Resistance to polymyxins in Gram-negative organisms

International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents

Volumn 49, Issue 5, 2017, Pages 526-535

  Jeannot, Katy ^a   Bolard, Arnaud ^a   Plésiat, Patrick ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL OF BESANÇON   (France)

Author keywords

Acinetobacter baumannii; Colistin resistance; Enterobacteriaceae; MCR 1; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Two components systems

Indexed keywords

COLISTIN; POLYMYXIN B; ANTIINFECTIVE AGENT; ESCHERICHIA COLI PROTEIN; MCR-1 PROTEIN, E COLI; POLYMYXIN;

ACINETOBACTER BAUMANNII; ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE; ANTIBIOTIC SENSITIVITY; ARTICLE; BACTERIAL GENE; BACTERIAL GROWTH; BACTERIAL STRAIN; BACTERIUM ISOLATE; ESCHERICHIA COLI; GENE EXPRESSION; IN VITRO STUDY; KLEBSIELLA PNEUMONIAE; MCR1 GENE; MCR1.2 GENE; MCR2 GENE; MINIMUM INHIBITORY CONCENTRATION; NONHUMAN; PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA; DRUG EFFECTS; GENETICS; GRAM NEGATIVE INFECTION; HUMAN; MICROBIOLOGY; MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE; PLASMID;

ACINETOBACTER BAUMANNII; ANTI-BACTERIAL AGENTS; DRUG RESISTANCE, MULTIPLE, BACTERIAL; ESCHERICHIA COLI; ESCHERICHIA COLI PROTEINS; GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIAL INFECTIONS; HUMANS; KLEBSIELLA PNEUMONIAE; PLASMIDS; POLYMYXINS; PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA;

EID: 85012237142     PISSN: 09248579     EISSN: 18727913     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2016.11.029     Document Type: Article

References (158)

1. [1] Boucher, H.W., Talbot, G.H., Bradley, J.S., Edwards, J.E., Gilbert, D., Rice, L.B., et al. Bad bugs, no drugs: no ESKAPE! An update from the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis 48 (2009), 1–12.
2. [2] US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Antibiotic resistance threats in the United States. 2013, CDC, Atlanta, GA.
3. [3] Shlaes, D.M., Sahm, D., Opiela, C., Spellberg, B., The FDA reboot of antibiotic development. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 57 (2013), 4605–4607.
4. [4] Tzouvelekis, L.S., Markogiannakis, A., Psichogiou, M., Tassios, P.T., Daikos, G.L., Carbapenemases in Klebsiella pneumoniae and other Enterobacteriaceae: an evolving crisis of global dimensions. Clin Microbiol Rev 25 (2012), 682–707.
5. [5] Munoz-Price, L.S., Poirel, L., Bonomo, R.A., Schwaber, M.J., Daikos, G.L., Cormican, M., et al. Clinical epidemiology of the global expansion of Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemases. Lancet Infect Dis 13 (2013), 785–796.
6. [6] Kempf, M., Rolain, J.M., Emergence of resistance to carbapenems in Acinetobacter baumannii in Europe: clinical impact and therapeutic options. Int J Antimicrob Agents 39 (2012), 105–114.
7. [7] European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Summary of the latest data on antibiotic consumption in the European Union. ESAC-Net data. 2015, ECDC, Stockholm, Sweden.
8. [8] Biswas, S., Brunel, J.M., Dubus, J.C., Reynaud-Gaubert, M., Rolain, J.M., Colistin: an update on the antibiotic of the 21st century. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 10 (2012), 917–934.
9. [9] Trent, M.S., Biosynthesis, transport, and modification of lipid A. Biochem Cell Biol 82 (2004), 71–86.
10. [10] Ernst, R.K., Guina, T., Miller, S.I., Salmonella Typhimurium outer membrane remodeling: role in resistance to host innate immunity. Microbes Infect 3 (2001), 1327–1334.
11. [11] Moskowitz, S.M., Ernst, R.K., Miller, S.I., PmrAB, a two-component regulatory system of Pseudomonas aeruginosa that modulates resistance to cationic antimicrobial peptides and addition of aminoarabinose to lipid A. J Bacteriol 186 (2004), 575–579.
12. [12] Pelletier, M.R., Casella, L.G., Jones, J.W., Adams, M.D., Zurawski, D.V., Hazlett, K.R., et al. Unique structural modifications are present in the lipopolysaccharide from colistin-resistant strains of Acinetobacter baumannii. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 57 (2013), 4831–4840.
13. [13] Moffatt, J.H., Harper, M., Harrison, P., Hale, J.D., Vinogradov, E., Seemann, T., et al. Colistin resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii is mediated by complete loss of lipopolysaccharide production. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 54 (2010), 4971–4977.
14. [14] European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Antimicrobial resistance surveillance in Europe 2014. Annual report of the European Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Network (EARS-Net). 2015, ECDC, Stockholm, Sweden.
15. [15] Liu, Y.Y., Wang, Y., Walsh, T.R., Yi, L.X., Zhang, R., Spencer, J., et al. Emergence of plasmid-mediated colistin resistance mechanism MCR-1 in animals and human beings in China: a microbiological and molecular biological study. Lancet Infect Dis 16 (2016), 161–168.
16. [16] Skov, R.L., Monnet, D.L., Plasmid-mediated colistin resistance (mcr-1 gene): three months later, the story unfolds. Euro Surveill, 21, 2016, 10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2016.21.9.30155.
17. [17] Gunn, J.S., Richards, S.M., Recognition and integration of multiple environmental signals by the bacterial sensor kinase PhoQ. Cell Host Microbe 1 (2007), 163–165.
18. [18] Wosten, M.M., Kox, L.F., Chamnongpol, S., Soncini, F.C., Groisman, E.A., A signal transduction system that responds to extracellular iron. Cell 103 (2000), 113–125.
19. [19] Perez, J.C., Groisman, E.A., Acid pH activation of the PmrA/PmrB two-component regulatory system of Salmonella enterica. Mol Microbiol 63 (2007), 283–293.
20. 3 in Escherichia coli K12. Detection of 4-amino-4-deoxy-L-arabinose, phosphoethanolamine and palmitate. J Biol Chem 274 (1999), 18503–18514.
21. [21] Nishino, K., Hsu, F.F., Turk, J., Cromie, M.J., Wosten, M.M., Groisman, E.A., Identification of the lipopolysaccharide modifications controlled by the Salmonella PmrA/PmrB system mediating resistance to Fe(III) and Al(III). Mol Microbiol 61 (2006), 645–654.
22. [22] Olaitan, A.O., Morand, S., Rolain, J.M., Mechanisms of polymyxin resistance: acquired and intrinsic resistance in bacteria. Front Microbiol, 5, 2014, 643.
23. [23] Olaitan, A.O., Thongmalayvong, B., Akkhavong, K., Somphavong, S., Paboriboune, P., Khounsy, S., et al. Clonal transmission of a colistin-resistant Escherichia coli from a domesticated pig to a human in Laos. J Antimicrob Chemother 70 (2015), 3402–3404.
24. [24] Olaitan, A.O., Morand, S., Rolain, J.M., Emergence of colistin-resistant bacteria in humans without colistin usage: a new worry and cause for vigilance. Int J Antimicrob Agents 47 (2016), 1–3.
25. [25] Quesada, A., Porrero, M.C., Tellez, S., Palomo, G., Garcia, M., Dominguez, L., Polymorphism of genes encoding PmrAB in colistin-resistant strains of Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica isolated from poultry and swine. J Antimicrob Chemother 70 (2015), 71–74.
26. [26] Urban, C., Tiruvury, H., Mariano, N., Colon-Urban, R., Rahal, J.J., Polymyxin-resistant clinical isolates of Escherichia coli. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 55 (2011), 388–389.
27. [27] Walkty, A., DeCorby, M., Nichol, K., Karlowsky, J.A., Hoban, D.J., Zhanel, G.G., In vitro activity of colistin (polymyxin E) against 3,480 isolates of Gram-negative bacilli obtained from patients in Canadian hospitals in the CANWARD study, 2007–2008. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 53 (2009), 4924–4926.
28. [28] Prim, N., Rivera, A., Espanol, M., Mirelis, B., Coll, P., In vivo adaptive resistance to colistin in Escherichia coli isolates. Clin Infect Dis 61 (2015), 1628–1629.
29. [29] Dotto, G., Giacomelli, M., Grilli, G., Ferrazzi, V., Carattoli, A., Fortini, D., et al. High prevalence of oqxAB in Escherichia coli isolates from domestic and wild lagomorphs in Italy. Microb Drug Resist 20 (2014), 118–123.
30. [30] Gales, A.C., Jones, R.N., Sader, H.S., Contemporary activity of colistin and polymyxin B against a worldwide collection of Gram-negative pathogens: results from the SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program (2006–09). J Antimicrob Chemother 66 (2011), 2070–2074.
31. [31] Sader, H.S., Farrell, D.J., Flamm, R.K., Jones, R.N., Antimicrobial susceptibility of Gram-negative organisms isolated from patients hospitalised with pneumonia in US and European hospitals: results from the SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program, 2009–2012. Int J Antimicrob Agents 43 (2014), 328–334.
32. [32] Ah, Y.M., Kim, A.J., Lee, J.Y., Colistin resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae. Int J Antimicrob Agents 44 (2014), 8–15.
33. [33] Monaco, M., Giani, T., Raffone, M., Arena, F., Garcia-Fernandez, A., Pollini, S., et al. Colistin resistance superimposed to endemic carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae: a rapidly evolving problem in Italy, November 2013 to April 2014. Euro Surveill, 19, 2014 pii: 20939.
34. [34] Parisi, S.G., Bartolini, A., Santacatterina, E., Castellani, E., Ghirardo, R., Berto, A., et al. Prevalence of Klebsiella pneumoniae strains producing carbapenemases and increase of resistance to colistin in an Italian teaching hospital from January 2012 to December 2014. BMC Infect Dis, 15, 2015, 244.
35. [35] Zagorianou, A., Sianou, E., Iosifidis, E., Dimou, V., Protonotariou, E., Miyakis, S., et al. Microbiological and molecular characteristics of carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae endemic in a tertiary Greek hospital during 2004–2010. Euro Surveill, 17, 2012 pii: 20088.
36. [36] Pena, I., Picazo, J.J., Rodriguez-Avial, C., Rodriguez-Avial, I., Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in a tertiary hospital in Madrid, Spain: high percentage of colistin resistance among VIM-1-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae ST11 isolates. Int J Antimicrob Agents 43 (2014), 460–464.
37. [37] Capone, A., Giannella, M., Fortini, D., Giordano, A., Meledandri, M., Ballardini, M., et al. High rate of colistin resistance among patients with carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae infection accounts for an excess of mortality. Clin Microbiol Infect 19 (2013), E23–30.
38. [38] Chiu, S.K., Wu, T.L., Chuang, Y.C., Lin, J.C., Fung, C.P., Lu, P.L., et al. National surveillance study on carbapenem non-susceptible Klebsiella pneumoniae in Taiwan: the emergence and rapid dissemination of KPC-2 carbapenemase. PLoS ONE, 8, 2013 e69428.
39. [39] Giani, T., Arena, F., Vaggelli, G., Conte, V., Chiarelli, A., Henrici De Angelis, L., et al. Large nosocomial outbreak of colistin-resistant, carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae traced to clonal expansion of an mgrB deletion mutant. J Clin Microbiol 53 (2015), 3341–3344.
40. [40] Cannatelli, A., Giani, T., D'Andrea, M.M., Di Pilato, V., Arena, F., Conte, V., et al. MgrB inactivation is a common mechanism of colistin resistance in KPC-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae of clinical origin. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 58 (2014), 5696–5703.
41. [41] Weterings, V., Zhou, K., Rossen, J.W., van Stenis, D., Thewessen, E., Kluytmans, J., et al. An outbreak of colistin-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in The Netherlands (July to December 2013), with inter-institutional spread. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 34 (2015), 1647–1655.
42. [42] Meletis, G., Oustas, E., Botziori, C., Kakasi, E., Koteli, A., Containment of carbapenem resistance rates of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Acinetobacter baumannii in a Greek hospital with a concomitant increase in colistin, gentamicin and tigecycline resistance. New Microbiol 38 (2015), 417–421.
43. [43] Cannatelli, A., Di Pilato, V., Giani, T., Arena, F., Ambretti, S., Gaibani, P., et al. In vivo evolution to colistin resistance by PmrB sensor kinase mutation in KPC-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae is associated with low-dosage colistin treatment. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 58 (2014), 4399–4403.
44. [44] Olaitan, A.O., Diene, S.M., Kempf, M., Berrazeg, M., Bakour, S., Gupta, S.K., et al. Worldwide emergence of colistin resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae from healthy humans and patients in Lao PDR, Thailand, Israel, Nigeria and France owing to inactivation of the PhoP/PhoQ regulator mgrB: an epidemiological and molecular study. Int J Antimicrob Agents 44 (2014), 500–507.
45. [45] Jayol, A., Poirel, L., Brink, A., Villegas, M.V., Yilmaz, M., Nordmann, P., Resistance to colistin associated with a single amino acid change in protein PmrB among Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates of worldwide origin. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 58 (2014), 4762–4766.
46. [46] Cheng, Y.H., Lin, T.L., Pan, Y.J., Wang, Y.P., Lin, Y.T., Wang, J.T., Colistin resistance mechanisms in Klebsiella pneumoniae strains from Taiwan. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 59 (2015), 2909–2913.
47. [47] Wright, M.S., Suzuki, Y., Jones, M.B., Marshall, S.H., Rudin, S.D., van Duin, D., et al. Genomic and transcriptomic analyses of colistin-resistant clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae reveal multiple pathways of resistance. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 59 (2015), 536–543.
48. [48] Lippa, A.M., Goulian, M., Feedback inhibition in the PhoQ/PhoP signaling system by a membrane peptide. PLoS Genet, 5, 2009, e1000788.
49. [49] Cannatelli, A., D'Andrea, M.M., Giani, T., Di Pilato, V., Arena, F., Ambretti, S., et al. In vivo emergence of colistin resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae producing KPC-type carbapenemases mediated by insertional inactivation of the PhoQ/PhoP mgrB regulator. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 57 (2013), 5521–5526.
50. [50] Lopez-Camacho, E., Gomez-Gil, R., Tobes, R., Manrique, M., Lorenzo, M., Galvan, B., et al. Genomic analysis of the emergence and evolution of multidrug resistance during a Klebsiella pneumoniae outbreak including carbapenem and colistin resistance. J Antimicrob Chemother 69 (2014), 632–636.
51. [51] Poirel, L., Jayol, A., Bontron, S., Villegas, M.V., Ozdamar, M., Turkoglu, S., et al. The mgrB gene as a key target for acquired resistance to colistin in Klebsiella pneumoniae. J Antimicrob Chemother 70 (2015), 75–80.
52. [52] Cheng, Y.H., Lin, T.L., Lin, Y.T., Wang, J.T., Amino acid substitutions of CrrB responsible for resistance to colistin through CrrC in Klebsiella pneumoniae. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 60 (2016), 3709–3716.
53. [53] El-Halfawy, O.M., Valvano, M.A., Antimicrobial heteroresistance: an emerging field in need of clarity. Clin Microbiol Rev 28 (2015), 191–207.
54. [54] Poudyal, A., Howden, B.P., Bell, J.M., Gao, W., Owen, R.J., Turnidge, J.D., et al. In vitro pharmacodynamics of colistin against multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae. J Antimicrob Chemother 62 (2008), 1311–1318.
55. [55] Meletis, G., Tzampaz, E., Sianou, E., Tzavaras, I., Sofianou, D., Colistin heteroresistance in carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae. J Antimicrob Chemother 66 (2011), 946–947.
56. [56] Jayol, A., Nordmann, P., Brink, A., Poirel, L., Heteroresistance to colistin in Klebsiella pneumoniae associated with alterations in the PhoPQ regulatory system. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 59 (2015), 2780–2784.
57. [57] Hejnar, P., Kolar, M., Hajek, V., Characteristics of Acinetobacter strains (phenotype classification, antibiotic susceptibility and production of β-lactamases) isolated from haemocultures from patients at the Teaching Hospital in Olomouc. Acta Univ Palacki Olomuc Fac Med 142 (1999), 73–77.
58. [58] Cai, Y., Chai, D., Wang, R., Liang, B., Bai, N., Colistin resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii: clinical reports, mechanisms and antimicrobial strategies. J Antimicrob Chemother 67 (2012), 1607–1615.
59. [59] Sader, H.S., Farrell, D.J., Flamm, R.K., Jones, R.N., Antimicrobial susceptibility of Gram-negative organisms isolated from patients hospitalized in intensive care units in United States and European hospitals (2009–2011). Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 78 (2014), 443–448.
60. [60] Queenan, A.M., Pillar, C.M., Deane, J., Sahm, D.F., Lynch, A.S., Flamm, R.K., et al. Multidrug resistance among Acinetobacter spp. in the USA and activity profile of key agents: results from CAPITAL Surveillance 2010. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 73 (2012), 267–270.
61. [61] Gales, A.C., Castanheira, M., Jones, R.N., Sader, H.S., Antimicrobial resistance among Gram-negative bacilli isolated from Latin America: results from SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program (Latin America, 2008–2010). Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 73 (2012), 354–360.
62. [62] Jones, R.N., Guzman-Blanco, M., Gales, A.C., Gallegos, B., Castro, A.L., Martino, M.D., et al. Susceptibility rates in Latin American nations: report from a regional resistance surveillance program (2011). Braz J Infect Dis 17 (2013), 672–681.
63. [63] Jones, R.N., Flonta, M., Gurler, N., Cepparulo, M., Mendes, R.E., Castanheira, M., Resistance surveillance program report for selected European nations (2011). Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 78 (2014), 429–436.
64. [64] Oikonomou, O., Sarrou, S., Papagiannitsis, C.C., Georgiadou, S., Mantzarlis, K., Zakynthinos, E., et al. Rapid dissemination of colistin and carbapenem resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in Central Greece: mechanisms of resistance, molecular identification and epidemiological data. BMC Infect Dis, 15, 2015, 559.
65. [65] Mavroidi, A., Likousi, S., Palla, E., Katsiari, M., Roussou, Z., Maguina, A., et al. Molecular identification of tigecycline- and colistin-resistant carbapenemase-producing Acinetobacter baumannii from a Greek hospital from 2011 to 2013. J Med Microbiol 64 (2015), 993–997.
66. [66] Agodi, A., Voulgari, E., Barchitta, M., Quattrocchi, A., Bellocchi, P., Poulou, A., et al. Spread of a carbapenem- and colistin-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii ST2 clonal strain causing outbreaks in two Sicilian hospitals. J Hosp Infect 86 (2014), 260–266.
67. [67] Bakour, S., Olaitan, A.O., Ammari, H., Touati, A., Saoudi, S., Saoudi, K., et al. Emergence of colistin- and carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii ST2 clinical isolate in Algeria: first case report. Microb Drug Resist 21 (2015), 279–285.
68. [68] Rolain, J.M., Diene, S.M., Kempf, M., Gimenez, G., Robert, C., Raoult, D., Real-time sequencing to decipher the molecular mechanism of resistance of a clinical pan-drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolate from Marseille, France. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 57 (2013), 592–596.
69. [69] Qureshi, Z.A., Hittle, L.E., O'Hara, J.A., Rivera, J.I., Syed, A., Shields, R.K., et al. Colistin-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii: beyond carbapenem resistance. Clin Infect Dis 60 (2015), 1295–1303.
70. [70] Park, Y.K., Choi, J.Y., Jung, S.I., Park, K.H., Lee, H., Jung, D.S., et al. Two distinct clones of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolates from Korean hospitals. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 64 (2009), 389–395.
71. [71] Mahamat, A., Bertrand, X., Moreau, B., Hommel, D., Couppie, P., Simonnet, C., et al. Clinical epidemiology and resistance mechanisms of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii, French Guiana, 2008–2014. Int J Antimicrob Agents 48 (2016), 51–55.
72. [72] Valencia, R., Arroyo, L.A., Conde, M., Aldana, J.M., Torres, M.J., Fernandez-Cuenca, F., et al. Nosocomial outbreak of infection with pan-drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in a tertiary care university hospital. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 30 (2009), 257–263.
73. [73] Adams, M.D., Nickel, G.C., Bajaksouzian, S., Lavender, H., Murthy, A.R., Jacobs, M.R., et al. Resistance to colistin in Acinetobacter baumannii associated with mutations in the PmrAB two-component system. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 53 (2009), 3628–3634.
74. [74] Lesho, E., Yoon, E.J., McGann, P., Snesrud, E., Kwak, Y., Milillo, M., et al. Emergence of colistin-resistance in extremely drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii containing a novel pmrCAB operon during colistin therapy of wound infections. J Infect Dis 208 (2013), 1142–1151.
75. [75] Lim, T.P., Ong, R.T., Hon, P.Y., Hawkey, J., Holt, K.E., Koh, T.H., et al. Multiple genetic mutations associated with polymyxin resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 59 (2015), 7899–7902.
76. [76] Snitkin, E.S., Zelazny, A.M., Gupta, J., Program, N.C.S., Palmore, T.N., Murray, P.R., et al. Genomic insights into the fate of colistin resistance and Acinetobacter baumannii during patient treatment. Genome Res 23 (2013), 1155–1162.
77. [77] Cheah, S.E., Johnson, M.D., Zhu, Y., Tsuji, B.T., Forrest, A., Bulitta, J.B., et al. Polymyxin resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii: genetic mutations and transcriptomic changes in response to clinically relevant dosage regimens. Sci Rep, 6, 2016, 26233.
78. [78] Chin, C.Y., Gregg, K.A., Napier, B.A., Ernst, R.K., Weiss, D.S., A PmrB-regulated deacetylase required for lipid A modification and polymyxin resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 59 (2015), 7911–7914.
79. [79] Moffatt, J.H., Harper, M., Adler, B., Nation, R.L., Li, J., Boyce, J.D., Insertion sequence ISAba11 is involved in colistin resistance and loss of lipopolysaccharide in Acinetobacter baumannii. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 55 (2011), 3022–3024.
80. [80] Hood, M.I., Becker, K.W., Roux, C.M., Dunman, P.M., Skaar, E.P., Genetic determinants of intrinsic colistin tolerance in Acinetobacter baumannii. Infect Immun 81 (2013), 542–551.
81. [81] Lean, S.S., Suhaili, Z., Ismail, S., Rahman, N.I., Othman, N., Abdullah, F.H., et al. Prevalence and genetic characterization of carbapenem- and polymyxin-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from a tertiary hospital in Terengganu, Malaysia. ISRN Microbiol, 2014, 2014, 953417.
82. [82] Lean, S.S., Yeo, C.C., Suhaili, Z., Thong, K.L., Comparative genomics of two ST 195 carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii with different susceptibility to polymyxin revealed underlying resistance mechanism. Front Microbiol, 6, 2015, 1445.
83. [83] Beceiro, A., Moreno, A., Fernandez, N., Vallejo, J.A., Aranda, J., Adler, B., et al. Biological cost of different mechanisms of colistin resistance and their impact on virulence in Acinetobacter baumannii. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 58 (2014), 518–526.
84. [84] Durante-Mangoni, E., Del Franco, M., Andini, R., Bernardo, M., Giannouli, M., Zarrilli, R., Emergence of colistin resistance without loss of fitness and virulence after prolonged colistin administration in a patient with extensively drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 82 (2015), 222–226.
85. [85] Mendes, R.E., Mendoza, M., Banga Singh, K.K., Castanheira, M., Bell, J.M., Turnidge, J.D., et al. Regional resistance surveillance program results for 12 Asia-Pacific nations (2011). Antimicrob Agents Chemother 57 (2013), 5721–5726.
86. [86] Xu, A., Zheng, B., Xu, Y.C., Huang, Z.G., Zhong, N.S., Zhuo, C., National epidemiology of carbapenem-resistant and extensively drug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria isolated from blood samples in China in 2013. Clin Microbiol Infect 22:Suppl. 1 (2016), S1–8.
87. [87] Gunn, J.S., Lim, K.B., Krueger, J., Kim, K., Guo, L., Hackett, M., et al. pmrA–pmrB-regulated genes necessary for 4-aminoarabinose lipid A modification and polymyxin resistance. Mol Microbiol 27 (1998), 1171–1182.
88. [88] Moskowitz, S.M., Brannon, M.K., Dasgupta, N., Pier, M., Sgambati, N., Miller, A.K., et al. PmrB mutations promote polymyxin resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from colistin-treated cystic fibrosis patients. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 56 (2012), 1019–1030.
89. [89] Abraham, N., Kwon, D.H., A single amino acid substitution in PmrB is associated with polymyxin B resistance in clinical isolate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. FEMS Microbiol Lett 298 (2009), 249–254.
90. [90] Barrow, K., Kwon, D.H., Alterations in two-component regulatory systems of phoPQ and pmrAB are associated with polymyxin B resistance in clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 53 (2009), 5150–5154.
91. [91] Miller, A.K., Brannon, M.K., Stevens, L., Johansen, H.K., Selgrade, S.E., Miller, S.I., et al. PhoQ mutations promote lipid A modification and polymyxin resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa found in colistin-treated cystic fibrosis patients. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 55 (2011), 5761–5769.
92. [92] Gutu, A.D., Sgambati, N., Strasbourger, P., Brannon, M.K., Jacobs, M.A., Haugen, E., et al. Polymyxin resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa phoQ mutants is dependent on additional two-component regulatory systems. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 57 (2013), 2204–2215.
93. [93] Muller, C., Plésiat, P., Jeannot, K., A two-component regulatory system interconnects resistance to polymyxins, aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, and β-lactams in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 55 (2011), 1211–1221.
94. [94] Yu, H., Qu, F., Shan, B., Huang, B., Jia, W., Chen, C., et al. Detection of mcr-1 colistin resistance gene in carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) from different hospitals in China. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 60 (2016), 5033–5035.
95. [95] Du, H., Chen, L., Tang, Y.W., Kreiswirth, B.N., Emergence of the mcr-1 colistin resistance gene in carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae. Lancet Infect Dis 16 (2016), 287–288.
96. [96] Ruppe, E., Chatelier, E.L., Pons, N., Andremont, A., Ehrlich, S.D., Dissemination of the mcr-1 colistin resistance gene. Lancet Infect Dis 16 (2016), 290–291.
97. [97] Zhang, R., Huang, Y., Chan, E.W., Zhou, H., Chen, S., Dissemination of the mcr-1 colistin resistance gene. Lancet Infect Dis 16 (2016), 291–292.
98. [98] Zheng, B., Dong, H., Xu, H., Lv, J., Zhang, J., Jiang, X., et al. Coexistence of MCR-1 and NDM-1 in clinical Escherichia coli isolates. Clin Infect Dis, 9, 2016 pii: ciw553.
99. [99] Kuo, S.C., Huang, W.C., Wang, H.Y., Shiau, Y.R., Cheng, M.F., Lauderdale, T.L., Colistin resistance gene mcr-1 in Escherichia coli isolates from humans and retail meats, Taiwan. J Antimicrob Chemother 71 (2016), 2327–2329.
100. [100] Mulvey, M.R., Mataseje, L.F., Robertson, J., Nash, J.H., Boerlin, P., Toye, B., et al. Dissemination of the mcr-1 colistin resistance gene. Lancet Infect Dis 16 (2016), 289–290.
101. [101] Olaitan, A.O., Chabou, S., Okdah, L., Morand, S., Rolain, J.M., Dissemination of the mcr-1 colistin resistance gene. Lancet Infect Dis, 16, 2016, 147.
102. [102] Stoesser, N., Mathers, A.J., Moore, C.E., Day, N.P., Crook, D.W., Colistin resistance gene mcr-1 and pHNSHP45 plasmid in human isolates of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Lancet Infect Dis 16 (2016), 285–286.
103. [103] Arcilla, M.S., van Hattem, J.M., Matamoros, S., Melles, D.C., Penders, J., de Jong, M.D., et al. Dissemination of the mcr-1 colistin resistance gene. Lancet Infect Dis 16 (2016), 147–149.
104. [104] Prim, N., Rivera, A., Rodriguez-Navarro, J., Espanol, M., Turbau, M., Coll, P., et al. Detection of mcr-1 colistin resistance gene in polyclonal Escherichia coli isolates in Barcelona, Spain, 2012 to 2015. Euro Surveill, 21, 2016, 10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2016.21.13.30183.
105. [105] Rapoport, M., Faccone, D., Pasteran, F., Ceriana, P., Albornoz, E., Petroni, A., et al. mcr-1-mediated colistin resistance in human infections caused by Escherichia coli: first description in Latin America. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 60 (2016), 4412–4413.
106. KPC-2 clinical Enterobacteriaceae isolates in Singapore. Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 8, 2016 pii: AAC.
107. [107] Yu, C.Y., Ang, G.Y., Chin, P.S., Ngeow, Y.F., Yin, W.F., Chan, K.G., Emergence of mcr-1-mediated colistin resistance in Escherichia coli in Malaysia. Int J Antimicrob Agents 47 (2016), 504–505.
108. [108] Doumith, M., Godbole, G., Ashton, P., Larkin, L., Dallman, T., Day, M., et al. Detection of the plasmid-mediated mcr-1 gene conferring colistin resistance in human and food isolates of Salmonella enterica and Escherichia coli in England and Wales. J Antimicrob Chemother 71 (2016), 2300–2305.
109. [109] Giufre, M., Monaco, M., Accogli, M., Pantosti, A., Cerquetti, M., PAMURSA Study Group. Emergence of the colistin resistance mcr-1 determinant in commensal Escherichia coli from residents of long-term-care facilities in Italy. J Antimicrob Chemother 71 (2016), 2329–2331.
110. [110] Cannatelli, A., Giani, T., Antonelli, A., Principe, L., Luzzaro, F., Rossolini, G.M., First detection of the mcr-1 colistin resistance gene in Escherichia coli in Italy. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 60 (2016), 3257–3258.
111. [111] Falgenhauer, L., Waezsada, S.E., Yao, Y., Imirzalioglu, C., Kasbohrer, A., Roesler, U., et al. Colistin resistance gene mcr-1 in extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing and carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative bacteria in Germany. Lancet Infect Dis 16 (2016), 282–283.
112. [112] Coetzee, J., Corcoran, C., Prentice, E., Moodley, M., Mendelson, M., Poirel, L., et al. Emergence of plasmid-mediated colistin resistance (MCR-1) among Escherichia coli isolated from South African patients. S Afr Med J 106 (2016), 449–450.
113. [113] Poirel, L., Kieffer, N., Brink, A., Coetze, J., Jayol, A., Nordmann, P., Genetic features of MCR-1-producing colistin-resistant Escherichia coli isolates, South Africa. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 60 (2016), 4394–4397.
114. [114] Izdebski, R., Baraniak, A., Bojarska, K., Urbanowicz, P., Fiett, J., Pomorska-Wesolowska, M., et al. Mobile MCR-1-associated resistance to colistin in Poland. J Antimicrob Chemother 71 (2016), 2331–2333.
115. [115] Poirel, L., Kieffer, N., Liassine, N., Thanh, D., Nordmann, P., Plasmid-mediated carbapenem and colistin resistance in a clinical isolate of Escherichia coli. Lancet Infect Dis, 16, 2016, 281.
116. [116] Nordmann, P., Lienhard, R., Kieffer, N., Clerc, O., Poirel, L., Plasmid-mediated colistin-resistant Escherichia coli in bacteremia in Switzerland. Clin Infect Dis 62 (2016), 1322–1323.
117. [117] Bernasconi, O.J., Kuenzli, E., Pires, J., Tinguely, R., Carattoli, A., Hatz, C., et al. Travelers can import colistin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae including those possessing the plasmid-mediated mcr-1 gene. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 60 (2016), 5080–5084.
118. [118] Hasman, H., Hammerum, A.M., Hansen, F., Hendriksen, R.S., Olesen, B., Agerso, Y., et al. Detection of mcr-1 encoding plasmid-mediated colistin-resistant Escherichia coli isolates from human bloodstream infection and imported chicken meat, Denmark 2015. Euro Surveill, 20, 2015, 10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2015.20.49.30085.
119. [119] Elnahriry, S.S., Khalifa, H.O., Soliman, A.M., Ahmed, A.M., Hussein, A.M., Shimamoto, T., et al. Emergence of plasmid-mediated colistin resistance gene mcr-1 in a clinical Escherichia coli isolate from Egypt. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 60 (2016), 3249–3250.
120. NDM-1 in Escherichia coli from Venezuela. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 60 (2016), 6356–6358.
121. CTX-M on a novel IncF plasmid: first report of mcr-1 in the USA. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 60 (2016), 4420–4421.
122. [122] Wong, S.C., Tse, H., Chen, J.H., Cheng, V.C., Ho, P.L., Yuen, K.Y., Colistin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae carrying the mcr-1 gene among patients in Hong Kong. Emerg Infect Dis 22 (2016), 1667–1669.
123. [123] Fernandes, M.R., McCulloch, J.A., Vianello, M.A., Moura, Q., Pérez-Chaparro, P.J., Esposito, F., et al. First report of the globally disseminated IncX4 plasmid carrying the mcr-1 gene in a colistin-resistant Escherichia coli sequence type 101 isolate from a human infection in Brazil. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 60 (2016), 6415–6417.
124. [124] Zeng, K.J., Doi, Y., Patil, S., Huang, X., Tian, G.B., Emergence of the plasmid-mediated mcr-1 gene in colistin-resistant Enterobacter aerogenes and Enterobacter cloacae. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 60 (2016), 3862–3863.
125. [125] Pham Thanh, D., Thanh Tuyen, H., Nguyen Thi Nguyen, T., Chung The, H., Wick, R.R., Thwaites, G.E., et al. Inducible colistin resistance via a disrupted plasmid-borne mcr-1 gene in a 2008 Vietnamese Shigella sonnei isolate. J Antimicrob Chemother 71 (2016), 2314–2317.
126. [126] Campos, J.C.L., Peixe, L., Antunes, P., MCR-1 in multidrug-resistant and copper-tolerant clinically relevant Salmonella 1,4,[5],12:i:- and S. Rissen clones in Portugal, 2011 to 2015. Euro Surveill, 21, 2016, 10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2016.21.26.30270.
127. [127] Kluytmans-van den Bergh, M.F., Huizinga, P., Bonten, M.J., Bos, M., De Bruyne, K., Friedrich, A.W., et al. Presence of mcr-1-positive Enterobacteriaceae in retail chicken meat but not in humans in The Netherlands since 2009. Euro Surveill, 2016, 21, 10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2016.21.9.30149.
128. [128] Zurfuh, K., Poirel, L., Nordmann, P., Nuesch-Inderbinen, M., Hachler, H., Stephan, R., Occurrence of the plasmid-borne mcr-1 colistin resistance gene in extended-spectrum-β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in river water and imported vegetable samples in Switzerland. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 60 (2016), 2594–2595.
129. CTX-M-15 in fluoroquinolone-resistant Escherichia coli ST410. Emerg Infect Dis 22 (2016), 1689–1691.
130. [130] Yao, X., Doi, Y., Zeng, L., Lv, L., Liu, J.H., Carbapenem-resistant and colistin-resistant Escherichia coli co-producing NDM-9 and MCR-1. Lancet Infect Dis 16 (2016), 288–289.
131. [131] Veldman, K., van Essen-Zandbergen, A., Rapallini, M., Wit, B., Heymans, R., van Pelt, W., et al. Location of colistin resistance gene mcr-1 in Enterobacteriaceae from livestock and meat. J Antimicrob Chemother 71 (2016), 2340–2342.
132. [132] Webb, H.E., Granier, S.A., Marault, M., Millemann, Y., den Bakker, H.C., Nightingale, K.K., et al. Dissemination of the mcr-1 colistin resistance gene. Lancet Infect Dis 16 (2016), 144–145.
133. [133] Petrillo, M., Angers-Loustau, A., Kreysa, J., Possible genetic events producing colistin resistance gene mcr-1. Lancet Infect Dis, 16, 2016, 280.
134. [134] Figueiredo, R., Card, R.M., Nunez, J., Pomba, C., Mendonca, N., Anjum, M.F., et al. Detection of an mcr-1-encoding plasmid mediating colistin resistance in Salmonella enterica from retail meat in Portugal. J Antimicrob Chemother 71 (2016), 2338–2340.
135. [135] Shen, Z., Wang, Y., Shen, Y., Shen, J., Wu, C., Early emergence of mcr-1 in Escherichia coli from food-producing animals. Lancet Infect Dis, 16, 2016, 293.
136. [136] Haenni, M., Poirel, L., Kieffer, N., Chatre, P., Saras, E., Metayer, V., et al. Co-occurrence of extended spectrum β lactamase and MCR-1 encoding genes on plasmids. Lancet Infect Dis 16 (2016), 281–282.
137. [137] Brennan, E., Martins, M., McCusker, M.P., Wang, J., Alves, B.M., Hurley, D., et al. Multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli in bovine animals, Europe. Emerg Infect Dis 22 (2016), 1650–1652.
138. [138] Perrin-Guyomard, A., Bruneau, M., Houee, P., Deleurme, K., Legrandois, P., Poirier, C., et al. Prevalence of mcr-1 in commensal Escherichia coli from French livestock, 2007 to 2014. Euro Surveill, 21, 2016, 10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2016.21.6.30135.
139. [139] Kusumoto, M., Ogura, Y., Gotoh, Y., Iwata, T., Hayashi, T., Akiba, M., Colistin-resistant mcr-1-positive pathogenic Escherichia coli in swine, Japan, 2007–2014. Emerg Infect Dis 22 (2016), 1315–1317.
140. [140] Quesada, A., Ugarte-Ruiz, M., Iglesias, M.R., Porrero, M.C., Martinez, R., Florez-Cuadrado, D., et al. Detection of plasmid mediated colistin resistance (MCR-1) in Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica isolated from poultry and swine in Spain. Res Vet Sci 105 (2016), 134–135.
141. [141] Malhotra-Kumar, S., Xavier, B.B., Das, A.J., Lammens, C., Butaye, P., Goossens, H., Colistin resistance gene mcr-1 harboured on a multidrug resistant plasmid. Lancet Infect Dis 16 (2016), 283–284.
142. [142] Xavier, B.B., Lammens, C., Butaye, P., Goossens, H., Malhotra-Kumar, S., Complete sequence of an IncFII plasmid harbouring the colistin resistance gene mcr-1 isolated from Belgian pig farms. J Antimicrob Chemother 71 (2016), 2342–2344.
143. [143] Lentz, S.A., de Lima-Morales, D., Cuppertino, V.M., Nunes, L., da Motta, A.S., Zavascki, A.P., et al. Escherichia coli harbouring mcr-1 gene isolated from poultry not exposed to polymyxins in Brazil. Euro Surveill, 21, 2016, 10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2016.21.26.30267.
144. [144] Fernandes, M.R., Moura, Q., Sartori, L., Silva, K.C., Cunha, M.P., Esposito, F., et al. Silent dissemination of colistin-resistant Escherichia coli in South America could contribute to the global spread of the mcr-1 gene. Euro Surveill, 21, 2016, 10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2016.21.17.302.
145. [145] Suzuki, S., Ohnishi, M., Kawanishi, M., Akiba, M., Kuroda, M., Investigation of a plasmid genome database for colistin-resistance gene mcr-1. Lancet Infect Dis 16 (2016), 284–285.
146. [146] Khalifa, H.O., Ahmed, A.M., Oreiby, A.F., Eid, A.M., Shimamoto, T., Shimamoto, T., Characterisation of the plasmid-mediated colistin resistance gene mcr-1 in Escherichia coli isolated from animals in Egypt. Int J Antimicrob Agents 47 (2016), 413–414.
147. [147] Malhotra-Kumar, S., Xavier, B.B., Das, A.J., Lammens, C., Hoang, H.T., Pham, N.T., et al. Colistin-resistant Escherichia coli harbouring mcr-1 isolated from food animals in Hanoi, Vietnam. Lancet Infect Dis 16 (2016), 286–287.
148. [148] Grami, R., Mansour, W., Mehri, W., Bouallegue, O., Boujaafar, N., Madec, J.Y., et al. Impact of food animal trade on the spread of mcr-1-mediated colistin resistance, Tunisia. Euro Surveill, 2016, 2015, 21, 10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2016.21.8.30144.
149. [149] Perreten, V., Strauss, C., Collaud, A., Gerber, D., Colistin resistance gene mcr-1 in avian pathogenic Escherichia coli in South Africa. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 60 (2016), 4414–4415.
150. [150] Anjum, M.F., Duggett, N.A., AbuOun, M., Randall, L., Nunez-Garcia, J., Ellis, R.J., et al. Colistin resistance in Salmonella and Escherichia coli isolates from a pig farm in Great Britain. J Antimicrob Chemother 71 (2016), 2306–2313.
151. [151] Yang, R.S., Feng, Y., Lv, X.Y., Duan, J.H., Chen, J., Fang, L.X., et al. Emergence of NDM-5- and MCR-1-producing Escherichia coli clones ST648 and ST156 from a single muscovy duck (Cairina moschata). Antimicrob Agents Chemother 60 (2016), 6899–6902.
152. [152] Liakopoulos, A., Mevius, D.J., Olsen, B., Bonnedahl, J., The colistin resistance mcr-1 gene is going wild. J Antimicrob Chemother 71 (2016), 2335–2336.
153. [153] Ruzauskas, M., Vaskeviciute L. Detection of the mcr-1 gene in Escherichia coli prevalent in the migratory bird species Larus argentatus. J Antimicrob Chemother 71 (2016), 2333–2334.
154. [154] Xavier, B.B., Lammens, C., Ruhal, R., Kumar-Singh, S., Butaye, P., Goossens, H., et al. Identification of a novel plasmid-mediated colistin-resistance gene, mcr-2, in Escherichia coli, Belgium, June 2016. Euro Surveill, 2016, 21, 10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2016.21.27.30280.
155. [155] Wanty, C., Anandan, A., Piek, S., Walshe, J., Ganguly, J., Carlson, R.W., et al. The structure of the neisserial lipooligosaccharide phosphoethanolamine transferase A (LptA) required for resistance to polymyxin. J Mol Biol 425 (2013), 3389–3402.
156. [156] Fage, C.D., Brown, D.B., Boll, J.M., Keatinge-Clay, A.T., Trent, M.S., Crystallographic study of the phosphoethanolamine transferase EptC required for polymyxin resistance and motility in Campylobacter jejuni. Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr 70 (2014), 2730–2739.
157. 2+ hypersensitivity of an eptB deletion mutant. J Biol Chem 280 (2005), 21202–21211.
158. [158] Castanheira, M., Griffin, M.A., Deshpande, L.M., Mendes, R.E., Jones, R.N., Flamm, R.K., Detection of mcr-1 among Escherichia coli clinical isolates collected worldwide as part of the SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program in 2014 and 2015. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 60 (2016), 5623–5624.