social Networks: 'metaphor to substance?' ", in M. Diani and D. McAdam (eds.) Social Movements and Networks. Relational Approaches to Collective Action (New York: Oxford University Press) 1-18.
109. Diani, M. (2009) "The Structural Bases of Protest Events. Multiple Membership and Civil Society Networks in the 15 February 2003 Anti-War Demonstrations", Acta Sociologica, 52(1), 63-83.
110. Diani, M. and I. Bison (2004) "Organizations, Coalitions, and Movements", Theory and Society, 33, 281-309.
111. Diani M. and D. McAdam (eds.) (2003) Social Movements and Networks (Oxford: Oxford University Press).
112. Dichter, A. (2005) Together, We Know More: Networks and Coalitions to Advance Media Democracy, Communication Rights and the Public Sphere 1990-2005, paper for the Social Science Research Council, New York, http://www.ssrc.oprg/programs/media/ publications/Dichter.10.final.doc, date accessed July 15, 2006.
113. Dodaro, C., S. Marino and M. C. Rodriguez (2009) "Collective Action and Militant Documentary Cinema in Argentina", in L. Stein, D. Kidd and C. Rodriguez (eds.) Making Our Media. Global Initiatives Toward a Democratic Public Sphere. Volume Two. National and Global Movements for Democratic Communication (Cresskill, NJ: Hampton Press) 31-49.
114. Dodds, F. (2002) "Multi-stakeholder Process in Context of Global Governance Reform", in M. Hemmati (ed.) Multi-stakeholder Processes for Governance and Sustainability Beyond Deadlock and Conflict (London: Earthscan) 26-38.
115. Doherty, B., A. Plows and D. Wall (2003) "The Preferred Way of Doing Things: The British Direct Action Movement", Parliamentary Affairs, 56, 669-686.
116. Downing, J. D. H. (1984) Radical Media: The Political Experience of Alternative Communication (Boston: South End Press).
117. Downing, J. D. H. (1996) Internationalising Media Theory. Transition, Power, Culture: Reflections on Media in Russia, Poland, and Hungary, 1980-1995 (London: Sage).
118. Downing, J. D. H. (2001) Radical Media. Rebellious Communication and Social Movements (Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage).
119. Downing, J. D. H. (2003) "The Independent Media Center Movement and the Anarchist Socialist Tradition", in N. Couldry and J. Curran (eds.) Contesting Media Power. Alternative Media in a Networked World (Boulder, CO: Rowman & Littlefield) 243-257.
120. Downing, J. D. H. (ed.) (2010) Encyclopedia of Social Movement Media (Los Angeles and London: Sage).
121. Dunbar-Hester, C. (2008) "Geeks, Meta-Geeks, and Gender Trouble: Activism, Identity, and Low-Power FM Radio", Social Studies of Science, 38(2), 201-232.
122. Dunbar-Hester, C. (2012) "Soldering Toward Media Democracy. Technical Practice as Symbolic Value in Radio Activism", Journal of Communication Inquiry, 36(2), 149-169.
123. Dunbar-Hester, C. and G. Coleman (2012) "Engendering Change Gender Advocacy in Open Source", Culture Digitally blog, 26 June, http://culturedigitally.org/2012/ 06/engendering-change-gender-advocacy-in-open-source/, date accessed August 10, 2012.
124. Edwards, B. and J. D. Mccarthy (2004) "Resources and Social Movement Mobilization", in D. A. Snow, S. A. Soule and H. Kriesi (eds.) The Blackwell Companion to Social Movements (Oxford: Blackwell) 116-152.
125. Eisinger, P. K. (1973) "The Conditions of Protest Behavior in American Cities", American Political Science Review, 67, 11-28.
126. Eltantawy, N. and J. B. Wiest (2011) "Social Media in the Egyptian Revolution: Reconsidering Resource Mobilization Theory", International Journal of Communication, 5, 1207-1224.
127. Enzensberger, H. M. (1974) The Consciousness Industry: On Literature, Politics and the Media (New York: Seabury).
128. Esteva, G. and M. S. Prakash (1998) Grassroots Post-modernism. Remaking the Soil of Cultures (London: Zed Books).
129. Eterovic, I. and J. Smith (2001) "From Altruism to a New Transnationalism A Look at Transnational Social Movements", in M. Giugni and F. Passy (eds.) Political Altruism Solidarity Movements in International Perspective (Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield) 197-218.
130. European Parliament (2008) Report on Community Media in Europe, Document No. A6-0263/2008.
131. Eyerman, R. (2005) "How Social Movements Move: Emotions and Social Movements", in H. Flam and D. King (eds.) Emotions and Social Movements (London: Routledge) 41-57.
132. Eyerman, R. and A. Jamison (1991) Social Movements. A Cognitive Approach (Cambridge: Polity Press).
133. Feigenbaum, A., F. Frenzel and P. McCurdy (2013) Protest Camps (London: Zed Books).
134. Fenton, N (2009) New Media, Old News: Journalism and Democracy in the Digital Age (London: Sage).
135. Fenton, N. and V. Barassi (2011) "Alternative Media and Social Networking Sites: The Politics of Individualization and Political Participation", Communication Review, 14(30), 179-196.
136. Finnegan, W. (2003) "Affinity Group and the Movement Against Corporate Globalization", in J. Goodwin and J. M. Jasper (eds.) The Social Movements Reader (Oxford: Blackwell) 210-218.
137. Finnemore, M. and K. Sikkink (1998) "International Norm Dynamics and Political Change", International Organization, 52, 887-917.
138. Flacks, R. (2005) "The Questions of Relevance in Social Movement Studies", in D. Croteau, W. Hoynes and C. Ryan (eds.) Rhyming Hope and History: Activists, Academics, and Social Movement Scholarship (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press) 3-19.
139. Flew, T. (2007) Understanding Global Media (New York: Palgrave Macmillan).
140. FLOSSPOLS project (2006) "Gender: Integrated Report of Findings, University of Cambridge", http://www.flosspols.org/deliverables/FLOSSPOLS-D16-Gender_ Integrated_ Report_of_Findings.pdf, date accessed 10 June 2010.
141. Fornaca, A. (2002) Il movimento DIY: Culture di resistenza e azione diretta, MA dissertation, (University of Milan).
142. Fournier, V. (2002) "Utopianism and the Cultivation of Possibilities: Grassroots Movements of Hope", in M. Parker (ed.) Utopia and Organization (Oxford: Blackwell) 189-216.
143. Fox, E. and S. Waisbord (eds.) (2002) Latin Politics, Global Media (Austin: University of Texas Press).
144. Franzen, C. (2012) "How The Web Killed SOPA and PIPA", TalkingPointMemo, 20 January, http://idealab.talkingpointsmemo.com/2012/01/how-the-web-killed-sopaand- pipa.php, date accessed January 30, 2012.
145. Frau-Meigs, D., J. Nicey, M. Palmer, J. Pohle and P. Tupper (eds.) (2012) From NWICO to WSIS: 30 Years of Communication Geopolitics. Actors and Flows, Structures and Divides (London: Intellect).
146. Frediani, C. (2013) Inside Anonymous: A Journey into the World of Cyberactivism (Milan: Informant).
147. Free Software Foundation (1987) The GNU Manifesto, http://www.gnu.org/gnu/ manifesto.html, date accessed March 30, 2006.
148. Freeman, J. (1972) The Tyranny of Structurelessness, http://www.jofreeman.com/joreen/ tyranny.htm, date accessed June 1, 2008.
149. Freire, P. (1968/2007) Pedagogy of the Oppressed (New York: Continuum).
150. Frikel, S. and N. Gross (2005) "A General Theory of Scientific/Intellectual Movements", American Sociological Review, 70, 204-232.
151. Gallagher, M. (2001) Gender setting. New Agendas for Media Monitoring and Advocacy (London: Zed Books).
152. Gamson, W. A. (1992) Talking Politics (Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press).
153. Gamson, W. A. and D. S. Meyer (1996) "Framing Political Opportunity", in D. McAdam, J. D. McCarthy and M. N. Zald (eds.) Comparative Perspectives on Social Movements. Political Opportunities, Mobilizing Structures, and Cultural Framings (Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press) 275-290.
154. Ganz, K. (2013) "Situated activism for a digital society: The political discourse of Germany's internet movement", paper for the 8th Conference of Interpretive Policy Analysis, Vienna, July 4.
155. Garcia, D. and G. Lovink (1997) The ABC of Tactical Media, http://www.nettime.org/ Lists-Archives/nettime-9705/msg00096.html, date accessed April 15, 2006.
156. Garcia, D. and G. Lovink (1999) The DEF of Tactical Media, http://www.nettime.org/ Lists-Archives/nettime-9902/msg00104.html, date accessed April 15, 2006.
157. Gastil, J. (1993) Democracy in Small Groups. Participation, Decision Making & Communication (Philadelphia, PA and Gabriola Island, BC: New Society Publishers).
158. Gerhards, J. and D. Rutch (1992) "Mesomobilization: Organizing and Framing in Two Protest Campaigns in West Germany", American Journal of Sociology, 98(3), 555-596.
159. Gerlach, L. P. (1987) "Protest Movements and the Construction of Risk", in B. B. Johnson and V. T. Covello (eds.) The Social and Cultural Construction of Risk: Essays on Risk Selection and Perception (Dordrecht: D. Reidel) 103-145.
160. GermanWorking Group on Data Retention (2008) Report of the 'Freedom not Fear' worldwide protests against surveillance, 12 October, http://www.vorratsdatenspeicherung. de/content/view/267/79/lang,en/, date accessed July 10, 2009.
161. Gerbaudo, P. (2012) Tweets and the Streets. Social Media and Contemporary Activism (London: Pluto Press).
162. Giffard, A. (1989) UNESCO and the Media (London: Longman).
163. Gillmor, D. K. (2007) "Technical Architecture Shapes Social structure", in A. López, J. McClelland, E. Goldhagen, D. K. Gillmor and A. B. Hickman (eds.) The Organic Internet. Organizing History's Largest Social Movement (New York: Entremundos) 55-68.
164. Giugni, M. and F. Passy (eds.) (2001) Political Altruism Solidarity Movements in International Perspective (Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield).
165. Glaser, B. G. and A. L. Strauss (1967) The discovery of grounded theory. Strategies for qualitative research (New Brunswick and London: Aldine Transaction).
166. Golding, P. and P. Harris (eds.) (1997) Beyond Cultural Imperialism: Globalization, Communication and the new International Order (London: Sage).
167. Goldman, E. (1974) Anarchism and Other Essays (New York: Dover).
168. Goodwin, J. and J. M. Jasper (1999) "Caught in a Winding, Snarling Vine: The Structural bias of Political Process Theory", Sociological Forum, 14(19), 1-35.
169. Goodwin, J., J. M. Jasper and F. Polletta (2000) "The Return of the Oppressed: The Fall and Rise of Emotions in Social Movement Theory", Mobilization, 5(1), 65-83.
170. Goodwin, J., J. M. Jasper and F. Polletta (2001) Passionate Politics: Emotions and Social Movements (Chicago: University of Chicago Press).
171. Granjon, F. (2010) "Free Radio Movement, 1974-81 (France)", in J. D. H. Downing (ed.) Encyclopedia of Social Movement Media (Los Angeles and London: Sage) 208-211.
172. Greenwood, D. J. and M. Levin (2005) "Reform of the Social Sciences and of Universities through Action Research", in N. K. Denzin and Y. S. Lincoln (eds.) The Sage Handbook of Qualitative Research, 3rd edition (Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage) 43-64.
173. Guba, E. G. and Y. S. Lincoln (2005) "Paradigmatic Controversies, Contradictions, and Wmerging Confluences", in N. K. Denzin and Y S. Lincoln (eds.) The Sage Handbook of Qualitative Research, 3rd edition (Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage) 191-215.
174. Gumucio-Dagron, A. (2001) Making waves. Stories of Participatory Communication for Social Change: A Report to the Rockefeller Foundation (New York: Rockefeller Foundation).
175. Haas, P. M. (1992) "Introduction: Communities and International Policy Coordination", International Organization, 56(1), 1-35.
176. Habermas, J. (1998) The Postnational Constellation. Political Essays (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press).
177. Hackett, R. A. (2000) "Taking Back the Media: Notes on the Potential for a Communicative Democracy Movement", Studies in Political Economy, 63, Autumn, 61-86.
178. Hackett R. A. and M. Adam (1999) "Is Media Democratization a Social Movement?", Peace Review, 11(1), 125-131.
179. Hackett, R. A. andW. K. Carroll (2004) "Critical Social Movements and Media Reform", Media Development, XLXI(1), 14-9.
180. Hackett, R. A. and W. K. Carroll (2006) Remaking Media. The Struggle to Democratize Public Communication (New York: Routledge).
181. Hadl, G. and A. Hintz (2009) "Framing Our Media for Transnational Policy: The World Summit on the Information Society and Beyond", in L. Stein, D. Kidd and C. Rodriguez (eds.) (2009) Making Our Media (Cresskill, NJ: Hampton Press) 103-21.
182. Hale, T. and D. Held (eds.) (2011) The Handbook of Transnational Governance: Institutions and Innovations (Cambridge, UK and Malden, MA: Polity Press).
183. Halleck, D. (2002) Hand-held Visions. The Impossible Possibilities of Community Media (New York: Fordham University Press).
184. Hamelink, C. (1983) Cultural Autonomy in Global Communications (London: Longman).
185. Hamelink, C. (1999) Human Development in World Communication and Information Report 1999-2000 (Paris: UNESCO).
186. Hamm, M. (2005) "Indymedia-Concatenations of Physical and Virtual Spaces", January, http://republicart. net/disc/publicum/hamm04_en.htm, date accessed July 10, 2009.
187. Hardt, M. and A. Negri (2000) Empire (Harvard: Harvard University Press).
188. Hardt, M. and A. Negri (2004) Multitude: War and Democracy in the Age of the Empire (London: Penguin).
189. Haunss, S. and D. K. Leach (2008) "Scenes and Social Movements", in H. Johnston (ed.) Culture, Social Movements, And Protest (Burlington, VT and Aldershot, UK: Ashgate) 255-276.
190. Haunss, S. and K. C. Shadlen (2009) Politics of Intellectual Property. Contestation over the Ownership, Use, and Control of Knowledge and Information (Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar).
191. Haunss, S. and L. Kohlmorgen (2009) "Lobbying or Politics Political Claims Making in IP Conflicts", in S. Haunss and K. C. Shadlen (eds.) The Politics of Intellectual Property (Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar), 107-128, http://ssrn.com/abstract= 1349656, date accessed March 30, 2009.
192. Held, D., A. Mcgrew, D. Goldblatt and J. Perraton (1999) Global Trasnformations. Politics, Economics and Culture (Cambridge: Polity Press).
193. Held, D (2000) A GlobalizingWorld Culture, Economics and Politics (New York and London: Routledge).
194. Herman, S. and R. W. Mcchesney (eds) (1997) The Global Media: The New Missionaries of Capitalism (London: Cassell).
195. Hess, D. J. (2005). "Technology- and Product-Oriented Movements: Approximating Social Movement Studies and Science and Technology Studies", Science, Technology & Human Values, 30(4), 515-535.
196. Hess, J., S. Breyman, N. Campbell and B. Martin (2008) "Science, Technology, and Social Movements", in E. J. Hackett, O. Amsterdamska, M. Lunch and J. Wajcman (eds.) The Handbook of Science and Technology Studies (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press), 473-398.
197. Himanen, P. (2001) The Hacker Ethic and the Spirit of the Information Age (New York: Random House).
198. Hine, C. (ed.) (2005) Virtual Methods. Issues in Social Research on the Internet (Oxford and New York: Berg).
199. Hine, C. (2005) "Virtual Methods and the Sociology of Cyber-Social-Scientific Knowledge", in C. Hine (ed.) Virtual Methods. Issues in Social Research on the Internet (Oxford and New York: Berg) 1-13.
200. Hintz, A. (2009) Civil Society Media and Global Governance: Intervening into the World Summit on the Information Society (Münster: Lit).
201. Hintz, A. (2011) "From Media Niche to Policy Spotlight: Mapping Community Media Policy in Latin America", Canadian Journal of Communication, 36(1), 147-159.
202. Hintz, A. (2012) "Challenging the Digital Gatekeepers: International Policy Initiatives for Free Expression", Journal of Information Policy, 2(2012), 128-150.
203. Hintz, A. and S. Milan (2007) "Towards a New Vision for Communication Governance? Civil Society Media at the World Social Forum and the World Summit on the Information Society", Communication for Development and Social Change, 1(1), 13-31.
204. Hintz, A. and S. Milan (2009a) "Movimenti sociali e governance della comunicazione globale: la sfida della partecipazione nei processi decisionali transnazionali", Partecipazione e conflitto, 2(2009), 111-134.
205. Hintz, A. and S. Milan (2009b) "At the Margins of Internet Governance: Grassroots Tech Groups and Communication Policy", International Journal of Media and Culture Policy, 5(1), 23-38.
206. Hintz, A. and S. Milan (2011) "User Rights for the Internet Age: Online Policy According to 'netizens' ", in R. Mansell and M. Raboy (eds.) The Handbook on Global Media and Communication Policy (Malden, MA and Oxford, UK: Blackwell) 230-241.
207. Hodder, I. (2002) "The Interpretation of Documents and Material Culture", in D. Weinberg (ed.) Qualitative Research Methods (Oxford: Blackwell) 266-280.
208. Hollander, E. and J. Stappers (1992) "Community Media and Community Communication", in N. W. Jankowski, O. Prehn and J. Stappers (eds.) The People's Voice: Local Radio and Television in Europe (London: John Libbey) 17-27.
209. Hollander, E., J. Stappers and N. W. Jankowski (2002) "Community Media and Community Communication", in N. W. Jankowki and O. Prehn (eds.) Community Media in the Information Age. Perspectives and Prospects (Cresskill, NJ: Hampton Press) 19-30.
210. Houghton, T. J. (2012) "Land of the Long Black Cloud: Copyright Globalization and Vital Counterpublicity in Aotearoa New Zealand", Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 56(4), 1-18.
211. Howard, A. (2012) "The Week the web Changed Washington", O'Reilly Radar, 20 January, http://radar.oreilly.com/2012/01/the-week-the-web-changed-washi.html, date accessed January 22, 2012.
212. Howley, K. (2005) Community Media: People, Places, and Community Technologies (Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press).
213. Howley, K. (ed.) (2009) Globalization and Communicative Democracy: Community Media in the 21st Century (Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage).
214. Huesca, R. (1995) "A Procedural View of Participatory Communication: Lessons from Bolivian Tin Miners' Radio", Media, Culture & Society, 17, 101-119.
215. Hughes, N. (2011) "'Young People Took the Streets and all of a Sudden all of the Political Parties Got Old': The 15M Movement in Spain", Social Movement Studies, 10(4), 407-413.
216. Husband, C. (2005) "Minority Ethnic Media As Communities of Practice: Professionalism and Identity Politics in Interaction", Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 31(3), 461-479.
217. IMC London (2012) "Time to Move on: IMC London Signing off", Indymedia London, 13 October, http://london.indymedia.org/articles/13128, date accessed October 15, 2012.
218. Imhorst, C. (2005) Anarchy and Source Code: What does the Free Software Movement have to do with Anarchism http://www.imhorst.net/pdfs/Anarchy_and_source:code.pdf, date accessed April 14, 2008.
219. Interdoc (1984) The Velletri Agreement (Neijmegen: Antenna).
220. Jakubowicz, K. (1993) "Stuck in a Groove: Why the 1960s Approach to Communication Democratization will no Longer do", in S. Splichal and J. Wasko (eds.) Communication and Democracy (Norwood, NJ: Ablex) 33-54.
221. Jallow, B. (1996) Women's Voices Crossing Frontiers. European Directory of Women's Community Radio Stations and Women's Radio Production Collectives (Sheffield: AMARC Europe Women's Network).
222. Jallow, B. (2012) Empowerment Radio: Voices Building a Community (Gudhjem, Denmak: Empowerhouse).
223. Jankowski, N. W., O. Prehn and J. Stappers (eds) (1992) The People's Voice. Local Radio and Television in Europe (London: John Libbey Media).
224. Jankowski, N. W. (2002) "The Conceptual Contours of Community Media", in N. W. Jankowski and O. Prehn (eds.) Community Media in the Information Age. Perspectives and Prospects (Cresskill, NJ: Hampton Press) 3-16.
225. Jankowski, N. W. and O. Prehn (eds.) (2002) Community Media in the Information Age. Perspectives and Prospects (Cresskill, NJ: Hampton Press).
226. Jasper, J. M. (1997) The Art of Moral Protest: Culture, Biography, and Creativity in Social Movements (Chicago: Chicago University Press).
227. Jasper, J. M. (1998) "The Emotions of Protest: Reactive and Affective Emotions in and Around Social Movements", Sociological Forum, 13, 397-424.
228. Jasper, J. M. (2007) "Cultural Approaches in the Sociology of Social Movements", in B. Klandermans and C. Roggeband (eds.) Handbook of Social Movements Across Disciplines (New York: Springer) 59-109.
229. Jenkins, C. J. (1983) "Resource Mobilization Theory and the Study of Social Movements", Annual Review of Sociology, 9, 527-553.
230. Johnston, H. (2002) "Verification and Proof in Frame and Discourse Analysis", in B. Klandermans and S. Staggenborg (eds.) Methods of Social Movement Research. (Minneapolis and London: University of Minnesota Press) 62-91.
231. Jordan, T. (2002) Activism! Direct Action, Hacktivism and the Future of Society (London: Reaktion Books).
232. Jordan, T. and P. A. Taylor (2004) Hackitivism and Cyberwars: Rebels with a Cause (London: Routledge).
233. Juris, J. S. (2005) "The New Digital Media and Activist Networking Within Anticorporate Globalisation Movements", Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 597, 189-208.
234. Juris, J. S. (2008) Networking Futures. The Movements Against Corporate Globalisation (Durham and London: Duke University Press).
235. Juris, J. S. (2012) "Reflections on #Occupy Everywhere: Social Media, Public Space, and Emerging Logics of Aggregation", American Ethnologist, 39(2), 259-279.
236. Kaldor, M. (2003) Global Civil Society: An Answer to War (Cambridge: Polity Press).
237. Kanter, R. M. (1972) Commitment and Community: Communes and Utopias in Sociological Perspective (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press).
238. Karatzogianni, A. and G. Michaelides (2009) "Cyberconflict at the Edge of Chaos: Cryptohierarchies and Self-organization in the Open Source", Capital and Class, 33(1), 143-157.
239. Karatzogianni, A. and A. Robinson (2010) Power, Resistance, and Conflict in the Contemporary World. Social Movements, Networks and Hierarchies (London and New York: Routledge).
240. Kavada, A. (2005) "Exploring the Role of the Internet in the 'Movement for Alternative Globalization': The Case of the Paris 2003 European Social Forum",Westminster Papers in Communication and Culture, 2(1), 72-95.
241. Kavada, A. (2009) "Email Lists and the Construction of an Open and Multifaceted Identity. The Case of the London 2004 European Social Forum", Information, Communication & Society, 12(6), September, 817-839.
242. Keane, J. (2003) Global Civil Society? (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).
243. Keck, M. and K. Sikkink (1998) Activists beyond Borders. Advocacy Networks in International Policy (London: Cornell University Press).
244. Khagram, S., J. V. Riker and K. Sikkink (2002) Restructuring World Politics (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota).
245. Kidd, D. (2001) "Introduction", Peace Review, 13(3), 325-329.
246. Kidd, D. (2003) "The Independent Media Center: A New Model", Media Development, IV, http://www.wacc.org.uk/wacc/publications/media_development/2003_4/ the_independent_media_center_a_new_model, date accessed May 2008.
247. Kidd, D. (2009) "Much more than a Little Byte: Citizens and Broadband", International Journal of Media and Cultural Politics, 5(2), 7-21.
248. Kidd, D. (2010) "Indymedia (The Independent Media Center)", in J. D. H. Downing (ed.) Encyclopedia of Social Movement Media (Los Angeles and London: Sage Publications, Inc) 267-270.
249. Kingdon, J. W. (1995) Agendas, Alternatives and Public Policies (New York: Longman).
250. Kivits, J. (2005) "Online Interviewing and the Research Relationship", in C. Hine (ed.) Virtual Methods. Issues in Social Research on the Internet (Oxford and New York: Berg) 36-49.
251. Klandermans, B. (2004) "The Demand and Supply of Participation: Social- Psychological Correlates of Participation in Social Movements", in D. A. Snow, S. A. Soule and H. Kriesi (eds.) The Blackwell Companion to Social Movements (Malden, MA and Oxford: Blackwell) 360-379.
252. Klandermans, B. and D. Oegema (1987) "Potentials, Networks, Motivations and Barriers", American Sociological Review, 52, 519-531.
253. Koopmans, R. (1992) Democracy from Below: New Social Movements and the Political System in West Germany (Boulder, CO: Westview).
254. Kriesi, H. (1990) The Political Opportunity Structure of New Social Movements: Its Impact on Their Mobilisation (Berlin: Wissenschaftszentrum Working Paper).
255. Kriesi, H. (1996) "The Organizational Structure of New Social Movements in a Political Context", in D. McAdam, J. D. McCarthy and M. N. Zald (eds.) Comparative Perspectives on Social Movements: Political Opportunities, Mobilizing Structures, and Cultural Framings (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press) 152-184.
256. Kriesi, H., R. Koopmans, J. W. Duyvendak and M. M. Giugni (1995) "Social Movements Types and Policy Domains", in H. Kriesi, R. Koopmans, J. W. Duyvendak and M. M. Giugni (eds.) New Social Movements in Western Europe. A Comparative Analysis (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota) 82-110.
257. Kruit, D. (2001) "Low Intensity Democracies: Latin America in the Post-dictatorial Era", Bulletin of Latin American Research, 20(4), 209-30.
258. Kvale, S. (1996) InterViews: An Introduction to Qualitative Research Interviewing (Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage).
259. Langlois, A. and F. Dubois (eds.) (2005) Autonomous Media: Activating Resistance & Dissent (Montréal: Cumulus Press).
260. Lave, J. and E. Wenger (1991) Situated Learning (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).
261. Leach, D. K. (2009) "An elusive 'we': Anti-dogmatism, democratic practice, and the contradictory identity of the German Autonomen", American Behavioural Scientist, 52(7), 1042-1068.
262. Lessig, L. (1999) Code and Other Laws of Cyberspace (New York: Basic Books).
263. Lessig, L. (2006) Code version 2.0 (New York: Basic Books).
264. Levi, M. and G. Murphy (2006) "Coalitions of Contention. The Case of the WTO Protests in Seattle", Political Studies, 54(4), 651-670.
265. Levy, S. (1984) Hackers: Heroes of the Computer Revolution (New York: Penguin Books).
266. Lewis, P. M (1993) Alternative Media: Linking Global and Local. UNESCO Reports and Papers in Mass Communication No.107 (Paris: UNESCO).
267. Lichterman, P. (1996) The Search for Political Community. American Activists Reinventing Commitment (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).
268. Lichterman, P. (2002) "Seeing Structure Happen: Theory-Driven Participant Observation", in B. Klandermans and S. Staggenborg (eds.) Methods of Social Movement Research (Minneapolis and London: University of Minnesota Press) 118-146.
269. Lindgren, S. and J. Linde (2012) "The Subpolitics of Online Piracy: A Swedish Case Study", Convergence, 18(2), 143-164.
270. Löblich, M. and M. Wendelin (2012) "ICT Policy Activism on a National Level: Ideas, Resources and Strategies of German 'civil society in governance processes', New Media and Society, 14(6), 899-915.
271. Lofland, J., D. Snow, L. Anderson and L. Lofland (2006) Analyzing Social Settings. A Guide to Qualitative Observation and Analysis, 4th edition (Toronto: Thomson and Wadsworth).
272. López, A., J. McClelland, E. Goldhagen, D. K. Gillmor and A. B. Hickman (2007) The Organic Internet. Organizing History's Largest Social Movement (New York: Entremundos), http://mayfirst.org/organicinternet, date accessed May 13, 2008.
273. Losey, J. (2013) The Anti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement and the Networked Public Sphere: How to avoid a Convergent Crisis, MSSc dissertation (Uppsala: Uppsala University).
274. Lovink, G. (2003) Dark Fiber: Tracking Critical Internet Culture (Cambridge, MA: MIT).
275. Lynch, L. (2010) "'We're Going to Crack the World Open': Wikileaks and the Future of Investigative Reporting", Journalism Practice, 4(3), 309-318.
276. MacBride, S. (1980) Many Voices, One World. Report of the International Commission for the Study of Communication Problems (Paris: UNESCO).
277. MacBride, S. (1980[2006]). "The MacBride Report: Conclusions and Recommendations", in A. Gumucio-Dagron and T. Tufte (eds.) Communication and Social Change Anthology: Historical and Contemporary Readings (South Orange, NJ: Communication for Social Change Consortium) 199-200.
278. MacBride, S. and C. Roach (2000) "The New International Information Order", in F. J. Lechner and J. Boli (eds.) The Globalization Reader (Oxford: Blackwell) 286-292.
279. Mattoni, A. (2012) Media Practices and Protest Politics. How Precarious Workers Mobilise. (Aldershot: Ashgate).
280. Marchetti, R. and M. Pianta (2006) Transnational Networks in Global Social Movements, www.sbilanciamoci.org/index.php?option=com_remository&Itemid= 53&afunc=fileinfo&id=103, date accessed May 10, 2007.
281. Marino, S. (2009) "Argentina", in Programa de Legislaciones y derecho a la comunicación de AMARC ALC (ed.) Las mordazas invisibles: Nuevas y viejas barreras a la diversidad en la radiodifusión (Buenos Aires: AMARC) 55-85.
282. Martinez-Torres, M. E. (2001) "Civil Society, the Internet, and the Zapatistas", Peace Review, 13(3), 347-355.
283. Mastrini, G (2009) Mucho ruido, pocas leyes. Economía y políticas de comunicación en la Argentina, 2nd edition (Buenos Aires: La Crujía).
284. Maxigas (2012) This is Rocket science! Modernity, capitalism and liberalism in hacker culture, MA dissertation (Budapest: Central European University).
285. McAdam, D. and D. A. Snow (eds.) (1997) Social Movements. Readings on Their Emergence, Mobilization, and Dynamics (Los Angeles: Roxbury).
286. McAdam, D., J. D. Mccarthy and M. N. Zald (eds.) (1996) Comparative Perspectives on Social Movements: Political Opportunities, Mobilizing Structures, and Cultural Framings (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).
287. Mccarthy, J. D. and M. N. Zald (1977) "Resource Mobilization and Social Movements: A Partial Theory", American Journal of Sociology, 82, 1212-1241.
288. McCarthy, J. D. and M.Wolfson (1992) "Consensus Movements, Conflict Movements, and the Cooptation of Civil and State Infrastructures", in A. Morris and C. McChurg Mueller (eds.) Frontiers in Social Movement Theory (New Haven: Yale University Press) 273-298.
289. Mccaughey, M. and M. D. Ayers (eds.) (2003) Cyberactivism: Online Activism in Theory and Practice (New York: Routledge).
290. Mcchesney, R. W. (2008) The Political Economy of Media. Enduring Issues, Emerging Dilemmas (New York: Monthly Review Press).
291. Mcchesney, R.W. (2013) Digital Disconnect: How Capitalism Is Turning the Internet Away from Democracy (New York: The New Press).
292. Mcchesney, R. W. and J. Nichols (2002) "The Making of a Movement", The Nation, 7 January, 11-17.
293. Mcchesney, R. W. and J. Nichols (2005) "Creation of the Media Democracy Movement", in C. Alan (ed.) Patriotism, Democracy, and Common Sense: Restoring America's Promise at Home and Abroad (Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield) 367-375.
294. Mccurdy, P. (2010) "Breaking the Spiral of Silence-Unpacking the 'media debate' within Global Justice Movements: A Case Study of Dissent! and the 2005 Gleneagles G8 Summit", Interface: A Journal for and about Social Movements, 2, 42-67.
295. Mccurdy, P. (2011) "Theorizing Activists' 'Lay Theories of Media': A Case Study of the Dissent! Network at the 2005 G8 Summit", International Journal of Communication, 5, 619-638.
296. Mcdonald, K. (2002) "From Solidarity to Fluidarity: Social Movements Beyond 'Collective Identity'-the Case of Globalization Conflicts", Social Movement Studies, 1, 109-128.
297. Mcdonald, K. (2004) "One as Another: From Social Movement to Experience Movement", Current Sociology, 52(4), 575-593.
298. Mcdonald, K. (2006) Global Movements: Action and Culture (Malden, MA and Oxford: Blackwell).
299. Mclaughlin, L. and V. Pickard (2005) "What Is Bottom-up about Global Internet Governance", Global Media and Communication, 1(3), 357-373.
300. Mcquail, D. (1994) Mass Communication Theory: An Introduction, 3rd edition (London: Sage).
301. Meikle, G. (2002) Future Active: Media Activism and the Internet (New York: Routledge).
302. Mejias, U. (2010) "The Twitter Revolution Must Die", http://blog.ulisesmejias.com/ 2011/01/30/the-twitter-revolution-must-die/, date accessed January 30, 2011.
303. Melucci, A. (1989) Nomads of the Present. Social Movements and Individual Needs in Contemporary Society (London: Hutchinson Radius).
304. Melucci, A. (1996) Challenging Codes. Collective Action in the Information age (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).
305. Meyer, D. S. (2002) "Opportunities and Identities: Bridge-Building in the Study of Social Movements", in D. S. Meyer, N. Whittier and B. Robnett (eds.) Social Movements. Identity, Culture and the State (New York: Oxford University Press) 3-21.
306. Milan, S. (2003) La comunicazione e il Forum Sociale Mondiale. Un'analisi dei media della società civile a Porto Alegre, MA dissertation (University of Padova).
307. Milan, S. (2004a) "Brazilian Community Radio Under Siege: Government Shuts Thousands of Stations", Community Media Review, 27(3), 16-17.
308. Milan, S. (2004b) "Alternative Network's Internet Servers Confiscated", Inter Press Service, 9 October, http://www.ipsnews.net/2004/10/media-alternative-networksinternet- servers-confiscated/, date accessed 1 June 2013.
309. Milan, S. (2006) "Democrazia/e e democrazia/e della comunicatione: mediattivismo tra esperimenti di emancipazione e campagne di riforma", Rassegna Italiana di Sociologia, 47(4), 557-582.
310. Milan, S. (2008) "What Makes You Happy? Insights into Feelings and Muses of Community Radio Practitioners", Westminster Papers in Communication and Culture, 5(1), 25-43.
311. Milan, S. (2009a) "'We Wanted to Do It Ourselves'. Dimensioni sociali e tecnologiche delle pratiche emancipatorie nel campo della comunicazione digitale", Quaderni di Sociologia, 49(I/2009), 43-60.
312. Milan, S. (2009b) "Communication for Development in Practice: A Four-step Path to Implement Community Media Needs in Development Projects", Development in Practice, 19(4&5), 598-609.
313. Milan, S. (2009c) "Community Media activists in Transnational Policy Arenas: Strategies and Lessons Learnt", in K. Howley (ed.) Understanding Community Media (Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage) 308-317.
314. Milan, S. (2010a) "On the Edge. AMARC Europe between 'movement entrepreneurs' and the Grassroots. Notes from the Bucharest Meeting", Telematics and Informatics, 27 (2), 200-204.
315. Milan, S. (2010b) "The Way Is the Goal: Interview with Maqui, Indymedia London/ IMC-UK Network Activist", International Journal of E-Politics, 1(1), 88-91.
316. Milan, S. (2010c) "Towards an Epistemology of Engaged Research", International Journal of Communication, 4(2010), 856-858.
317. Milan, S. (2011) "Cloud Protesting. Dissent in Times of Social Media", The Citizen Lab, https://citizenlab.org/2011/10/cloud-protesting-dissent-in-times-of-socialmedia/, date accessed May 15, 2013.
318. Milan, S. (2012a) "When Politics and Technology Speak The Same Language: Stewardship in Cyberspace according to Cyberactivists", paper for the Cyberdialogue 2012, University of Toronto, 18/19 March, www.cyberdialogue.citizenlab.org/wpcontent/ uploads/2012/2012papers/CyberDialogue2012_Milan.pdf, date accessed 13 June 2012.
319. Milan, S. (2012b) "The Guardians of the Internet Politics and Ethics of Cyberactivists (and of their Observers)", paper for the Inter-Asia Roundtable on Cyber Activism, National University of Singapore, August 28-30.
320. Milan, S. (2013) "WikiLeaks, Anonymous, and the Exercise of Individuality: Protesting in the Cloud", in B. Brevini, A. Hintz and P. McCurdy (eds.) BeyondWikiLeaks: Implications for the Future of Communications, Journalism and Society (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan) 191-208.
321. Milan, S. and A. Hintz (2013) "Networked Collective Action and the Institutionalized Policy Debate: Bringing Cyberactivism to the Policy Arena?", Internet & Policy, 5, 7-26.
322. Milan, S. and C. Padovani (2014) "Communication Rights and Media Justice Between Political and Discursive Opportunities: A Historical Perspective", in C. Padovani and A. Calabrese (eds.) Communication Rights and Social Justice: Historical Accounts of Transnational Mobilizations (London: Palgrave Macmillan, forthcoming).
323. Mills, E. (2012) "Sexism and the Single Hacker: Defcon's Feminist Moment", CNET.com, 17 August, http://news.cnet.com/8301-1009_3-57495650-83/sexismand- the-single-hacker-defcons-feminist-moment/, date accessed November 10, 2012.
324. Mische, A. (2003) "Cross-Talk in Movements: Reconceiving the Culture-Network Link", in M. Diani and D. McAdam (eds.) Social Movements and Networks. Relational Approaches to Collective Action (Oxford: Oxford University Press) 258-280.
325. Mitchell, C. (1998) "Women's Community Radio as a Feminist Public Sphere", Javnost-The Public, 5(2), 73-85.
326. Mitchell, C. (2004) "Dangerously Feminine? Theory and Praxis of Women's Alternative Radio", in K. Ross et al. (eds.) Women and Media: International Perspectives (Malden, MA: Blackwell) 157-184.
327. Mitchell, C (2000) Women and Radio: Airing our Differences (London and New York: Routledge).
328. Morozov, E. (2009a) "From Slacktivism to Activism", Foreign Policy, 6 May, http:// neteffect.foreignpolicy.com/posts/2009/09/05/from_slacktivism_to_activism, date accessed July 3, 2010.
329. Morozov, E. (2009b) "The Brave New World of Slacktivism", Foreign Policy, 19 May, http://neteffect.foreignpolicy.com/posts/2009/05/19/the_brave_new_ world_of_slacktivism, date accessed July 3, 2010.
330. Morozov, E. (2011) The Net Delusion: The Dark Side of Internet Freedom (Philadelphia: PublicAffairs).
331. Mosco, V. (2008) "Current Trends in the Political Economy of Communication", Global Media Journal-Canadian Edition, 1(1), 45-63.
332. Moylan, K. (2009) "Toward Transnational Radio: Migrant Produced Programming in Dublin", in J. Gordon (ed.) Notions of Community. A Collection of Community Media Debates and Dilemmas (Bern: Peter Lang) 109-126.
333. Mueller, F. (2006) No Lobbysts a Such: The War over Software Patents in the European Union (Starnberg: SWM Software-Marketing).
334. Mueller, M. L. (2005) "Overview of Goals, Methods and Results of the Research 'Movement in the Making?' ", in Movement in the Making? International Institutions, Transnational Civil Society and Communication-Information Policy Conference, New York: Syracuse University.
335. Mueller, M. L. (2010) Networks and States: The Global Politics of Internet Governance. (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press).
336. Mueller, M. L., B. N. Kuerbis and C. Pagé (2007) "Democratizing Global Communication Global Civil Society and the Campaign for Communication Rights in the Information Society", International Journal of Communication, 1, 267-296.
337. Mueller, M. L., C. Pagé and B. N. Kuerbis (2004a) "Civil Society and the Shaping of Information-communication Policy: Four Decades of Advocacy", The Information Society, 20(3), 169-185.
338. Mueller, M. L., C. Pagé and B. N. Kuerbis (2004b) Reinventing Media Activism: Public Interest Advocacy in the Making of the US Communication-information Policy, 1960- 2002, Final Report, http://ssrn.com/abstract=586625, date accessed July 2, 2007.
339. Murphy, B. M. (2000) "The Founding of APC: Coincidences and Logical Steps in Global Civil Society Networking", Association for Progressive Communications Annual Report 2000, 28-30, http://www.apc.org/about/history/coincidences-and-logical- steps-innetworking, date accessed February 4, 2010.
340. Murphy, B. M. (2005) "Interdoc: The First International Non-governmental Computer Network", First Monday, 10(5), http://firstmonday.org/htbin/cgiwrap/bin/ojs/index. php/fm/article/view/1239/1159, date accessed January 23, 2013.
341. Nafus, D. (2012) "'Patches don't have gender': What Is not Open in Open Source Software", New Media & Society, 14(4), 669-683.
342. Napoli, P. M. (2007) Public Interest Media Activism and Advocacy as a Social Movement: A Review of the Literature (Ford Foundation, unpublished manuscript).
343. Napoli, P. M. (2009) "Public Interest Media Advocacy and Activism as a Social Movement", Communication Yearbook, 33, 384-429.
344. Negri, T. and M. Hardt (2004) Moltitudine. Guerra e democrazia nel nuovo ordine imperiale (Bologna: Rizzoli).
345. No Data Retention (2008) Communiqué (Budapest, September).
346. Noakes, J. A. and H. Jonhston (2005) "Frames of Protest: A Roadmap to a Perspective", in H. Johnston and J. A. Noakes (eds.) Frames of Protest: Social Movements and the Framing Perspective (Oxford: Rowman & Littlefield) 1-30.
347. Nordenstreng, K. (1992) "The NWICO Movement: A Balance Sheet", in H-D. Kang (ed.) Changing International Order in North-East Asia and Communication Policies (Seul: NANAM Publishing House) 33-42.
348. Nordenstreng, K. (2012) "The History of NWICO and Its Lessons", in D. Frau-Meigs, J. Nicey, M. Palmer, J. Pohle and P. Tupper (eds.) From NWICO to WSIS: 30 Years of Communication Geopolitics. Actors and Flows, Structures and Divides (London: Intellect) 29-41.
349. Nordenstreng, K. and T. Varis (1974) "Television Traffic-A One-Way Street", Reports and Papers on Mass Communications, 70 (Paris: UNESCO).
350. Nordenstreng, K. and M. Traber (1992) Few Voices, Many Worlds: Towards a Media Reform Movement (London: World Association of Christian Communications).
351. Nye Jr., J. S. (2011) The Future of Power (New York: Public Affairs).
352. Ó Siochrú, S. (2004) "Civil Society Participation in the WSIS Process: Promises and Reality", Continuum: The Journal of Media & Cultural Studies, 18(3), 330-344.
353. Ó Siochrú, S. and B. Girard (2002) Global Media Governance (New York and Oxford: Rowman & Littlefield).
354. O'Connor, A. (ed.) (2004) Community Radio in Bolivia: The Miners' Radio Stations (Lewiston, NY: Edwin Mellen Press).
355. Oikonomakis, L. and J. E. Roos (2013) "Que No Nos Representan: The Crisis of Representation and the Resonance of the Real Democracy Movement from the Indignados to Occupy", paper presented at the conference Street Politics in the Age of Austerity; From the Indignados to Occupy, University of Montreal, 20-21 February.
356. Olesen, T. (2005) International Zapatismo. The Construction of Solidarity in the Age of Globalization (London and New York: Zed Books).
357. Oliver, P. E. and H. Johnston (2000) "What a Good idea! Ideology and Frames in Social Movement Research", Mobilization, 5, 37-54.
358. Orgad, S. (2005) "From Online to Offline and Back: Moving from Online to Offline Relationship with Research Informants", in C. Hine (ed.) Virtual Methods (Oxford and New York: Berg) 51-65.
359. Ortoleva, P., G. Cordoni and N. Verna (eds.) (2006) Radio FM 1976-2006. Trent'anni di libertà d'antenna (Bologna: Minerva Edizioni).
360. Padovani, C. (2010) "Free Radio Movement (Italy)", in J. D. H. Downing (ed.) Encyclopedia of Social Movement Media (Los Angeles and London: Sage) 205-208.
361. Padovani, C. (2005) "Civil Society Organizations beyond WSIS: Roles and Potential of a 'young' stakeholder", in H. Drossou and H. Jensen (eds.) Visions in Process II: The World Summit on the Information Society and the Road towards a Sustainable Knowledge Society (Berlin: Heinrich Boell Foundation) 37-45.
362. Padovani, C. and A. Calabrese (2014) Communication Rights and Social Justice: Historical Accounts of Transnational Mobilizations (London: Palgrave Macmillan, forthcoming).
363. Padovani, C. and E. Pavan (2009) "The Emerging Global Movement on Communication Rights: A New Stakeholders in Global Communication Governance Converging at WSIS but Looking beyond", in L. Stein, D. Kidd and C. Rodriguez (eds.) Making Our Media. Global Initiatives Toward a Democratic Public Sphere. Volume Two. National and Global Movements for Democratic Communication (Cresskill, NJ: Hampton Press) 223-242.
364. Papacharissi, Z. (2010) A Private Self: Democracy in a Digital Age (Cambridge, MA: Polity Press).
365. Parker, M. (ed.) (2002) Utopia and Organization (Malden, MA: Blackwell).
366. Pasquinelli, M. (ed.) (2002) Media Activism: Strategie e pratiche della comunicazione indipendente (Roma: DeriveApprodi).
367. Passy, F. (2001) "Political Altruism and the Solidarity Movement: An Introduction", in M. Giugni and F. Passy (eds.) Political Altruism? Solidarity Movements in International Perspective (Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield) 3-25.
368. Pavan, E. (2012) Frames and Connections in the Governance of Global Communications: A Network Study of the Internet Governance Forum (Lanham, MA: Lexington Books).
369. Pavlic, B. and C. J. Hamelink (1985) The New International Economic Order: Links between Economics and Communications (Paris: UNESCO).
370. People's Global Action (2006) "Call for a Meeting to Defend our Autonomous Servers", http://europe.pgaconference.poivron.org/en/france:06/topics/digital_struggles, date accessed May 2, 2008.
371. People's Global Action (2007) Notes from the PGA meeting on Digital Struggles, Dijon, France, http://stamp.poivron.org/MeetingNotes, date accessed April 30, 2008.
372. Pianta, M. (2001) "Parallel Summits of Global Civil Society", in H. Anheier, M. Glasius, and M. Kaldor (eds.) Global Civil Society 2001 (Oxford: Oxford University Press) 169-194.
373. Polletta, F. (2002) Freedom Is an Endless Meeting: Democracy in American Social Movements (Chicago: University of Chicago Press).
374. Polletta, F. (2006) It Was Like a Fever: Storytelling in Protest and Politics (Chicago: University of Chicago Press).
375. Polletta, F. and J. M. Jasper (2001) "Collective Identity and Social Movements", American Review of Sociology, 27, 283-305.
376. Potter, J. (2004) "Discourse Analysis", in M. Hardy and A. Bryman (eds.) Handbook of Data Analysis (London: Sage) 607-624.
377. Powell, A. (2008a) Co-productions of Technology, Culture and Policy in the North American Community Wireless Networking Movement, PhD dissertation (Montreal: Concordia University).
378. Powell, A. (2008b) "WiFi Publics: Producing Community and Technology", Information, Communication, an Society, 11(8), 1068-1088.
379. Preston, W., E.S. Herman and H. I. Schiller (1989) Hope & Folly: The United States and Unesco, 1945-1985 (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press).
380. Purkarthofer, J., P. Pfisterer and B. Busch (2010) "Free Radio (Austria)", in J. D. H. Downing (ed.) Encyclopedia of Social Movement Media (Los Angeles and London: Sage) 201-205.
381. Raboy, M. (1991) "Communication and the New World Order: Strategies for Democratization" in N. Thede and A. Ambrosi (eds.) Video the Changing World (Montreal: Black Rose Books) 160-175.
382. Raboy, M. (2004) "The World Summit on the Information Society and its Legacy for Global Governance", Gazette: The International Journal for Communication Studies, 66(3-4), 225-232.
383. Raboy, M. and N. Landry (2005) Civil Society, Communication and Global Governance (New York: Peter Lang Publishing).
384. Ragin, C. C. (1992) "Introduction: Cases of 'What is a case?' ", in C. C. Ragin and H. S. Becker (eds.) What Is a case Exploring the Foundations of Social Inquiry (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press) 1-15.
385. Raymond, E. S. (2001) The Cathedral and the Bazaar: Musing on Linux and Open Source by an accidental Revolutionary, 2nd edition (Sebastopol, CA: O'Reilly).
386. Rennie, E. (2006) Community Media. A Global Introduction (Lanham, MA: Rowman & Littlefield).
387. Richardson, A. and M. Power (1986) "Media Freedom and the CPBF", in J. Curran, J. Ecclestone, G. Oakley and A. Richardson (eds.) Bending Reality: The State of the Media (London: Pluto Press) 195-211.
388. Riseup (2012) Attack on Anonymous Speech, https://help.riseup.net/en/seizure-2012- april, date accessed May 30, 2012.
389. Risse-Kappen, T. (1995) "Bringing Transnational Relations Back In: Non-State Actors, Domestic Structures, and International Institutions", in T. Risse-Kappen (ed.) Bringing Transnational Relations Back In: Non-State Actors, Domestic Structures and International Institutions (New York: Cambridge University Press) 3-33.
390. Risse, T. and K. Sikkink (1999) "The Socialization of International Human Rights Norms into Domestic Practices", in T. Risse, S. Ropp and K. Sikkink (eds.) The Power of Human Rights: International Norms and Domestic Politics (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press) 1-10.
391. Roach, C. (1995) "Women and Communication Technology: What are the Issues?", in P. Lee (ed.) The Democratization of Communication (Cardiff: University of Wales Press) 130-142.
392. Rochon, T. R. (1998) Culture Moves. Ideas, Activism, and Changing Values (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press).
393. Rodriguez, C. (2001) Fissures in the Mediascape. An International Study of Citizens' Media (Cresskill, NJ: Hampton Press).
394. Rodriguez, C. (2011) Citizens' Media Against Armed Conflict: Disrupting Violence in Colombia (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press).
395. Roncagliolo, R. (1986) "New Information Order in Latin America: A Taxonomy for National Communication Policies", in A. Gumucio-Dagron and T. Tufte (eds.) Communication for Social Change Anthology: Historical and Contemporary Readings (South Orange, NJ: Communication for Social Change Consortium) 315-320.
396. Roncagliolo, R. (1998) "Excerpt from: Community Radio: An Imperfect Future", in A. Gumucio-Dagron and T. Tufte (eds.) Communication for Social Change Anthology: Historical and Contemporary Readings (South Orange, NJ: Communication for Social Change Consortium) 854-855.
397. Ros, A. (2012) The Post-dictatorship Generation in Argentina, Chile, and Uruguay: Collective Memory and Cultural Production (New York: Palgrave Macmillan).
398. Rosenau, J. (1999) "Towards an Ontology for Global Governance", in M. Hewson and T. Sinclair (eds.) Approaches to Global Governance Theory (Albany: SUNY Press) 295-296.
399. Routledge, P. (2003) "Convergence Space: Process Geographies of Grassroots Globalization Networks", Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 28, 222-249.
400. Rubin, N. (2002) Highlander Media Justice Gathering Final Report (New Market, TN: Highlander Research and Education Center).
401. Rupp, L. and V. Taylor (1987) Survival in the Doldrums: The American Women's Right Movement, 1945 to the 1960s (Columbus: Ohio State University Press).
402. Russell, A. (2001) "The Zapatistas and Computer-Mediated Peace", Peace Review, 13(3), 357-363.
403. Ryan, C. (1991) Prime Time Activism: Media Strategies for Grassroots Organizing (Boston: South End Press).
404. Ryan, C. and K. Jeffreys (2008) The Practice of Collaborative Theorizing (Boston College, unpublished manuscript).
405. Ryan, C. and W. A. Gamson (2009) "Are Frames Enough? (from 'The Art of Reframing Political debate')", in J. Goodwin and J. M. Jasper (eds.) The Social Movement Reader. Cases and Concepts (Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell) 167-174.
406. Schiller, H. I. (1975) "The Appearance of National Communication Policies: A New Arena for Social Struggle", Gazette, 21(2), 82-94.
407. Schiller, H. I. (1976) Communication and Cultural Domination (White Plains, NY: International Arts and Science Press).
408. Scifo, S. (2011) The Origins and Development of Community Radio in Britain under New Labour (1997-2007), PhD dissertation (London: University of Westminster).
409. Scifo, S. (2014) "Communication Rights as a Networking Reality: Community Media in Europe", in C. Padovani and A. Calabrese (eds.) Communication Rights and Social Justice: Historical Accounts of Transnational Mobilizations (London: Palgrave Macmillan, forthcoming).
410. Scott, R. W. (1981) Organizations: Rational, Natural, and Open Systems (Engle wood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall).
411. Sell, S. K. (2003) Private Power, Public Law. The Globalization of Intellectual Property Rights (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).
412. Servaes, J. (1998) "Human Rights, Participatory Communication and Cultural Freedom in a Global Perspective", Journal of International Communication, 5(1-2), 122-133.
413. Servaes, J. (1999) Communication for Development: One World, Multiple Cultures (Cresskill, NJ: Hampton Press).
414. Servaes, J. (2008) "Participatory Communication", in W. Donsbach (ed.) The International Encyclopedia of Communication (Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell) 3513-3517.
415. Shah, H. (1996) "Modernization, Marginalization, and Emancipation: Toward a Normative Model of Journalism and National Development", Communication Theory, 6(2), 143-166.
416. Sikkink, K. (2005) "Patterns of Dynamic Multilevel Governance and the Insider- Outsider Coalition", in D. della Porta and S. Tarrow (eds.) Transnational Protest and Global Activism (Lanham, MA: Rowman & Littlefield) 151-173.
417. Sikkink, K. and J. Smith (2002) "Infrastructure for Change: Transnational Organizations, 1953-93", in S. Khagram, J. V. Riker and K. Sikkink (eds.) Restructuring world politics (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota) 24-44.
418. Skoric, M. M. (2012) "What Is Slack about Slacktivism?", paper for the Inter-Asia Roundtable on Cyber Activism, National University of Singapore, August 30-31.
419. Smith, J., C. Chatfield and R. Pagnucco (eds.) (1997) Transnational Social Movements and Global Politcs. Solidarity Beyond the State (New York: Syracuse University Press).
420. Snow D. A., R. Benford, and L. Anderson (1986) "Fieldwork Roles and Informational Yield: A Comparison of Alternative Settings and Roles", Urban Life, 14(4), 377-408.
421. Snow, D. A. (2001) "Collective Identity", in N. J. Smelsner and P. B. Baltes (eds.) International Encyclopedia of the Social and Behavioral Sciences (London: Elsevier) 2212-2219.
422. Snow, D. A. (2004) "Framing Process, Ideology, and Discursive Fields", in D. S. Snow, S. Soule and H. Kriesi (eds.) The Blackwell Companion to Social Movements (Oxford: Blackwell) 380-412.
423. Snow, D. A. and R. D. Benford (1988) "Ideology, Frame Resonance, and Participant Mobilization", International Social Movement Research, 1, 197-217.
424. Snow, D. A., B. Rochford, S. Worden, and R. Benford (1997) "Frame Alignment Processes, Micromobilization, and Movement Participation", in D. McAdam and D. A. Snow (eds.) Social Movements. Readings on Their Emergence, Mobilization, and Dynamics (Los Angeles: Roxbury) 235-251.
425. Snow, D. A. and D. McAdam (2000) "Identity Work Processes in the Context of Social Movements: Clarifying the Identity/Movement Nexus", in S. Striker, T. J. Owens and R. White (eds.) Self, Identity and Social Movements (Minneapolis: University of Minneapolis Press) 41-67.
426. Somavia, J. (1977) "The Transnational Power Structure and International Information. Communication for social change", in A. Gumucio-Dagron and T. Tufte (eds.) Communication and Social Change Anthology: Historical and Contemporary Readings (South Orange, NJ: Communication for Social Change Consortium) 145-146.
427. Soule, S., D. McAdam, J. McCarthy and S. Yang (1999) "Protest Events: Cause or Consequence of State Action The US Women's Movement and Federal Congressional Activities, 1956-1979", Mobilization, 4, 239-255.
428. Stahler-Sholk, R. (2007) "Resisting Neoliberal Homogenisation. The Zapatista Autonomy Movement", Latin American Perspectives, 34(2), 48-63.
429. Stein, L. (2009) "Volume II: Introduction", in L. Stein, D. Kidd and C. Rodriguez (eds.) Making Our Media. Global Initiatives Toward a Democratic Public Sphere. Volume Two. National and Global Movements for Democratic Communication (Cresskill, NJ: Hampton Press) 1-22.
430. Stein, L. (2001) "Access Television and Frassroots Political Communication in the United States", in J. D. H. Downing (ed.) Radical Media. Rebellious Communication and Social Movements (Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage) 299-324.
431. Stoecker, R. (1995) "Are Academics Irrelevant Roles for Scholars in Participatory Research", The American Behavioral Scientist, 2(5), 840-854.
432. Stoecker, R. (2005) Research Methods for Community Change (Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage).
433. Strauss, A. and J. Corbin (1994) "Grounded theory methodology: An overview", in N. K. Denzin and Y. S. Lincoln (eds.) Handbook of Qualitative Research (London: Sage) 1-18.
434. Tarrow, S. (1998) Power in Movement. Social Movements and Contentious Politics (Cambridge: Cambridge University).
435. Tarrow, S. (2001) "Transnational Politics: Contention and Institutions in International Politics", Annual Review of Political Science, 4, 1-20.
436. Tarrow, S. (2005) The New Transnational Activism (New York: Cambridge University).
437. Tarrow, S. (2011) "Why Occupy Wall Street is Not the Tea Party of the Left. The United States' Long History of Protest", Foreign Affairs, 11 October, http://www. foreignaffairs.com/articles/136401/sidney-tarrow/why-occupy-wall-street-is-notthe- tea-party-of-the-left, date accessed November 10, 2012.
438. Taylor, V. and N. Whittier (1992) "Collective Identity in Social Movement Communities: Lesbian Feminist Mobilization", in M. Aldon and C. Mueller (eds.) Frontiers in Social Movement Theory (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press) 104-129.
439. Taylor, V. and N. Van Dyke (2004) "'Get up, Stand up': Tactical Repertoires of Social Movements", in D. A. Snow, S. A. Soule and H. Kriesi (eds.) The Blackwell Companion to Social Movements (Malden, MA and Oxford: Blackwell) 262-293.
440. Thomas, P. N. (2006) "The Communication Rights in the Information Society (CRIS) Campaign. Applying Social Movement Theories to an Analysis of Global Media Reform", The International Communication Gazzette, 68(4), 291-312.
441. Thomas, P. N. and N. Zaharom (2004) Who Owns the Media? Global Trends and Local Resistance (London: Zed).
442. Thompson, P. (1988) The Voice of the Past: Oral History, 2nd edition (Oxford: Oxford University Press).
443. Tilly, C. (1978) From Mobilization to Revolution (Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley).
444. Tilly, C. (1983) "Speaking Your Mind Without Elections, Surveys, and Social Movements", The Public Opinion Quarterly, 47(4), 461-478.
445. Tilly, C. (1986) The Contentious French (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press).
446. Tilly, C. (1994) "Social Movements as Historically Specific Clusters of Political Performances", Berkeley Journal of Sociology, 38, 1-30.
447. Touraine, A. (1981) The Voice and the Eye: An Analysis of Social Movements (New York: Cambridge University Press).
448. Touraine, A. (2008) "An Introduction to the Study of Social Movements", in V. Ruggiero and N. Montagna (eds.) Social Movements. A Reader (London and New York: Routledge) 212-217.
449. Treré, E. (2012) "Social Movements as Information Ecologies: Exploring the Coevolution of Multiple Internet Technologies for Activism", International Journal of Communication, 6, 2359-2377.
450. UNDP (1990) Human Development Report 1990 (New York: Oxford University Press).
451. UNDP (1998) Human Development Report 1998 (New York: Oxford University Press).
452. UNESCO (1976) Document COM/MD/38, October (Paris: UNESCO).
453. UNESCO (1979) Document CC/MD/42, June (Paris: UNESCO).
454. United Nations (1948) The Universal Declaration of Human Rights, http://www.un.org/ en/documents/udhr/, date accessed July 10, 2009.
455. Uzelman, S. (2000) "Media Democratization as 'Meta-Movement' ", in Power, Democracy and Communication, Vancouver, October 14.
456. Uzelman, S. (2005) "Hard at Work in the Bamboo Garden: Media Activists and Social Movements", in A. Langlois and F. Dubois (eds.) Autonomous Media: Activating Resistance and Dissent (Montréal: Cumulus Press) 16-29.
457. Valle, C. A. (1995) "Communication: International Debate and Community-based Initiatives", in P. Lee (ed.) The Democratization of Communication (Cardiff: University of Wales Press) 197-216.
458. Van Donk, W., B. D. Loader, P. G. Nixon and D. Rucht (eds.) (2003) Cyberprotest: New Media, Citizens and Social Movements (London: Routledge).
459. van der Zorn, M. (2005) "Broadcasting on our Own Terms. Temporary Autonomous Radio", in A. Langlois and F. Dubois (eds.) Autonomous Media. Activating Resistance and Dissent (Montréal: Cumulus Press) 30-45.
460. van Niekerk, B., K. Pillay and M. Maharaj (2011) "Analyzing the Role of ICTs in the Tunisian and Egyptian Unrest from an Information Warfare Perspective", International Journal of Communication, 5, 1406-1416.
461. Van Rooy, A. (2004) The Global Legitimacy Game. Civil Society, Globalization, and Protest (New York: Palgrave Macmillan).
462. Vegh, S. (2003) "Classifying Forms of Online Activism: the Case of Cyberprotests against the World Bank", in M. McCaughey and M. D. Ayers (eds.) Cyberactivism: online activism in theory and practice (New York: Routledge) 71-96.
463. Vincent, R. C., K. Nordenstreng and M. Traber (eds.) (1999) Towards Equity in Global Communication: MacBride Update (Cresskill, NJ: Hampton Press).
464. Wallerstein, I. (1974) The Modern World-System: Capitalist Agriculture and the Origins of the European World-Economy in the Sixteenth Century (New York: Academic Press).
465. Wayner, P. (2001) Free For All. How Linux and the Free Software Movement Undercut the High Tech Titans, http://www.jus.uio.no/sisu/free_for_all.peter_wayner/, date accessed January 10, 2009.
466. Werden, F. (1996) "The Founding of WINGS: A Story of Feminist Radio Survival", in D. Allen, R. Rush and S. J. Kaufman (eds.) Women Transforming Communications: Global Intersections (London: Sage) 218-225.
467. White, R. A. (1988) "NWICO Has Become a People's Movement", Media Development, 35(1), 20-25.
468. White, R. A. (1995) "Democratization of Communication as a Social Movement Process", in P. Lee (ed.) The Democratization of Communication (Cardiff: University of Wales Press) 92-113.
469. Whittier, N. (2001) "Emotional Strategies: The Collective Reconstruction and Display of Oppositional Emotions in the Movement Against Child Sexual Abuse", in J. Goodwin, J. M. Jasper and F. Polletta (eds.) Passionate Politics. Emotions and Social Movements (Chicago: University of Chicago Press) 267-282.
470. Williams, R. (1983) Towards 2000 (London: Chatto & Windus).
471. Wilson, C. and A. Dunn (2011) "Digital Media in the Egyptian Revolution: Descriptive Analysis from the Tahrir Data Sets", International Journal of Communication, 5, 1248-1272.
472. Winner, L. (1999) "Do Artefacts Have Politics?", in D. MacKenzie and J. Wajcman (eds.) The Social Shaping of Technology (Maidenhead and New York: Open University Press) 28-40.
473. Women's International Network (2008) Gender Policy for Community Radio (Montreal: AMARC International), http://www.amarc.org/documents/Gender_Policy/GP4CR_ English.pdf, date accessed July 7, 2009.
474. WSIS Civil Society Plenary (2003). Civil Society Declaration to the World Summit on the Information Society, http://www.itu.int/wsis/docs/geneva/civil-societydeclaration. pdf, date accessed July 10, 2009.
475. Zald, M. N. (2000) "Ideological Structured Action: An Enlarged Agenda for Social Movement Research", Mobilization, 5, 1-16.
476. Zeleke, E. C. (2004) The Status of Women in Community-based Radio in Canada. Report for the "Women's Hands and Voices" in collaboration with the National Campus and Community Radio Association, http://previous.ncra.ca/women/stratplan/report.pdf, date accessed November 15, 2012.