'The Preferred Way of Doing Things': The British Direct Action Movement

Parliamentary Affairs

Volumn 56, Issue 4, 2003, Pages 669-686+i

  Doherty, Brian ^a   Plows, Alexandra ^b   Wall, Derek ^c  

^a KEELE UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

^b CARDIFF UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

^c UNIVERSITY OF LONDON   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 10744220403     PISSN: 00312290     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/pa/gsg109     Document Type: Review

References (22)

1. The research was funded by the Economic and Social Research Council (grant ref. L215252034). We concentrated on groups in Manchester, Oxford and North Wales. These areas were chosen because of the structural contrasts in wealth and size between them and because of the differences in the strength of local party representation. The Green Party for a time held the balance of power in alliance with the Liberal Democrats in Oxford, Labour dominated Manchester City Council, while North Wales is the heartland of Welsh nationalism. But while we draw on examples from these areas here, our main focus is not on the differences between them and the article is based on our knowledge of direct action groups throughout the UK.
2. See, R. Kennewick and T. Smith, Direct Action and Democratic Politics, Allen & Unwin, 1972; and A. Carter, Direct Action and Liberal Democracy, Routledge, 1973.
3. See, R. Kennewick and T. Smith, Direct Action and Democratic Politics, Allen & Unwin, 1972; and A. Carter, Direct Action and Liberal Democracy, Routledge, 1973.
4. D. Wall, Earth First! and the Origins of the Anti-Roads Movement in the UK, Routledge, 1999.
5. G. Jordan 'Politics without Parties: A Growing Trend', Parliamentary Affairs, July 1998, p. 327.
6. On the increase in the numbers of environmental stories reaching editors' desks and evidence of protest fatigue see C. Rootes 'Environmental Protest in Britain, 1988-97' in B. Seel et al (eds), Direct Action in British Environmentalism, Routledge, 2000.
7. D. McAdam, Freedom Summer, Oxford University Press, 1988.
8. M. Diani, 'Britain Re-Creates the Social Movement' unpublished paper, for contact details see http://www.essex.ac.uk/democracy/Projects/Proj5.htm.
9. Greenham Common Women's Peace Camp had a broader spread of ages (see S. Roseneil, Disarming Patriarchy, Open University Press, 1995.
10. See D. Meyer, 'Social Movements Creating Communities of Change' in M.A. Tetrault and R.L. Teske, Feminist Approaches to Social Movements, University of South Carolina Press, 1998; D.E. Sherkat and T.J. Blocker, 'Explaining the Political and Personal Consequences of Protest', Social Forces, 75, 1997; A. Percheron, 'La mémoire des generations: La guerre d'Algerie, Mai 68' in O. Duhamel and J. Jaffré (eds), SOFRES: L'état de l'opinion 1991, Seuil.
11. See D. Meyer, 'Social Movements Creating Communities of Change' in M.A. Tetrault and R.L. Teske, Feminist Approaches to Social Movements, University of South Carolina Press, 1998; D.E. Sherkat and T.J. Blocker, 'Explaining the Political and Personal Consequences of Protest', Social Forces, 75, 1997; A. Percheron, 'La mémoire des generations: La guerre d'Algerie, Mai 68' in O. Duhamel and J. Jaffré (eds), SOFRES: L'état de l'opinion 1991, Seuil.
12. See D. Meyer, 'Social Movements Creating Communities of Change' in M.A. Tetrault and R.L. Teske, Feminist Approaches to Social Movements, University of South Carolina Press, 1998; D.E. Sherkat and T.J. Blocker, 'Explaining the Political and Personal Consequences of Protest', Social Forces, 75, 1997; A. Percheron, 'La mémoire des generations: La guerre d'Algerie, Mai 68' in O. Duhamel and J. Jaffré (eds), SOFRES: L'état de l'opinion 1991, Seuil.
13. Here, we are following I. Welsh, Mobilising Modernity, Routledge, 2000.
14. S. Tarrow, 'Mad Cows and Social Activists: Contentious Politics in the Trilateral Democracies' in S.J. Pharr and R.D. Putnam (eds), Disaffected Democracies, Princeton University Press, 2000, p. 278.
15. In Glasgow, Diani also found that organisational structure and attitudes to the use of public funds were not markedly different in radical groups in comparison with other civic organisations. M. Diani, loc. cit.
16. N. Crossley, Making Sense of Social Movements, Open University Press, 2001.
17. C. Bromely, J. Curtice and B. Seyd, 'Political Engagement, Trust and Constitutional Reform' in A. Park, J. Curtice, K. Thomson, L. Jarvis and C. Bromley, British Social Attitudes: 18th Report, Sage, 2001.
18. P. Seyd, 'The Citizen Audit' paper presented at Essex University, January 2002.
19. M. Crozier, M.S. Huntington and J. Watanuki, The Crisis of Democracy, Trilateral Commission, 1975.
20. C. Bromely, J. Curtice and B. Seyd, loc. cit.
21. A. Melucci, Challenging Codes, Cambridge University Press, 1996.
22. C. Bromley and J. Curtice, 'Where Have All The Voters Gone?' in A. Park, J. Curtice, K. Thomsen, L. Jarvis and C. Bromley, British Social Attitudes: 19th Report, Sage, 2002.