Internationalizing and privatizing war and peace: The bumpy ride to peace building

Internationalizing and Privatizing War and Peace: The Bumpy Ride to Peace Building

Volumn , Issue , 2005, Pages 1-263

  Wulf, Herbert ^a,b  

^a Stockholm International Peace Research Institute   (Sweden)

^b UNIVERSITY OF HAMBURG   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 85013436584     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1057/9780230514812     Document Type: Book

References (330)

1. Adams, Thomas. 1999. The New Mercenaries and the Privatization of Conflict. Parameters, vol. XXIX, no. 2 (Summer), 103-116.
2. Adebajo, Adekeye and Christopher Landsberg. 2003. South Africa and Nigeria as Regional Hegemons. In Baregu, Mwesiga and Christopher Landsberg (Eds). 2003. From Cape to Congo. Southern Africa's Evolving Security Challenges, Boulder, Co and London: Lynne Rienner, 171-203.
3. Adolph, Robert B. 1992. Strategic Rationale for SOF (Special Operations Forces). Military Review, vol. 72, no. 4 (April), 36-46.
4. Anderson, Mary B. 1999. Do no Harm. How Aid Can Support Peace - or War. Boulder, Co and London: Lynne Rienner.
5. Andreas, Peter and Richard Price. 2001. From War Fighting to Crime Fighting: Transforming the American National Security State. International Studies Review, vol. 3, no. 3 (Fall), 31-52.
6. Annan, Kofi, 1999. Two Concepts of Sovereignty. The Economist, 18 September.
7. Aron, Raymond. 1986. Frieden und Krieg. Frankfurt/Main: Fischer Verlag.
8. Assembly of Western European Union/The Interim European Security and Defence Assembly. 2001. National Parliamentary Scrutiny of Intervention Abroad by Armed Forces Engaged in International Missions: The Current Position in Law (Document A/1762), 4 December.
9. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 2000. Dogs of War, 18 May, manuscript. (www.sandline.com, accessed 15 August 2004).
10. Auswärtiges Amt. 2000. Protokoll der Klausurtagung des Koordinierungsausschusses. 'Humanitäre Hilfe' Protokoll 20 June (unpublished).
11. Avant, Deborah D. 2000. Privatizing Military Training. Foreign Policy, vol. 5, no. 17 (June). (www.foreignpolicy-infocus.org/briefsvol5/v5n17mil_body. html).
12. Ball, Nicole and J. 'Kayode Fayemi, Funmi Olonisakin, Rocklyn Williams, with Martin Rupia. 2003. Governance in the Security Sector. In Walle, Nicolas van de and Nicole Ball (Eds). 2003. Beyond Structural Adjustment. Basingstoke: Palgrave, 263-304.
13. Ballentine, Karen and Jake Sherman (Eds). 2003. The Political Economy of Armed Conflict. Boulder, Co. and London: Lynne Rienner.
14. Baum, Dan. 2003. Nation Builder for Hire. New York Times Magazine, 22 June 2003.
15. Bellamy, Christopher. 2001. Combining Combat Readiness and Compassion. NATO Review, web edition, vol. 49, no. 2 (Summer), 9-11
16. Berdal, Mats and David M. Malone (Eds). 2000. Greed and Grievances: Economic Agendas in Civil Wars. Boulder, Co and London: Lynne Rienner.
17. Berman, Eric G. 2002. African Regional Organisations' Peace Operations. Developments and Challenges. African Security Review, vol. 11, no. 4, 33-44.
18. Berman, Eric and Katie Sams. 2000. Peacekeeping in Africa: Capabilities and Culpabilities. Geneva: UNIDIR.
19. Bertram, Christoph, Joachim Schild, Francois Heisbourg and Yves Boyer. 2002. Starting Over. Berlin: SWP-Studien: Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik, November.
20. Bland, Douglas L. 1999. A Unified Theory of Civil-Military Relations. Armed Forces & Society, vol. 26, no. 1 (Fall), 7-26.
21. Böge, Volker. 2004. Muschelgeld und Blutdiamanten. Traditionale Konfliktbearbeitung in zeitgenössischen Gewaltkonflikten. Hamburg: Schriften des Deutschen übersee- Instituts.
22. Böge, Volker and Wolf-Christian Paes. 2004. Rolle der Privatwirtschaft in bewaffneten Konflikten, Background paper for Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) (unpublished).
23. Bonn International Center for Conversion. 1996-2004. Conversion Survey (annual). Baden-Baden: Nomos Verlag.
24. Bonn International Center for Conversion/SAND (Program on Security and Development). 2002. Tackling Small Arms and Light Weapons, A Practical Guide for Collection and Destruction. Bonn, February. (www.bicc.de/publications/ books/guide_smallarms/guide_smallarms.pdf, accessed 25 October).
25. Bono, Giovanna and Jocelyn Mawdsley. 2002. Bridging the Accountability Gap in European Security and Defence Policy. Paper presented at the UACES 32nd Annual Conference and 7th Research Conference, Belfast, September.
26. Born, Hans. 2004. The Use of Force under International Auspices: Strengthening Parliamentary Accountability. In Born, Hans and Heiner Hänggi (Eds). 2004. The 'Double Democratic Deficit'. Ashgate: Aldershot, 203-215.
27. Born, Hans and Heiner Hänggi (Eds). 2004. The 'Double Democratic Deficit'. Ashgate: Aldershot.
28. Born, Hans and Marlene Urscheler. 2004. Parliamentary Accountability of Multinational Peace Support Operations: A Comparative Perspective. In Born, Hans and Heiner Hänggi (Eds). 2004. The 'Double Democratic Deficit', Ashgate: Aldershot, 53-72.
29. Boshoff, Henri. 2003. Burundi: The African Union's First Mission. (http://iss.co.za/AF/current/Burundimay03.htm, accessed 19 February 2004).
30. Boutros-Ghali, Boutros. 1992. An Agenda for Peace: Preventive Diplomacy, Peacemaking and Peace-keeping. New York: United Nations.
31. Brock, Lothar. 2003. Humanitäre Hilfe - eine Geisel der Außen - und Sicherheitspolitik? In Medico International (Ed.) 2003. Macht und Ohnmacht der Hilfe, Frankfurt/Main: Medico Report 25, 58-63.
32. Brock, Lothar. 2004. Alt und neu, Krieg und Gewalt. In Kurtenbach, Sabine and Peter Lock (Eds). 2004. Kriege als (über) Lebenswelten. Bonn: Dietz Verlag, 11-19.
33. Brzoska, Michael. 2002. Von der 'Friedensdividende' zur 'Terrordividende'? In Schoch, Bruno, Corinna Hauswedell, Christoph Weller, Ulrich Ratsch and Reinhard Mutz (Eds). Friedensgutachten 2002, Münster/Hamburg/London: Lit Verlag, 167-176.
34. Brzoska, Michael. 2003. Development Donors and the Concept of Security Sector Reform. Geneva: DCAF, Occasional papers 4, November. (http://www.dcaf.ch/ publications/Occasional_Papers/4.pdf, accessed 7 November 2004).
35. Bundesministerium für wirtschaftliche Zusammenarbeit und Entwicklung. 2004. Zum Verhältnis von entwicklungspolitischen und militärischen Antworten auf neue sicherheitspolitische Herausforderungen. Bonn: BMZ-Diskurs, no. 1.
36. Buzan, Barry. 2002. Who May We Bomb? In Booth, Ken and Tim Dunne (Eds). 2002. Worlds in Collision: Terror and the Future of Global Order. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 85-94.
37. Buzan, Barry, Ole Weaver and Jaap de Wilde. 1998. Security: A New Framework for Analysis. Boulder, Co and London: Lynne Rienner.
38. Cawthra, Gavin. 2003. Security Transformation in Post-Apartheid South Africa. In Cawthra, Gavin and Robin Luckham (Eds). 2003. Governing Insecurity. London: Zed Books, 31-56.
39. Cawthra, Gavin. 2004. A Conceptual Framework for Regional Security. In Field, Shannon (Ed.). 2004. Peace in Africa. Johannesburg: Institute for Global Dialogue, 27-40.
40. Cawthra, Gavin and Robin Luckham (Eds). 2003. Governing Insecurity. London: Zed Books.
41. Cilliers, Jakkie and Peggy Mason (Eds). 1999. Peace, Profit and Plunder? The Privatisation of Security in War-torn African Societies. Pretoria: Institute for Security Studies.
42. Cleaver, Gerry and Roy May. 1998. African perspectives: regional peacekeeping. In Furley, Oliver and Roy May (Eds). 1998. Peacekeeping in Africa. Ashgate: Aldershot, 29-48.
43. Cohen, Eliot A. 2001. The Unequal Dialogue: The Theory and Reality of Civil-Military Relations and the Use of Force. In Feaver, Peter D. and Richard H. Kohn (Eds). 2001. Soldiers and Civilians, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 429-458.
44. Collier, Paul. 2000a. Doing Well out of War: An Economic Perspective. In Berdal, Mats and David M. Malone (Eds). 2000. Greed and Grievances: Economic Agendas in Civil Wars. Boulder, Co and London: Lynne Rienner, 91-111.
45. Collier, Paul. 2000b. Economic causes of civil conflict and their implications for policy. Washington, DC: World Bank, 15 June.
46. Collier, Paul and Anke Hoeffler. 2001. Greed and Grievance in Civil War. (http://www.worldbank.org/research/conflict/papers/greedgrievance:23oct.pdf, accessed 8 November 2004).
47. Collier, Paul and Anke Hoeffler. 2002. On the Incidence of Civil War in Africa. Journal of Conflict Resolution, vol. 46, no. 1, 13-28.
48. Collier, Paul, V. L. Elliot, Havard Hegre, Anke Hoeffler, Marta Reynal-Querol and Nicholas Sambanis. 2003. Breaking the Conflict Trap. World Bank, Policy Research Report. Washington, DC: Oxford University Press.
49. Commission on Global Governance. 1995. Our Global Neighbourhood: The Report of the Commission on Global Governance. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
50. Dahl, Robert A. 1999. Can International Organization be Democratic? A Skeptic's View. In Shapiro, Ian and Casiano Hacker-Cordón (Eds). 1999. Democracy's Edges. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 19-36.
51. Damrosch, Lori Fisler. 2003. The Interface of National Constitutional Systems with International Law and Institutions on Using Military Forces: Changing Trends in Executive and Legislative Powers. In Ku, Charlotte and Harold K. Jacobson (Eds). 2003. Democratic Accountability and the Use of Force in International Law. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 39-60.
52. Davis, Neil V. 2000. Outsourcing, Privatisation and Other Forms of Private Sector Involvement: Conditions and Requisites. Unpublished conference paper at the Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council Conference on Defence Reform, Defence Industry and the State, George Marshall Centre and NATO in Wildbad Kreuth, August.
53. Debiel, Tobias. 2002. Haben Krisenregionen eine Chance auf tragfähigen Frieden? In Debiel Tobias (Ed.). 2002. Der zerbrechliche Frieden. Bonn: Dietz Verlag, 20-63.
54. Debiel, Tobias. 2003. UN-Friedensoperationen in Afrika. Bonn: Dietz Verlag.
55. Debiel, Tobias and Franz Nuscheler (Eds). 1996. Der neue Interventionismus. Humanitäre Einmischung zwischen Anspruch und Wirklichkeit. Bonn: Dietz Verlag.
56. Deng, Francis M. 2000. Reaching Out: A Dinka Principle of Conflict Management. In Zartman, I. William (Ed.). 2000. Traditional Cures for Modern Conflicts, African Conflict 'Medicine'. Boulder, Co and London: Lynne Rienner, 95-126.
57. Deutscher Bundestag. 2004. Jahresabrüstungsbericht 2003. Deutscher Bundestag. Drucksache 15/3167, 14 May.
58. Downing, Jon. 2004. Public Private Partnerships in UK Defence. DBSA-31. Directorate for Broadening Smart Acqusition. Präsentation, London. May (presentation at the disposal of the author).
59. Duffield, Mark. 2000. Globalization, Transborder Trade, and War Economies. In: Berdal, Mats and David M. Malone (Eds). 2000. Greed and Grievances: Economic Agendas in Civil Wars. Boulder, Co and London: Lynne Rienner, 69-89.
60. Duffield, Mark. 2001. Global Governance and New Wars. The Merging of Development and Security. London: Zed Books.
61. Dwan, Renata. 2004. Civilian Tasks and Capabilities in EU-operations. Paper presented at Study Group on Europe's Security Capabilities, London School of Economics and Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung, Berlin 17-18 May. (http://www.lse.ac. uk/Depts/global/StudyGroup/CivilianTaskspaper.htm, accessed 8 November 2004).
62. Eberwein, Wolf-Dieter and Peter Runge. 2002. Neue Herausforderungen für die humanitäre Hilfe: Probleme und Perspektiven. In Eberwein, Wolf-Dieter and Peter Runge (Eds). 2002. Humanitäre Hilfe statt Politik? Münster/Hamburg/ London: Lit Verlag, 9-50.
63. Eisele, Manfred 2000. Die Vereinten Nationen und das internationale Krisenmanagement. Frankfurt/Main: Knecht Verlag.
64. El Baradei, Mohamed. 2003. U.S. Should Set Nuclear Disarmament Example, Reuters 26 August. Quoted in Disarmament Diplomacy, no. 73, October/November 2003.
65. Elwert, Georg. 1999. Markets of Violence. In Elwert, Georg, Stephan Feuchtwang and Dieter Neubert (Eds). Dynamics of Violence: Processes of Escalation and De- Escalation in Violent Group Conflicts. In Sociologus Beiheft 1, Berlin, Duncker & Humblot, 85-102.
66. Eppler, Erhard. 2002. Vom Gewaltmonopol zum Gewaltmarkt? Frankfurt/Main: Suhrkamp Verlag.
67. Eshel, David. 1996. 'Früchte des Zorns'. Aspekte einer Operation im Südlibanon. Allgemeine Schweizerische Militärzeitschrift, no. 162, 10 October, 12-15.
68. European Union Capability Improvement Conference. 2001. Statement by the EU Defence Ministers. Reprinted in Rutten, Maartje (Ed.). 2002. From Nice to Laeken. EU Institute for Security Studies. Paris: Chaillot papers, no. 51. April, 95-101.
69. European Union Commission. 2002. EU Presidency Report on the EU Programme for the Prevention of Violent Conflicts. In Haine, Jean-Yves (Ed.). 2003. From Laeken to Copenhagen. EU Institute for Security Studies. Paris: Chaillot papers, no. 57. February, 96-103.
70. European Union Commission. 2003a. Action Plan for the Implementation of the Basic Principles for an EU Strategy against Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction. DG E VIII, Dokument 10354/1/03 REV 1 (en).
71. European Union Commission. 2003b. Research for a Secure Europe - Report of the Group of Personalities in the Field of Security Research. Luxemburg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities.
72. European Union Council. 2001. Presidency Conclusions. In Haine, Jean-Yves (Ed.). 2003. From Laeken to Copenhagen. EU Institute for Security Studies. Paris: Chaillot papers, no. 57. February, 110-121.
73. European Union Council. 2002. Presidency Conclusions. In Haine, Jean-Yves (Ed.). 2003. From Laeken to Copenhagen. EU Institute for Security Studies. Paris: Chaillot papers, no. 57. February, 135-140.
74. European Union Council. 2003a. General Affairs and External Relations. 2509th Council meeting, Document 9379/03 (Presse 138). Brüssel, 19-20 May.
75. European Union Council. 2003b. A Secure Europe in a Better World. (http://ue. eu.int/uedocs/cms_data/docs/2004/4/29/European%20Security%20Strategy.pdf, accessed 30 December 2004).
76. European Union General Affairs Council. 2002. CFSP: Implications of the Terrorist Threat on the Non-proliferation, Disarmament and Arms Control Policy of the EU - Council Conclusions. (http://europa.eu.int/comm/external_relations/cfsp/intro/ gac.htm#sd150402a, accessed 25 October 2004).
77. European Union. 2004. Treaty Establishing a Constitution for Europe. (http:// europa.eu.int/eur-lex/lex/JOHtml.do?uri=OJ:C:2004:310: SOM:EN: HTML, accessed 30 December 2004).
78. Evans, Gareth. 2002. The Responsibility to Protect. NATO Review, no. 4 (Winter). (www.nato.int/docu/review/2002/issue4/english/analysis_pr.html, accessed 23 October 2003).
79. Feaver, Peter D., Richard H. Kohn and Lindsay P. Cohn. 2001. The Gap Between Military and Civilian in the United States Perspective. In Feaver, Peter D. and Richard H. Kohn, (Eds). 2001. Soldiers and Civilians. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1-11.
80. Field, Kimberly C. and Robert M. Perito. 2002/3. Creating a Force for Peace Operations: Ensuring Stability with Justice. Parameters, vol. XXXII, no. 4 (Winter), 77-87.
81. Findlay, Trevor. 2002. The Use of Force in UN Peace Operations, Oxford: SIPRI. Oxford University Press.
82. Forrari, Marco. 2000. Civil-Military Relations in Humanitarian Emergencies - The View of a Directly Operational Donor Country. 2000. (http://www.isn.ethz.ch/4isf/3/ Elements/w_II-5/w_II-5_ab_Ferrari.htm, accessed 8 November 2004).
83. Freedom House. 2004. Freedom in the World. New York. (http:// www.freedomhouse.org/pdf_docs/research/freeworld/2004/map2004.pdf, accessed 18 October 2004).
84. Frum, David and Richard Perle. 2003. An End to Evil: How to Win the War on Terror. New York: Random House.
85. Füllkrug-Weitzel, Cornelia. 2003. Hilfe zwischen humanitärer Dienstleistung und sozialer Intervention. In Medico International (Ed.). 2003. Macht und Ohnmacht der Hilfe. Frankfurt/Main: Medico Report 25, 64-67.
86. Furley, Oliver. 1998. Rwanda and Burundi: Peacekeeping Amidst Massacres. In Furley, Oliver and Roy May (Eds), Peacekeeping in Africa. Ashgate: Aldershot, 239-261.
87. Ganor, Boaz. 1997. Israeli Counter-Terrorist Policy. Herzlia: International Institute for Counter-Terrorism. (www.ict.org.il, accessed 13 November 2002).
88. Ganor, Boaz. 1998. A New Strategy Against the New Terror. Herzlia: International Institute for Counter-Terrorism. (www.ict.org.il, accessed 13 November 2002).
89. Gantzel, Klaus Jürgen. 2002. Neue Kriege? Neue Krieger? In Schoch, Bruno, Corinna Hauswedell, Christoph Weller, Ulrich Ratsch and Reinhard Mutz (Eds). 2002. Friedensgutachten 2002. Münster/Hamburg/London: Lit Verlag, 80-89.
90. Garcia-Perez, Isolde K. 1999. Contractors on the Battlefield in the 21st Century. Army Logistician, vol. 31, no. 6, 40-43.
91. Gareis, Sven Bernhard. 2002. Der Wandel der Friedenssicherung durch die Vereinten Nationen. Aus Politik und Zeitgeschichte, B 27/28, 8 July, 19-25.
92. Gaultier, Leonard, Garine Hovsepian, Ayesha Ramachandran, Ian Wadley and Badr Zerhdoud 2001. The Mercenary Issue at the UN Commission on Human Rights. London: International Alert.
93. Gebauer, Thomas. 2003. Als müsse Rettung erst noch erdacht werden. In Medico International (Ed.). 2003. Macht und Ohnmacht der Hilfe. Frankfurt/Main: Medico Report 25, 13-19.
94. Goldstein, Lyle. J. 2000. General John Shalikashvili and the Civil-Military Relations of Peacekeeping. Armed Forces & Society, vol. 26, no. 3 (Spring), 387-411.
95. Gordon, Philip. H. 2004. American Choices in the 'War on Terror'. Survival, vol. 46, no. 1 (Spring), 143-155.
96. Gotowicki, Stephen H. 1997. Confronting Terrorism: New War Form or Mission Impossible? Military Review, May/June, 61-66.
97. Gourlay, Catriona. 2000. Managing Civil-Military Co-operation in Humanitarian Intervention. Geneva: UNIDIR, Disarmament forum, no. 3, 33-44.
98. Gourlay, Catriona. 2004. Parliamentary Accountability and ESDP: The National and the European Level. In Born, Hans and Heiner Hänggi (Eds). 2004. The 'Double Democratic Deficit'. Ashgate: Aldershot, 183-200.
99. Graduate Institute of International Studies. 2002. Small Arms Survey 2002. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
100. Grant, Bruce D. 1998. U.S. Military Expertise for Sale: Private Military Consultants as a Tool of Foreign Policy. National Defense University. Washington, DC. (http://www.ndu.edu/inss/books/books%20-%201998/Essays1998/ESSAY98. pdf, accessed 8 November 2004).
101. Gray, Colin S. 2002. Thinking Asymmetrically in Times of Terror. Parameters, vol. XXXII, no. 1 (Spring), 5-14.
102. Greene, Owen. 2004. Democratic Governance and the Internationalisation of Security Policy: The Relevance of Parliaments. In Born, Hans and Heiner Hänggi (Eds). 2004. The 'Double Democratic Deficit'. Aldershot: Ashgate, 19-32.
103. Hagman, Hans-Christian. 2002. European Crisis Management and Defence: The Search for Capabilities. London: The International Institute for Strategic Studies: Adelphi paper no. 353.
104. Haine, Jean-Yves. 2004. ESVP und NATO. In Gnesotto, Nicole (Ed.). 2004. Die Sicherheits- und Verteidigungspolitik der EU. Paris: EU Institute for Security Studies, 155-170.
105. Hampson, Fen Olser. 2003. Canada: Committed Contributor of Ideas and Forces, but Growing Doubts and Problems. In Ku, Charlotte and Harold K. Jacobson (Eds). 2003. Democratic Accountability and the Use of Force in International Law. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 127-153.
106. Hänggi, Heiner. 2004. The Use of Force Under International Auspices: Parliamentary Accountability and 'Democratic Deficits'. In Born, Hans and Heiner Hänggi (Eds). 2004. The 'Double Democratic Deficit'. Ashgate: Aldershot, 3-16.
107. Hart, B. H. Liddell. 1954. Strategy. The Indirect Approach. 3rd edn. London: Cassell.
108. Hartung, William D. 2004. Outsourcing the Blame. (www.tompain.com/print/ outsourcing_blame.php, accessed 8 November 2004).
109. Hassner, Pierre. 2002. The United States: The Empire of Force or the Force of Empire? Paris: EU Institute for Security Studies. Chaillot papers 54.
110. Hauswedell, Corinna and Herbert Wulf. 2004. Die EU als Friedensmacht? In Weller, Christoph, Ulrich Ratsch, Reinhard Mutz, Bruno Schoch, and Corinna Hauswedell (Eds). Friedensgutachten 2004. Münster/Hamburg/ London: Lit Verlag, 122-230.
111. Hauswedell, Corinna and Kris Brown. 2002. Burying the Hatchet. BICC Brief 22, Bonn: Bonn International Center for Conversion. (http://www.bicc.de/publications/ briefs/brief22/content.html, accessed 15 March 2004).
112. Heinemann-Grüder, Andreas. 2003. Im Namen der Nato. Berlin: Agenda Verlag.
113. Heinemann-Grüder, Andreas and Tobias Pietz. 2004. Zivil-militärische Intervention - Militär als Entwicklungshelfer? In Weller, Christoph, Ulrich Ratsch, Reinhard Mutz, Bruno Schoch, and Corinna Hauswedell (Eds). 2004. Münster/Hamburg/London: Lit. Verlag, 200-208.
114. Heitman, Helmöd-Romer. 2002. Crisis Response Capability. A Role for South Africa. African Security Review, vol. 11, no. 1, 61-71.
115. Hendrickson, Dylan and Adrezj Karkoszka. 2002. The Challenges of Security Sector Reform. SIPRI Yearbook 2002, Armaments, Disarmament and International Security. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 175-201.
116. Hippler, Jochen. 2003. Nation-Building: Ein Schlüsselkonzept für friedliche Konfliktbearbeitung? Bonn: Dietz Verlag.
117. Hirsh, Michael. 2000. Calling All Regio-Cops. Peacekeeping's Hybrid Future. Foreign Affairs, vol. 79, no. 6 (November), 2-8.
118. Hooker, Richard D. 2003/4. Soldiers of the State: Reconsidering American Civil-Relations. Parameters, vol. XXXIII, no. 4 (Winter), 4-18.
119. Howard, Michael. 1976. War in European History. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Howard, Michael. 2002. What's in a Name? Foreign Affairs, vol. 81, no. 1, January/February, 8-13.
120. Human Security Report. 2005. Vancouver: Liu Institute for Global Issues (Summer 2005). Oxford University Press.
121. Hummel, Hartwig. 2003. Die Europäische Union und der 'demokratische Frieden': Zur parlamentarischen Kontrolle der Eurooopäischen Sicherheits- und Verteidigungspolitik. In Peter Schlotter (Ed.). 2003. Macht - Europa - Frieden? Baden-Baden: Nomos Verlag, 159-178.
122. Hunter, Robert E. 2002. The European Security and Defense Policy: NATO's Companion - or Competitor? Rand Corporation. Santa Monica. MR-1463- NDRI/RE. (www.rand.org/publications/MR/MR1463/, accessed 2 December 2004).
123. Huntington, Samuel P. 1957. The Soldier and the State: The Theory and Politics of Civil-Military Relations. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
124. Hutsch, Franz-Josef. 2003. Beitrag im Hörfunk NDR 4. Streitkräfte und Strategien, 8 February. (http://www.ndrinfo.de/ndrinfo_pages_std/0,2758,OID68144,00. html, accessed 8 November 2004).
125. Inbar, Efraim. 1991. Israel's Small War: The Military Response to the Intifada. Armed Forces & Society, vol. 18, no. 1 (Fall), 29-50.
126. International Alert (Ed.). 1999. The Privatization of Security: Framing a Conflict Prevention and Peacebuilding Policy Agenda. London: International Alert.
127. International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty. 2001. The Responsibility to Protect. (www.iciss-ciise.gc.ca, accessed 26 October 2004).
128. International Committee of the Red Cross. 2004. ICRC to Expand Contacts with Private Military and Security Companies, 17 May. (http://www.icrc.org/ Web/Eng/siteeng0.nsf/iwpList74/21414DE8FCAF2645C1256EE50038A631, accessed 8 November 2004).
129. International Institute for Strategic Studies. 2004. The US Global Posture Review. Strategic Comments, vol. 10, no. 7 (September).
130. International Peace Operations Association. 2003. Supporting the MONOC Mandate with Private Services in the Democratic Republic of Congo. (www.ipoaonline.org, accessed 15 August 2004).
131. International Peace Operations Association. 2004. IPOA's Mission is to End Wars. (www.ipoaonline.org, accessed 26 October 2004).
132. Isenberg, David. 2004. A Fistful of Contractors: The Case for a Pragmatic Assessment of Private Military Companies in Iraq. In BASIC, Research report, September.
133. Jablonsky, David. 2001. Army Transformation: A Tale of Two Doctrines. Parameters, vol. XXXI, no. 3 (Fall), 43-62.
134. Jakobsen, Peter Viggo. 2002. The Transformation of United Nations Peace Operations in the 1990s. Cooperation and Conflict, vol. 37, no. 3, 268-282.
135. Janowitz, Morris. 1960. The Professional Soldier: A Social and Political Portrait. New York: Free Press.
136. Jean, François and Jean-Christophe Ruffin (Eds). 1999. ökonomie der Bürgerkriege. Hamburg: Hamburger Institut für Sozialforschung. Hamburger Edition.
137. Jenkins, Brian. 2003. The US Response to Terrorism and its Implications for Transatlantic Relations. In Lindstrom, Gustav (Eds). 2003. Shift or Rift. Assessing US-EU Relations after Iraq. Paris: EU Institute for Security Studies, 207-229.
138. Kagan, Robert. 2002. Power and Weakness. Policy Review, no. 113, June/July. (http://www.policyreview.org/JUN02/kagan_print.html, accessed 8 November 2004).
139. Kahn, Mafruza. 2002. Business on the Battlefield: The Role of Private Military Companies. Corporate Research Project. Corporate Research E-Letter, no. 30, December. (www.corp-research.org/dec02.htm, accessed 8 November 2004).
140. Kaldor, Mary. 1981. The Baroque Arsenal. New York: Hill and Wang.
141. Kaldor, Mary. 1997. Introduction. In Mary Kaldor and Basker Vashee (Eds). 1997. Restructuring the Global Military Sector. London and Washington: Pinter, 3-33.
142. Kaldor, Mary. 1999. New and Old Wars, Organized Violence in a Global Era. Cambridge, UK: Polity Press.
143. Karkoszka, Andrzej. 2003. Defence Reforms for Democracy in Eastern Europe from 1989 to 2002. In Bryden, Alan and Philipp Fluri (Eds). 2003. Security Sector Reform: Institutions, Society and Good Governance. Baden-Baden: Nomos Verlag, 47-60.
144. Karsten, Peter. 2001. The US Citizen-Soldier's Past, Present, and Likely Future. Parameters, vol. XXXI, no. 2 (Summer), 61-73.
145. Keane, Rory. 2004. The EU's African Peace Facility Uncovered: Better Late than Never? European Security Review, no. 24, October. (http://www.isis-europe.org/ ftp/Download/ESR%2024-%20final.PDF, accessed 25 October 2004).
146. Keen, David. 1998. The Economic Functions of Violence in Civil Wars. London: The International Institute for Strategic Studies: Adelphi paper no. 320.
147. Kent, Vanessa and Mark Malan. 2003. Decisions, Decisions. South Africa's Foray into Regional Peace Operations. Pretoria: Institute for Security Studies. Occasional paper 72. April.
148. Keohane, Robert O. 1998. International Institutions: Can Interdependence Work? Foreign Policy, no. 110 (Spring), 82-96.
149. Kingma, Kees (Ed.). 2000. Demobilization in Sub-Saharan Africa: The Development of Security Impacts. Basingstoke: Macmillan.
150. Kohn, Richard H. 1997. How Democracies Control the Military. Journal of Democracy, vol. 8, no. 4 (October), 140-153.
151. Kosnik, Mark E. 2000. The Military Response to Terrorism. Naval War College Review, vol. LIII, no. 2, 13-39.
152. Ku, Charlotte and Harold K. Jacobson. 2001. Using Military Forces Under International Auspices and Democratic Accountability. International Relations of the Asia-Pacific, vol. 1, 21-50.
153. Ku, Charlotte and Harold K. Jacobson (Eds). 2003a. Democratic Accountability and the Use of Force in International Law. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
154. Ku, Charlotte and Harold K. Jacobson. 2003b. Broaching the Issues. In Ku, Charlotte and Harold K. Jacobson (Eds). 2003. Democratic Accountability and the Use of Force in International Law. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 3-35.
155. Kühne, Winrich (Ed.). 1993. Blauhelme in einer turbulenten Welt. Baden-Baden: Nomos Verlag.
156. Kurtenbach, Sabine and Peter Lock (Eds). 2004. Kriege als (über)Lebenswelten. Bonn: Dietz Verlag.
157. Lanman, Eric. 1998a. Peacekeeping's Toll: High Personnel Tempo Eroding Readiness on Several Fronts. Armed Forces Journal International, March, 18-19.
158. Lanman, Eric. 1998b. 'Wither the Warrior?' Proceedings, April, 26-29.
159. Laurance, Edward J., Hendrik Wagenmakers and Herbert Wulf. 2005. Managing the Global Problems Created by the Conventional Arms Trade: An Assessment of the United Nations Register of Conventional Arms. Global Governance, vol. 11, no. 2, 225-246.
160. Leriche, Matthew. 2004. Unintended Alliance: The Co-option of Humanitarian Aid in Conflicts. Parameters, vol. XXXIV, no. 1 (Spring), 104-120.
161. Lilly, Damian. 2000a. The Privatization of Peacekeeping: Prospects and Realities. Geneva: UNIDIR, Disarmament Forum 3, 53-62.
162. Lilly, Damian. 2000b. The Privatization of Security and Peacebuilding. London: International Alert.
163. Lilly, Damian and Michael von Tangen Page (Eds). 2002. Security Sector Reform: The Challenges and Opportunities of the Privatisation of Security. London: International Alert.
164. Lindstrom, Gustav. 2004. Im Einsatzgebiet: ESVP-Operationen. In Gnesotto, Nicole (Ed.). 2004. Die Sicherheits- und Verteidigungspolitik der EU. Paris: EU Institute for Security Studies, 131-153.
165. Lischer, Sarah Kenyon. 2003. Collateral Damage. Humanitarian Assistance as a Cause of Conflict. International Security, vol. 28, no. 1 (Summer), 79-109.
166. Lock, Peter. 2001. Sicherheit á la Carte? Entstaatlichung, Gewaltmärkte und die Privatisierung des staatlichen Gewaltmonopols. In Brühl, Tanja, Tobias Debiel,
167. Brigitte Hamm, Hartwig Hummel and Jens Martens (Eds). 2001. Die Privatisierung der Weltpolitik. Entstaatlichung und Kommerzialisierung im Globalisierungsprozess. Bonn: Dietz Verlag, 200-229.
168. Lock, Peter. 2004. Gewalt als Regulation: Zur Logik der Schattenglobalisierung. In Kurtenbach, Sabine and Peter Lock (Eds). 2004. Kriege als (über)Lebenswelten. Bonn: Dietz Verlag, 40-61.
169. Luckham, Robin. 2003. Democratic Strategies for Security in Transition and Conflict. In Cawthra, Gavin and Robin Luckham (Eds). 2003. Governing Insecurity. London: Zed Books, 3-28.
170. MacFarlane, S. Neil. 1997. Peace Support Operations and Humanitarian Action: A Conference Report. Oxford University. Oxford Center for International Studies, 9 August.
171. MacFarlane, S. Neil. 2002. Intervention in Contemporary World Politics. London: The International Institute for Strategic Studies: Adelphi paper no. 350.
172. Mair, Stefan. 2004. Die Rolle von Private Military Companies in Gewaltkonflikten. In Kurtenbach, Sabine and Peter Lock (Eds). 2004. Kriege als (über)Lebenswelten. Bonn: Dietz Verlag, 260-273.
173. Malan, Mark. 2004. New Tools in the Box? Towards a Standby Force for the AU. In Field, Shannon (Ed.). 2004. Peace in Africa. Johannesburg: Institute for Global Dialogue, 193-223.
174. Mandel, Robert. 2001. The Privatization of Security. Armed Forces & Society, vol. 28, no. 1 (Fall), 129-151.
175. Manigart, Philippe. 2001. Defense Restructuring: Comparative Survey Among Military Personnel in Four European Countries. International Conference on Disarmament and Conversion, Bremen: (unpublished).
176. Markusen, Ann R. 2003. The Case Against Privatizing National Security. Governance, vol. 16, no. 4 (October), 471-501.
177. Markusen, Ann R. and Sean S. Costigan. 1999. The Military Industrial Challenge. In Markusen, Ann R. and Sean S. Costigan (Eds). 1999. Arming the Future: A Defense Industry for the 21st Century. New York: Council on Foreign Rations Press, 3-34.
178. Matthies, Volker (Ed.). 1995. Vom Krieg zum Frieden. Kriegsbeendigung und Friedenskonsolidierung. Bremen: Temmen.
179. Mawdsley, Jocelyn. 2004. The Policy Choices Ahead for the EU on Armaments. In Mawdsley, Jocelyn, Marta Martinelli and Eric Remacle (Eds). Europe and the Global Arms Agenda: Security, Trade and Accountability 2004. Baden-Baden: Nomos Verlag, 41-49.
180. Mayhew, Barney. 2000. CARE International's Relationship with the Military: A Draft Discussion Paper. Brüssel: CARE International.
181. McPeak, Michael and Sandra N. Ellis. 2004. Managing Contractors in Joint Operations: Filling the Gaps in Doctrine. Army Logistician, vol. 36, no. 2, 6-9.
182. Medico International (Ed.). Macht und Ohnmacht der Hilfe, Frankfurt/Main: Medico Report 25.
183. Mendez, Ruben P. 1999. Peace as a Global Public Good. In Kaul, Inge, Isabelle Grunberg and Marc Stern (Eds). 1999. Global Public Goods. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 382-416.
184. Messner, Dirk and Franz Nuscheler. 1997. Global Governance. Herausforderungen an der Schwelle zum 21. Jahrhundert. In Dieter Senghaas (Ed.). 1997. Frieden machen, Frankfurt/Main: Suhrkamp, 337-361.
185. Miller, Laura, L. 1997. Do Soldiers Hate Peacekeeping? The Case of Preventive Diplomacy Operations in Macedonia. Armed Forces & Society, vol. 23, no. 3 (Spring) 415-450.
186. Milliken, Jennifer (Ed.). 2003. State Failure, Collapse & Reconstruction. Oxford: Blackwell.
187. Minear, Larry and Phillipe Guillot. 1996. Soldiers to the Rescue: Humanitarian Lessons from Rwanda. Paris: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.
188. Minear, Larry, Ted van Baarda and Marc Sommers. 2000. NATO and Humanitarian Action in the Kosovo Crisis. Humanitarian & War Project, Providence, Rhode Island: Brown University.
189. Mingst, Karen A. 2003. Domestic Political Factors and Decisions to Use Military Forces. In Ku, Charlotte and Harold K. Jacobson. (Eds). 2003. Democratic Accountability and the Use of Force in International Law. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 61-80.
190. Misereor, EED and Brot fürdie Welt. 2003. Entwicklungspolitik im Windschatten militärischer Intervention. Position paper. Aachen, Bonn, Stuttgart: 31 July. (www.misereor.de/allgemein_4459.php, accessed 8 November 2004).
191. Mockaitis, Thomas R. 1993. Low-intensity Conflict: The British Experience. Conflict Quarterly, vol. 13, no. 1 (Winter), 7-16.
192. Monaco, Analisa. 2003. NATO Response Force: More Than a 'Paper Army'? NATO Notes (ISIS Europe), vol. 5, no. 7 (October) 1-3. (http://.isis-europe.org/ftp/download/nato%20notes%20vol.%205%20no%20.7.pdf, accessed 7 November 2004).
193. Moskos, Charles C. 1976. Peace Soldiers. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
194. Moskos, Charles C., John Allen Williams and David R. Segal (Eds). 2000a. The Postmodern Military. New York and London: Oxford University Press.
195. Moskos, Charles C., John Allen Williams and David R. Segal. 2000b. Armed Forces After the Cold War. In Moskos, Charles C., John Allen Williams and David R. Segal (Eds). 2000. The Postmodern Military. New York and London: Oxford University Press, 1-13.
196. Münkler, Herfried, 2001. Die brutale Logik des Terrors. Süddeutsche Zeitung am Wochende, Feuilleton-Beilage, 29/30 1 September.
197. Münkler, Herfried. 2002. Neue Kriege. Hamburg: Rowohlt Verlag. Musah, Abdel-Fatau and J.`Kayode Fayemi (Eds). 2000. Mercenaries. An African Security Dilemma. London and Sterling, Virginia: Pluto Press.
198. Mutz, Reinhard. 2004. Verteidigung am Hindukusch? Gratwanderung deutscher Sicherheitspolitik. In Weller, Christoph, Ulrich Ratsch, Reinhard Mutz, Bruno Schoch and Corinna Hauswedell (Eds). 2004. Lit Verlag, Münster, 251-259.
199. Nathan, Laurie. 2001. 'The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse'. Structural Causes of Crisis and Violence in Africa. Track Two, vol. 10, no. 2 (August), 3-24.
200. Nathan, Laurie. 2004. The Absence of Common Values and Failure of Common Security in Southern Africa, 1992-2003. London: Crisis States Programme. Working paper no. 50. (www.crisisstates.com/publications/wp/wpregion.htm, accessed 4 November 2004).
201. NATO. Military Commission Doctrine MC 411/1. no year. (http://www.nato.int/ ims/docu/mc411-1-e.htm, accessed 8 November 2004).
202. NATO. 1999. Strategisches Konzept, Brüssel. (www.NATO/inf/docu/pr/1999/ p99-065e.html, accessed 20 February 2002).
203. NATO. 2001. Can Soldiers be Peacekeepers and Warriors? NATO Review, Web edition, vol. 49, no. 2 (Summer), 16-20.
204. NATO. 2003. Fact Sheet. The NATO Response Force - NRF. (www.nato.int/shape/ issues/shape_nrf/030820.htm, accessed 25 September 2003).
205. Neethling, Theo. 2002. The Emerging South African Profile in Africa. Reflection on the Significance of South Africa's Entrance into Peacekeeping. Africa Journal in Conflict Resolution, no. 1. (www.accord.org.za, accessed 28 February 2004).
206. Nhara, William. 1998. Conflict Management and Peace Operations: The Role of the Organisation of African Unity and Subregional Organisations. In Malan, Mark (Ed.). Resolute Partners. Building Peacekeeping Capacity in Southern Africa. Pretoria: ISS Monograph Series, no. 21, February, 32-42.
207. Nieuwkerk, Anthoni van. 2004. The Role of the AU and NEPAD in Africa's New Security Regime. In Field, Shannon (Ed.). 2004. Peace in Africa. Johannesburg: Institute for Global Dialogue, 41-61.
208. Nolte, Georg. 2003. Die USA und das Völkerrecht. Friedenswarte. vol. 78, no. 2-3, 119-140.
209. Nuscheler, Franz. 2000a. Global Governance, Entwicklung und Frieden. Zur Interdependenz globaler Ordnungsstrukturen. In Franz Nuscheler (Ed.). 2000.
210. Entwicklung und Frieden im 21. Jahrhundert. Bonn: Sonderband der Stiftung Entwicklung und Frieden, 471-507.
211. Nuscheler, Franz. 2000b. Kritik der Kritik am Global Governance-Konzept. PROKLA. Zeitschrift für kritische Sozialwissenschaft, vol. 30, no. 118, 151-156.
212. O'Brian, Kevin A. 1998. Military-Advisory Groups and African Security: Privatized Peacekeeping? International Peacekeeping, vol. 5, no. 3 (Autumn), 78-105.
213. O'Hanlon, Michael and Peter W. Singer. 2004. The Humanitarian Transformation: Expanding Global Intervention Capacity. Survival, vol. 46, no. 1 (Spring), 77-100.
214. Ogata, Sadako and Amartya Sen. 2003. Final Report of the Commission on Human Security. (http://www.humansecurity-chs.org/finalreport/FinalReport.pdf, accessed 8 November 2004).
215. Operation Eagle Claw. (www.specwarnet.com/miscinfo/eagleclaw.html, accessed 4 March 2002).
216. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development/DAC. 1997. Civilian and Military Means of Providing and Supporting Humanitarian Assistance During Conflict: A Comparative Analysis. Paris: Document DCD/DAC(97)19.
217. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development/DAC. 2001. Helping Prevent Violent Conflict. Orientations for External Partners. Supplement to the DAC Guidelines on Conflict, Peace and Development Co-operation on the Threshold of the 21st Century, Paris. (http://www.oecd.org/dac/pdf/G-con-e.pdf, accessed 17 November 2002).
218. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development/DAC. 2004. Security System Reform and Governance. DAC Guidelines and Reference Series. Paris. (www.oecd.org/dac/conflict, accessed 7 November 2004).
219. Orsini, Eric A. and Gary T. Bublitz. 1999. Contractors on the Battlefield: Risks on the Road Ahead? Army Logistician, vol. 31, no. 1, 130-132.
220. OXFAM. 2000. The Roles of Civilian Humanitarian Agencies and the Military in Humanitarian Crises. Dicussion paper (unpublished). Oxford. 26 July.
221. OXFAM. 2003. Iraq: Humanitarian-Military Relations. Oxford: OXFAM Briefing paper 41, February.
222. OXFAM. 2004. Oxfam Suspends all Direct Operations in Iraq. Oxford. (www.Oxfam.org.uk/what_we_do/where_we_work/iraq/update0404, accessed 8 November 2004).
223. Pape, Matthias. 1997. Humanitäre Intervention. Zur Bedeutung der Menschenrechte in den Vereinten Nationen. Baden-Baden: Nomos Verlag.
224. Pelton, Emily. 2000. Mission Creep? Peacekeepers' Influence on Humanitarian Aid Delivery in Kosovo and East Timor. CARE, Policy and Advocacy Unit. Discussion paper (unpublished).
225. Pugh, Michael. 2003. Protectorates and Spoils of Peace: Political Economy in South-East Europe. In Jung, Dietrich (Ed.). 2003. Shadow Globalization, Ethnic Conflicts and New Wars. London: Routledge, 47-69.
226. Pugh, Michael. 2004. Peacekeeping and Critical Theory. International Peacekeeping, vol. 11, no. 1 (Spring), 39-58.
227. Pugh, Michael and Neil Cooper. 2004. War Economies in a Regional Context. Boulder, Co and London: Lynne Rienner.
228. Reno, William. 2000. Shadow States and the Political Economy of Civil War. In Berdal, Mats and David M. Malone (Eds). 2000. Greed and Grievances: Economic Agendas in Civil Wars. Boulder, Co and London: Lynne Rienner, 43-68.
229. Republic of South Africa. 1996. Defence in a Democracy. White Paper on National Defence for the Republic of South Africa, May. (www.gov.za/whitepaper/1996/ defencewp.htm#inter_peace, accessed 20 February 2004).
230. Republic of South Africa. 1999. White Paper on South African Participation in International Peace Missions. February. (www.gov.za/whitepaper/1999/peace: missions.htm, accessed 20 February 2004).
231. Rice, Condoleeza. 2000. Promoting the National Interest. Foreign Affairs, vol. 79, January/February, 45-62.
232. Roberts, Adam. 1996. Humanitarian Action in War - Aid, Protection and Impartiality in a Policy Vacuum. London: The International Institute for Strategic Studies: Adelphi paper No. 305.
233. Sandler, Todd and Keith Hartley. 1995. The Economics of Defense. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
234. Sandline International. 1998. Private Military Companies - Independent or Regulated? (www.sandline.com/site/index.html. September, accessed 14 June 2001), 1.
235. Sandoz, Yves. 1999. Perspectives on Suitable Policy Frameworks. In International Alert (Ed.). 1999. The Privatization of Security: Framing a Conflict Prevention and Peacebuilding Policy Agenda. London: International Alert, 19-22.
236. Schiff, Rebecca L. 1995. Civil-Military Relations Reconsidered: A Theory of Concordance. Armed Forces & Society, vol. 22, no. 1 (Fall), 7-24.
237. Schlichte, Klaus. 1996. Krieg und Vergesellschaftung in Afrika. Ein Beitrag zur Theorie des Krieges. Münster/Hamburg/London: Lit Verlag.
238. Schlichte, Klaus. 1998. Why States Decay. A Preliminary Assessment. Hamburg: Universität Hamburg, Forschungsstelle Kriege, Rüstung und Entwicklung. Arbeitspapier no. 2.
239. Schmitt, Burkard. 2004. Europas Fähigkeiten - Wie viele Divisionen? In Gnesotto, Nicole (Ed.). 2004. Die Sicherheits- und Verteidigungspolitik der EU. Paris: EU Institute for Security Studies, 105-130.
240. Schreier, Fred and Marina Caparini. 2005. Law, Practice and Governance of Private Military and Security Companies. Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control of the Armed Forces, Geneva: Occasional Paper, no. 6, March.
241. Schwartz, Nelson D. 2003. The War Business. The Pentagon's Private Army. Fortune, 3 March. (www.fortune.com/fortune/articles/0,15114,427948,00.html, accessed 8 November 2004).
242. Shaw, Mark and Jakkie Cilliers (Ed.). 1995. South Africa and Peacekeeping in Africa. Midrand: Institute for Defence Policy.
243. Shawcross, William. 2000. Deliver us from Evil: Peacekeepers, Warlords, and a World of Endless Conflict. London: Bloomsbury.
244. Shearer, David. 1998. Private Armies and Military Intervention. London: The International Institute for Strategic Studies: Adelphi paper no. 316.
245. Shultz, George P. 1984. Terrorism and the Modern World. Department of State Bulletin, December.
246. Singer, Peter W. 2001/02. Corporate Warriors: The Rise and Ramifications of the Privatized Military Industry. International Security, vol. 26, no. 3 (Winter), 186-220.
247. Singer, Peter W. 2003. Corporate Warriors. The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry. Ithaka: Cornell University Press.
248. Sloan, Stephen. 1986. In Search of a Counterterrorism Doctrine. Military Review, January, 44-48.
249. Slocombe, Walter B. 2003. Terrorism/Counter-Terrorism: Their Impact on Security Sector Reform and Basic Democratic Values. In Bryden, Alan and Philipp Fluri (Eds). 2003. Security Sector Reform: Institutions, Society and Good Governance. Baden-Baden: Nomos Verlag, 291-301.
250. Smillie, Ian. 2000. Inside the Wire? Civil-Military Cooperation in Complex Emergencies. Discussion paper (unpublished) CARE Canada.
251. Smith, Edwin M. 2003. Collective Security, Peacekeeping, and ad hoc Multilateralism. In Ku, Charlotte and Harold K. Jacobson (Eds). 2003.
252. Democratic Accountability and the Use of Force in International Law. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 81-103.
253. Smith, Eugene B. 2002/03. The New Condottieri and US Policy: The Privatization of Conflict and Its Implications. Parameters, vol. XXXII, no. 4 (Winter), 104-119.
254. Solana, Javier. 2003. A Secure Europe in a Better World. European Council. Thessaloniki, 20 June. (http://ue.eu.int/newsroom, accessed 21 February 2004).
255. Sorensen, Henning. 2000. Denmark: From Obligation to Option. In Moskos, Charles C., John Allen Williams and David R. Segal (Eds). 2000. The Postmodern Military. New York and London: Oxford University Press, 121-136.
256. Spicer, Tim. 1998. Why We can Help Where Governments Fear to Tread. Sunday Times, 24 May.
257. Steyn, Pierre. 1998. South Africa and Peace Support Operations: Limitations, Options and Challenges. African Security Review, vol. 7, no. 1, 26-36.
258. Stockholm International Peace Research Institute. 2001-2004. SIPRI Yearbook (annual). Armaments, Disarmament and International Security. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
259. Studer, Meinrad. 2000. Civil-Military Relations in Humanitarian Emergencies - An ICRC Perspective. (www.isn.ethz.ch/4isf/3/elements/w_II-5_ab_studer.htm).
260. Studer, Meinrad. 2001. The ICRC and Civil-Military Relations in Armed Conflict. International Review of the Red Cross, no. 842, 367-391.
261. Study Group on Europe's Security Capabilities. 2004. A Human Security Doctrine for Europe. Barcelona, 15 September. (http://www.gfn-ssr.org/edocs/lse_human_ security_report.pdf, accessed 8 November 2004).
262. Tauxe, Jean-Daniel. 2000. The ICRC and Civil-Military Cooperation in Situations of Armed Conflict. Paper presented at the 45th Rese-Roth Seminar, Montreux, 2 March.
263. Thakur, Ramesh and Dipankar Banerjee. 2003. India: Democratic, Poor, Internationalist. In Ku, Charlotte and Harold K. Jacobson (Eds). 2003. Democratic Accountability and the Use of Force in International Law. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 176-204.
264. The Center for Public Integrity. 2004. Windfalls of War. (www.publicintegrity. org/wow/bio.aspx?act=prod&ddlC=31, accessed 8 November 2004).
265. Thomson, Janice. 1994. Mercenaries, Pirates, and Sovereigns: State-building and Extraterritorial Violence in Early Modern Europe, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
266. Tilly, Charles. (Ed.). 1990. Coercion, Capital, and European States. Cambridge, MA: Basil Blackwood.
267. Tomuschat, Christian. 2003. Iraq - Demise of International Law? Friedenswarte, vol. 78, nos. 2-3, 141-160.
268. Trotha, Trutz von. 1996. From Administrative to Civil Chieftaincy. Some Problems and Prospects of African Chieftaincy. Journal of Legal Pluralism and Unofficial Law, no. 37/38, 79-107.
269. Trotha, Trutz von. 1997. Zur Soziologie der Gewalt. In Trotha, Trutz von (Ed.). 1997. Soziologie der Gewalt, Kölner Zeitschrift für Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie, Sonderheft 37, Opladen and Wiesbaden: Westdeutscher Verlag, 9-56.
270. Tuzmukhamedov, Bakhtiyar. 2000. The Legal Framework of CIS Regional Peace Operations. International Peacekeeping, vol. 6, no. 1 (January/February), 1-6.
271. UK Government. 2002. Private Military Companies: Options for Regulation. 12 February. (www.fco.gov.uk/files/kfile/mercenaries,0.pdf, accessed 15 January 2004).
272. UK Government. 2004a. Public Private Partnerships. Changing the Way We do Business. Elements of PPP in Defence. (http://mod.uk/business/ppp_defence.htm, accessed 14 August 2004).
273. UK Government. 2004b. Public Private Partnerships: Changing the Way We do Business. Sponsored Reserves. (http://mod.uk/business/ppp/reserves.htm, accessed 14 August 2004).
274. UK Government. 2004c. Public Private Partnerships. Changing the Way We do Business. PFI Guidelines. London. (http://mod.uk/business/ppp/guidelines/ intro.htm, accessed 14 August 2004).
275. UK Government. 2004d. Ministry of Defence: Signed PPP Projects. (http://www.mod.uk/business/ppp/database.htm, accessed 14 August 2004).
276. UK Government. 2004e. Ministry of Defence: PPP Projects in Procurement. (http://www.mod.uk/business/ppp/database.htm, accessed 14 August 2004).
277. UK Parliament. 2003. Seventh Report. Select Committee on European Union Seventh Report. 11 February. (http://www.publications.parliament.uk/ pa/ld200203/idselect/ldeucom/53/5301.htm, accessed, 7 January 2004).
278. UN Department of Humanitarian Assistance. 1994. Guidelines on the Use of Military and Civil Defense Assets in Disaster Relief. Geneva: May.
279. UN Economic and Social Council. 2001a. The Right of Peoples to Self-determination and Its Application to Peoples Under Colonial or Alien Domination or Foreign Occupation. Geneva: E/CN.4/2001/18, 14 February.
280. UN Economic and Social Council. 2001b. Commission on Human Rights. Geneva: E/CN.4/2001/19, 11 January.
281. UN Economic and Social Council. 2002. The Right of Peoples to Self-determination and Its Application to Peoples Under Colonial or Alien Domination or Foreign Occupation (UN Commission on Human Rights). E/CN.4/2002/20, 10 January.
282. UN Economic and Social Council. Release 2002. UN Expert Meeting Recommends Clearer Definitions of Mercenaries; Calls for Increased Accountability of Private Security Companies. 22 May.
283. United Nations Development Programme. 2002. Human Development Report. Deepening Development in a Fragmented World. New York: Oxford University Press.
284. United Nations Development Programme. 2003. Human Development Report. Millennium Development Goals: A Compact Among Nations to End Human Poverty. New York: Oxford University Press.
285. United Nations General Assembly. 1999. Report of the Secretary General, The Fall of Srebrenica. New York: November. (http://www.srebrenica.nl/en/munulinks. htm, accessed 20 January 2002).
286. United Nations General Assembly. 2001a. Comprehensive Review of the Whole Question of Peacekeeping Operations in all their Aspects. Report of the Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations. New York: (A/55/1024), 31 July. [Brahimi Report].
287. United Nations General Assembly. 2001b. Prevention of Armed Conflict. Report of the Secretary General. New York: (A/55/985 and S/2001/574), 7 June.
288. United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights. 2002. The Impact of Mercenary Activities on the Right of Peoples to Self-Determination. Geneva: Office of the United Nation High Commissioner for Human Rights, Fact Sheet No. 28, GE.01-46674.
289. United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. 2003. Refugees by Numbers. (www.unhcr.ch/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/basics, accessed 8 November 2004).
290. United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights. 2004. Maintaining the Civlian and Humanitarian Character of Asylum. Geneva: PPLA Series, no. 2, June.
291. United Nations High-level Panel on Threats, Challenges and Change. 2004. A More Secure World: Our Shared Responsibility. New York: Report of the Highlevel Panel on Threats, Challenges and Change.
292. United Nations Inter-Agency Standing Committee Work Group. 2004. Civil-Military Relationship in Complex Emergencies. New York: An IASC Reference paper, 28 June.
293. United Nations Secretary General. 2000. 'We the Peoples'. New York: (A/54/2000). [Millennium Report].
294. United States General Accounting Office. 1997a. Contingency Operations. Opportunities to Improve the Logistics Civil Augmentation Program. Washington: GAO/NSIAD-97-63, February.
295. United States General Accounting Office. 1997b. DoD Competitive Sourcing. Savings are Occurring, But Actions are Needed to Improve Accuracy of Savings Estimates. Washington: GAO/NSIAD-00-107.
296. United States General Accounting Office. 1999a. DoD Competitive Sourcing. Results of Recent Competitions. Washington: GAO/NSIAD-99-44.
297. United States General Accounting Office. 1999b. DoD Competitive Sourcing. Questions About Goals, Pace, and Risks of Key Reform Initiatives. Washington: GAO/NSIAD-99-46.
298. United States General Accounting Office. 2000. DoD Competitive Sourcing. Some Progress, but Continuing Challenges Remain in Meeting Program Goals. Washington: GAO/NSIAD-00-106.
299. United States General Accounting Office. 2003a. DoD Faces Challenges Implementing Its Core Competency Approach and A-76. Washington. GAO-03-818.
300. United States General Accounting Office. 2003b. Major Management Challenges and Program Risks. Washington: GAO-03-98.
301. US Department of Defense. 1990. Annual Defense Report to the President and Congress. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office (GPO).
302. US Department of Defense. 1997. Annual Defense Report to the President and Congress. (www.defenselink.mil/execsec/adr-97/chap9.html, accessed 4 March. 2002).
303. US Department of Defense. 2001a. Annual Defense Report to the President and Congress. (www.dtic.mil/execsec/adr-2001/, 26, accessed 4 March 2002).
304. US Department of Defense. 2001b. Secretary of Defense Donal H. Rumsfeld, Quadrennial Defense Review Report. (www. defenselink.mil/pubs/qudr2001.pdf, accessed 4 March 02).
305. US Department of State. 2004a. Patterns of Global Terroism. (www.state.gov/s/ ct/rls/pgtrpt/2003/33771.htm, accessed 8 November 2004).
306. US Department of State. 2004b. US Global Posture Review. (http://fpc.state. gov/fpc/35246.htm, accessed 20 October 2004).
307. US Government. White House. 2002a. National Security Strategy. Washington. (www.whitehouse-gov/nsc/nssall.html, accessed 22 May 2003).
308. US Government. White House. 2002b. President George W. Bush, The Global War on Terrorism. The First 100 Days. Washington. (www.whitehouse.gov/news/ releases/2001/12/print/100ddayreport.html, 7, accessed 4 March 2002).
309. Vaux, Tony, Chris Seiple, Greg Nakano and Koenraad van Brabant. 2002. Humanitarian Action and Private Security Companies. London: International Alert.
310. VENRO. 2003. Streitkräfte als humanitäre Helfer? Bonn: VENRO Position paper, May.
311. Verlöy, André and Daniel Politi. 2004. Contracting Intelligence. The Center for Public Integrity. (www.publicintegrity.org/wow/report.aspx?aid=361, accessed 8 November 2004).
312. Vines, Alex. 2000. Mercenaries, Human Rights and Legality. In Musah, Abdel- Fatau and J. `Kayode Fayemi (Eds). 2000. Mercenaries. An African Security Dilemma. London and Sterling, Virginia: Pluto Press, 169-197.
313. Wagner, Wolfgang. 2004. Für Europa sterben? Die demokratische Legitimität der Europäischen Sicherheits- und Verteidigungspolitik. HSFK-Report no. 3, Frankfurt/Main: Hessische Stiftung Friedens- und Konfliktforschung.
314. Wallace, J. J. A. 1996. Manoeuvre Theory in Operations Other Than War. Journal of Strategic Studies, vol. 19, no. 4 (December), 207-226.
315. Weber, Max. 1919. Politik als Beruf. In Max Weber. 1992. Gesamtausgabe, vol. 17, Tübingen: J.C.B. Mohr/Paul Siebeck, 157-252.
316. Weiss, Aaron. 2001. When Terror Strikes, Who Should Respond? Parameters, vol. XXXI, no. 3 (Autumn), 117-133.
317. Weiss, Thomas George. 1999. Military-Civilian Interactions. Lanham: Rowman and Littlefield.
318. Weiss, Thomas George. 2000. Governance, Good Governance and Global Governance. Third World Quarterly, vol. 21, no. 5 (October), 795-814.
319. Western, Jon. 2002. Sources of Humanitarian Intervention. International Security, vol. 26, no. 4 (Spring), 112-142.
320. Wilkinson, Paul. 2002. Terrorism versus Democracy. The Liberal State Response. London and Portland: Frank Cass Publisher, 19-20.
321. Williams, Rocky. 2000. From Peacekeeping to Peacebuilding? South African Policy and Practice in Peace Missions. International Peacekeeping, vol. 7, no. 3 (Autumn), 84-104.
322. Wilson, Gary. 2003. UN Authorized Enforcement: Regional Organizations versus 'Coalitions of the Willing'. International Peacekeeping, vol. 10, no. 2 (Summer), 89-106.
323. Wright, Neill. 2000. Civil-Military Relations in Humanitarian Emergencies - A UNHCR Perspective. Paper presented at the 4th International Security Forum, Workshop II.5. Geneva, 17 November.
324. Wulf, Herbert. 2002. Change of Uniform - but no Uniform Change in Function. Soldiers in Search of a New Role. In BICC Conversion Survey 2002. Baden-Baden: Nomos Verlag, 92-109.
325. Wulf, Herbert. 2003. 'Rent-a-Soldier'. Die Privatisierung des Militärs. Wissenschaft und Frieden, vol. 21, no. 3, 7-12.
326. Wulf, Herbert. 2004a. Security Sector Reform in Developing and Transitional Countries. In McCartney, Clem, Martina Fischer and Oliver Wils (Eds). 2004. Security Sector Reform Potentials and Challenges for Conflict Transformation. Berlin: Berghof Foundation, 9-28. (http://www.berghof-handbook.net/articles/ ssr_ complete.pdf, accessed 8 November 2004).
327. Wulf, Herbert. 2004b. Have the European Union and Its Member States Put Arms Control on the Backburner? European Security, no. 12, 113-128.
328. Wulf, Herbert. 2005. Internationalisierung und Privatisierung von Krieg und Frieden. Baden-Baden: Nomos Verlag.
329. Zamparelli, Steven J. 1999. Contractors on the Battlefield: What Have We Signed up for? Air Force Journal of Logistics, vol. 23, no. 3 (Fall), 11-14.
330. Zartman, I. William (Ed.). 1995. Collapsed States: The Disintegration and Restoration of Legitimate Authority. Boulder, Co and London: Lynne Rienner.